A block of themes and motives of the lyrics. Motives of Alexander Blok's lyrics. The artistic world of the poem "The Twelve" Teacher of the Russian language and literature Ageeva N.A. The image of a beautiful lady

1. Poet A. A. Blok.
2. The main themes in Blok's work.
3. Love in the poet's poetry.

... A writer who believes in his vocation, no matter what size this writer may be, compares himself with his homeland, believing that he suffers from her illnesses, crucifies with her ...
A. A. Blok

A. A. Blok was born into a noble family of intellectuals. According to Blok, his father was a connoisseur of literature, a subtle stylist and a good musician. But he had a despotic character, which is why Blok's mother left her husband before the birth of her son.

Blok spent his childhood in an atmosphere of literary interests, which early aroused in him a craving for poetry. At the age of five, Blok began to write poetry. But a serious appeal to poetic creativity dates back to the years when the poet graduated from the gymnasium.

Blok's lyrics are unique. With all the variety of topics and means of expression, it appears to the reader as a single whole, as a reflection of the "path" traveled by the poet. Blok himself pointed out this feature of his work. A. A. Blok went through a difficult creative path. From symbolist, romantic poems to an appeal to real revolutionary reality. Many of Blok's contemporaries and even former friends, having fled from revolutionary reality abroad, shouted that the poet had sold himself to the Bolsheviks. But it wasn't. Blok suffered from the revolution, but he also managed to understand that the time for change was inevitable. The poet felt life very sensitively, showed interest in the fate of his native country and the Russian people.

Love for Blok is the main theme of creativity, be it love for a woman, for Russia. The early work of the poet is distinguished by religious dreams. The cycle of "Poems about the Beautiful Lady" is filled with anxiety, a sense of an approaching catastrophe. The poet longed for the ideal of a woman. Blok's poems are dedicated to his future wife, D. I. Mendeleeva. Here are the lines from the poem "I enter the dark temples ...":

I enter dark temples
I perform a poor ritual.
There I am waiting for the Beautiful Lady
In the flickering of red lamps.
In the shadow of a tall column
I tremble at the creak of doors.
And he looks into my face, illumined,
Only an image, only a dream about Her.

The poet's love for his future wife in "Poems about the Beautiful Lady" was combined with a passion for the philosophical ideas of V. S. Solovyov. The philosopher's teaching about the existence of the Great Femininity, the Soul of the World, turned out to be closest to the poet. Inextricably linked with the Great Feminine is the idea of ​​saving the world through its spiritual renewal. The philosopher's thought that love for the world is revealed through love for a woman evoked a special response from the poet.

In "Poems about the Beautiful Lady", the ideas of dual worlds, which are a combination of the spiritual and the material, were embodied through a system of symbols. The appearance of the heroine of this cycle is ambiguous. On the one hand, this is a very real woman:

She is slim and tall
Always haughty and harsh.
On the other hand, it is a mystical image.
The same applies to the hero.

Blok's story of earthly love is embodied in a romantic symbolic myth. “Earthly” (lyrical hero) is opposed to “heavenly” (Beautiful Lady), there is a desire for their reunion, due to which complete harmony should come.

But over time, Blok's poetic orientation changed. The poet understood that when hunger and devastation, struggle and death are around, it is impossible to go to “other worlds”. And then life in all its diversity burst into the work of the poet. The theme of the people and the intelligentsia appears in Blok's poetry. For example, in the poem "The Stranger" the collision of a beautiful dream with reality is shown:

And slowly, passing among the drunk,
Always without companions, alone,
Breathing in spirits and mists,
She sits by the window.

Blok wrote in his diary: “She is a kind of ideal of beauty, capable, perhaps, of recreating life, expelling everything ugly and bad from it.” Duality - the contact of the image-ideal and repulsive reality - is reflected in this poem. This is reflected even in the two-part composition of the work. The first part is filled with the expectation of a dream, an ideal image of the Stranger:

And every evening the only friend
Reflected in my glass...

But the meeting place with the ideal is a tavern. And the author skillfully escalates the situation, preparing the reader for the appearance of the Stranger. The appearance of the Stranger in the second part of the poem temporarily transforms reality for the hero. In the poem "The Stranger" the image of the lyrical hero is surprisingly psychologically revealed. The change of his states is very important for Blok. Love for the motherland is clearly manifested in Blok's poetry. Blok's love for his native country clearly echoes a deep feeling for a woman:

Oh, my Russia! My wife! To pain
We have a long way to go!

Blok sought to continue the traditions of Russian classical literature, saw his task in serving the people. In the poem "Autumn Will" Lermontov's traditions are visible. M. Yu. Lermontov in his poem “Motherland” called love for the motherland “strange”, the poet was not “glory bought with blood”, but “the cold silence of the steppes”, “trembling lights of sad villages”. Such is the love of Blok:

I will cry over the sadness of your fields,
I will love your space forever ...

Blok's attitude to his homeland is more personal, intimate, like his love for a woman. No wonder in this poem Russia appears before the reader in the form of a woman:

And far, far away waving invitingly
Your patterned, your colored sleeve

In the poem "Rus" the homeland is a mystery. And the solution to the mystery is in the soul of the people. The motif of a terrible world was reflected in Blok's poetry. Most clearly, all the hopelessness of life is manifested in the well-known poem "Night, street, lamp, pharmacy ...":

Night, street, lamp, pharmacy,
A meaningless and dim light.
Live at least a quarter of a century -
Everything will be like this. There is no exit.
If you die, you start over again
And everything will repeat, as of old:
Night, icy ripples of the channel,
Pharmacy, street, lamp.

The fatal cycle of life, its hopelessness is surprisingly clearly and simply reflected in this poem.

Blok's poems are tragic in many ways. But tragic was the time that gave birth to them. But the essence of creativity, according to the poet himself, is in serving the future. In his last poem to Pushkin's House, Blok again speaks of this:

Skipping days of oppression
short term deception

The days to come were seen
Blue-pink mist.

To understand the poet's work, the image of his lyrical hero is in many ways important. After all, as we know, people reflect themselves in their works.

In the poem "Factory" we see the appeal of the symbolist poet to reality, to social topics. But reality correlates with symbolic philosophy, the lyrical hero's awareness of his place in life. Three images can be distinguished in the poem: a crowd of people gathered at the gate; a mystical character ("immobile someone, black someone") and a lyrical hero saying: "I see everything from my top...". This is typical for Blok's work: to see everything "from the top", but at the same time the poet himself acutely felt life in all its diversity and even in tragedy.

Oh, I want to live crazy

Everything that exists - perpetuate,

Impersonal - to humanize,

Unfulfilled - to embody!

The work of Alexander Blok, the great poet of the early 20th century, is one of the most remarkable phenomena in Russian poetry. By the power of talent, passion for defending his views and positions, by the depth of penetration into life, by the desire to answer the biggest and most pressing questions of our time, by the significance of innovative discoveries that have become an invaluable asset of Russian poetry, Blok is one of those figures of our art who make up his pride and glory.

What attracts me to Blok's poetry? First of all, the fact that all the phenomena of the surrounding world and all the events of history, all the legends of the centuries, people's grief, dreams of the future - everything that became the subject of experiences and food for thought, Blok translated into the language of lyrics and, above all, perceived as lyrics. Even Russia itself was for him a “lyrical magnitude”, and this “magnitude” was so huge that it did not immediately fit into the framework of his work.

It is also extremely important that the big patriotic theme, the theme of the Motherland and its destinies, enters Blok’s lyrics simultaneously with the theme of the revolution, which captures the poet to the most hidden depths of his soul and gave rise to a system of completely new feelings, experiences, aspirations that arose as if during lightning discharges, in their dazzling light - and the theme of the Motherland becomes the main and most important in Blok's work. One of his most “remarkable poems, written during the days of the 1905 revolution and inspired by it, is “Autumn Will”. In this poem, which will be followed by the Motherland cycle, huge in its inner meaning and artistic perfection, those experiences and the poet's thoughts, which gave his lyrics new and unusually important features.

All the same, the former, and at the same time a completely different beauty of his native land was revealed to the poet in the most inconspicuous for the “foreign gaze” plain, which does not strike with either bright colors or variegated colors, calm and monotonous, but irresistibly attractive in the eyes of a Russian person, as the poet acutely felt and conveyed in his poem: I go out on the road, open to my eyes, The wind bends the resilient bushes, The broken stone lay down on the slopes, The yellow clay is meager layers.

Autumn roamed in the wet valleys, It exposed the cemeteries of the earth, But thick mountain ash in the passing villages The red color will dawn from afar ...

It would seem that everything is monotonous, familiar, has long been familiar in these “wet valleys”, but in them the poet saw something new, unexpected and as if echoing the rebellious, young, perky that he felt in himself; in the severity and even scarcity of the open space that opened before him, he recognized his own, dear, close, grasping the heart - and could not help but respond to the red color of the mountain ash, reddening in front of him, calling somewhere and pleasing with new promises that the poet had not heard before. That is why he experiences such an unprecedented upsurge of inner strength, the charm and beauty of the fields and slopes of his native land appeared before him in a new way: Here it is, my fun, dancing And ringing, ringing, disappearing in the bushes! And in the distance, in the distance, your patterned, your colored sleeve invitingly waves.

Before him there are real forests, fields, slopes, he is attracted by the path that disappears in the distance. This is exactly what the poet says in his “Autumn Will” with some kind of inspired joy, bright sadness and extraordinary breadth, as if accommodating the entire native expanse: Will I sing about my luck, How I ruined my youth in hops ...

I will cry over the sadness of my fields, I will love your expanse forever ...

The feeling that scorches the heart of the poet and his work, invariably mixed with every thought, every experience, is, in addition to love for the Motherland, and love for the mother. Mother, in the feat of whose son the radiance of the sun itself is seen, and let this feat cost the son of his whole life - the mother’s heart is overwhelmed with “golden joy”, for the filial light defeated the surrounding darkness, reigns over her: The son did not forget his own mother: The son returned to die.

His lyrics became stronger than himself. This is most clearly expressed in his love poems. No matter how much he kept saying that the women we love were made of cardboard, against his will he saw in them the stars, felt in them extraterrestrial distances, and - no matter how much he himself laughed at it - every woman in his love poems combined for him with clouds, sunsets, dawns, each opened gaps in the Other, that's why he creates his first cycle - “Poems about the Beautiful Lady”. The Beautiful Lady is the embodiment of eternal femininity, the eternal ideal of beauty. The lyrical hero is a servant of the Beautiful Lady, waiting for the coming transformation of life.

Hopes for the advent of "eternal femininity" testify to Blok's dissatisfaction with reality: I foresee You. Years pass by...

The beautiful Lady, one and unchanging in her perfection, in her wondrous charm, at the same time constantly changes features and appears before her knight and servant either “Virgin, Dawn”, then “Wife clothed in the sun”, and this is what the poet calls to her. in the expectation of the times foretold in ancient and sacred books: To you, whose Twilight was so bright, Whose voice calls with quietness, - Raise the arches of heaven The ever-falling vault.

Love itself collects ideal, heavenly features in the eyes of the poet, and in his beloved he sees not an ordinary earthly girl, but the hypostasis of a deity. In the verses about the Beautiful Lady, the poet sings of her and endows her with all the attributes of divinity - such as immortality, infinity, omnipotence, wisdom incomprehensible to an earthly person - the poet sees all this in his Beautiful Lady, who now “goes to earth in an incorruptible body”.

Even when the lyrics of Blok spoke, it would seem, only about the private, intimate, personal, because in it, through the personal, the unique, the great, the world breaks through. “Unity with the world” - this motive, common to all of Blok's lyrics, is extremely important for understanding the meaning of Blok's works, his work, even going beyond the immediate response to this or that event.

The poet, explored many areas of human relations and experiences, experienced the whole cycle of feelings, passions, aspirations, matured and tempered in trials and struggles - all this constitutes the content of that “novel in verse”, which is Blok’s lyrics, taken as a whole: I bless everything that was, I was not looking for a better share.

O heart, how much you loved! Oh mind, how you burned! Let both happiness and torment Leave their bitter mark, But in a passionate storm, in a long boredom - I have not lost the former light ...

Motifs of A. A. Blok's lyrics

Oh, I want to live crazy

Everything that exists - perpetuate,

Impersonal - to humanize,

Unfulfilled - to embody!

The work of Alexander Blok, the great poet of the early 20th century, is one of the most remarkable phenomena in Russian poetry. By the power of talent, passion for defending his views and positions, by the depth of penetration into life, by the desire to answer the biggest and most pressing questions of our time, by the significance of innovative discoveries that have become an invaluable asset of Russian poetry, Blok is one of those figures of our art who make up his pride and glory.

What attracts me to Blok's poetry? First of all, the fact that all the phenomena of the surrounding world and all the events of history, all the legends of the centuries, people's grief, dreams of the future - everything that became the subject of experiences and food for thought, Blok translated into the language of lyrics and, above all, perceived as lyrics. Even Russia itself was for him a “lyrical magnitude”, and this “magnitude” was so huge that it did not immediately fit into the framework of his work.

It is also extremely important that the big patriotic theme, the theme of the Motherland and its destinies, enters Blok’s lyrics simultaneously with the theme of the revolution, which captures the poet to the most hidden depths of his soul and gave rise to a system of completely new feelings, experiences, aspirations that arose as if during lightning discharges, in their dazzling light - and the theme of the Motherland becomes the main and most important in Blok's work. One of his most “remarkable poems, written during the days of the 1905 revolution and inspired by it, is “Autumn Will”. In this poem, which will be followed by the Motherland cycle, huge in its inner meaning and artistic perfection, those experiences and the poet's thoughts, which gave his lyrics new and unusually important features.

All the same, the former, and at the same time a completely different beauty of his native land was revealed to the poet in the most inconspicuous for the “foreign gaze” plain, which does not strike with either bright colors or variegated colors, calm and monotonous, but irresistibly attractive in the eyes of a Russian person, as the poet acutely felt and conveyed in his poem: I go out on the road, open to my eyes, The wind bends the resilient bushes, The broken stone lay down on the slopes, The yellow clay is meager layers.

Autumn roamed in the wet valleys, It exposed the cemeteries of the earth, But thick mountain ash in the passing villages The red color will dawn from afar ...

It would seem that everything is monotonous, familiar, has long been familiar in these “wet valleys”, but in them the poet saw something new, unexpected and as if echoing the rebellious, young, perky that he felt in himself; in the severity and even scarcity of the open space that opened before him, he recognized his own, dear, close, grasping the heart - and could not help but respond to the red color of the mountain ash, reddening in front of him, calling somewhere and pleasing with new promises that the poet had not heard before. That is why he experiences such an unprecedented upsurge of inner strength, the charm and beauty of the fields and slopes of his native land appeared before him in a new way: Here it is, my fun, dancing And ringing, ringing, disappearing in the bushes! And in the distance, in the distance, your patterned, your colored sleeve invitingly waves.

Before him there are real forests, fields, slopes, he is attracted by the path that disappears in the distance. This is exactly what the poet says in his “Autumn Will” with some kind of inspired joy, bright sadness and extraordinary breadth, as if accommodating the entire native expanse: Will I sing about my luck, How I ruined my youth in hops ...

I will cry over the sadness of my fields, I will love your expanse forever ...

The feeling that scorches the heart of the poet and his work, invariably mixed with every thought, every experience, is, in addition to love for the Motherland, and love for the mother. Mother, in the feat of whose son the radiance of the sun itself is seen, and let this feat cost the son of his whole life - the mother’s heart is overwhelmed with “golden joy”, for the filial light defeated the surrounding darkness, reigns over her: The son did not forget his own mother: The son returned to die.

His lyrics became stronger than himself. This is most clearly expressed in his love poems. No matter how much he kept saying that the women we love were made of cardboard, against his will he saw in them the stars, felt in them extraterrestrial distances, and - no matter how much he himself laughed at it - every woman in his love poems combined for him with clouds, sunsets, dawns, each opened gaps in the Other, that's why he creates his first cycle - “Poems about the Beautiful Lady”. The Beautiful Lady is the embodiment of eternal femininity, the eternal ideal of beauty. The lyrical hero is a servant of the Beautiful Lady, waiting for the coming transformation of life.

Hopes for the advent of "eternal femininity" testify to Blok's dissatisfaction with reality: I foresee You. Years pass by...

The beautiful Lady, one and unchanging in her perfection, in her wondrous charm, at the same time constantly changes features and appears before her knight and servant either “Virgin, Dawn”, then “Wife clothed in the sun”, and this is what the poet calls to her. in the expectation of the times foretold in ancient and sacred books: To you, whose Twilight was so bright, Whose voice calls with quietness, - Raise the arches of heaven The ever-falling vault.

Love itself collects ideal, heavenly features in the eyes of the poet, and in his beloved he sees not an ordinary earthly girl, but the hypostasis of a deity. In the verses about the Beautiful Lady, the poet sings of her and endows her with all the attributes of divinity - such as immortality, infinity, omnipotence, wisdom incomprehensible to an earthly person - the poet sees all this in his Beautiful Lady, who now “goes to earth in an incorruptible body”.

Even when the lyrics of Blok spoke, it would seem, only about the private, intimate, personal, because in it, through the personal, the unique, the great, the world breaks through. “Unity with the world” - this motive, common to all of Blok's lyrics, is extremely important for understanding the meaning of Blok's works, his work, even going beyond the immediate response to this or that event.

The poet, explored many areas of human relations and experiences, experienced the whole cycle of feelings, passions, aspirations, matured and tempered in trials and struggles - all this constitutes the content of that “novel in verse”, which is Blok’s lyrics, taken as a whole: I bless everything that was, I was not looking for a better share.

O heart, how much you loved! Oh mind, how you burned! Let both happiness and torment Leave their bitter mark, But in a passionate storm, in a long boredom - I have not lost the former light ...

Bibliography

For the preparation of this work, materials from the site http://www.coolsoch.ru/ were used.

The main motives, images and symbols of A. Blok's lyrics

The outstanding Russian poet Alexander Alexandrovich Blok (1880-1921) became an idol for both Symbolists, Acmeists, and all subsequent generations of Russian poets.

At the beginning of his poetic path, the mystical romanticism of Vasily Zhukovsky's work was closest to him. This "singer of nature" with his poems taught the young poet purity and elation of feelings, knowledge of the beauty of the surrounding world, unity with God, faith in the possibility of penetrating beyond the earthly. Far from the theoretical philosophical doctrines, the poetry of romanticism, A. Blok was prepared to perceive the basic principles of the art of symbolism.

Zhukovsky's lessons were not in vain: the "sharp mystical and romantic experiences" fostered by him riveted Blok's attention in 1901 ᴦ. to the work of the poet and philosopher Vladimir Solovyov, who was the recognized "spiritual father" of the younger generation of Russian symbolists (A. Blok, A. Bely, S. Solovyov, Vyach. Ivanov, etc.). The ideological basis of his teaching was the dream of the kingdom of divine power, which arises from the modern world, which is mired in evil and sins. He can be saved by the World Soul, the Eternal Femininity, which arises as a kind of synthesis of harmony, beauty, goodness, the spiritual essence of all living things, the new Mother of God. This Solovyov theme is central to Blok's early poems, which were included in his first collection Poems about the Beautiful Lady (1904). Although the poems were based on a real living feeling of love for the bride, with time - the poet's wife - L. D. Mendel-eeva, the lyrical theme, illuminated in the spirit of the Soloviev ideal, acquires the sound of the theme of sacred love. O. Blok develops the thesis that in personal love world love is revealed, and love for the universe is realized through love for women. For this reason, the concrete image is covered by the abstract figures of the Eternally Young Wife, the Lady of the Universe, etc. The poet bows before the Beautiful Lady - the personification of eternal beauty and harmony. In "Poems about the Beautiful Lady", there are no doubt signs of symbolism. Plato's idea of ​​opposing two worlds- earthly, dark and joyless, and distant, unknown and beautiful, the holiness of the elevated unearthly ideals of the lyrical hero, he was led to them, a decisive break with the surrounding life, the cult of Beauty - the most important features of this artistic direction, found a vivid embodiment in the early work of Blok.

Already in the first works were the main features of the poetic manner block: musical and song structure, attraction to sound and color expressiveness, metaphorical language, complex structure of the image - everything that the theorists of symbolism called impressionistic element, considering it an important component of the aesthetics of symbolism. All this determined the success of Blok's first book. Like most symbolists, Blok was convinced that everything that happens on earth is only a reflection, a sign, a "shadow" of what exists in other, spiritual worlds. Accordingly, words, language turn out to be "signs of signs", "shadows of shadows" for him. In their "earthly" meanings, he always looks at "heavenly" and "eternal". All the meanings of Blok's symbols are sometimes very difficult to reread, and this is an important feature of his poetics. The artist is convinced that something “incomprehensible”, “secret” must always remain in the symbol, which cannot be conveyed either by scientific or everyday language. At the same time, another thing is also characteristic of the Blok symbol: no matter how ambiguous it is, it always retains its first - earthly and concrete - meaning, bright emotional coloring, immediacy of perception and feelings.

Also in early poems of the poet features such as tension of lyrical feeling, passion and confession. This was the basis of Blok's future conquests as a poet: unstoppable maximalism and unchanging sincerity. At the same time, the last section of the collection contained such verses as "From the Newspapers", "Factory", etc., which testified to the emergence of civic sentiments.

If "Poems about the Beautiful Lady" was liked, first of all, by the symbolists, then the second book of poems " unexpected joy"(1907) made his name popular with the general public. This collection includes poems from 1904-1906. and among them are such masterpieces as "The Stranger", "The Girl Sang in the Church Choir...", "Autumn Will", etc. The book testified to the highest level of Blok's skill, the sound magic of his poetry captivated the reader. Significantly the theme of his lyrics also changed. Block Hero acted no longer as a hermit monk, but as a resident noisy city streets who eagerly peers into life. In the collection, the poet expressed his attitude to social problems, the spiritual atmosphere of society. deepened in his mind gap between romantic dream and reality. These poems of the poet displayed impressions from the events of the revolution of 1905-1907,"Which was witnessed by the poet. And the poem "Autumn Will" became the first embodiment of the theme of the motherland, Russia in the work of Blok. The poet intuitively discovered in this topic the most dear and intimate for him.

The defeat of the first Russian revolution had a decisive impact not only on the fate of the entire poetic school of symbolism, but also on the personal fate of each of its supporters. A distinctive feature of Blok's creativity in the post-revolutionary years is strengthening citizenship. 1906-1907. was a period of reassessment of values.

During this period, Blok's understanding of the essence of artistic creativity, the appointment of the artist and the role of art in the life of society are changing. If in the early cycles of poems the lyrical hero of Blok appeared as a hermit, a knight of the Beautiful Lady, an individualist, then over time he spoke about the obligation of the artist to the era, to the people. The change in Blok's social views was also reflected in his work. At the center of his lyrics is a hero looking for strong ties with other people, realizing the dependence of his fate on the common fate of the people. The cycle of "free thoughts" from the collection "Earth in the Snow" (1908), especially the poems "On Death" and "In the North Sea", shows a tendency to democratize the work of this poet͵ ĸᴏᴛᴏᴩᴏᴇ is displayed in the state of mind of the lyrical hero, in the worldview, and in the end, in the lyrical structure of the author's language.

However, a feeling of despondency, emptiness, complicated by personal motives, fill the lines of his poems. Began awareness of the environment reality as a "terrible world", which disfigures and destroys a Man. Born in romanticism, the theme of a collision with the world of evil and violence, traditional for classical literature, found a brilliant successor in A. Blok. Blok concentrates the psychological drama of personality and the philosophy of being in the historical and social sphere, feeling first of all On the one hand, he strives to change society, and on the other hand, he is frightened by the decline of spirituality, the elements of cruelty that increasingly engulfed the country (the cycle "On the Kulikovo Field" (1909)). image of a lyrical hero, crisis man who lost faith in the old values, considering them dead, lost forever, and did not find new ones. Blok's poems of these years are filled with pain and bitterness for tormented destinies, a curse on a tough terrible world, the search for saving points of support in a destroyed universe and gloomy hopelessness and found hope, faith in the future. Those that were included in the cycles "Snow Mask", "Scary World", "Dances of Death", "Atonement" are rightly considered the best of what was written by Blok during the heyday and maturity of his talent.

The topic of human death in a terrible world was covered by Blok significantly. wider and deeper than his predecessors, however, at the top of the sound of this topic is the motive for overcoming evil, which is important for understanding Blok's entire work. This, first of all, manifested itself in the theme of the motherland, Russia, in the theme of finding a new destiny for Blok's hero, who seeks to bridge the gap between the people and that part of the intelligentsia to which he belonged. In 1907-1916 he. a cycle of poems "Motherland" was created, where the paths of development of Russia are comprehended, the image of which appears either attractively fabulous, full of magical powers, or terribly bloody, causing anxiety for the future.

It can be said that the gallery of female images-symbols in Blok's lyrics, in the end, finds its organic continuation and logical conclusion: Beautiful Lady - Stranger - Snow Mask - Faina - Carmen - Russia. Nevertheless, the poet himself insisted later that each next image is not just a transformation of the previous one, but, first of all, the embodiment of a new type of the author’s worldview at the next stage of his creative development.

The poetry of A. Blok is a kind of mirror, which reflects the hopes, disappointments and drama of the era of the late 19th - early 20th centuries. Symbolic saturation, romantic elation and realistic concreteness helped the writer to discover a complex and multifaceted image of the world.

A.A. Block. The main motives of the lyrics

Far and near at the same time he was our era ... He was looking for a merger with the cosmos, and not with humanity. He lived with a premonition of mystery and wonder ... P.S. Kogan

For creativityA.A. Blok (1880-1921) were seriously influenced by Russian romantic poetry, Russian folklore, and the philosophy of Vladimir Solovyov. A strong feeling for L.D. also left a significant mark on his poetry. Mendeleeva, who became his wife in 1903. Blok's lyrics act as a single work deployed in time:“... I am firmly convinced that this is due and that all the poems together are a “trilogy of incarnation” (from a moment of too bright light - through the necessary swampy forest - to despair, curses, “retribution” and ... to the birth of a “public ", an artist who courageously looks into the face of the world ...)" , - this is how Blok characterized the stages of his creative path and the content of the books that made up the trilogy.

The wind brought from afar
Songs of spring hint
Somewhere light and deep
The sky opened up.

In this bottomless azure
In the twilight of near spring
Weeping winter storms
There were starry dreams.

Timidly, darkly and deeply
My strings were crying.
The wind brought from afar
Sound songs are yours.

I anticipate you...

And the heavy dream of worldly consciousness

You will shake off, yearning and loving.

Vl. Solovyov

I anticipate you. Years pass by

All in the guise of one I foresee You.

The whole horizon is on fire - and unbearably clear,

And silently I wait, longing and loving.

The whole horizon is on fire, and the appearance is near,

But I'm afraid: you will change your appearance,

And daringly arouse suspicion,

Replacing the usual features at the end.

Oh, how I fall - both sadly and lowly,

Not having overcome deadly dreams!

How clear is the horizon! And radiance is near.

But I'm afraid: you will change your appearance.

I enter dark temples

I perform a poor ritual.

There I am waiting for the Beautiful Lady

In the flickering of red lamps.

In the shadow of a tall column

I tremble at the creak of doors.

And he looks into my face, illumined,

Only an image, only a dream about Her.

Oh I'm used to these robes

Majestic Eternal Wife!

Run high on the ledges

Smiles, fairy tales and dreams.

Oh, Holy One, how gentle are the candles,

How pleasing are Your features!

I hear neither sighs nor speeches,

But I believe: Honey - You.

I'm scared to meet you.It's scarier not to meet you.I started to wonderI caught a seal on everything.Shadows walk down the streetI don't know if they live or sleep.Clinging to the church stepsI'm afraid to look back.They put their hands on my shoulders,But I don't remember the names.Sounds are heard in the earsA recent big funeral.And the gloomy sky is low -Covered the temple itself.I know you are here. You are close.You are not here. Are you there.

However, social motives were also reflected in the first volume of poems. In the cycle "Crossroads" (1903), the finalfirst volume , the theme of the Beautiful Lady is connected with social motives - the poet seems to turn to face other people and notice their grief, the imperfection of the world in which they live (“Factory”, “From the Newspapers”, “A sick man trudged along the shore”, etc.)

In the neighboring house, the windows are zholta.
In the evenings - in the evenings
Thoughtful bolts creak,
People come to the gate.

And the gates are closed,
And on the wall - and on the wall
Motionless someone, black someone
He counts people in silence.

I hear everything from my top:
He calls with a brass voice
To bend tormented backs
The people gathered below.

They will enter and scatter
Coolies will be piled on their backs.
And in the yellow windows they will laugh,
What these beggars spent.

"From the newspapers" Alexander Blok

I got up in radiance. Baptized children.
And the children saw a joyful dream.
She laid it down, bowing her head to the floor,
Last earthly bow.

Kolya woke up. He sighed happily
Blue dream is still happy in reality.
The glass rumble rolled and froze:
The jingling door slammed downstairs.

Hours passed. a man came
With a tin plaque on a warm hat.
A man knocked and waited at the door.
Nobody opened. Played hide and seek.

There were cheerful frosty Christmas time.

They hid my mother's red scarf.
She left in a scarf in the morning.
Today I left a handkerchief at home:
The children hid it in the corners.

Twilight crept up. Baby shadows
They jumped on the wall in the light of lanterns.
Someone was walking up the stairs, counting the steps.
Counted. And cried. And knocked at the door.

The children listened. They opened the doors.
The fat neighbor brought them cabbage soup.
She said, "Eat." Got on my knees
And, bowing like a mother, she baptized the children.

Mommy doesn't hurt, pink kids.
Mommy lay down on the rails herself.
Good man, fat neighbor,
Thank you, thank you. Mom couldn't...

Mom is good. Mom died.

A sick man trudged along the shore.

Beside him crawled a string of carts.

A booth was brought to the smoking city,

Beautiful gypsies and drunken gypsies.

And poured jokes, squealed from the carts.

And a man was dragging along with a bag.

He moaned and asked for a ride to the village.

The gypsy girl gave her swarthy hand.

And he ran up, hobbling as best he could,

And he threw a heavy bag into the cart.

And he overstrained himself, and foam at the lips.

The gypsy woman took his corpse in a cart.

I sat with me in a cart in a row,

And the dead man swayed and fell face down.

And with the song of freedom carried to the village.

And she gave her dead husband to his wife.

Also in this cycle, a Hamlet motif appears (“Song of Ophelia”).

Parting with a sweet girl,

Friend, you swore to love me! ..

Leaving for a hateful land,

Keep this oath!

There, behind happy Denmark,

Your shores are in the mist...

Val angry, talkative

Washes the tears on the rock...

Dear warrior will not return

All dressed in silver...

It will shake heavily in the coffin

Bow and black feather...

Looking closely at the world around him, the lyrical hero notices his troubles, comes to the conclusion that life in this world is ruled by the elements. This new perspective is reflected insecond volume , in the cycles: "Unexpected Joy" (1907), "Free Thoughts" (1907), "Snow Mask" (1907), "Earth in the Snow" (1908), "Night Hours" (1911). In parallel with these cycles, A. Blok creates a number of lyrical dramas: "Puppet Show", "Stranger" (1906), "Song of Fate" (1908), "Rose and Cross" (1913). Creationsecond volume coincided with the revolutionary events in the country. The poet's thoughts about the fate of the Motherland resulted inpoems about Russia , about his attitude to her past, present and future (“Autumn Will”, “Rus”, “Russia”, etc.).

"Autumn Will" Alexander Blok

I go out on the road, open to the eyes,
The wind bends the elastic bushes,
The broken stone lay down on the slopes,
Yellow clay meager layers.

Autumn roamed in the wet valleys,
She laid bare the cemeteries of the earth,
But thick mountain ash in passing villages
The red color will dawn from afar.

Here it is, my fun, dancing
And ringing, ringing, missing in the bushes!
And far, far away waving invitingly
Your patterned, your colored sleeve.

Who lured me to the familiar path,
Smiled at me through the prison window?
Or - drawn by a stone way
A beggar singing psalms?

No, I'm going on a path not called by anyone,
And let the earth be easy for me!
I will listen to the voice of Russia drunk,
Rest under the roof of a tavern.

Will I sing about my luck
How I ruined my youth in hops ...
I will cry over the sadness of your fields,
I will love your space forever ...

There are many of us - free, young, stately -
Dies without love...
Shelter you in the vast expanses!
How to live and cry without you!

RUSSIA

You are extraordinary even in a dream.

I won't touch your clothes.

And in secret - you will rest, Russia.

Russia is surrounded by rivers

And surrounded by wilds,

With swamps and cranes,

And with the cloudy gaze of a sorcerer,

Where are the diverse peoples

From edge to edge, from valley to valley

Conduct night dances

Under the glow of burning villages.

Where is the sorcerers with a fortune tellerI am mi

Enchant cereals in the fields

And witches amuse themselves with devils

In road snow pillars.

Where the blizzard sweeps violently

Up to the roof - fragile housing,

And girl on an evil friend

Under the snow it sharpens more sharply.

Where are all the ways and all the crossroads

Exhausted with a living stick,

And a whirlwind whistling in the bare bars,

Sings the legends of old...

So - I learned in my slumber

Country native poverty,

And in the patches of her rags

Souls hide nakedness.

Path sad, night

I trampled to the graveyard,

And there, in the cemetery, spending the night,

I sang songs for a long time.

And he did not understand, did not measure,

To whom did I dedicate the songs,

What god did you passionately believe in?

What girl did you love?

I rocked a living soul,

Russia, you are in your expanses,

And behold - she did not stain

original purity.

I doze - and behind the slumber is a mystery,

And Russia rests in secret.

She is extraordinary in dreams,

I won't touch her clothes.

Russia
Again, as in the golden years,
Three worn out harnesses fray,
And painted knitting needles
In loose ruts...
Russia, impoverished Russia,
I have your gray huts,
Your songs are windy for me, -
Like the first tears of love!
I can't pity you
And I carefully carry my cross ...
What kind of sorcerer do you want
Give me the rogue beauty!
Let him lure and deceive, -
You won't disappear, you won't die
And only care will cloud
Your beautiful features...
Well? One more concern -
With one tear the river is noisier
And you are still the same - forest, yes field,
Yes, patterned to the eyebrows ...
And the impossible is possible
The road is long and easy
When it shines in the distance of the road
Instant glance from under the scarf,
When ringing melancholy guarded
The deaf song of the coachman! ..

The lyrical hero of Blok is connected with the Motherland by inextricable ties. The poet creates the initial image of Russia in line with the folklore tradition: Russia is a mysterious, semi-fairy land, surrounded by forests and surrounded by wilds,"with swamps and cranes and with the cloudy gaze of a sorcerer" ("Rus", 1906). However, this imagefluid : already in the poem "Russia" (1908), the image of the ancient land is imperceptibly transformed into a female image:"to whatever sorcerer you want, give the robbery beauty" . The lyrical hero is convinced that Russia is not afraid of anything, that she is able to withstand any trials ("You will not be lost, you will not perish" ). The lyrical hero confesses his love for the Motherland, with which"and the impossible is possible" . A special place in Blok's lyrics is occupied bycycle "On the field of Kulikovo" (1908). The poet believed that history repeats itself, so it is necessary to comprehend its lessons:“The Battle of Kulikovo belongs to the symbolic events... Such events are destined to return. Their solution is yet to come." The lyrical hero of this cycle is both an ancient Russian warrior who is preparing for a mortal battle, and a philosopher reflecting on the fate of Russia: “... Painfully / The long way is clear to us! / Our path - with an arrow of the Tatar ancient will / Pierced our chest" . In spite of"blood and dust" despite the threat"mist - night and foreign" , foreshadowing trouble"sunset in blood" , the lyrical hero does not think of his life separately from Russia. To emphasize the inseparability of fate - his own and the Motherland - Blok resorts to a bold metaphor, unusual for the traditional perception of his native land - the poet calls Russia "wife":“Oh, my Russia! My wife!" . The cycle ends on an alarming note: the“beginning / of lofty and rebellious days /… No wonder the clouds have gathered” . The epigraph prefaced by the fifth part of the cycle is also not accidental:“And the mist of irresistible troubles / The coming day was clouded (V. Solovyov)” . Blok's forebodings turned out to be prophetic: revolutions, repressions and wars regularly shook our country throughout the entire 20th century. Really,And eternal battle! Rest only in our dreams…" . However, the great poet believed in Russia's ability to overcome all trials:"Let the night. Let's get home ... " . Acutely perceiving social upheavals, Blok experiences a premonition of an impending catastrophe. His tragic attitudeespecially evident inCycle "Scary World" (1910-1916), openingthird volume . In the "terrible world" there is no love, no healthy human feelings, no future ("Night, street, lamp, pharmacy ..." (1912)).

"Scary World" Theme sounds incycles "Retribution", "Yamba" . Retribution in the interpretation of Blok is the judgment of one's own conscience: the retribution for those who have betrayed their destiny, succumbing to the destructive influence of the "terrible world", is fatigue from life, inner emptiness, spiritual death. In the Yamba cycle, the idea that retribution threatens the entire “terrible world” sounds. And yet the lyrical hero does not lose faith in the victory of light over darkness, he is directed to the future:Oh, I want to live insanely: All that exists - to perpetuate, Impersonal - to humanize, Unfulfilled - to embody! The theme of Russia also continues here. The fate of the Motherland for the lyrical hero is inseparable from his own fate ("My Russia, my life, can we toil together? .." , 1910). A. Blok was deeply convinced that they did not choose their homeland, he was able to love Russia, terrible, ugly in its lack of spirituality - recall the poem “To sin shamelessly, soundly” (1914):To sin shamelessly, soundly, To lose count of the nights and days, And, with a head of hops difficult, Walk sideways to God's temple. Bow down three times, Seven - cross yourself, Secretly to the spat on the floor Hot touch your forehead. Putting a copper penny on a plate, Three, and even seven times in a row Kiss the hundred-year-old, poor And kissed salary. And when you return home, measure Someone for the same penny, And a hungry dog ​​from the door, Hiccup, push with your foot. And under the lamp near the icon Drink tea, snapping off the bill, Then spit on the coupons, Having opened the chest of drawers, And on downy featherbeds In a heavy dream to fall ... Yes, and such, my Russia, You are dearer to me than all the edges. August 26, 1914

Lyrics by A. Blok extraordinarilymusical . According to the poet, music is the inner essence of the world.“The soul of a real person is the most complex and most melodious musical instrument...” , - Blok believed, - therefore, all human actions - from extraordinary ups to falling into the abyss of the "terrible world" - are manifestations of a person's loyalty or infidelity to the "spirit of music". Like all symbolists, A. Blok attached particular importance to the rhythmic-melodic pattern of the work. Ver libre and iambic, white verse and anapaest are widely represented in his poetic arsenal of versification tools. Block also attached great importance tobloom . For his work, color is a means of symbolic representation of the world. Primary colors in Blok's poetry- white and black, due to aestheticssymbolism , considering the world as a contrasting combination of the ideal and the real, the earthly and the heavenly. White color primarily symbolizes holiness, purity, detachment. Most often, the white color is found in the first volume - images-symbols of purity, purity and unattainability are associated with it (for example: white birds, white dress, white lilies). Gradually, the white color acquires other meanings:

1) passion, liberation:Silvery, snowy hops I'll get drunk and get drunk? With a heart devoted to blizzards, I'll fly away to the heights of the sky. Ah, lost count of weeks In a whirlwind of white beauty!??1906-1907 2) death, death:<…>But she does not hear - Hears - does not look, Quiet - does not breathe, White - is silent ... She does not ask for food ... The wind whistles through the crack. How I love to listen to the blizzard flute! Wind, snowy north, You are my old friend! Give a fan to your young wife! Give her a white dress like you! Put Snow flowers on her bed! You gave me grief, Clouds, and snow... Give her dawns, Beads, pearls! To be elegant And, like snow, white! So that I look greedily From that corner!.. Sweeter sing you, blizzard, Into the snow pipe, So that my friend sleeps In an ice coffin!<…>December 1906

The frequency of using white decreases as Blok's poetry develops from symbolism to the realism of the "terrible world" and revolution, and the use of black increases. The black color in Blok's lyrics symbolizes obsession, fury, tragedy, despair, restlessness:

1) In the soul, spring wakes her spring, But the mind is squeezed by the black devil ... 2) A slave, mad and submissive Until the time I hide and wait Under this look, too black. In my flaming delirium... 3) Only the wild black wind Shaking my house...

Black color is also a sign of philosophical understanding of life - a sign of monastic service, and a symbol of the fullness of life:

1) I am an exemplary brother to sad brothers, And I carry a black cassock, When in the morning with a faithful gait I sweep away dew from pale grasses. 2) And black, earthly blood Promises us, inflating the veins, Destroying the frontiers, Unheard-of changes, Unseen revolts...

There are other color symbols in Blok's lyrics, due to the traditions of medieval aesthetics, which the poet followed in his work: Yellow is a sign of vulgarity, social injustice, hostile force; Blue is a sign of betrayal, the fragility of a dream, poetic inspiration. The poetic perfection of the lyrics of A. Blok allowed him to take an honorable place among the Russian classics who created great Russian literature.