Honorary title of mother. Rules for receiving awards. What a medal looks like

You can talk endlessly about the role of mother in a person's life. Numerous autobiographical stories support this significant role. Not only to give birth, to support, but also to educate a worthy citizen of the state is not an easy task.

USSR medals

Not every woman in the Soviet years, and now, is awarded the title of "Mother Heroine". One of the categories "Medals of the USSR" - the medal of motherhood, appeared in 1944 thanks to the Decree of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. This date coincided with the Orthodox holiday of the family, which has again acquired relevance in modern Russia. In addition to the medal of motherhood, the title of "Mother-Heroine" was awarded, a system of awards of the Soviet Union, extraordinary for the union of 15 republics. At the beginning of 1940, those who gave birth and upbringing of five or more children were honored with this honor.

Classification of awards

In the event that a woman gave birth to five children, she was entitled to the award "Medal of motherhood of the 2nd degree". Those who have 7-9 children were awarded the Order of Maternal Glory of the third, second, first degrees. Provided that the woman gave birth and raised 6 children - "Medal of motherhood of the 1st degree".

The peak of the mother's feat was proclaimed the birth of ten babies or more. In such cases, a Soviet woman was honored with the Mother Heroine Order with the conferring of the honorary title of the same name. The authors of the artistic projects of the Orders for Mothers were:

1. N.N. Zhukov (project of the USSR medal - "Maternity Medal").
2. I.I. Dubasov ("Mother's Glory").
3. I.A. Ganf is the author of the Mother Heroine Order.

Orders to Mother Heroines

The Mother Heroine Order was a convex five-pointed star set against a background of silver beams. The Order of Maternal Glory has an oval shape and a silvery shade. On the upper section, a red banner flutters with the words "Maternal Glory" and the number of the degree. In the left sector - a woman with a child and roses. Below the banner - a white enamel shield with the words "USSR". The last is made of metal in the form of a bow, painted with white enamel with a blue stripe. The order of the second degree is bright blue.

Orders of "Maternal Glory" had 3 degrees. Simultaneously with the assignment of these awards, a system of measures came into force. It consisted in helping women on maternity leave, single mothers. A lot of funds were spent on establishing benefits and allowances, lump sum payments, protecting children and mothers, creating a network of kindergartens, schools, etc.

Mothers-heroines. Who are they

The title "Mother Heroine" was first awarded on October 27, 1944. This title was awarded to 14 Soviet women. Mother-heroine No. 1 was A.S. Aleksakhina. All eight of her sons were at the front, 4 of them died, 2 died of wounds, having already come from the front. The second order bearer was the Tula housewife M.M. Ryzhkov. Of her ten children, 7 were in the war - six sons and a daughter.

A resident of the city on the Neva, S.V. Ignatieva, also earned the title of "Mother Heroine". Four sons of Serafima Vasilievna fought for the Motherland. 3 daughters remained in the besieged city. The entire Ignatiev family worked at the defense enterprise of the besieged city. All 7 children were awarded the "For the Defense of Leningrad" award.

Few people know that A.A. holds a special place in the history of mothers-heroines. Derevskaya. She is the only mother-heroine in the USSR who raised 48 children! And the basis of the family was not kinship, but love and compassion. While the First continued world War, she worked in a hospital. There, her fate brought her to the Red Guard Emelya Derevsky. They soon got married, but Emelyan was shot by the White Guards.

In 1918, young Alexandra became a foster mother. Her adoptive firstborn was ten-year-old Timofey - the brother of her late husband. The second adopted baby was also a boy, Derevskaya picked him up right on the street. The baby lay wrapped in diapers near the body of the deceased mother. The autobiography of the Derevsky family, like a mirror, reflected all the tragic events experienced by the Soviet state for half a century. In the interval between Civil war and the war with Nazi Germany Derevskaya Alexandra raised 14 children.

In the period 1941-1945. acquired a new parental home for 17 Leningrad orphans and 18 children from other parts of the USSR. In 1950, 36 children were brought up in the Derevsky house. All the children from the Derevsky family grew up good people... The legendary mother-heroine died in 1959, she was 57 years old. The following epitaph is engraved on her grave: "You are our conscience, our prayer is mother."

The last time in history was the awarding of the title of mother-heroines on November 14, 1991 (by decree of President M.S.Gorbachev). Medals of the USSR (medal of motherhood of the first and second degrees) also went down in history. In just 47 years, 431,000 mothers have been awarded this order.

In the 90s in Russia they were awarded the Order of Merit to the Fatherland or the Order of Friendship. In 2009, the Order of Parental Glory was established. It is awarded to parents raising 4 and more children.

Tenderness and affection, love and care are associated with a person dear to the heart. For many, a mother is the closest and dearest person who will understand under any circumstances, accept in any conditions and forgive any mistakes.

This is a man with a huge heart, ready to sacrifice himself for the sake of his children. In addition to grateful smiles and mutual love of children, which are considered the most expensive award for a woman, she is also entitled to an honorary title from the state. In what case can a woman in modern society count on a special status? How many children should the mother-heroine raise, and not just give birth to?

History of the title

For the first time, the need to note the merits of a mother who is capable of giving birth, raising and meekly giving her children to the state was felt at the end of the Second World War, back in 1944. The Soviet leaders, without suspecting it themselves, established the high rank and the order "Mother Heroine" which was due on July 8th. According to the Orthodox calendar, it is considered Valentine's Day, which is also celebrated as Family Day. The latter is revered in memory of the Murom saints Peter and Fevronia, known for their loyalty and love for each other, who stood despite the prohibitions both during their life and after their death.

Initially, the question was how many children the mother-heroine should give birth to and raise to her feet in order to receive the distinctive title. The plans were to reward communist women who gave birth and raised more than 10 children, one from each friendly republic of the USSR. But those were not found, because those taking care of so many children were not up to joining the party and not up to party concerns.

Which woman was the first to receive status?

It was not for nothing that they remembered mothers at the end of the war. Given the huge losses, it was necessary to improve the demographic situation in the country.

They were looking for worthy applicants all over the country. The award ceremony was timed to coincide with the anniversary of the revolution. Orders were awarded to those mothers who, having given birth and raised more than 10 children, lost their sons and daughters at the front. The first woman to receive the order was Anna Savelievna Aleksakhina, who had 12 children, of whom 8 fought for their homeland at the front, and four of them laid down their heads in battles. This order was given to the State Historical Museum by the children of Anna Savelyevna. In the museum's funds, if you wish, you can look at the first award in the state. The awarding ceremony took place in the Kremlin with all the honors. The greatest joy for the family was the increase in living space in the barracks, where the large family lived. After the war, a year later, they were given two whole rooms, allowing them to settle in spacious apartments, but their life cannot be called easy: the time was hungry and difficult.

What benefits did women have in the past?

A woman was awarded an honorary title if the youngest child reached one year of age, and all older children at the time of assignment of a special status had to be alive. Women with many children soviet time tangible help was relied on, and this applied not only to those who had the title of "mother-heroine". How many children did you need to raise for this?

With the birth of their third child, the state already supported the family. These are both good child benefits and an increase in maternity leave. And also this is registration out of line in a nursery and a reduced fee for kindergarten, free meals at school.

And women awarded with the order retired five years earlier, had free travel on public transport upon retirement and significant benefits when paying utility bills. A separate living space is the main privilege of mothers-heroines, to which they had the right to claim even after the older children reached the age of majority. No one dared to remove such a woman from the queue for housing, so she was guaranteed to receive apartments assigned by the state.

As celebrated the labor of the heroine mother today

The last awarding of the order took place on November 14, 1991. With the collapse of the USSR, they forgot about the merits of mothers and preferred to forget about the benefits for them for a long time. In some regions, they tried to single out women who decided on such a feat of motherhood, marking them with a medal "For Merit to the Fatherland" or the Order of Friendship. But they did not give benefits and did not reflect the main essence of the high rank.

How many children does the heroine mother have today? What are its costs of educating worthy citizens? Realizing the relevance of issues within modern Russia, legislators drew attention to the demographic situation and the invaluable role of a woman who selflessly devotes herself to motherhood. The Mother Heroine Order was not returned, but a new award for heroic parents exists in modern Russia - the Order of Parental Glory. An honorary diploma is also attached to it. But is that enough?

How many children should a mother-heroine have in Russia in order to obtain status?

Established in 2008, a new honorary state award is awarded to parents who have raised 4-7 children. They may not necessarily be born children, but adopted children are also taken into account. The Orthodox community also made its contribution and established the Order of Saints Peter and Fevronia of Murom, since 2007 they have been honored worthy in six nominations. This award is given to mothers whose children have become heroes of Russia, as well as whole families, collectives and outstanding personalities who have made a huge contribution to strengthening the institution of the family in Russia.

What are the benefits and rights of modern mothers-heroines?

Mothers who have undertaken the difficult work of upbringing and round-the-clock care in large families enjoy benefits that do not exist in all regions. Organs local government in a number of areas provided:

Discount on utilities from 30%;
free travel on public transport;
registration out of turn for a child in a preschool institution;
for those wishing to organize their own business (farm, small commercial enterprise) exemption from taxes is provided for a certain period of time, and in the future you can count on loyal taxation, an interest-free loan for the development of the enterprise;
subsidies, benefits in housing construction.

But the main help is maternity capital, which allows a woman to wisely use funds that can become the foundation of a woman's financial independence. Her future prosperity depends on how wisely she uses this opportunity.

Mother Heroine Status: Privileges in Ukraine

How are things in Ukraine? Women who have given birth or adopted, according to the legislation of the country, 5 or more children and raised them up to 6 years of age, have the right to rely on retirement support for special services to the state, and upon reaching the age of 8 children - on the honorary title of "Mother Heroine" , which is confirmed by the head of state. Able to make the mother-heroine happy how many children? Ukraine is a country that deeply respects the role of a mother with many children in society. Such women have the right to:
one-time remuneration in the form of ten times the subsistence minimum in the state;
providing housing in the first place;
can count on a 25% supplement to their basic pension;
for early retirement, but with a reservation, if the experience is at least 15 years;
at the age of 58, social assistance in the amount of 100% of the subsistence minimum, which a woman has the right to count on in the absence of the necessary experience and loss of working capacity.

Titles and awards today: Order of Parental Glory

Thoroughly finding out and answering the question of how many children the heroine mother has (after all, Russia is a country that cares about its future, where the issues of family education in large families are relevant and it is important to solve them at the state level), it is important to note the following.

The modern insignia, the Order of Parental Glory, is intended for two parents, obliging them to make equal efforts to raise children. The monetary award that is attached to the title is a good help for the family budget. But it is not enough in Russia today to have 7 or more children to obtain a status, because the procedure for issuing documents for obtaining such a title is not easy. It is necessary to collect a whole package of documents confirming the right to proudly wear such an order. It is legitimate on the part of the state to cut off unreliable parents who are not engaged in upbringing, but only give birth to children. But parents conscientiously fulfilling their paternal duty do not have enough free time to spend it on collecting documents confirming their decency. Therefore, not many parents who deserve the award received it today.

Ranks are good, but what is the real support of the state?

Mother-heroine in Russia, even with a new order, needs state support. It is not for nothing that the legislators started talking about the return of privileges for this category of citizens. After all, round-the-clock work and endless care is a feat that must be taken into account and, in addition to an extraordinary place for a child in kindergarten, it is necessary to think about the rest of the mother herself, who should be rewarded personally, at least with a health trip to the resort.

A woman who gives so much warmth and tenderness should herself be fully gifted, because her contribution to the cause of the state is great, therefore, benefits for mothers-heroines should be stipulated today. And the state will receive a return, because prosperous children, with the care of a responsible mother, will soon pay taxes regularly and bring benefits, contributing to the prosperity of the country.

Nothing can compare with the emotions that a mother experiences when a baby is born. To support parents, and to provide them with some benefits, at the state level, it is planned to present the Mother Heroine Award for mothers who gave birth to 4 babies.

In the last century, it was considered the norm for a family to have more than 5 children. Often, especially in villages, it was immediately about 10 boys and girls who were born to one woman. Of course, it was not easy to constantly feed so many babies, especially in view of the lack of a full-fledged diet and quality things, but many families succeeded.

To support such parents, in 1944 the Order of the Mother of the Heroine appeared in the USSR. Such an award was given only to those mothers who had 10 or more boys and girls, in gratitude for their birth and a decent upbringing.

It was believed that every mother raising a large number of babies should have such a title in order to increase the demographic level and birth rate in the country. After all, these indicators decreased significantly during the Great Patriotic War due to the death of many people who did not manage to become parents in the pre-war period.

Women who are raising 10 or more minors could count not only on receiving the appropriate diploma, but also on a number of benefits. For example, such a mother receives various benefits, discounts on utility bills.

The description of such an award suggests that a mother could have such a title not only for the birth of her babies, but also for the adoption of children from the hospital. At the same time, the certificate was issued only if at the time of delivery, the youngest son or daughter was not older than 1 year, and all other minors were alive by that time.

After the breakup Soviet Union this benefit has been abolished.

Modern analogue of "Parental Glory"

The Order of the USSR times "Mother Heroine" was abolished simultaneously with the collapse of the Union and the transition to new legislation, therefore, in Russia, in 2019, it does not work.

In 2008, by Presidential Decree No. 775, a new Order of Parental Glory was established, which only parents with many children can count on. The first award took place at the beginning of 2009, for success in raising children.

What is the purpose of obtaining the status of "Parental Glory" from the Soviet Order of the "Mother of the Heroine"? Now the award can be presented to both parents at once who are raising 4 or more kids in their family. It is also envisaged that such families will be additionally awarded with certificates and a one-time payment of 50,000 rubles.

Parents can also get additional status, raising 7 or more children... This is the order and its miniature copy that can be worn on special occasions. "Mother's Glory" looks like a silk ribbon bow, and a similar award for the father of children is a pentagonal last.

Many believe that in Soviet times, persons awarded with an honorary title could count on receiving more benefits, for example, getting their own living space, good payments for the maintenance of minors. Now the legislation Russian Federation nothing of the kind is envisaged. In some regions, local authorities still give these families some benefits, for example:

1. Benefits for utility bills ( or compensation for money spent);
2. Providing an extraordinary place in kindergarten;
3. Trips for children to resorts.

How many children do you need to have to get the title

How to get an award for raising a large number of minors in a family? The type of award and the possibility of receiving it directly depends on how many children are being raised in a family.

1. Mother's medal of 1 and 2 degrees is given for the education of 6 and 5 children;
2. Order "Maternal Glory" 1-3 degrees is given for the birth of 7 to 9 babies.

An innovation in the opportunity to receive this award in 2019 is a rigorous selection of families who can apply for such a title. Now it is not enough for a family to have many children, the number of which is sufficient to have such a sign.

According to the requirements defined in Presidential Decree 1099, parents who meet the following conditions can count on receiving the award:

1. The parents are married;
2. Parents have created favorable conditions for the kids;
3. Appropriate care of all adopted children as if they were their own;
4. The youngest child in the family must be at least 3 years old;
5. The family must have adopted children under the age of 5 years.

Since the state limited the number of persons who can count on receiving such a benefit, the regions also limited the ability to qualify for such an award. So, for example, in some regions, only 2 families per year can apply for such a sign.

What benefits can you count on

If in Soviet times the Order "Mother Heroine" provided for the possibility of receiving various benefits and benefits, then this is not provided for in the law of the Russian Federation.

Now families are given the opportunity to receive only those benefits that are provided for by regional legislation: extraordinary places in kindergartens, compensation for utility bills.

At the moment, a bill is being considered, which provides for payments and benefits for the owners of the "Parental Glory" award. It is planned that such people have the right:

1. Receiving an allowance of one for holders of a medal of the 3rd degree;
2. Payment of 7 times the amount for single mothers as a social pension;
3. Reducing the size of utility bills;
4. Preferential admission of children to universities.

A large family will be eligible for such benefits only if the youngest in the family is already 1 year old. Moreover, each parent must be a citizen of the Russian Federation.

The most famous was the one who killed her own children.

Forty-fourth year. Victory over the fascists is already close, but how hard it is for the country to take every step towards it! Many soldiers were killed on the battlefield, the Soviet Union desperately needs young healthy men and women - it is necessary to restore the destroyed state.

On July 8, 1944, the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR was issued, according to which awards were given to women-mothers: those who give life, who, despite the difficulties of wartime, raise their children to their feet and make them people.

A woman who has raised five or more children now received the "Medal of Motherhood". In addition, the Order of Maternal Glory was established - for the upbringing of 7, 8 and 9 children. The highest award - the title and order of Mother Heroine - was awarded to those truly heroic women who presented the country with ten or more new citizens.

The same Decree established measures to provide various assistance and support to future and present mothers. State benefits, allowances, payments have appeared. And even after the publication of the Decree, children's institutions began to open in the country - nurseries, kindergartens.

The Mother Heroine Order was awarded in the Soviet Union until 1991. The stories of some mothers with many children cannot leave anyone indifferent.

Anna Aleksakhina - order number 1

One of the chilly autumn evenings of 1944 knocked at a barrack near Moscow: "Who is Anna Aleksakhina here?" Neighbors escorted the stranger to the kitchen, where a woman was in charge among the boiling cauldrons. Here she was presented with a stamped paper announcing the high award of the Kremlin. She received the award itself a little later from the hands of the "All-Union Headman" Mikhail Kalinin.

This woman raised ten sons and two daughters in the most difficult years. Six boys were taken away by the war - four did not return from the front, two died from their wounds after the Victory.

The remaining sons and daughters did not let their parents down - they worked honestly all their lives, they did not have to blush for them. Only there were no large families among them.

The younger children of the Aleksakhins always remembered how hard life was for the family, how they ate a soup of nettles and quinoa, how their father brought them up strictly and how sorry their mother was. But at that time almost all peasants lived like this. And they gave birth to children without hesitation - the more working hands in the family, the easier it is to feed.

For several months, the government was looking across the country for a mother with many children, worthy of being the first to receive an honorary award. Aleksakhina's lack of a party card almost became an obstacle to the decision of officials. However, there was no other way out - mothers with many children were in no hurry to join the party. Apparently, they had no time ...

Anna Aleksakhina's order "Mother Heroine" number one is kept in Moscow today, among the exhibits of the Historical Museum.

Forty-eight children of Shura Derevskaya

This stunning woman was called mom not even forty-eight - sixty-five people! But only forty-eight of them managed to become adults - Alexandra Avraamovna Derevskaya, "Romenskaya Madonna", passed away when the other boys and girls warmed by her were still very young ...

And it all started shortly after the end of the First World War. Shurochka, a young sister of mercy who fell in love with Emelyana Derevsky, readily becomes a mother for his son - a weak, rickety Mitya, whose own mother died of an incurable disease. Further more. Shura took in an orphan Pannu, then a little one appeared in the family Timofeyfollowed by - Valya: an almost blind two-year-old orphan from an orphanage, whom Shura simply could not leave in the care of the state ...

It's amazing: how did this girl have enough strength and energy to warm everyone, feed, educate? The weakest, sickly and neglected children found love and affection in her family, straightened out, became cheerful and strong.

If it had not been for the war ... World War II took away from Alexandra and Emelyan the son of Timofey. And how many orphans this war left! Shura could not ignore the human tragedy - more and more children appeared in her house ... Those who escaped from the orphanage, lost during the evacuation, blockade children, foundlings ... Everyone had a place in the house and in the heart.

Victory has come. Derevskiy with 29 children moved to Ukraine - to the Sumy region, the village of Romny. More and more children, less strength and health ... Emelyan broke down - unable to withstand such a life, he left his family, although he continued to help financially. And Shura started to get sick. Taking advantage of the difficult situation, all kinds of commissions became frequent in the house of Alexandra Derevskaya - the state decided to take the children away from a lonely sick mother. Some of them were taken away - it is not known which boarding schools and orphanages. In spite of everything, Alexandra was dying happy - surrounded by loving grown-up children. And she bequeathed to them to always take care of each other.

Heroine with a bomb

Really worthy women did not always receive a high award. History Nineli Ovechkina and her 11 children will excite minds and hearts for a long time.

The passengers of the Tu-154, flying on March 8, 1988, from Irkutsk to Leningrad, did not even suspect that they would become victims of a criminal family. Yes, no one would have thought badly about such an exemplary family! Children - gifted musicians playing in the family ensemble "Seven Simeons", have long been the heroes of many articles and television programs.

But they so wanted more ... To make a difficult decision spurred a tour in Japan, where a lucrative contract was offered to a talented family. The Ovechkins, led by their mother, began to develop a plan to escape from the Soviet Union. It was decided to hijack the plane. The musicians took with them several homemade bombs and sawn-off shotguns.

The attempted hijacking at first went like clockwork: holding passengers at gunpoint, the criminals forced the pilots to fly to Finland. But when they realized that special forces fighters had entered during refueling, the Ovechkins detonated a bomb. The plane caught fire ... The criminal mother made a decision: she ordered her eldest son to shoot her and the rest of the brothers, and then shoot himself. The plan was partially fulfilled: most of the Ovechkins died.

The flight attendant also died Tamara Zharkaya and three passengers. The rest were saved by the military.

After the collapse of the USSR, the Mother Heroine Order was not awarded. In total, from 1944 to 1991, about half a million women received the honorary title in the Soviet Union.

To date, the status of the heroine's mother is assigned to women who have raised ten or more children. It should be noted that at the time of obtaining the status, youngest child the family must be at least one year old.

Along with this status, a mother with many children can receive the Medal of Motherhood and two orders of Maternal Glory and Mother Heroine.

Mother Heroine status is the highest distinction awarded to those who have given birth or adopted at least ten children. Upon receiving the status, the following categories of children are taken into account:

• officially adopted in accordance with the current legal order;
• children who died or went missing during the defense of the country or during the commission of military operations.

This also includes persons who have performed their civic duty of salvation. human life and the protection of socialist property and law and order.

Benefits and awards for mothers of large families

Mothers with four or more children receive the Order of Parental Glory

Since 2009, they have been receiving the Order of Parental Glory. This award is presented to both parents with many children, provided that they bring up four or more children. At the same time, in addition to the reward, parents are entitled to monetary assistance in the amount of fifty thousand rubles.

In some cases, families are provided with separate apartments and monthly child benefits. In addition to these payments and awards, mothers of heroines are entitled to the following benefits:

1. ... Paid over a year and a half. Its size depends on the amount of the woman's earnings over the past two years.
2. Possibility of early retirement of the mother. This benefit has been provided since 2002. The pension is calculated when a woman reaches the age of 50. At the same time, the minimum insurance experience must be fifteen years. In the absence of the specified length of service, the pension is accrued on a general basis.
3. Establishing part-time work. According to the law, a mother with many children has the right to work in this mode (Article 93 of the Labor Code).
4. Payment for housing and communal services. Large families are offered a discount on utility bills. The size of this discount is on average 30-50%. In addition, there is a 50% discount on phone charges.
5. Educational for children from large families. First of all, children of preschool age are given the right to priority admission to kindergarten. Also, children in preschool and school institutions are entitled to free meals three times a day. In addition, children are given free school and sports uniforms every year.
6. Transport incentives. Families with many children are provided with free travel on public transport, with the exception of taxis. Parents raising more than five children have the right to receive compensation payments for travel in public transport.
7. Monthly provision of tickets for trips to museums, exhibitions, cinemas, theaters, etc. Also, every year families are issued free vouchers for holidays in sanatoriums.

Since 2008, the heroine's mothers have the right to open a kindergarten at home. At the same time, they receive the status of an educator and the newly formed institution joins the usual kindergarten, which in the future will monitor the work of the new mini-kindergarten.

Having become a teacher, she receives a corresponding entry in the work book and accumulates work experience for herself. In this case, a woman is paid a salary of up to ten thousand rubles. It should be noted that this benefit is provided to citizens living in Moscow.

An interesting video about the heroine's mother:

The procedure for obtaining the status of a mother-heroine

As mentioned above, both parents can receive a reward for raising children, as they jointly participate in the upbringing process. Before assigning the status, the guardianship authorities must check the large family for compliance with the following requirements:

• compliance of the family with the social plan;
• ensuring the development of children, both in the spiritual and moral spheres;
• maintaining a correct lifestyle;
• health care;
• education for children;
• setting an example for other families in raising and keeping the values \u200b\u200bof traditional marriage.

If all of the above criteria are met, the Order of Parental Glory will be issued to the family only when the fourth child in the family turns three years old. All other children must be alive.

The state can also take into account the dead children, but only on the condition that the death occurred as a result of military service or fulfillment of civic duty. To obtain the status of the mother-heroine and the order, parents must collect a certain package, the composition of which they can learn from the local department of social protection of the population.

At the same time, large families must pass all checks that are carried out by the guardianship and guardianship authorities.

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