Negative sides of character. The problem of a person's attitude to negative character traits. Negative character traits according to the signs of the zodiac: after marriage, he expects you to kiss the ground on which he makes you crawl, while

We live in a world where our behavior is dictated by social norms and rules. But, as you know, there are exceptions to all the rules. Some citizens are respectable, while others do not take into account the opinions of others and violate morality and even the law. The thing is that from birth each of us has positive and negative qualities. Their manifestation depends on education and the ability to cope with various stressful situations. How to find out your dark sides or shortcomings of the person you are interested in, and in what moments can virtue manifest itself? We will talk about this now.

Positive and negative personality traits

It so happened that in the world all things have two sides - good and bad. Day gives way to night, good always fights against evil, and even in a still pool, someone is found. The same applies to humans. One great one once said - "Even if all people on the planet are imprisoned, everyone in the depths of his soul will guess why." Why does this happen and people who are similar in appearance have a set of positive and negative character traits and where are these qualities most characteristic manifested? There are situations when even the most conscientious person, in the opinion of others, acts unexpectedly badly.

Let's first consider some examples of the manifestation of those qualities that are negative:

1. Extreme situations. At the moment when a person experiences fears for his life and health, he is capable of the most unexpected actions and shows such negative qualities as lies, betrayal, cowardice, lack of will, etc.
2. Career. Especially often, positive and negative personal qualities are manifested in everything related to work and promotion. Some people use this method as "headwalking". This means that a person is ready to violate any laws of morality in order to achieve the desired career growth. Such qualities as hypocrisy, lies, vanity, egocentrism, hatred and insolence are used here.
3. Relationship. Human relationships, unfortunately, are also considered a springboard for demonstrating negative qualities. People's shortcomings are especially evident in family life. Here you can find jealousy, stupidity, greed, grumpiness, slovenliness.

However, where there are negative, there will always be positive personality traits. The so-called virtues are highly valued and encouraged in every possible way by society. R Let's consider the same examples, but from the perspective of the best qualities of a person:

1. In extreme situations, ingenuity, courage, courage, endurance, seriousness, courage, responsiveness, reliability and loyalty are valued.
2. As for career growth, first of all, stress resistance, conscientiousness, hard work, honesty, punctuality, tact and communication skills are valued in any employee.
3. In relations, the ideal is equated to a person who possesses such qualities as tenderness, attentiveness, kindness, compliance, patience, attentiveness, reliability, loyalty and the ability to listen to a loved one and support him.

All the positive and negative qualities of a person exist only in combination. There are no absolutely perfect people. After all, even if a person is well-bred and has shown himself well in stressful situations, he may have bad habits, which also refer to negative qualities. As for the attitude of society to the manifestation of good and bad sides of character in a person, the following provisions have been strengthened here from time immemorial:

Be that as it may, each person has the right to choose the appropriate model of behavior for him and hide all his shortcomings deep in his soul. But even in a barrel of honey there is always a spoonful of honey. For balance, nature has created good and evil. And which side we choose to take throughout our lives.

You can often hear the statement that character is given from birth. What if a person was born that way? This is actually a myth. Character traits are formed throughout life from early childhood. The content and combination of these traits is influenced by the social environment, life circumstances, culture and traditions of society.

Congenital features of the psyche either also affect the character warehouse, but this influence is not absolute, but mediated by the interaction of a person and society. Human nature is, as it were, polished by society. Therefore, with age, the character can change - some features become brighter, more distinct, while others seem to be muffled, go into the shadows.

About a person whose character traits are manifested clearly and leave an imprint on all his behavior, they say that he has a strong character. Weakness is manifested in the inconstancy, instability of personal qualities that make up the character warehouse. For example, when at home a person manifests himself as a narcissistic tyrant, and at work - as a coward and sycophant.

Thus, the character is a multi-colored mosaic, from the individual elements of which a unique image of the personality is formed. Speaking about the formation and development of character, they mean its individual features, important, significant for the existence of a person in society. And in each society in different historical epochs, these can be completely different personality traits.

Character traits and their classification

Any person has many qualities and properties, features of the nervous system, physiology, emotional and motor spheres. We are all very different, but not all manifestations of our nature are related to character.

What is a character trait

A character trait is not just one of the many qualities of a person, it is characterized by a number of features:

• stability, constancy;
• manifestation in various activities and spheres of life;
• connection with the motives and values ​​of the individual;
• influence on the formation of stereotypes of behavior and habits;
• social conditioning, that is, the connection with the norms of behavior in society.

The presence of such stable traits makes it possible to predict human behavior. Having learned the nature of your partner, you can say with confidence how he will act in one case or another. This greatly facilitates communication between people.

Trait classification

There are a huge number of personality qualities that make up the warehouse of her character, and a simple listing of them would take too much time and space. Therefore, since the time of the ancient Greek philosopher Plato, they have been trying to classify these qualities, highlighting the main ones.

For example, the Austrian physician and naturalist of the early 19th century F. Gall, developing phrenology (the science that makes it possible to describe a person's character by the structure of his skull), identified 27 basic properties that make up the personality warehouse. These included the reproductive instinct, the need for self-defense, love for offspring, etc. Currently, neither innate instincts nor the physiological characteristics of a person have anything to do with character, although they can, to a certain extent, affect his makeup.

After Gall, attempts to compile a classification of character traits were made several times, but all the time it turned out that some traits did not fit into this classification.

Currently, it is customary to divide into types not character traits, but the spheres of their manifestation. Traditionally, there are 4 groups of such personality traits:

• Manifesting in relation to other people: individualism and collectivism, indifference and sensitivity, politeness and rudeness, benevolence and, deceit and truthfulness, etc.
• Manifesting in relation to oneself: exactingness, self-criticism, self-respect, etc.
• Manifesting in relation to business: initiative and passivity, laziness and hard work, organization and disorganization, perfectionism, etc.
• : perseverance, perseverance, determination, independence, readiness to overcome obstacles and own weakness.

But this classification is also not complete, since it did not include such individual characteristics of a person that characterize his attitude to things: neatness and slovenliness, frugality, stinginess, etc.

Excessive emphasis on certain character traits

Various character traits, mixing, form that unique alloy, which is called a unique personality. If some traits or a group of similar qualities are overly dominant, as if they stick out in the foreground, violating the harmony of the image, then they talk about. For example, a pronounced need to be always in sight, love for "show off", obsessive sociability and the desire to openly violate generally accepted norms of behavior speak of a demonstrative type of accentuation. And excessive aggressiveness, incontinence, a tendency to scandals and tantrums are signs of an excitable type of accentuation.

Psychologists assess accentuation as a kind of "deformity" of character. Even if positive traits are highlighted, a person's behavior often becomes unacceptable, uncomfortable for others. So, it is difficult to coexist with an excessively, to the point of fanaticism, a neat person, and exaggerated cheerfulness and sociability can be very tiring.

As already mentioned, each era leaves an imprint on socially significant character traits. So, in a society focused on individual success, the most important positive qualities will be considered purposefulness, initiative, hard work, independence, self-sufficiency up to individualism. And in a society where collectivism and the ability to subordinate one's desires to the requirements of the collective are considered the main values, individualism is rejected and condemned. But still, undoubtedly, there are general positive features associated with universal values. These include the following:

For example, in certain situations each person can experience, but this does not mean his cowardice, if he is able to overcome this fear and indecision. Everyone has a tendency to laziness from time to time, the question is how much laziness prevents a person from living and developing normally. The same can be said about misanthropy. You cannot love all people in a crowd and indiscriminately, but if this trait is strongly expressed, a person can turn into a real monster. Generosity is a good quality, but this does not mean that a person should give away all of his property.

There are qualities that can be assessed as both positive and negative, depending on the severity. And it is not always noticeable when, for example, stubbornness turns into stubbornness, and the desire to protect oneself and loved ones turns into aggressiveness.

The main criterion for finding out the ratio of negative and positive traits in your character is the attitude of the people around you. Society is a mirror that reflects your true appearance, and you should take a closer look at it.

Behavior largely depends on what characters a person has. Each has its own characteristics. Character is a combination of a number of psychological properties (there are more than five hundred in total). But there are also certain nuances that appear in different situations and relationships. Character traits are divided into positive and negative, congenital and acquired. Each can tell a lot about a person.

Correct assessment begins with determining what types of character people have. All traits are categorized into five main groups:

Social

It includes traits conditioned by the attitude:

To yourself;

Labor and selling it;

Society.

Emotional

It includes:

Expressiveness;

Impressionability;

Cheerfulness;

Increased and low emotionality;

Impulsiveness;

Impressiveness;

Unstable emotionality.

Strong-willed

It includes:

Purposefulness;

Determination;

Persistence;

Uncertainty;

Courage;

Discipline;

Independence.

Intellectual

It includes:

Prudence;

Depth and flexibility of intelligence;

Resourcefulness;

Mindset (practical or theoretical);

Lightheadedness;

Quick wits;

Curiosity;

Thoughtfulness.

Moral

It includes the following features:

Rigidity;

Kindness;

Responsiveness;

Honesty and similar qualities.

For the compilation of a psychological portrait, certain qualities are noted.

What are the traits of a person

The positive include:

Adequacy, altruism, activity;

Fearlessness, frugality, prudence, nobility;

Generosity, good breeding, politeness, attentiveness, cheerful disposition, will, morality;

Humanism, gallantry, harmony;

Friendliness, delicacy, conscientiousness, discipline, foresight, diplomacy, efficiency, kindness, good nature;

Naturalness;

Femininity, cheerfulness;

Thoughtfulness, thrifty;

Ingenuity, initiative, diligence, sincerity, intelligence;

Creativity, sociability, correctness, culture, competence, collectivism, eloquence;

Curiosity, gentleness, ease of communication;

Wisdom, masculinity, peacefulness, dreaminess;

Tenderness, independence, reliability, observation, resourcefulness;

Experience, sociability, charm, education, caution, responsibility, neatness, responsiveness, giftedness, objectivity;

Decency, positivity, practicality, understanding, friendliness;

Decisiveness, romance, hospitality;

Self-criticism, modesty, ingenuity, conscientiousness, independence;

Tactfulness, hard work, craving for creativity, patience;

Smilingness, perseverance, poise, respect, perseverance, courtesy, perseverance;

Thrift, charisma, courage;

Chastity, purposefulness;

Sincerity, honesty, sensitivity;

Generosity, playfulness;

Energy, economy, enthusiasm, empathy, erudition.

All the antipodes of the listed traits belong to negative qualities.

For example:

Aggressiveness;

Vulgarity;

Impudence;

Envy;

Arrogance;

Deceit;

Mercantile spirit;

Narcissism;

Touchiness;

Selfishness;

Callousness, etc.

Each positive trait has an opposite meaning. However, there are some qualities that can be called neutral:

Shyness;

Silence;

Assertiveness;

Shyness;

Dreaminess.

For some people, these are positive qualities, for others, they may turn out to be negative. For example, assertiveness. In business, it is sometimes necessary, but in personal relationships it sometimes gets in the way. Shyness is good for a girl, but it is negatively perceived when it appears in a young man. When compiling a psychological portrait, all of the above positive qualities, their antipodes and other features are taken into account.

A person's character is not formed instantly, but until old age. The social environment is of great importance. For example, volitional qualities inherent in a person are manifested in freelance situations when endurance, courage, stubbornness, etc. are required. Emotionality is a mental manifestation that occurs in certain situations. At the same time, feelings can be negative or positive, dynamic or stable, neutral. If we talk about intellectuality, then this includes the individual characteristics and the quality of the individual's thinking. For example, criticality, stupidity, breadth of mind, flexibility in any relationship, etc.

The character of people is strongly influenced by their perception of the environment. Some consider everyone to be good or bad, others - only themselves. Each person has a certain attitude:

To oneself (one's own dignity, self-criticism, self-respect, etc.);

Labor (punctuality, accuracy, negligence, etc.);

Environment (politeness, isolation, sociability, rudeness, etc.).

As a result, a certain temperament is formed. It includes qualities that are constant for a particular person:

1. Sanguine people are very mobile, efficient, but they quickly get tired of strenuous work. They have bright facial expressions and strong expressions of emotion. They are sociable, responsive, balanced. They look at everything from a positive point of view, they are optimistic. They have a cheerful disposition.

2. Choleric people are characterized by sudden mood swings, hysteria, impetuosity. They have frequent outbursts of anger, irascibility, but quick disposition.

3. Melancholic pessimists, overly worried about any reason, are often in an anxious state. Such people are very distrustful of others, vulnerable, restrained, they have good self-control.

4. Phlegmatic people have very low activity. However, they are very reasonable, cold-blooded and prudent. Any business is always brought to the end.

Separately, it should be noted that each nationality has its own character traits, although there are many common features. Russians have the greatest diversity.

Their character is very different from other nationalities.

Main criteria:

a) Spiritual generosity, which most nationalities do not have.

b) Compassion.

v) Craving for justice.

G) Patience, endurance, endurance.

e) Negative qualities include pessimism, foul language, laziness, and hypocrisy. The positive ones are responsiveness, loyalty, compassion, humanity.

Russian is easily distinguished by the totality of character traits, one of which is a special sense of humor, which other nationalities are not always able to understand. The set of qualities is so diverse that the majority of them exhibit an excessive manifestation of emotions. Some traits can change over the course of a lifetime. At the same time, other qualities remain unchanged. However, negative traits are not always regarded as negative. Sometimes they emphasize dignity.

For example:

1. Selfishness is not only ignoring other people, but also following one's own interests in the first place. Such a person has his own opinion and will not follow the lead of others.

2. Overconfidence can improve productivity and performance. Then a person feels self-satisfied, which ultimately brings positive results for society.

3. Jealousy sometimes pushes a person to work better, to achieve the best result.

4. Stubbornness helps you achieve any goals you set.

The character of any person consists of positive and negative qualities. As a result, a certain type is formed. For example, a person may be lazy, but kind and sympathetic. The other is evil, but very hardworking and aspiring. At the same time, women are always more emotional, selfless, good-natured, patient. Men are most often restrained, decisive, and responsible.

People's characters and problems

Each person is endowed with a unique, own character from birth. A child can inherit certain traits from their parents, in someone they are manifested to a greater extent, and someone is not at all like any of the family members. But character is not the behavior of the parents projected onto the child, it is a more complex mental phenomenon. The list is positive and very large. In the article we will try to highlight the main character traits.

man?

Translated from Greek, the word "character" means "a distinctive feature, a sign." Depending on the type of their psychological organization, people find their soul mates, build relationships, build their whole life. A person's character is a unique set of mental characteristics, personality traits that play a decisive role in various aspects of a person's life and are manifested through his activities.

To understand the character of an individual, it is necessary to massively analyze his actions. Judgments about character can be very subjective, because not every person acts as his heart tells him. However, it is possible to identify certain stable character traits by studying behavior for a long time. If a person in different situations makes the same decision, draws similar conclusions and demonstrates a similar reaction, then this indicates that he has one or another trait. For example, if someone is responsible, then his behavior both at work and at home will meet this criterion. If the person is cheerful by nature, a one-off manifestation of sadness against the background of general positive behavior will not become a separate character trait.

Formation of character

The process of character formation begins in early childhood, in the child's first social contacts with parents. For example, excessive love and guardianship can further become the key to a stable characteristic of the human psyche and make him dependent or spoiled. That is why many parents are especially attentive to the upbringing of positive character traits in their children. They give birth to pets so that the baby can feel what responsibility is, entrust him with doing small chores around the house, teach him how to clean up his toys and explain that not all desires and whims can be fulfilled.

The next stage is kindergarten and school. The child already has the basic character traits, but at this stage they are still amenable to correction: you can wean a little personality from greed, help get rid of excessive shyness. In the future, as a rule, the formation and change of character traits is possible only when working with a psychologist.

Character or temperament?

Very often these two concepts are confused with each other. Indeed, both character and temperament shape human behavior. But they are fundamentally different in nature. Character is a list of acquired psychic properties, while temperament is of biological origin. With the same temperament, people can have completely different personalities.

There are 4 types of temperament: impetuous and unbalanced choleric, unhurried and imperturbable phlegmatic, light and optimistic sanguine and emotionally vulnerable melancholic. At the same time, temperament can restrain certain character traits, and vice versa, character can compensate for temperament.

For example, a phlegmatic person with a good sense of humor will still be stingy with expressions of emotion, but this will not prevent him from demonstrating a sense of humor, laughing and having fun in the appropriate society.

List of positive qualities of a person

The list of positive and negative qualities of a person is huge. Initially, all definitions regarding the nature and essence of a person, his behavior are subjective. Society has established certain norms that make it possible to determine how positive or negative this or that personality trait or her act is. However, there are higher qualities of a person, demonstrating his virtue and good intentions. Their list looks like this:

• altruism;
• reverence for elders;
• kindness;
• keeping promises;
• moral;
• a responsibility;
• loyalty;
• perseverance;
• moderation;
• responsiveness;
• honesty;
• sincerity;
• selflessness and others.

These qualities, along with their derivatives, constitute the nature of the true beauty of human character. They are laid down in the family, in the process of upbringing, children copy the behavior of their parents, and therefore a well-educated person will have all these superior qualities.

List of negative human qualities

The list of positive and negative qualities of a person can be formed for a long time, since there are a lot of them. It would be fundamentally wrong to assign to a person the presence of a negative character trait on the basis of his deed or action alone. You can't hang labels, even the most educated and can really believe that they are endowed with, say, greed or arrogance. However, if this behavior is a pattern, then the conclusion will be obvious.

The list of negative traits, as well as positive ones, is huge. The most basic and common are as follows:

• lack of will;
• irresponsibility;
• harm;
• greed;
• malice;
• deceit;
• hypocrisy;
• hatred;
• selfishness;
• intolerance;
• greed and others.

The presence of such character traits in a person is not a diagnosis; they can and should be dealt with even in an adult, conscious age, and behavior can be corrected.

Character traits manifested in relation to other people

We have formed a list of positive and negative human qualities. Now we will talk about character traits manifested in relation to other people. The fact is that, depending on who or what a person commits an action or deed, a specific separate feature of him is exposed. In society, he can demonstrate the following qualities:

• sociability;
• responsiveness;
• susceptibility to someone else's mood;
• respectfulness;
• arrogance;
• egocentrism;
• coarseness;
• isolation and others.

Of course, a lot depends on the conditions in which a person has fallen: even the most open and sociable person may experience problems in communicating with a strict, closed and heartless person. But, as a rule, polite people endowed with positive qualities easily adapt to society and suppress their negative traits.

Character traits manifested in work

Building a person's career directly depends on the qualities of his character. Even the most talented and gifted people can fail because they are not responsible enough for their work and their talent. Thus, they only harm themselves and do not give themselves the opportunity to reveal their full potential.

Or, on the contrary, there are cases when the lack of talent was more than compensated for by special diligence in work. A responsible and tidy person will always succeed. Here is a list of the main such character traits:

• hard work;
• a responsibility;
• initiative;
• accuracy;
• sloppiness;
• laziness;
• negligence;
• passivity and others.

These two groups of character traits actively overlap with each other, since work and communication between people are inextricably linked.

Character traits manifested in relation to oneself

These are the traits that characterize in relation to himself, his self-perception. They look like this:

• self-esteem or superiority;
• honor;
• arrogance;
• self-criticism;
• egocentrism;
• self-adoration and others.

Character traits manifested in relation to things

The attitude to things does not affect the building of social connections of a person, but demonstrates and reveals the best or unsightly qualities of his nature. These are features such as:

• accuracy;
• thrift;
• scrupulousness;
• sloppiness and others.

Mentality, qualities of a Russian person

Mentality is a very subjective concept, and it is based on stereotypical thinking. However, it cannot be denied that certain features are inherent in a particular nationality. Russian people are famous for their cordiality and hospitality, cheerful disposition. The Russian soul is considered all over the world to be mysterious and incomprehensible, since Russians are not distinguished by the rationality and consistency of their actions, they often succumb to the influence of mood.

Another feature of the Russian people is sentimentality. A Russian person instantly adopts the feelings of another and is always ready to share emotions with him, to lend a shoulder to help. One cannot but mention another trait - compassion. Historically, Russia helped its neighbors on all borders of the country, and today only a heartless person will pass by the misfortune of another.

Human traits and their manifestation

03.04.2015

Snezhana Ivanova

Character traits always leave an imprint on a person's behavior, and also affect his actions.

Throughout his life, each person manifests his individual characteristics, which are reflected not only in his behavior or the specifics of communication, but also determine the attitude towards activities, himself and other people. All these features, manifested in life, both in scientific use and in everyday life, are called character.

Definition of "character"

In psychology, character is understood as a certain set of human traits that are pronounced and relatively stable. Character traits always leave an imprint on a person's behavior, and also affect his actions.

In psychological dictionaries, you can find a fairly large number of definitions of character, but they all boil down to the fact that character is a set of the most persistent individual psychological characteristics of a person, which are always manifested in her activities and social behavior, as well as in the system of relations:

• to the team;
• to other people;
• to work;
• to the surrounding reality (to the world);
• to herself.

The term " character» ( in the lane. from Greek. character - chasing or printing) was introduced by the ancient Greek philosopher and naturalist, student Plato and Aristotle's closest friend Theophrastus... And here it is worth paying special attention to the translation of the word - chasing or printing. Indeed, the character seems to emerge in the form of a peculiar pattern on the person's personality, thus creating a unique seal that distinguishes its owner from other individuals. A similar pattern, as well as the coat of arms or emblem on the personal seal of the medieval nobility, is drawn on a certain basis with the help of specific signs and letters. The basis for engraving an individual personality is temperament, and a unique pattern - bright and individual character traits .

Character traits as a tool for psychological assessment and understanding of a person

In psychology, character traits are understood as individual, rather complex features that are most indicative for a person and make it possible with a high degree of probability to predict his behavior in a particular situation. That is, knowing that a particular person has some traits, one can predict his subsequent actions and possible actions in this or that case. For example, if a person has a pronounced trait of responsiveness, then there is a high probability that at a difficult moment in life he will come to the rescue.

A trait is one of the most important and essential parts of a person, his stable quality and a well-established way of interacting with the surrounding reality. In a character trait, personality is crystallized and its integrity is reflected. A person's character trait is a real way of solving many life situations (both activity and communicative) and therefore they need to be considered from the point of view of the future. So, character traits are a prediction of the actions and actions of a person, since they are distinguished by persistence and make a person's behavior predictable and more obvious. Due to the fact that each personality is unique, there is a huge variety of unique character traits.

Each person acquires special traits of his character throughout his life in society, and all individual signs (traits) cannot be considered characterological. Such will be only those who, regardless of the life situation and circumstances, will always manifest themselves in an identical way of behavior and the same attitude in the surrounding reality.

Thus, in order to assess personality psychologists (to characterize it) as an individual, it is necessary to determine not the entire sum of the individual qualities of a person, but to highlight those traits and qualities of character that are distinctive from other people. While these traits are individual and different, they must constitute structural integrity.

Traits of a person's character are priority in the study of his personality, as well as for understanding and predicting his actions, actions and behavior. Indeed, we perceive and understand any kind of human activity as a manifestation of certain traits of his character. But, characterizing a person as a social being, it is not so much the manifestation of traits in activity that becomes important, as what exactly this activity is directed to (and also what the human will serves). In this case, one should pay attention to the content side of the character, and more specifically, to those personality traits that make up the general structure as its mental make-up. They are expressed in: integrity-contradiction, unity-fragmentation, static-dynamism, breadth-narrowness, strength-weakness.

List of human traits

Human character- it is not only a certain set of some features (or a random set of them), but a very complex mental formation, which is a certain system. This system consists of many of the most stable personality traits, as well as its properties, which are manifested in various systems of human relations (to work, to one's business, to the surrounding world, to things, to oneself and to other people). In these relations, the structure of character, its content and individuality of originality find expression. Below, in the table, the main character traits (their groups) are described, which are manifested in various systems of human relations.

Persistent traits (symptom complexes) of character, manifested in personality relationships

In addition to the traits that are manifested in the system of relationships, psychologists have identified traits of a person's character that can be attributed to the cognitive and emotional-volitional sphere. So character traits are divided into:

• cognitive (or intellectual) - curiosity, theorizing, critical, resourceful, analytical, thoughtful, practical, flexible, frivolous;
• emotional (impressionability, passion, emotionality, cheerfulness, sentimentality, etc.);
• strong-willed traits (persistence, determination, independence, etc.);
• moral traits (kindness, honesty, justice, humanity, cruelty, responsiveness, patriotism, etc.).

Some psychologists suggest highlighting motivational (or productive) and instrumental traits. Motivational traits are understood as those that move a person, that is, they induce him to certain actions and deeds. (they can also be called goal traits). Instrumental features give a unique style and personality to human activity. They refer to the very manner and way of performing an activity (they can also be called traits-ways).

Representative of the humanistic direction in psychology Gordon Allport I combined character traits into three main categories:

• dominant (those that most of all determine all forms of human behavior, his actions and deeds, such as selfishness or kindness);
• ordinary (which manifest themselves equally in all spheres of life, for example, parity and humanity);
• secondary (they do not have the same influences as dominant or ordinary ones, for example, it can be diligence or love for music).

So, the main character traits are manifested in various spheres of mental activity and the system of personality relations. All these relationships are consolidated in different modes of action and forms of human behavior that are most familiar to him. Certain regular relationships are always established between the existing traits, which make it possible to create a structured character. She, in turn, helps to predict, according to the traits of a person's character already known to us, others that are hidden from us, which makes it possible to predict his subsequent actions and actions.

Any structure, including character, has its own hierarchy. Thus, character traits also have a certain hierarchy, therefore there are main (leading) and secondary traits that are subordinate to the leading. It is possible to predict the actions of a person and his behavior, relying not only on the main features, but also on secondary ones (despite the fact that they are less significant and are not manifested so clearly).

Typical and individual in character

The bearer of character is always a person, and his features are manifested in activities, relationships, actions, behavior, ways of acting in a family, in a team, at work, among friends, etc. This manifestation always reflects the typical and the individual in the character, because they exist in an organic unity (for example, the typical is always the basis for the individual manifestation of character).

What is meant by typical character? A character is called typical when there is a set of essential traits that are common to a certain group of people. This set of features reflects the general living conditions of a particular group. In addition, these traits should be manifested (to a greater or lesser extent) in each representative of this group. The set of distinctive typical features is a condition for the emergence of a certain.

The typical and individual in character is most clearly expressed in a person's relationship to other people, because interpersonal contacts are always conditioned by certain social conditions of life, the corresponding level of cultural and historical development of society and from the formed spiritual world of the person himself. Attitude towards other people is always evaluative and manifests itself in different ways (approval-condemnation, support-misunderstanding) depending on the existing circumstances. This manifestation is expressed depending on the person's assessment of the actions and behavior of others, or rather their positive and negative character traits.

Typical traits of a person's character in terms of their intensity are manifested in each individually. So, for example, individual traits can reveal themselves so strongly and vividly that they become unique in their own way. It is in this case that what is typical in character is transformed into the individual.

Positive character traits and their manifestation

Both the typical and the individual in character, finds its manifestation in the systems of personality relations. This is due to the presence of certain traits in a person's character (both positive and negative). So, for example, in relation to work or their business, such positive character traits as hard work, discipline and organization are manifested.

As for interpersonal communication and attitude towards other people, here are the following good character traits: honesty, openness, fairness, adherence to principles, humanity, etc. All these features allow you to build constructive communication and quickly establish contacts with people around you.

It should be noted that there are a huge variety of individual character traits. But among them it is necessary to single out, first of all, those that have the greatest influence on the formation of the spirituality of a person and his (it is in this context that the best trait of a person's character - humanity) finds its manifestation. These traits are even more important in the process of upbringing and development of the younger generation, because the same traits are formed in different ways depending on situations, the presence of other character traits and the orientation of the personality itself.

Highlighting good character traits, one should not forget about their possible curvature, or about the presence of obvious negative traits that a person needs to fight with. Only in this case will there be a harmonious and holistic development of the personality.

Negative character traits and their manifestation

In relation to the behavior, actions and activities of other people, a person always forms traits of a certain character - positive and negative. This happens according to the principle of analogy (that is, there is identification with what is acceptable) and opposition (with what is included in the list of inadmissible and incorrect). Attitude towards oneself can be positive or negative, which primarily depends on the level of development and the ability to adequately assess oneself ( that is, from the formed level). A high level of self-awareness is evidenced by the presence of the following positive traits: high demands on oneself, and self-esteem, as well as responsibility. And, conversely, such negative character traits as self-confidence, selfishness, immodesty, etc., speak of an insufficient level of development of self-awareness.

Negative character traits (in principle, as well as positive ones are manifested) in the four main systems of human relations. For example, in the system of "attitude to work" among the negative features are called, irresponsibility, carelessness and formality. And among the negative traits manifested in interpersonal communication, it is worth highlighting isolation, stinginess, boastfulness and disrespect.

It should be noted that negative character traits that are manifested in the system of a person's relationship to other people almost always contribute to the emergence of conflicts, misunderstanding and aggression, which subsequently leads to the emergence of destructive forms of communication. That is why, every person who wants to live in harmony with others and with himself should think about bringing up positive traits in his character and getting rid of destructive, negative traits.