Evenings on a farm near Dikanka - analysis. Evenings on a farm near Dikanka Characters of an evening on a farm near Dikanka
« EVENINGS ON A FARM NEAR DIKANKA", consisting of 8 stories, are divided into exactly 2 parts, and each is preceded by a preface from the imaginary publisher. In the first, describing his farm, he characterizes some of the particularly colorful inhabitants of Dikanka, who come into the “pasichnik’s shack” in the evenings and tell those outlandish stories, of which Rudoy Panko is a diligent collector.
PART ONE
MAY NIGHT, OR THE DROWNED WOMAN
On a quiet and clear evening, when girls and boys gather in a circle and sing songs, the young Cossack Levko, the son of the village mayor, approaches one of the huts and calls out the clear-eyed Hanna with a song. But the timid Hanna does not come out right away; she is afraid of the envy of the girls, and the insolence of the boys, and her mother’s strictness, and something else unclear. Levka had nothing to console the beauty with: he again pretended to be deaf when he started talking about marriage. Sitting on the threshold of the hut, Ganna asks about the house with boarded shutters, which is reflected in the dark water of the pond. Levko tells how the centurion who lived there and his daughter, the “clear little lady,” got married, but the stepmother disliked the little lady, harassed her, tormented her, and forced the centurion to kick her daughter out of the house. The lady threw herself from a high bank into the water, became the head of the drowned women, and one day dragged her stepmother-witch into the water, but she herself turned into a drowned woman and thereby escaped punishment. And on the site of that house they are going to build Vinnitsa, which is why the distiller has come today. Here Levko said goodbye to Ganna, hearing the boys returning.
World of Heroes
The sorcerer (father, brother Koprian, Antichrist) is a hero who combines the negative traits of all the negative characters in the “Evenings” cycle. The Sorcerer is Gogol's first attempt to portray the Antichrist. In this attempt, Gogol relied on the novelistic experience of German romantics (the alchemist in “The Glass” by L. Tieck, the child killer in his “Enchantment, Love”) and their Russian epigones (the image of the demonic villain Bruno von Eisen in the story by A. A. Bestuzhev (Marlinsky ) "Castle Eisen", 1827).
At the end of the story, the image of K. receives a “mythological” interpretation in the spirit of the same L. Tick (short story “Pietro Apone”) and the folk cosmogony of the Bogumil sectarians; The “German” image of the main character-villain is woven into the stylistic pattern of Ukrainian song folklore.
Something dubious is present in K.’s appearance from the very beginning. After many years of wandering, returning from there, “where there are no churches,” he lives in the family of his daughter Katerina and her Cossack husband Danila Burulbash. Vagrancy is a sign of rootlessness; rootlessness is an attribute of demonism. K. smokes overseas cradle cap, does not eat dumplings or pork, and prefers “Jewish noodles” to them. The fact that he does not drink vodka finally convinces Burulbash that his father-in-law, “it seems, does not believe in Christ.”
K;, with her husband alive, tries to control her daughter - and even tries to kill her son-in-law in a duel; when he kisses Katerina, his eyes glow with a strange sparkle. The hint of incest, the lawless passion of a father for his daughter, is transparent; it finally becomes clearer in Katerina’s nightmare. She dreams that her father is the same Cossack werewolf whom she and her husband saw at the Kyiv wedding of Yesaul Gorobets (the story begins with this episode): when the young were blessed with icons from the schema-monk Elder Bartholomew, which had a special “protective power”, this goat had his nose grew to the side, his eyes turned green instead of brown, his lips turned blue, like the devil, and he himself changed from a young man into an old man, so everyone screamed in horror: K. is back again! In a dream, K. tries to seduce Katerina: “ Look at me, I’m good, I’ll be a nice husband to you...” The exposition is over: the plot is tied.
But it turns out that Katerina, having awakened, does not remember everything that her soul saw in the kingdom of sleep. The next night, Pan Danilo sneaks into an ancient castle on the dark side of the Dnieper, where the Poles (in the world of "Evenings" the Poles are always at one with the devil) are going to build a fortress on the way of the Cossacks; through the window he sees his father the sorcerer changing his appearance, exactly as the “Kiev” Cossack werewolf changed his. K. is wearing a wonderful hat with “a letter not in Polish or Russian” (that is, with “Kabbalistic” signs of the Hebrew alphabet or Arabic-Muslim script; both are equally bad); There are bats flying in the room, and instead of images on the walls there are “scary faces.” Through the transparent layers of “astral” light (blue, pale gold, then pink) a figure passes, white as a cloud - this is the soul of the sleeping Katerina. Danilo learns something that his wife will not be able to remember after waking up: her father once stabbed her mother to death; With Katerina, he is trying to “replace” his murdered wife. The next morning, Burulbash tells Katerina with horror that through her he became related to the Antichrist tribe; alas, he is right, but he still does not realize what price he will have to pay for this relationship.
The plot about K. is moving towards its climax. As time passes, the Antichrist father finds himself in prison, in chains; for secret collusion with Catholics, he will face a cauldron of boiling water or flaying. Witchcraft is powerless against the walls once built by the “holy schema-monk.” (The symbolic image of a “schemnik” endowed with prayerful power over dark forces constantly appears in the stories of the cycle.) But Katerina, succumbing to the false persuasion of K. (who begs for time to atone for sins - “for the sake of the unfortunate mother”!), releases her father from prison . And although Danilo Burulbash decides that the sorcerer himself slipped out of the chains, the “ideological betrayal” of the wife to her husband has already been accomplished; although the father does not receive power over his daughter’s body, his power over her soul overpowers the husband’s power. This means that some incorporeal “anti-Christ” possession of her will is still accomplished. The false climax foreshadows the imminent outcome of Burulbash's storyline. Even if his father does not replace him in the marital bed, he does “squeeze” him out of life.
Katerina’s “apostasy” brings damage to the Zaporozhye world, disrupts its internal unity: there is no longer order in Ukraine, there is no “head”; Danilo, who had long had a premonition of imminent death, dies in a battle with the Poles. However, K. cannot celebrate victory: the funeral feast that the Cossacks perform over Burulbash, as it were, restores the lost unity. The sacrificial blood of the husband washes away the sin of the wife - and through the clouds the wonderful face of the “wonderful head” looks at the “Antichrist.” The mystery of this image will be explained in the epilogue. In the meantime, K. is trying to complete the villainous work he has begun; appears in dreams to Katerina, who, together with the baby, moved to Kyiv, to Esaul Gorobets; K. threatens his daughter to kill her son if she does not marry her father, and in the end kills the innocent child. This is the second culmination.
On the eve of the Christmas and New Year holidays, I can’t help but think about this film.
For me, this film is memories of childhood.
The film adaptation of the classic of Russian literature Nikolai Gogol was carried out by the classic of Russian film fairy tales Alexander Rowe. Without music, dancing and other obscurantism, but close to the text, with funny horrors, special effects and wonderfully played characters.
Cast-
| L. Myznikova Oksana is Chub's daughter Yuri Tavrov | Alexander Khvylya Cossack Chub-kum L. Khityaeva | Sergey Martinson Osip Nikif., clerk A. Kubatsky | Vera Altai Panas's wife Dmitry Kapka | N. Yakovchenko Patsyuk - healer M. Sidorchuk | A. Radunsky Head G. Millyar | A. Smirnov ambassador Zoya Vasilkova |
This is a love story that mixes everything that can be imagined on the night before Christmas. On the quiet Ukrainian farm of Dikanka, a lot of amazing events happen on Christmas night. The girl wanted shoes, but not just any shoes, but ones like those of the queen herself!
The blacksmith Vakula, seeking favor from the proud lady, saddled the devil himself and went to St. Petersburg to beg the tsarina herself for slippers for his beloved. At the same time, in the village, the insidious coquette Solokha (Vakula’s mother) is having difficulty coping with the flow of suitors who often visit her. The devil also has his own types: once Vakula drew the devil in such a way that even in hell they laughed at him, and now the evil one dreams of getting the immortal soul of the blacksmith. Many miracles and incredible stories await the residents of Dikanka on the night before Christmas. However, either Gogol himself or Alexander Rowe can retell Gogol.
“Evenings...” - undoubted success. “Everyone rejoiced at this lively description of the singing and dancing tribe, these fresh pictures of Little Russian nature, this gaiety, simple-minded and at the same time crafty.” This is what Pushkin wrote about Gogol’s first book, and we dare to say that the film would have made an equally favorable impression on the great poet - primarily due to the actors’ accurate portrayal of the characters.
Blacksmith Vakula (Yuri Tavrov) is serious and thorough, but in love to the point of timidity. The first, graduation role of Yuri became a decorous, one might say, triumphant procession of a competent, truly Gogolian couple across the screens and hearts of millions. After all, even half a century later, I don’t even want to imagine another Vakula. As well as other actors from A. Rowe’s galaxy identified with Gogol’s heroes.
Beautiful Oksana (Lyudmila Myznikova) is flirty and cheerful. Alexander Arturovich Rowe saw Myznikova, a 19-year-old studio girl, in the corridor of a Kyiv film studio (representatives of Belarus Film called her to audition) and immediately invited her to play the role of Oksana in the film “Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka.” A very warm relationship developed between Row and Lyudmila on the set; the director looked after the young actress like a father.
Chub, Oksana's father (Alexander Khvylya) is a respectable and important, truly respectable father. Solokha, Vakula’s mother (Lyudmila Khityaeva) is a spectacular village witch who loves men and vodka; in the place of the “good woman” Solokha, it is impossible to imagine anyone other than Lyudmila Khityaeva.
And, of course, the main character is the devil played by Georgy Millyar. Pig nose, crochet tail, terribly charming and mischievous. “The Most Common Trait” is one of Georgy Millyar’s best roles.
Filming took place on the Kola Peninsula in March 1961. Before this, other northern regions of the country were filmed in the Murmansk region, Siberia and the Far East were filmed. But Ukraine!!! It was necessary to dare.
Let’s read the marvelous, almost poetic lines of the classic: “The last day before Christmas has passed. A clear winter night has arrived. The stars looked out. The month majestically rose into the sky to shine on good people and the whole world, so that everyone would have fun caroling and praising Christ. It was freezing more than in the morning; but it was so quiet that the crunch of frost under a boot could be heard half a mile away. Not a single crowd of boys had ever appeared under the windows of the huts; for a month he only glanced at them furtively, as if calling the girls who were dressing up to run out quickly into the crunchy snow. Then smoke fell in clouds through the chimney of one hut and spread like a cloud across the sky, and along with the smoke a witch rose riding on a broom.”
Where can I find a similar nature? Rowe discovered it near Kirovsk. In the village “13th kilometer” a “real” Little Russian village was erected in a few days. White huts and fences were drowned in drifts of fluffy snow; at a distance, boys and gay girls were strolling, joking among themselves, among whom were Kirov workers, students, and amateur artists who participated in the crowd. Except that there was no smoke coming from the chimneys, but otherwise everything was natural.
Both in the story and in the process of creating the film, the devil got the worst of it. He was reincarnated as Georgy Millyar, who by that time was already firmly known to the entire population of the country as “the people’s Baba Yaga of the Soviet Union.” According to Gogol, he is beaten, used as a horse-drawn vehicle, and dipped into an ice hole. Millyar was Rowe’s “favorite”, his close friend, and the director wanted, as much as possible, to feel sorry for the actor.
They planned to do the scene with the ice hole in the pavilion, but Georgy Frantsevich protested. Therefore, they filmed it live, on a real polar reservoir. Having survived several takes in the icy water, Millyar was just right to be awarded the title of “walrus.” In addition, the devil's costume was originally made of fur so that he would not catch a cold. But it restricted movement, and Millyar asked to make another suit - cold, but light and tight. I worked in it. And, as always in this film, the makeup is very complex. Again gumose, plastic compounds. And at the same time a living, moving face. The artist had another sin - a passion for verbal hooliganism, for which he called himself "Old Man Pokhabych." For example, the actor Anatoly Kubatsky, who played Panas in “Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka,” was nicknamed Diarrhea; he either recited frivolous poems or came up with aphorisms that made the young costume designers blush.
In December 1961, a public viewing of the new film took place in the large hall of the Palace of Culture of the Apatit plant. Kirov residents became its first spectators. It turns out that special effects and theatrical premieres were not created in our 21st century. Eyewitnesses say that back in 1961, at the premiere of “Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka,” they staged such devilry that today’s creatives could never even dream of! Real devils ran around the foyer of the House and threw real fake snowballs at the audience.
The film was presented by the second director V.D. Losev and Chub - aka Alexander Khvylya - who specially came to the premiere. Reviews of the film from residents of the mining town, many of whom also saw themselves on the screen, were enthusiastic. The only one who decided to add a fly in the ointment was the doctor V. Yanovsky, who noted that “against the generally good background of the film, little things slip through that might not have happened.
For example, the blacksmith Vakula kept charcoal in bags, but the Cossack Chub, who got out of one of them, turned out to be clean, and Head, after being in the bag, shakes off something gray, surprisingly similar to the dust of apatite concentrate. And about the slippers, we can say that their size and shape still do not correspond to those in the fairy tales - they look too big.” But in general, the film was received extremely warmly, as evidenced by the review of the Kirovsky Rabochiy newspaper, which published a selection of materials about the film under the general heading “A very good film!”
Rowe had problems with the film's title. In the USSR, even the word “Christmas” itself was not only written with a small letter, but was also, as it were, not approved for use. Therefore, it is funny that it was at the height of Khrushchev’s anti-religious campaign in the early 60s, when film adaptation of “The Night Before Christmas” by director-storyteller Alexander Rowe, that the general title of Gogol’s early stories was chosen.
Apparently, the director was forced to strengthen in the interpretation of Gogol’s caustic Christmas phantasmagoria, first of all, the images of the clerk played by Sergei Martinson and the clearly eccentric devil played by Georgy Millyar. Now it is difficult to say what was revised in 1970, since we are already dealing with a revised copy, which, by the way, is now popular on television at Christmas.
But the rather detailed reproduction in the film of long-standing Christmas rituals, including the ritual of caroling and folk fun, presented with humor, is quite surprising if we take into account that in 1961, the showing of scenes of the celebration of a religious celebration, albeit in a national refraction, was quite could have been perceived by the authorities as admiration and glorification of supposedly outdated traditions.
The film was restored in 1970 and presented in color.
Catchphrases-
*"Hanged himself!
-Drowned!
“No, he hanged himself!”
* “We, brother, will talk about our own things with the queen!”
Interesting fact-
In the process of studying Gogol’s text, Vladimir Gurfinkel, director of the play “The Night Before Christmas” at the Perm Youth Theater, discovered some inaccuracies that were used by Alexander Rowe.
“When Vakula came across the shoes, he exclaimed: “My God, in such shoes, do you really go to the ice?” (sliding means),” says Vladimir Gurfinkel. - “It turns out that if we analyze Gogol’s text, our dear queen gave him skates.”
This is Gogol's first and perhaps most famous book. Consists of 8 stories collected in two volumes. The first was published in 1831, the second in 1832. These stories, which form the plot, are collected and recorded by the hospitable beekeeper Rudy Panko, who organizes the best gatherings on the farm to “amuse and frighten the people.” In this work, you will learn only the main events from the book, since this is a very brief summary for the reader’s diary. Enjoy reading!
(512 words) It all starts with the “Sorochinskaya Fair”, where everyone is waiting in fear for the red scroll. They say that one day the devil squandered all his property in a tavern and pawned his red scroll, promising to return for it. But the greedy shinkar got away with the damn scroll, and since then it has passed from hand to hand and does not bring happiness to anyone. And the devil haunts the fair every year.
The next story takes place “The evening before Ivan Kupala”. The devil in human form Basavryuk helps the worker Petrus get money for the wedding. To do this, the boy finds a fern flower and kills the little brother of his beloved Ivasya, and then forgets everything he has done. Remembering, the hero kills the witch who helped Basavryuk, and he himself turns into a handful of ashes.
Another love story with the intervention of evil spirits, only this time it’s a good one, called “May Night, or the Drowned Woman.” In it, the young Cossack Levko is in love with the charming Hanna, but his father himself intends to woo her. With the help of the drowned lady, whom Levko helps to find her evil stepmother, he gets a note for his father from the lieutenant, forbidding him to marry.
The next story is about “The Missing Letter,” where the old man went with the letter to the queen. In order not to lose it, he sews the letter in his hat, but the devil steals it. While searching for the devil, the grandfather finds himself in a thicket near a fire in the company of evil spirits. They invite him to play fool with the thing stolen by the demon. The traveler wins, receives a hat, and, plucking up the impudence, demands his horse from the players. They give him a devilish horse, the grandfather lost control, got hurt and came to his senses on the roof of his hut.
The second volume begins with the story "The Night Before Christmas." The wayward charming Oksana says that she will marry the blacksmith Vakula only if he brings her the queen’s slippers. Having ridden the devil, on Christmas night, the man flies to St. Petersburg and receives little slippers from Catherine II. And Oksana, thinking that Vakula has disappeared, falls in love with him without any shoes.
The story of “Terrible Revenge” tells the story of young spouses Danil and Katerina. One day Danilo finds out that his wife’s father is a sorcerer who lives in a scary castle. In the fight against the Poles, the young husband dies. And Katerina keeps having terrible dreams about the wizard. One day he comes to her, the woman rushes at her parent with a knife and he kills her. Then a gigantic rider appears on the tops of the Carpathians with a baby in his arms, who throws the sorcerer into the abyss.
The beekeeper-storyteller wrote down the story about Ivan Fedorovich Shponka and his aunt in a notebook, but his wife took some of the pages away. We only know that Ivan Fedorovich was timid and diligent from childhood. After the death of his mother, his aunt began to take care of his household. One day he meets his neighbor Strochenko. And his aunt remembers that the neighbor’s estate was given to the Shponks by the previous owner. Ivan Fedorovich goes to Strochenko for a deed of gift, but returns empty-handed. Then his aunt comes up with a plan to return the estate, but the reader is not destined to know about this.
The series of stories ends with the story of the “Enchanted Place.” It happened to Rudy Panko himself in his distant childhood. His grandfather stopped in one place all the time while dancing. Then, approaching him, the grandfather found himself in a field, where he found a grave with a treasure. He dug it up, and the devils immediately appeared, preventing the old man from taking the cauldron of wealth. The grandfather ran away forcibly, and in the cauldron there was only garbage.
All the stories told to us by the kind beekeeper are united by the theme of life in the Little Russian hinterland and its characteristic folklore.
Interesting? Save it on your wall!A person who would not know the works of N.V. It will be very difficult to find Gogol in our country (and throughout the CIS). And is it worth doing? One of the writer’s most popular masterpieces is “Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka.” Even those who have not read the book have probably seen films or musicals based on stories from this publication. We invite you to study an extremely abbreviated retelling of each work. “Evenings on a farm near Dikanka” (summary) - for your attention.
The secret to the success of works: what is it?
Of course, each person has his own tastes and preferences. But, oddly enough, this collection of stories is liked by both older people and young people. Why is this happening? Most likely, due to the fact that Gogol was able to combine mystical plots, humor and adventures, as well as love stories, in one book. In fact, this is a win-win recipe for success! So, “Evenings on a farm near Dikanka.” The summary will allow you to understand whether it is worth tuning in to read the book in its entirety!
Please note that this book is a collection consisting of two parts. Therefore, we will try to outline in a few sentences what each story is about.
“Evenings on a farm near Dikanka”: a summary of the first part
In the story about the fair in Sorochintsy, the reader can have a lot of fun enjoying the adventures of Cherevik, his charming daughter Parasia, her admirer Grytsko, the enterprising Gypsy and the contentious Khivri, Cherevik’s wife. We can understand that love can work miracles, but immoderate libations and adultery ultimately turn out to be adequately punished!
“The Evening on the Eve of Ivan Kupala” is a story filled with mysticism and some kind of gloomy romance. The plot revolves around Petrus, who is in love with Pedorka, whose wealthy father is not particularly keen to give his daughter as a wife to a poor man. But here, as if it were a sin, he undertakes to help the unlucky lover. Of course, not for nothing. The devil demands a fern flower for his help. Having committed a murder, the young man obtains what Satan wanted from him. But this does not bring him happiness. Petrus himself dies, and his gold turns into skulls...
“May Night, or the Drowned Woman” is a story about how pure love, courage and resourcefulness overcome injustice, even those committed many years ago.
From the story “The Missing Letter” we learn that even devils can be defeated in a card game. To do this, you need to cross the playing cards with sincere faith. True, it is not a fact that after this your spouse will not start dancing every year, completely not wanting to.
“Evenings on a farm near Dikanka”: a summary of the second part
We also learn that it is quite possible to saddle the Devil and fly on it, and courage and enterprise will help to conquer even the most unapproachable beauty! I wonder if this only happens on Christmas Eve?
“Terrible Revenge” is a story that is truly scary! Of course, how can you guess in advance that your wife’s father is a sorcerer? By the way, the story also mentions very real historical figures!
The collection also contains a story about how the ardent desire of an elderly relative (aunt) to arrange the personal life of her nephew (Ivan Fedorovich Shponka) can significantly change a monotonous and measured existence! Is it only for the better?
"Enchanted place." This story tells about the adventures you can get into, even in old age. Eh, you shouldn’t mess with evil spirits!
Happy and fun reading!
The cycle of stories “Evenings on a farm near Dikanka” presents in all its glory a picturesque picture of Ukrainian life in the 17th and 18th centuries. The period in which Gogol created his masterpiece was the happiest in the life of the author, full of grandiose literary plans that were subsequently realized. Along with national recognition, the cycle “Evenings on a farm near Dikanka” received high praise from the brilliant writer of our time, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin.
History of creation
Gogol spent his childhood in one of the most picturesque places in Ukraine - in the Poltava region, in the village of Dikanka. Since ancient times, there have been many fantastic rumors and legends about this place. Echoes of childhood impressions were fully reflected in a number of Gogol’s stories, which formed a single cycle, “Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka.” In 1829, the author began work on the work, and in 1831-1832 the cycle was published and highly appreciated by the literary community. Individual stories from the series “Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka” have undergone many theatrical productions and film adaptations.
Analysis of the work
Description of the work
Each part is preceded by an ironic narration by the imaginary author - beekeeper Rudy Panka.
Sorochinskaya fair. The story is about a savvy, dapper lad Gritska, who won the right to marry the rich lady Paraska with his cunning and resourcefulness. The action is accompanied by a colorful description of the fair and is distinguished by a special satirical depiction of the images of some of the heroes.
The evening before Ivan Kupala. The eerie narrative, shrouded in mystical flavor, says that ill-gotten wealth does not bring happiness to its owner.
May Night or the Drowned Woman. This story partly has something in common with the Sorochinskaya Fair. The young Cossack Levka has a beloved girl, Ganna. To reunite with his future bride, the cunning young man has to turn to the help of a mystical girl - the drowned woman Pannochka.
Missing certificate. The story is permeated with a fantastic flavor with elements of lively Gogol's humor. The grandfather, whose letter, money, horses and hat were stolen, uses the sign of the cross to win the stolen goods from the witch at cards.
Christmas Eve. And again the story of the marriage of a simple and savvy lad to a beautiful lady. The blacksmith Vakula seeks the love of the rich rural beauty Oksana. They find their happiness not without the help of evil spirits. Touched by the blacksmith's innocence, the queen gives the coveted slippers for the blacksmith's future bride.
Terrible revenge. A story written in an epic narrative style. The terrible story of the Cossack ataman Danila Burulbash and his wife Katerina, forced to make a terrible choice regarding their sorcerer father. At the end of the story, the sorcerer pays in full for his terrible crimes.
Ivan Fedorovich Shponka and his aunt. The only purely everyday satirical sketch about a small landowner trying to get his inheritance. The only unfinished story in the Gogol cycle.
Enchanted place. A story about the evil jokes of evil spirits. A phantasmagoric story about the search and discovery of “treasure” in an enchanted place.
Main characters
The heroes of the cycle are divided into several groups:
- young boys possessing both innocence and cunning and ingenuity - Gritsko, Levko and Vakula;
- beautiful ladies whose parents are very picky about their future grooms - Paraska, Ganna, Oksana;
- comic characters shown in the fullness of Gogol's humor - Patsyuk, Chub, Shponka, etc.;
- an evil spirit whose tricks often punish the heroes of some stories in the series (Petrus, Grandfather from the last story) for their passion for wealth, and sometimes the evil spirits become an assistant to cunning and savvy characters in achieving their goal.
Structure of the work
Compositionally, the work consists of 8 stories, located in two books (4 stories in each). An introduction to the colorful world of Ukrainian life is the preface of the imaginary publisher Rudy Panko, which precedes each of the books.
True poetry, seen by the author in the life and traditions of the Ukrainian people, unfolds in its most diverse manifestations: everyday scenes of modern life, historical legends and fantastic folk legends. The abundance of phantasmagoric scenes is intended to give greater contrast to good and evil, the struggle between the Christian principle and devilry.
Final conclusion
Gogol's work is of particular value - the personality of a common man, described with great love, is in no way diminished by the presence of satire. Many characters are described with a fair amount of good humor, gleaned by the author from the real life of Ukrainian peasants of that time. The originality of the style, poetic talent for depicting the natural beauties of the Little Russian village, lyricism and kind laughter make the brilliant cycle of the young writer a true masterpiece of world literature
