Sumerian civilization
However, the question is whether there Sumerian civilization remained only a scientific hypothesis until, in 1877, an employee of the French consulate in Baghdad, Ernest de Sarzhak, made a discovery that became a historical milestone in the study of the Sumerian civilization.
In Tello, at the foot of a high hill, he found a figurine made in a completely unknown style. Monsieur de Sarzhac organized excavations there, and sculptures, figurines and clay tablets began to appear from the earth, decorated with ornaments never seen before.
Among the many items found was a statue of green diorite stone depicting the king and high priest of the city-state of Lagash. Many signs indicated that this statue was much older than any piece of art found until then in Mesopotamia. Even the most cautious archaeologists have admitted that the statue belongs to the 3rd or even 4th millennium BC. e. - that is, to the era preceding the emergence of the Assyrian-Babylonian culture.
Sumerian seals found
The most interesting and "informative" works of applied art, found in the course of lengthy excavations, were Sumerian seals. The earliest examples date back to around 3000 BC. These were stone cylinders 1 to 6 cm high, often with a hole: apparently, many owners of seals wore them around their necks. Inscriptions (in mirror image) and drawings were cut out on the working surface of the seal.
Various documents were fastened with such seals, they were placed by craftsmen on made pottery. Documents were compiled by the Sumerians not on scrolls of papyrus or parchment, and not on sheets of paper, but on tablets of raw clay. After drying or firing such a tablet, the text and seal impression could be preserved for a long time.
The images on the seals were very diverse. The most ancient of them are mythical creatures: bird people, animal people, various flying objects, balls in the sky. There are gods in helmets, standing near the "tree of life", heavenly boats above the lunar disk, carrying creatures similar to people.
It should be noted that the motif known to us as the “tree of life” is interpreted by modern scientists in different ways. Some consider it an image of a certain ritual structure, others - a memorial stele. And, according to some, the "tree of life" is a graphical representation of the double helix of DNA, the carrier of the genetic information of all living organisms.
The Sumerians knew the structure of the solar system
Experts in Sumerian culture consider one of the most mysterious seals the one that depicts the solar system. It was studied, among other scientists, by one of the most prominent astronomers of the 20th century, Carl Sagan.
The image on the seal irrefutably testifies that 5-6 thousand years ago the Sumerians knew that it was the Sun, and not the Earth, that was the center of our "near space". There is no doubt about this: the Sun on the seal is located in the middle, and it is much larger than the celestial bodies surrounding it.
However, the most surprising and important is not even this. The figure shows all the planets known to us today, and in fact the last of them, Pluto, was discovered only in 1930.
But this, as they say, is not all. First, in the Sumerian diagram, Pluto is not in its current location, but between Saturn and Uranus. And secondly, between Mars and Jupiter, the Sumerians placed some other celestial body.
Zecharia Sitchin on Nibiru
Zakharia Sitchin, a modern scholar with Russian roots, a specialist in biblical texts and culture of the Middle East, who speaks several languages of the Semitic group, is an expert in cuneiform writing, a graduate of the London School of Economics and Political Science, journalist and writer, author of six books on paleoastronautics ( officially unrecognized science, searching for evidence of the existence of interplanetary and interstellar flights in the distant past, with the participation of both earthlings and inhabitants of other worlds), a member of the Israel Research Society.
He is convinced that the celestial body depicted on the seal and unknown to us today is another, the tenth planet of the solar system - Marduk-Nibiru.
Here is what Sitchin himself says about this:
There is another planet in our solar system that appears between Mars and Jupiter every 3600 years. The inhabitants of that planet came to Earth almost half a million years ago and did much of what we read about in the Bible, in the Book of Genesis. I predict that this planet, whose name is Nibiru, will approach Earth in our day. It is inhabited by intelligent beings - the Anunnaki, and they will move from their planet to ours and back. They created Homo sapiens, Homo sapiens. Outwardly, we look just like them.
An argument in favor of such a radical Sitchin hypothesis is the conclusion of a number of scientists, including Carl Sagan, that Sumerian civilization possessed vast knowledge in the field of astronomy, which can only be explained as a consequence of their contacts with some extraterrestrial civilization.
Sensational discovery - "Platonov's Year"
Even more sensational, according to some experts, is the discovery made on the Kuyunjik Hill, in Iraq, during the excavations of the ancient city of Nineveh. A text with calculations was found there, the result of which is represented by the number 195,955,200,000,000. This 15-digit number expresses in seconds 240 cycles of the so-called "Plato year", the duration of which is about 26 thousand "normal" years.
The study of this result of the strange mathematical exercises of the Sumerians was taken up by the French scientist Maurice Chatelain, a specialist in communication systems with spacecraft, who worked for more than twenty years at the US space agency NASA. For a long time, Chatelain's hobby was the study of paleoastanonomy - the astronomical knowledge of ancient peoples, about which he wrote several books.
High-precision calculations of the Sumerians
Chatelain suggested that the mysterious 15-digit number can express the so-called Great Constant of the solar system, which allows you to calculate with high accuracy the repetition rate of each period in the movement and evolution of the planets and their satellites.
So Chatelain comments on the result:
In all the cases I have verified, the period of revolution of a planet or comet has been (to within a few tenths) a fraction of the Great Constant from Nineveh, equal to 2268 million days. In my opinion, this circumstance serves as a convincing confirmation of the high accuracy with which the Constant was calculated thousands of years ago.
Further studies showed that in one case the inaccuracy of the Constant still manifests itself, namely in the cases of the so-called "tropical year", which is 365, 242,199 days. The difference between this value and the value obtained using the Constant was one whole and 386 thousandths of a second.
However, American experts doubted the inaccuracy of the Constant. The fact is that, according to recent studies, the duration of the tropical year every thousand years decreases by about 16 millionths of a second. And dividing the aforementioned error by this amount leads to a truly stunning conclusion: The Great Constant from Nineveh was calculated 64,800 years ago!
I consider it appropriate to recall that the ancient Greeks - the largest number was 10 thousand. Everything that exceeded this value was considered by them as infinity.
Clay tablet with a guide to space flight
The next “incredible but obvious” artifact of the Sumerian civilization, also found during the excavations of Nineveh, is an unusual round clay tablet with a note… manuals for spaceship pilots!
The plate is divided into 8 identical sectors. Various drawings are visible on the surviving sections: triangles and polygons, arrows, straight and curved dividing lines. The deciphering of the inscriptions and meanings on this unique tablet was carried out by a group of researchers, which included linguists, mathematicians and space navigation specialists.
The researchers concluded that the tablet contains descriptions of the "travel route" of the supreme deity Enlil, who headed the heavenly council of the Sumerian gods. The text indicates which planets Enlil flew by during his journey, which was carried out in accordance with the compiled route. It also provides information about the flights of "cosmonauts" arriving on Earth from the tenth planet - Marduk.
Map for spaceships
The first sector of the tablet contains data on the flight of the spacecraft, which, on its way, flies around the planets encountered along the way from the outside. Approaching the Earth, the ship passes through the "puffs of steam" and then descends lower into the "clear sky" zone.
After that, the crew turns on the landing system equipment, starts the brake engines and leads the ship over the mountains to a pre-planned landing site. The flight path between the astronauts' home planet Marduk and the Earth passes between Jupiter and Mars, which follows from the surviving inscriptions in the second sector of the tablet.
The third sector shows the sequence of actions of the crew in the process of landing on Earth. There is also a mysterious phrase: "Landing is controlled by the deity Ninya."
The fourth sector contains information on how to navigate by the stars during the flight to the Earth, and then, already above its surface, bring the ship to the landing site, guided by the terrain.
According to Maurice Chatelain, a round tablet is nothing more than a guide to space flights with an appropriate map-scheme attached.
Here, in particular, a schedule for the implementation of the successive stages of the landing of the ship is given, the moments and places of passage of the upper and lower layers of the atmosphere are indicated, the inclusion of brake engines, the mountains and cities over which you should fly over are indicated, as well as the location of the spaceport where the ship should land.
All this information is accompanied by a large number of numbers containing, probably, data on the altitude and airspeed that should be observed when performing the steps mentioned above.
It is known that the Egyptian and Sumerian civilizations arose suddenly. Both were characterized by an inexplicably vast amount of knowledge in various spheres of human life and activity (in particular, in the field of astronomy).
Cosmodromes of the ancient Sumerians
After studying the content of the texts on the Sumerian, Assyrian and Babylonian clay tablets, Zecharia Sitchin came to the conclusion that in the ancient world, covering Egypt, the Middle East and Mesopotamia, there must have been several such places where spacecraft from the planet Marduk could land. And these places, most likely, were located in the territories that ancient legends speak of as the centers of the most ancient civilizations and where traces of such civilizations were actually discovered.
According to cuneiform tablets, aliens from other planets used an air corridor to fly over the Earth, extending over the basins of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. And on the surface of the Earth, this corridor was marked by a number of points that served as "road signs" - they could navigate and, if necessary, adjust the flight parameters for the crew of the spacecraft going to land.
The most important of these points was undoubtedly Mount Ararat, towering over 5,000 meters above sea level. If we draw a line on the map running from Ararat strictly to the south, then it will intersect with the imaginary axial line of the mentioned air corridor at an angle of 45 degrees. At the point of intersection of these lines is the Sumerian city of Sippar (literally "City of the Bird"). Here is the ancient cosmodrome, on which they landed and from which the ships of the "guests" from the planet Marduk took off.
To the south-east of Sippar, along the center line of the air corridor, ending over the swamps of the then Persian Gulf, strictly on the center line or with small (up to 6 degrees) deviations from it, a number of other control points were located at the same distance from each other:
- Nippur
- Shuruppak
- Larsa
- Ibira
- Lagash
- Eridu
Central among them, both in location and in importance, were Nippur (“Crossing Place”), where the Mission Control Center was, and Eridu, located in the very south of the corridor and served as the main landmark when spacecraft landed.
All these points became, in modern terms, city-forming enterprises, settlements gradually grew around them, which then turned into large cities.
Aliens lived on Earth
For 100 years, the planet Marduk was at a fairly close distance from the Earth, and these years, "older brothers in mind" regularly visited the earthlings from space.
The deciphered cuneiform texts suggest that some aliens remained forever on our planet and that the inhabitants of Marduk could land troops from mechanical robots or biorobots on some planets or their satellites.
In the Sumerian epic legend about Gilgamesh, the semi-legendary ruler of the city of Uruk, in the period 2700-2600 BC. the ancient city of Baalbek, located on the territory of modern Lebanon, is mentioned. It is known, in particular, for the ruins of gigantic structures made of stone blocks processed and fitted to each other with high precision, the weight of which reaches 100 tons or more. Who, when and for what purpose erected these megalithic structures remains a mystery to this day.
According to the texts of the clay tablets by the Anunnaki Sumerian civilization called "alien gods" who arrived from another planet and taught them to read and write, transferred their knowledge and skills from many areas of science and technology.
