Elatma old photos. Kasimovsky municipal district of the Ryazan region Support measures for SMEs
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 29, 2014 No. 709 approved the criteria for classifying municipalities of the Russian Federation as single-industry towns. In the Kasimovsky district of the Ryazan region, the Elatomsky urban settlement meets the established criteria (the city-forming enterprise - JSC “Elatomsky Instrument Plant”, medical devices).
At the suggestion of the Government of the Ryazan Region, this municipality is included in the list of single-industry towns of the Russian Federation, approved by the order of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 29, 2014 No. 1398-r. In total, this list includes 319 single-industry towns of the Russian Federation.
A single-industry municipality - Elatomskoye urban settlement is an independent municipality within the Kasimov municipal district.
The urban settlement includes 5 settlements: the working village of Elatma, the state farm "Mayak", the village of Lasinsky, the village of Marsevsky, the village of Chernovsky. The administrative center of the settlement is the r.p. Elatma.
The distance to the city of Kasimov is 23 km, to the regional center - the city district of Ryazan - 206 km.
The basis of the settlement's economy is formed by the city-forming enterprise JSC Elatomsky Instrument Plant (production of electrical equipment, electronic and optical equipment), JSC Elatomsky Butter and Cheese Plant (production of cheeses, butter, whole milk products).
City-forming enterprise JSC "Elatomsky Instrument Plant"
JSC "Elatomsky Instrument Plant" is a diversified one, but the main product is medical devices from the "Home Doctor" series, equipment and furniture for hospitals. The range of manufactured products includes more than 110 items: portable physiotherapy equipment, sophisticated medical and diagnostic equipment, medical furniture, ultrasonic cleaners, polymer products for combating nosocomial infections and much more.
In 1999, the city-forming enterprise was the first among the enterprises of the medical industry in Russia to introduce an international quality system and was certified for compliance with the international standard ISO 9002.
JSC "Elatomsky Instrument Plant" is one of the leading domestic manufacturers of medical equipment and medical products.
Over the past 6 years, 2 large investment projects have been implemented:
Organization of production of medical metal-frame furniture, magnetic therapy devices in the village of Melenki, Vladimir region;
Organization of production of plastic parts for medical furniture, body parts for magnetic therapy devices, medical polymer containers and containers;
In 2016, Elatomsky Instrument Plant JSC signed an agreement with South Korean partners for the supply of technological equipment for
Legal and regulatory framework
Priority program "Integrated development of single-industry towns"
In 2016, the federal priority program "Integrated development of single-industry towns" was approved.
The priority program provides for measures in the field of health care, education, quality of roads, housing and communal services and the urban environment, in the field of development of small and medium-sized businesses.
In order to implement these measures of the priority program in the Ryazan Region, the Governing Council of the single-industry town was created and the program for the comprehensive development of the single-industry town of Yelatma was approved.
In 2017, the following activities were carried out:
in health care:
The current repair of the registration and waiting area in the polyclinic was carried out
An ambulance vehicle (UAZ) was handed over to the Elatomsky hospital;
In accordance with the established quotas for the targeted admission of specialists with higher medical education, the selection of graduate school students was carried out (Elatma - 2 people);
in the field of education:
In the Elatomsky kindergarten, work was completed on the arrangement of the entrance lobby, ramp, handrail, technical means were purchased and installed, and premises were arranged to provide conditions for disabled children.
in the field of road quality:
The main (central) street was repaired
in the field of housing and communal services and the urban environment:
Implemented measures for the improvement of urban public spaces and courtyards
The construction of a road and engineering networks for a complex residential development (44 individual residential buildings)
In order to improve the quality of the urban environment, volunteer clean-ups were held to remove garbage from the territories of abandoned churches; “Round tables” and meetings with the Council of Youth and Youth of the single-industry town of Elatma were held on the topic: “History and architecture of the native land”
in the development of small and medium-sized businesses:
Subsidies were provided to small and medium-sized businesses to compensate for the costs of leasing contracts;
On an ongoing basis, work is carried out to broadly inform SMEs about the financial support provided by the JSC “Corporation“ SME ”. Information is posted on the official websites of the Ministry of Industry and Economic Development of the Ryazan Region, municipalities of the Ryazan Region, organizations of the infrastructure to support SMEs in the Ryazan Region, on the regional portal of small and medium-sized businesses, through territorially separate structural units of the MFC of the Ryazan Region ", at seminars, meetings , round tables, etc .;
Lists of municipal property, as well as procedures for the formation, maintenance and mandatory publication of lists of property for SMEs have been approved.
It should also be noted that in 2016, at the expense of the Monotown Development Fund, a team was trained to manage development projects for the Yelatma monotown. The team included representatives of the Ministry of Industry and Economic Development of the Ryazan Region, the administrations of the Kasimovsky municipal district and the monotown of Yelatma.
SUPPORT MEASURES
On the part of the Foundation for the Development of Single-Industry Towns, support for single-industry towns is carried out in financial and non-financial forms.
Unified list of support measures
In fulfillment of the instructions of the Government of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia has formed a unified list of measures to support single-industry municipalities of the Russian Federation (monotowns) (hereinafter referred to as the Unified List).
The administrators of the Unified List measures include 20 federal executive bodies, organizations and development institutions:
Support measures for SMEs
Primary package of documents for the consideration of projects of the SME Corporation JSC;
Presentation materials;
Property support.
Primary package of documents for consideration of projects of JSC "SME Corporation"
What should be done to get support for the project?
STEP 1. Before applying for support, you need to know exactly whether your company is a small and medium-sized business entity. This can be found out by the TIN number in the Unified Register of SMEs on the website of the Federal Tax Service of Russia.
If your company is included in the Unified Register of SMEs, then you can apply for support. In order for the Corporation, SME Bank and other partner banks to start considering your project, you must:
STEP 2. Download the application forms, questionnaires, checklist and project summary:
Presentation materials
To involve broad groups of citizens in entrepreneurial activities and increase the level of accessibility of support in single-industry towns, the SME Corporation implements a set of measures, which include: financial, property, information and marketing support, expanding the access of SMEs to purchases of major customers. The SME Corporation and SME Bank provide credit and guarantee support to SMEs in single-industry towns within the framework of the National Guarantee System and the SME Lending Incentive Program, using the following specially developed products:
1. Warranty product - a direct guarantee for single-industry towns, issued in conjunction with the guarantee of the Russian Geographical Society (Co-guarantee for single-industry towns).
2. Credit product - providing credit support to SMEs - residents of single-industry towns.
In order to reduce the costs of doing business and improve the legal literacy of small businesses, JSC “Corporation“ SME ”organizes measures of legal (legal) support for SMEs by creating the necessary mechanisms and tools for such support.
Based on the analysis of the practice of creating and running a business of JSC “Corporation“ SME ”, we have developed typical problem situations that arise when SMEs implement business projects, as well as a description of the legal mechanisms for exiting them (hereinafter - cases) in the following areas:
In 1936, the writer Mikhail Koltsov wrote: “In three days you can get from Moscow to Madrid, Sukhum, Novosibirsk, and Constantinople. And it takes three days to get to the city of Elatma in your own Moscow region. She hid herself, this Elatma, in the wilderness, on the Oka, in the summer is buried in gardens, and in the spring and autumn she is buried in mud. " Now from Moscow to Elatma about six hours by car on good and not very good roads. The writer Koltsov wrote about Elatma ... However, the story about Elatma should not start from the thirty-sixth year, and not even from its foundation in the fourteenth century, but from the Jurassic period. It was then that a warm sea splashed in these places, and ammonites crawled along its bottom. They were small - only a dozen centimeters in diameter, but differed from other ammonites of the Jurassic period in that they had a flatter umbilical wall, shorter and more oblique primary ribs. And that's not it. The navel itself is wider. An ordinary person, having found such an ammonite, will not pay attention to his navel, and even more so to the fact that his umbilical wall is flatter, but the geologist S.N. Nikitin, studying the Jurassic outcrops in the Elatma region one hundred and forty years ago, drew and named the representatives of this type of ammonites Cadoceras elatmae or Elatomsky ammonite. So for the first time Elatma appears not just in history, but in the history of the Jurassic period.
Then in the history of Elatma there was a break for one hundred and sixty-six and a half million years, then a glacier came, then left, then mammoths died out, then forests grew, then they became dense, then tribes came there that had no name, but were stone axes, scrapers and choppers. They were engaged in hunting, gathering and running away from wolves 1 and bears, when they happened to steal wild honey from under the nose of clubfoot. Following these tribes came others, and then others, and the fourth or forty-fourth tribes were Meschera and Mordovians. At first, the Meshchera and the Mordovians did not even think of building any cities with walls and ditches for themselves. They had enough dugouts, fenced off with a wicker tail or, in extreme cases, a wooden palisade and guard dogs. Only with the appearance of the Slavs in these parts, who began to crowd out the completely non-warlike tribes of Meshchera and Mordovians, the latter began to build fortified towns. One of these fortress towns was Elatma, which stood on the high bank of the Oka. On the land side, the fortress was surrounded by a three-hundred-meter rampart and a moat filled with water, through which drawbridges were thrown. Both ends of the ditch were locked with sluices. It was an impressive building for those times. The remains of this ditch have survived in the center of Yelatma to this day and represent a small pond overgrown with sedge. The Slavs could not take the fortress by storm or siege. And they didn’t. In the period between the end of the sixties and the beginning of the seventies of the fourteenth century, Dmitry Donskoy simply bought Elatma, which was then called the Mordovian town together with Gorodets Meshchersky, later renamed Kasimov, from the Meshchera prince Alexander Ukovich. A treaty letter has been preserved between Moscow and the Ryazan prince Oleg Ivanovich, dated 1381, in which it is said that Meshchera, bought by the Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy from the Meshchersky prince Alexander Ukovich, remains behind Moscow. After the purchase, the Mordovian town changed its name and became known as Elatma.
Before moving on, it is necessary to tell why, in fact, Elatma is called Elatma. It is clear that she, like any Russian city with a long history, has a full chest of versions, hypotheses and legends about the origin of her own name. The very first and most beautiful legend says that the Meshchera princess, whose name was Elatoma, lived in this place in time immemorial. So the city was named her honor. By the way, Elatma was formerly called Elat, not Elatoma. God knows why. The second legend claims that at the place of Elatma in time immemorial, even before Princess Elatoma, there was a dense spruce forest - in other words, there was an oil-tree darkness or Elatma. According to the third legend, which can be classified as a variant of the second, the darkness was not oil, but under them. On the fourth ... we'd better skip the fourth, which does not fit into any gates of the Elatma fortress, but immediately proceed to the eighth or even the ninth, along which Elatma is translated from Finno-Ugric ..., just land, a place convenient for living. About the tenth, on which Elatma was not built at all with the Mordovians, but the Tatars, and in translation from the Tatar "Elat" means the place where the danger signal comes from, we will not say a word at all.
One way or another, Elatma, as it appeared at the end of the fourteenth century, has not disappeared since then. Her childhood ... However, it was already youth and even youth, since the childhood and youth of Elatma passed, most likely, even before 1381. That year, the fortress, one might say, received a passport and began the usual everyday life of a Moscow outpost on the southeastern borders of the Moscow principality. Ordinary everyday life included then, at the end of the fourteenth, as well as the entire fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, regular raids of the Kazan Tatars, Nogai and Crimean Tatars. Rather, these were the first on the list of incoming. From time to time these raiders themselves were taken prisoner. In 1539, a clerk of the Discharge Order came to Elatma from Moscow and exchanged a group of captured Nogais for Prince Semyon Belsky. Eleven years later, the Elatom governor, Prince Konstantin Kurlyatev, together with the Ryazan governors, defeated the arriving Nogai murzas and drove them over a hundred miles to Shatsk. A year later, "Prince Konstantin Ivanovich Kurlyatev and Semyon Sheremetev and Stepan Sidorov were also beaten in many places." A year later Elatma took the most active part in the Kazan campaign. The troops of Ivan the Terrible stopped on their way to Kazan in Yelatma, where reinforcements were approaching and bringing food and ammunition. Moreover, the advanced regiment included the Elatom warriors under the command of Prince Kurlyatev. For participation in the Kazan campaign, the tsar allowed the residents of Elatom to build a stone church instead of the wooden Church of the Nativity of the Virgin. For its belfry, he presented a bell with the inscription “Gift of Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich”. It is unlikely that the inscription was exactly like that, but ... it is written in all the books and articles about Elatma, so they told me in the local museum of local lore. It was also said that the bell had a high content of silver and therefore it rang not only throughout Elatma, but also to the surrounding fields and meadows. It is no longer possible to check anything, since this bell did not reach us just a few steps - in the 35th year of the last century it was sent to be melted down. The bell added to the national economy a dozen tractor gears or even a whole crankshaft. In the belfry of the church, besides the bell, there was an old weight clock. There was no silver in the cast-iron weights ... and the clock was ringing only for the whole of Elatma - there was no longer enough of them for the surroundings. The watch was also dismantled. Also, probably, they made useful spare parts for seeders and winnowing machines. In 1958, the belfry itself was dismantled for parts for houses, and a food factory was placed in the church itself, which produced jam, soda syrup, pear soda water, lemonade and canned vegetables. An employee of the museum, who had visited this plant with her mother several times as a child, told me that the soda with double pear syrup, which she was treated then ... Moët & Chandon simply cannot be compared. Even semi-sweet. The number of bubbles in Elatom carbonated water was enormous. In their plucking ability in a child's and even an adult's nose, they were not inferior to French champagne and even surpassed them. Not to mention the Moscow ones. In the nineties, the food factory died and now there is a hardware store in the church building - washing powders, clothespins, cockroach repellents and enamel buckets. Before a thunderstorm, it happens that something sounds like a bass in the back room or in the backyard, and what is not clear. It passes quickly, but the saleswoman has anxiety from this hum all over her body and in her chest ... and does not let go for a long time. Or at midnight he starts beating ...
However, we digress somewhat from the history of Elatma. Let's go back to its sixteenth century. Under Fyodor Ioannovich, the governors in Elatma were Ivan Petrovich Protasov, about whom almost nothing is known, and Evstafy Mikhailovich Pushkin, about whom it is known that three years later, after he was appointed governor in Yelatma, he conducted many years of negotiations with Sweden and obtained from her concessions to Karelia, then signed an agreement with the Swedes, then was present in the Golden Chamber during the reception by the tsar of the ambassador of the German emperor, then signed a council decree on the election of Boris Godunov to the kingdom, then he was exiled by the same Godunov to Tobolsk, into disgrace, the second governor and died there ... In the intervals between all these affairs, Efstafy Mikhailovich still managed to become the ancestor of Alexander Sergeevich.
In the middle of the seventeenth century, Grigory Gavrilovich Pushkin 2, a skillful diplomat who took part in negotiations with Poland and Sweden, became the Elatom governor. He was the first boyar and armorer in the Pushkin family, but he was not the ancestor of ours, since he died childless.
In 1637, Prince Shakhovskoy, the Elatom voivode, went to Poland at the head of the embassy. An ordinary embassy, \u200b\u200bwhich needed to discuss the derogation of the sovereign's title in letters, boundary cases and prisoners, but ... it was not the king, not the chancellor, but the sub-chancellor who wanted to take the credential from the ambassador's hands, which was such a derogation of the title of the Russian sovereign, which Shakhovskoy did not allow himself could. The prince simply did not give it to the subchancellor and insisted that the king himself take it and remove the seal from it. Shakhovskoy then returned to Elatma at his place of work. Sometimes, as he drank, he would gather the clerks, podachniks, bailiffs, mailers and let them tell them about how he put the sub-chancellor in his place. Well, naturally he starts with the sub-chancellor and ends with the Polish king. It turned out that he stepped on seven feet on both of them. Or even eight.
Just at the very time when the disgraced Evstafy Mikhailovich Pushkin was dying in Tobolsk, Troubles came to Elatma. You cannot erase words from the song, and therefore we must immediately honestly say that the Elatomians 3 supported the Polish prince Vladislav. Then, of course, they repented and beat Vasily Shuisky with their foreheads, but while there was Troubles, they also managed to take an active part in the peasant uprising of Ivan Bolotnikov. The landlord and monastic estates also got it - the peasants tore out the boundary pillars from the ground, plowed the boundaries and burned boundary lines on the trees. Not far from Elatma, the peasants seized the Andreyanova hermitage and burned all the tsarist letters that secured the right to land for the desert. We wanted to go to Murom…. Well, and then, when the peasants were caught, they already got it ...
As soon as the Troubles ended and Mikhail Romanov sat on the throne, as a new misfortune - Elatma, the last Kasimov tsar Arslan Aleevich wanted to be his inheritance and began to ask the tsar about it. And I would have asked, if the Elatomites had not written a petition to Mikhail's father, Patriarch Filaret, in which they wrote that “they have never been for anyone since the ages”. Here, incidentally, the reports of the Kasimov governors arrived in time that Arslan Aleevich prevented the spread of Orthodoxy by "busurmanil" the newly baptized Tatars and even Russians. Nothing came of the Kasimov tsar. The sovereign granted him "one Elatom tavern", and about Elatma it was written that "the posats' people were not given to him and will not give him." Arslan Aleevich did not refuse the pub either.
Under Peter the Great, Elatma, although it lost its military significance, acquired industrial significance - sailing, rope and glass production arose and developed in it. Local residents sowed hemp with might and main, from which hemp was made. In Yelatma itself, the rope factory of the merchant Gusev and the linen factory of the merchant Korzhevin worked. All their products went to St. Petersburg and Moscow. When the coats of arms of the county towns were approved under Catherine II, the silver sail with golden ropes on a blue background became the coat of arms of Elatma. In addition to the production of sails, ropes and glass, Elatom merchants traded in salt and bread. Elatomsky flour was whiter than others and was of high quality. In general, with regard to economic development, Elatma in the first half of the eighteenth century was ahead of neighboring Kasimov and even looked better than him. Dutchman Cornelis de Bruyne, who sailed past Yelatma on the Oka at the beginning of the eighteenth century, wrote: “This city stands on the top of a mountain and moves significantly inland ... It is quite vast, with eight churches, and several stone houses are located along the left bank of the river. It is surrounded by many villages, and partly by forest, and presents a pretty beautiful view from both sides. "
At the beginning of the eighteenth century, Elatma was assigned to the Kazan province, then it was subscribed from the Kazan province and assigned to the Shatsk province of the Azov province, then the Azov province, together with Elatma, was transformed into Voronezh. In 1722 she was discharged from there and assigned to Kasimov, so that together with him she was transferred to the Ryazan province. Just this year, Pyotr Alekseevich passed through Elatma, setting off for the Persian campaign. In the city he stopped only for one day. During this time, the tsar managed to receive several petitioners and among them the peasant Anton Ivanov from the nearby sedan Bogdanov. Ivanov complained of harassment on the part of the elder Rodion Nikitin, who collected extra taxes and "repaired all sorts of offenses." Peter had no time to investigate the case, but he ordered the Shatsk voivode to “find firmly” the facts given in the petition, to find the defendants, and “which one of them is to blame for that, to inflict a cruel punishment according to the decree, and which of them will be more guilty, they went to hard labor in Petersburg forever. " Nikitin and his accomplices were lucky - the tsar did not rush to the Persian campaign, they could not get to the hard labor in Petersburg alive.
The eighteenth century was not calm in those places. There were almost more robbers from the main road than those driving along the roads of the Tambov province, to which Elatma was then assigned. There were no less river robbers who robbed ships sailing along the Oka. Just ten years before the Pugachevshchina, the burgomaster of the Elatomsky magistrate, the merchant Korzhevin, reported to the Shatsk provincial chancellery that gangs of robbers roamed around Yelatma, attacked ships sailing along the Oka, and more than once robbed his glass factory. In June 1760, the robbers got so unbelievable that they threatened not only to burn down Korzhevin's factory, but also to Yelatma itself, and to kill the burgomaster. The Elatomites had to reinforce the guard and call for help from detective teams from Tambov, Ryazan and Voronezh.
When the first Pugachev detachments appeared in the district, the peasants had already baked bread and salt for their meeting. They were greeted by bells in every village. Noblemen from the villages surrounding Elatma and from the city itself carried off to the bell ringing. The program of the uprising among the local insurgents did not differ in novelty - at first, as scheduled, the robbery and arson of the ill-fated glass factory of the merchant Korzhevin, then the attack on the ships passing along the Oka, then the robbery of everyone who came under the arm and the arson of the landlord estates. It must be said that it was almost impossible to distinguish Pugachev's troops from ordinary bandits. They wandered around Elatma and Kasimov for a long time after the Pugachev uprising had been suppressed. Residents of Elatma hoped for the authorities to protect themselves from robbers, but they themselves did not fail. For example, the merchant of the second guild, Semizorov, the owner of a sulfur-vitriol and paint and varnish factories, kept three guns, two pistols and one blunderbuss in the house. By the way, the descendants of Semizorov still live in Elatma. True, they no longer own either sulfuric vitriol or paint and varnish factories.
1 There is a stuffed wolf in the Elatom Museum of Local Lore. Not prehistoric, of course, but quite modern. The history of this wolf is amazing. As a small wounded wolf cub, a local forester found him in the forest, brought him home, cured and domesticated him. The wolf lived with him all his adult life. Lived like a dog. In a good sense of the word. After the wolf died, the forester ordered to make a stuffed animal out of it, which ended up in the museum. The kids who come to the museum love to take pictures with the wolf, and he predicts the weather for the museum staff. Before the rain, the scarecrow begins to smell more like a wolf. God knows from what, but it is.
2 Grigory Gavrilovich was appointed a “comrade” to Prince Lvov, who headed the embassy in Poland. * Pushkin was arrogant and did not want to go because it was humiliating for him to be a “comrade” with run-down Lvov. Lvov did not become in debt and, in turn, dashed off a complaint against Pushkin, in which he wrote that he "dishonored" him. The tsar, without thinking twice, ordered Pushkin to be imprisoned, and there Grigory Gavrilovich quickly realized that Lvov was not so seedy and that the ambassadorial ration was better than the prison one. The uncomplicated Pushkin was just so bad with money ... In short, he accepted the appointment. From the treasury he was given 680 rubles of travel allowances, but this seemed to Pushkin not enough and he beat his forehead at the Ambassadorial Prikaz, tearfully complaining about his "thinness" and asking to add at least something. It must be said that the clerks at the Ambassadorial did not even refuse that. They gave him forty rubles and ordered him to "secretly visit" about Poland's relations with its neighbors for the same money. And so he went ...
* The instructions to Lvov were told: “And at the king's table, if he will call you, sit you politely, dignifiedly and cautiously ... and do not push yourself too hard and do not say bad words among yourself and do not enter into swearing ... but hawkers and drunks, who are led, to the royal court and not imati at all. " Or so ... "For the time being, their everyday life is better, so that I don't cut off the wrong one - he gave me the pamphlet to read as a mandate, so that he would not try to live there foolishly, like ours." Or so ... "There will be a debate with vodka - answer:" No, guys-democrats - just tea! "
3 It is Elatma residents, not Elatma residents, as the inhabitants of Elatma should be called according to the rules of the Russian language. This is due to the fact that before the times of Peter the Great, Elatma was called Elat. It is interesting that the inhabitants of Elatma are still Elatom residents and everything they have is Elatom, including the Elatomsky Instrument Plant and the Elatomsky Psychoneurological Boarding School.
What is still left of the moat that surrounded the Elatom fortress.
Dead shopping arcade.
Also shopping arcade, but half-dead.
Square in front of the shopping arcade.
The field on which the city cathedral stood.
Elatma is a village on the Oka, in the Kasimovsky district of the Ryazan region. Before the revolution, Elatma was a district town in the Tambov province, in which it was the extreme northern point, and in the Ryazan region it is somewhere in the outskirts. Over the past 110 years, the city has become a village, and the population has declined by a quarter. The well-preserved public buildings of the beginning of the 20th century testify to the former county status, and the somehow laid asphalt, ruins of churches, two somehow black Ilyichs and colorful shop signs testify to the development in the last 90 years.
The first stop is at the ruins of the 19th century Ascension Church. I recalled the Serpukhovskoe Zanarya.
The street is closer to the outskirts. The tricolors on the poles are truly patriotic - the dog will not reach to spoil.
Trinity Church. They write that the XVII century, I do not know.
What remains of the Elias Church from the middle of the 18th century.
There is another church in the city, a cemetery. I have not seen her, but she seems to be the only one active and in good condition. But there is enough of it - judging by the looks of the majority of local residents, they do not need anything at all, except for the wine department.
And once Heroes were born in Elatma ...
We move to the central square. The most stylish building is the shopping arcade (early 19th century).
Behind the rows are the later commercial buildings.
The black Lukich Ilyich strictly supervises trade.
The pre-revolutionary three-story building is something like a local business center.
Nice shop.
Next to the trade is a library with a colorful hammer and sickle. The folk path to it is not traced, and the truth is - what for the goat boyan?
Let's continue our inspection of the area. Iron-shaped house with a cafe.
There was little time, but I turned a little to the neighboring streets. This modest house houses the village administration.
Another street. All sorts of modest, but solid houses.
Ex. zemstvo council.
In a small side street there are two educational buildings from the early 20th century. Before that - Black Lukich-2.
The stylish building from the 1910s is clearly dated.
The most beautiful residential building in Yelatma is the house of the merchant Popova.
Near Popova's house there is a good view of the Oka. Judging by the satellite map, in this place there is a sophisticated system of oxbows, and now there is flood.
Ex. prison castle.
So as not to end up in prison - another public building. From the car I saw some more good buildings, but there was no time to stop at every time.
Now there are a few neighborhoods, on the road between Elatma and Kasimov. From the car window I photographed two Assumption churches. This is in the village of Ermolovo (late 18th century).
This one is in Kotorovo.
Some villages are also interesting, primarily with stone sheds overlooking the street. These are the villages of Bolshoi Kusmor and Kurmysh. I thought about the Tatars, but I sat down at the churches, and I did not find these in the list of villages of Kasimov Tatars. If anyone knows why such a feature exists in this particular area - share it.
Dear visitors of EtoRetro.ru, you have a collection old photos of the city of Elatma? Join us, post your photos, rate and comment on the photos of other members. If you recognized the place in the old photo, the address, or recognized the people in the photo - then please let us know this information in the comments. Project participants, as well as ordinary visitors will be grateful to you.
Our participants have the opportunity to download old photos in original quality (large size) without the project logo.
What is retro photography, or how old should it be?
What can be considered an old photograph worthy of publication on our project? This is absolutely any photo, from the moment of the invention of photography (the history of photography begins in 1839) and ending with the end of the last century, everything that is now considered history. And more specifically, these are:
- photographs of Elatma in the middle and end of the 19th century (usually 1870s, 1880s, 1890s) - the so-called. very old photographs (you can also call old ones);
- soviet photography (photo of the 20s, 30s, 40s, 50s, 60s, 70s, 80s, early 90s);
- pre-revolutionary photograph of Elatma (up to 1917);
- military retro photographs - or photographs from the time of the war - this is the First World War (1914-1918), the Civil War (1917-1922 / 1923), the Second World War (1939-1945) or, in relation to our Motherland, the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945) , or BOB;
What should be captured in the photo?
Anything, be it streets, buildings, houses, squares, bridges and other architectural structures. It can be and, and another type of transport of the past, from to carts. These are the people (men, women and children) who lived in those days (including old family photos). All this is valuable and of great interest to the visitors of EtoRetro.ru.
Collages, vintage postcards, posters, vintage cards?
We also welcome both series of photos (using the ability to upload several photos in one publication) and collages (elaborate combination of different photos, as a rule, of the same place using some kind of graphic editor) - type - it was / became, somehow immersed in a kind of time travel, reflecting a look into the past. The same place on the project and
Elatma is located on the steep bank of the Oka at the utmost distance from the regional center. From Ryazan two hundred miles through Spas-Klepiki, Tuma, Gus-Zhelezny and Kasimov. There was a time, and we got there by air, when there was an airfield in the village. The modern economy is certainly hampered by the lack of a railway. This is partly to blame for the Kasimov merchants and officials of the 19th century, who did not want to change the chosen course for the development of river transport.
Modern Elatma on the economic map is a major center of Russian instrument making. A local factory with a European level of certification produces about 5% of medical equipment nationwide. Elatomsk almagi and other devices from the “home doctor” series for the treatment of arthritis, osteochondrosis, arthrosis, fractures, ulcers and dozens of other diseases are known far beyond the region. The food industry is not lagging behind either. Butter, milk, cheese, fermented baked milk, kefir and other products of the Elatomsky creamery are in high demand. Mentions require a high school with a century of work experience, a vocational school, a communal enterprise, a regional hospital and a children's music school. Life in Elatma is in full swing, albeit on a slow fire. The remoteness from the regional center, as well as from Vladimir and Nizhny Novgorod, slows down the pace of development, and the very appearance of Yelatma is more reminiscent of the appearance of a county town of the 19th century, which seems to have not changed at all since then. This impression is fleeting: asphalt, shop signs and the torn domes of battered churches noticeably dilute the landscape with elements of the 20th century heritage. A walk in Elatma and its environs allows you to plunge into the world of the era of dinosaurs, and during the Troubles, and in the era of the Great Moscow Plague, and in Soviet reality.
How old is Elatma, the question is not easy. The town was first mentioned in a treaty charter of 1381. The document attested to the act of buying the town by the triumphant of the Battle of Kulikovo - Moscow prince Dmitry Donskoy. The city was founded by the Meshcheryaks and Mordovians and acquired by the Moscow princes from the local Meshchera prince Alexander Ukovich. In those days, Elatma served as a military fortress, from the south and north-west it had a moat and a rampart, and from the side of the river the city was protected by the impregnable slope of the Oka valley. However, 1381 is only the year of the first mention. The settlement itself is much older, which is hinted at by toponymists - researchers of the origin of names. The roots of the name of the town are sought out by authoritative scientists in Finno-Ugric dictionaries. First of all, the Mari "yulaltyms" suggests itself, that is, "scorched", "a place cleared from the forest." The Finns also have their own trump cards, where the word "elyama" is translated as "life". Even among the related Sámi, the word "elet" is perceived as "residential" or "habitable." The Tatar version with the translation "busy place" is close. These versions are considered much more scientific than the consonance with the Russian "oil of darkness", and even more so with the name of the mythical princess Elatoma, evidence of whose existence has not been found at all.
According to the Tyan-Shansky, three versts from Yelatma upstream of the Oka River there used to be the village of Adrianova Pustyn, where even under Ivan the Terrible a male hermitage was founded, which existed until 1764: here and there near the village not so long ago on the steep slopes of the local ravines and valleys of the Oka, one could see the entrances to man-made caves dug by monks. The entrance to them was fenced off and locked by a door due to landslides, and before, according to old residents, it was possible to walk into the cave more than a mile away.
In 1426, the Grand Duke Vasily II gave Yelatma, together with Kadom, to the Protasyev patrons, and so governors and governors appeared in the city. In the Time of Troubles, the authorities of Yelatma, together with the Shatsk and Kasimovs, turned out to be collaborators - they showed loyalty to the Polish interventionist, the usurper of the Russian throne, False Dmitry. This lasted for about a year, until August 1608, when the troops loyal to the Fatherland under the leadership of Fyodor Sheremetyev swept away the foreigners. In the middle of the 17th century, a relative of the future great Russian poet, Grigory Gavrilovich Pushkin, became the Elatom governor, whom Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich included in the embassy to the Polish king Vladislav, and for the successful fulfillment of the order he was promoted from the Duma noblemen to the okolnichy.
Elatma was strongly influenced by administrative reforms, which repeatedly redrawn the grid of Russian regions. Since the time of Peter I, the town has managed to be part of the Kazan, Azov, Voronezh, Tambov and Ryazan provinces, and each time Elatma was at the utmost distance from the control center. First, in 1708, Peter signed a decree on the creation of provinces, of which there were only eight for the entire empire (and this is from St. Petersburg to the Sea of \u200b\u200bOkhotsk), and Elatma became part of the Kazan province, the prototype of today's Tatarstan. Then, in 1719, the borders were redrawn, and Elatma was already included in the Shatsk province of the Azov province, which united the middle zone of Russia with the Black Sea region. In 1725, the Azov province was renamed into Voronezh, and in this form the country developed for more than half a century. And in the reign of Catherine II, when governor-general districts and governorships with districts were established, for the first time since the days of the Ryazan principality, something Ryazan took shape. The Ryazan governorship appeared on the maps, and Elatma and the city of Kasimov were added to it. And only the Elatomites began to develop ties with the leadership in Ryazan, as just a year later, in October 1779, they were transferred to the governorship of Tambov. Then in 1796, under Paul I, the governorships were transformed into provinces, and Elatma lost the status of a district town. In 1802, preserving the names of the provinces to the former governorships, Alexander I returned the former divisions into districts to them. In the same year, Elatma was again promoted to the district town of the Tambov province, and it remained so until 1923, and since then it has become a full-fledged part of the Ryazan region. That is why there is so little information about Yelatma in the Ryazan funds - it should be collected bit by bit in the archives of Kazan, Voronezh and Tambov.
During this time, ropeway production was developed in Elatma - shipbuilding and rafting along the rivers in the 18th century caused a great demand for hemp, which was made from hemp, so the peasants willingly sowed it. Hemp fiber was among the hottest goods, and the Elatomsky factory worked to export goods to the capitals. The residents of Elatom were also distinguished by the production of flour, which was famous for its special whiteness.
The town was once decorated with 13 churches, one Jewish prayer house and two mosques. If you enter Elatma from the side of the village of Inkino, then on Volodarsky Street you will see the dilapidated bell tower of the Ascension Church, which was erected in 1795 by merchants Akulina and Elizaveta Vinokhodovy. From the inside, the dome of the temple was decorated with images of figures of God the Father and God the Son, at whose feet there was a globe. Since then, no murals, no bells, no spiers have remained. The Elias Church, built in 1747, also turns into ruins. It differed from other local churches in its interior decoration: the iconostases in it were of an old form, with figured carvings and solid gilding. In its sacristy, the gospel was kept in a copper setting with gilded silver images of Christ and the evangelists minted in 1730, a silver chalice dated 1741. Under Soviet rule, icons and valuables were requisitioned, the iconostasis was destroyed, church books were burned, the bells were removed, the temple was beheaded and the high bell tower was rebuilt into a water tower, breaking the upper tier of the belfry. Later, a new water tower was erected next to the bell tower. At the end of the 70s of the XX century, they tried to dismantle the church into bricks, but a strong lime mortar interfered.
On Yanina Street there is a wooden merchant house of the Popovs, built in the 19th century. Its mistress was Maria Andreevna Popova, nee Princess Kildisheva. She kept churches, orphanages in Yelatma, was a trustee of schools, and allocated funds for road repairs. Old-timers recalled how Popova brought felt boots to first-grader girls in winter, and there was always a table with bread for poor people outside the gates of her house. At the same time, Popova was running a profitable business: she pledged steamers, giving 70% of the cost of ships, and in case of non-payment of money on time, she kept them with her. That is how Popova became the owner of the steamers "Abraham" and "Brothers Lyakhov", renaming the latter into "Children of Popov".
Further down the street is the Elatomsky House of Culture, one of the premises of which is occupied by the Museum of Local Lore. Before the revolution, the building housed a real school, and after - the People's House. Nearby is the Kozikha pond. In the middle of the last millennium, it was a moat, behind which towered brick watchtowers and double wooden walls. Behind the pond is the territory of an ancient settlement. Here is a former prison castle, or just a prison. According to archival data, the Elatomsky prison castle was built by the tsarist government in 1853 for 22 thousand rubles. Stone, two-storey with a semi-basement (basement) residential floor, two residential wings, the castle was surrounded by a high stone fence. He had shared cells for 58 people and two single cells. Under Soviet rule, from 1918 to the 1950s, first "class enemies" and then "enemies of the people" were imprisoned here, convicted under the infamous Article 58. After Stalin's death, all buildings of the prison castle were converted and used for housing, as well as for training laboratories and workshops at the Elatomsk vocational school.
And the central part of the settlement was once decorated with the most ancient church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the city, which once belonged to a male monastery. In honor of the victory of the Russian troops in the capture of Kazan, a belfry tower was built near the church, and a bell with the inscription "Gift of Tsar John Vasilyevich" was suspended from it. In 1958 the belfry was dismantled and the bell was melted down for the needs of the national economy. All that remains today is a nondescript structure that hides behind the trees near the Victory Monument.
At the end of the boulevard there is a two-story white building on the bank of a pond. This is the former Zemskaya government. Now there is a boarding school for orphans. And if you walk along the alley along the park, it will lead you to the red brick building of the former women's gymnasium, which opened in Yelatma in 1901. From a four-year student, she soon became an eight-year student. In the courtyard between the building of the former women's gymnasium and the House of Culture, there are several hundred-year-old lime trees. This is all that remains of the square, which was once planted by school students.
On a parallel street, which under Soviet rule was named after Apollo Ivanovich Grave, and then was renamed into Lunacharsky Street, there is a so-called gray school. The name of Grave was given to the street after the chairman of the school council of the Elatomsky district achieved the opening of a gymnasium in Elatma. It took Apollo Grave six years to do this. In the year the first world financial crisis began, later called the "Long Depression", a four-year gymnasium was opened in Yelatma. In 1873, similar ones appeared in St. Petersburg, and in Moscow, and other large cities of the Russian state. One of the graduates of the gymnasium will be the aviator Alexander Vasiliev, who will be the first to set the all-Russian height record of a thousand meters. After graduating from the gymnasium, having passed the exam, one could enter the university. Most of the students in the gymnasium, according to the recollections of the old-timers, were visitors. For none of the cities closest to Elatma - Kasimov, Murom, Vyksa, Kadoma, Shatsk, Temnikov - had gymnasiums. High school students, like the military, were forbidden to keep their hands in their pockets, violate the established uniform and change into civilian clothes. On pain of expulsion from the gymnasium, they were forbidden to smoke and drink alcohol, and also to appear on the street later than 19.00. The evening cultural events and performances could only be attended by parents. For serious misconduct, the students were supposed to serve in a punishment cell for a whole day. The punishment cell was a narrow room with a bed with a straw mattress, a blanket and a pillow, a table, a stool, a kerosene lamp on the table, and a warm stove. The window was high, two meters from the floor.
A solid two-story white building with 14 windows on the facade of the second floor was given to the Elatomsky gymnasium. A large two-story red brick building with spacious assembly and sports halls was added to it. At the beginning of the 20th century, the building with the gymnasium church was plastered and whitewashed, most of the two-storey educational building was broken, and instead of the demolished part of the building, a more spacious, light gray two-storey building with high ceilings and wide windows was built. The Elatomians named it that way - “the gray school”.
Through the pond and park, bypassing Victory Square, the road will lead to the main square of the town - Bazarnaya. In 1810, according to the project of the "architect's assistant" Grigoriev, which was signed by the architects Visconti and Russko, a shopping arcade was built here. Before the revolution, there were five shops in the shopping arcade building. Rubber galoshes were in great demand. And today the malls continue to fulfill their function. Once, the square had a single historical style - the facades of the buildings were in harmony and nothing distracted the eye. Today, in addition to the fact that the malls suffer from local vandalism, the square itself has lost its former image. The former Bazaar Square, and now Lenin, as evidenced by the monument to the leader, was called Cathedral before the revolution, since the largest temple in Yelatma was located nearby in the city garden - the Transfiguration Cathedral, built in 1748. Under Soviet rule, the cathedral was demolished. In its place, a flat playground was arranged, where children are currently playing football. Today, the only thing that catches the eye next to the city park, where the church stood, is the building of the rural library - brick and gray, with an enduring crosshair of a hammer and sickle.
If you go down from the square to the Oka, the road will pass by the ruins of the Resurrection Church. It was built in 1773 in memory of the miraculous salvation of Elatma from the plague of 1770-1772. The Trinity Church is also in ruins - one of the oldest, built in 1631. The Church of the Holy Spirit built in 1834 was more fortunate than the others - it was completely renovated, and today services are held within its walls. But many churches of Elatma have not survived at all. Historians in the local museum of local lore will tell about them, as well as about other historical monuments, best of all: there are many archival documents and photographs about the history of the town.
The customs of the inhabitants of Elatma at the end of the 19th century became the subject of research by A.P. Zvonkova. His work "Modern marriage and weddings among the peasants of the Tambov province of the Elatomsky district" was published in 1889. To read it for today's youth means to arm yourself with arguments in an eternal conversation with parents on the topic “We were not like that in our youth”. This is what Zvonkov wrote about the morality of the peasant youth. “In Yelatomsky uyezd, if it was noticed at a gathering that any of their participants liked to“ rush from one to the other, ”she acquired a reputation as“ erring ”and lost“ all her charm in the eyes of young people ”. Her friends avoided her, and the guys laughed at her. To fall in love with a girl with such a reputation was "ashamed in front of comrades," and to marry her was "a shame in front of parents, a gap in front of the world." To an even greater extent, all this applied to a girl who went far in her relationship with a guy; neither he nor anyone else in the village took her as a wife. Even a widower will disdain such a girl, since he thinks that she will be a bad mother, and the mistress is unreliable. A lot of endurance and prudence is required from a girl - otherwise her share will be unenviable. A rather high degree of frankness in the expression of the attractions of young people of two sexes, salty jokes, rude and sometimes immodest caresses - all this was quite organically included in the peasant's ideas about what was permissible, but at the same time public opinion approved the constancy of couples and the preservation of a certain limit in the degree of intimacy, for which they stepped over, as a rule, only after the wedding. "
Elatma and its surroundings will undoubtedly be of interest to nature lovers and researchers. Two kilometers north of the village, on the slope of the Oka valley, cut by ravines, a relict forest is preserved. "Les Panika" - a kondovaya oak grove with maple, elm, ash, linden and black alder - hides the habitat of the rarest northern orchid - the Venus's shoe. This plant in the Ryazan region has not been seen by anyone since the mid-1970s, despite numerous attempts to find it. The strange orchid slowly develops underground, and gives out the first flowers only at the 17th year of life. The mystery of the disappearance of the Venus shoe contrasts especially with the stories of the old-timers of Elatma about how, as schoolchildren, in the pre-war years, they gave bouquets of orchids to teachers for the graduation party. But the majority of both local residents and guests of Elatma today go to Panic for a completely different reason - for the purest water to the spring. The water pressure is small, and on weekends a whole line of people is lined up on the slope, the pace of progress of which is exclusively slowed down by water hunters with 20-30-liter flasks. There is a bench and a gazebo for those who are waiting.
The seepage of spring water is confined to the bottoms of the ravines, where a layer of clay is exposed, which serves as a water-resistant layer. Black oily clay - the sediments of the Jurassic sea bottom - can be seen not only in the ravines, where it, saturated with water, floats underfoot, but also on the banks of the Oka, especially south of Elatma. Back in the middle of the 19th century, Nikolai Petrovich Vishnyakov, a well-known collector, wrote: “To my greatest joy, I found that real Murchison Jurassic formation in the ravines to the right of Elatma ... The abyss of fossils, we do not have time to collect ... Anyuta (wife) and I collected fossils and yet did not choose everything that comes across. The abyss of griffey and ammonites cover the coast and everything is in magnificent specimens, especially ammonites ... What we collected near Elatma far surpasses everything that I saw in the University Museum and at Trautschold. " In these clays, paleontologists in 1878 discovered a species of extinct creatures previously unknown to science - ammonites, the ancestors of modern octopuses, and they gave the name after the place of discovery - cadoceras elatmae - Elatom ammonite. Information about the finding of the bones of the sea lizard - ichthyosaur - needs to be verified.
Forests near Elatma are mostly coniferous. The Zaoksky forests, into which the ferry crossing will help to penetrate, are visible for many kilometers. They stretch as an endless ocean eastward to Kadom and Nizhniy Novgorod, and northward to Murom. These forests hide the sandy hills of the Vyanskie Hills, which by heroic efforts once managed to be planted with pine, but the fire of 2010 scattered all the hopes of forest workers to dust. The dominance is held by the pine. On wetter and richer soils, an admixture of spruce appears. There have never been problems with the collection of boletus. Juniper and viburnum, mountain ash and wild rose, hazel and wild raspberry grow in the undergrowth, and bird cherry and prickly blackberry grow in the floodplain. It is worth visiting these places to get acquainted with black grouse and capercaillie, waders nest on flooded meadows, and cranes, bean goose, and even whooper swans are found on migration. In the creeks, oxbows and lakes near Elatma there are a lot of roach, bream, pike, pike perch, perch, ide and sterlet, which is why there are a dime a dozen fishermen here at any time of the year.
