Chernykh a. Chernykh Evgeny Nikolaevich Other discovered asteroids

Observations were made on famous Zeiss telescope, which now stands
V expositions of the Irkutsk Museum of Local Lore.

Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykhremembered :
-

1957 was declared the International Geophysical Year.
In all over the world conducted comprehensive research V geophysics
And astronomy.
students Nicholas And Ludmila Chernykh two summer seasons V Irkutsk
noctilucent cloud observation program.

In 1961 by advice A.A. Kaverina N.S. Chernykh enteredV graduate school of the Institute
theoretical astronomy (ITA)V Leningrad.

Early 1963 N.S. Chernykh did a short internship
by photographic astrometry V Pulkovo observatory.

In connection with organization of observations of minor planets in September 1963 Nikolai StepanovichAnd Lyudmila Ivanovna Chernykh was and directed V Crimean Astrophysical Observatory (KrAO) and was and accepted V observatory staff V as junior researcherov .
Subsequently, they held the positions of Senior And Leading Research Fellowov .
Nikolai Stepanovichalso supervised a specialized observational laboratory By exploration of minor planets (asteroids).

As a specialist By astrometry And theoretical astronomy took part
V various research And observation programs of this profile, carried out V CrAO.
IN for many years N.S. Chernykh participatedV program of positional observations of distant spacecraft on 2.6m reflector ZTSh (Mirror telescope named after G.A. shina) With the use of television technology.
WITH with his participation, series of observations of many interplanetary automatic stations were obtained, launched V USSR To moon, Venus And Mars,
and some other space objects.
He participated V the first work in the USSR on laser ranging of the Moon,
organized V CrAO Simeiz Group of the Physics Institute
named after P.N. Lebedev Academy of Sciences of the USSR.

After launch ( April 2, 1963 ) automatic station "Luna-4" N.S. Chernykh participatedV ongoing research With using equipment installed
on this spacecraft, but on third day of the program,
those. April 5 due flight path deviations from estimated,automatic
station "Luna-4" passed on distance 8,500 kilometers from surface of the moon
And lost V outer space.

In 1963 Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykhstarted a minor planet observation program
And comets on double 40-cm astrograph of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory .

In 1964 by initiative spouses Cherny V The Leningrad Institute of Theoretical Astronomy formed the "Crimean Group", whose task it was to manage
V Crimean Astrophysical Observatory for Observations of Minor Planets (asteroids).
Team Leader co side of the ITA was appointed Lyudmila Ivanovna Chernykh ,
A scientific And the methodological guidance of the work of the group was entrusted
onNikolai Stepanovich Chernykh .
He led the group before the very last day of life.
IN for many years By the number of observations of minor planets
The Crimean group was the world leader.

jointly With L.I. Chernykh he developed a method of observation And processing, investigated the astrometric properties of a double 40-cm astrograph, some components of this telescope have been improved, observers trained from number of employees, enrolled V staff of the Crimean ITA group.
Behind 30 years of work on this program has accumulated a huge observational material, which serves as the foundation for many studies in the field of celestial mechanics and the structure of the solar system: more 6300 positions For 80 comets
And more 65000 provisions For minor planets.

The combined CRAO-ITA group led by him occupied V leading position for many years V International Minor Planet Observing Service.
results, received V Crimea, represent an overview, who turned out to be one from most complete behind entire history of photographic observations of minor planets.
Crimean astrometric observations cover over 80 percent
minor planets,famous on This moment.
Black Group discovered a large number of new minor planets , from which 1285 cataloged And got permanent numbers, and 537 (! ) of which are open personallyNikolai Stepanovich Chernykh .
Among them Trojan group asteroid(2207) Antenor;
two periodic comets: 74P/Smirnova - Black And 101P/Black .
IN ranking of the discoverers of minor planets, activity-based
1459 astronomical organizations And astronomers of the world, By condition
on July 2014 Black group ranked 31st .

These outstanding achievements, which are of great importance Not just because,
What it expands our knowledge O structure of the asteroid belt.

N.S. Chernykh took an active part V observations.
Suffice it to say, what in collective result of the ITA-KrAO group on its share is about 30% of observations ,over 40% of minor planet discoveries
And the bulk of comet research .

For bright Comet Ikeya-Seki , Bennett, halleyAnd others received by him Not only extensive series of positional observations, but also took a lot of pictures,which made it possible to study the large-scale structure of these comets,trace the evolution of comet tails on large enough
parts of the orbit before and after perihelion.
Actively observed Comet Shoemaker-Levy And her fall on Jupiter.
Black Group many other comets have been observedAnd asteroids
With unusual orbits.
IN particular, comet observations were made 67R Churyumova-Gerasimenko V the period immediately after its opening,this helped to conduct an exhaustive analysis of the evolution of the comet's orbit, what in turn V largely determined the choice of it as a goal For space mission "Rosetta".
By program of this space mission on way To comet 67p September 5, 2008 Rosetta probe approached With asteroid 2867 Steins, V during which the probe made a successful flight around the asteroid And took pictures of its surface
With distances about 800 kilometers.
Asteroid 2867 Steins was discoveredNovember 4, 1969 in Crimean Astrophysical Observatory Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh .

IN last years N.S. Chernykh actively worked V asteroid research areas,converging With earth (International project Spaceguard) .
By his initiative And with his direct involvement V A high-aperture 64 cm telescope was restored at the Crimean Observatory With for the purpose of using it to observe near-Earth asteroids.
American Planetary Society Crimean group Grant Shoemaker
For CCD telescope equipment ( With charge coupling device - approx.)
camera And computers.
In 2000 on this telescope began observing individual asteroids, comets and other objects.
The results obtained showed O the great possibilities of this observational installation.
Nikolai Stepanovich expected, What turning on the 64 cm telescope
V active surveillance will be a new stage V research of minor planets in the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory.

Over 1200 minor planets, open under leadership N.S. And L.I. Chernykh have been named, And the names of many great figures of Russian science are inscribed in the register of objects of the solar system And culture, geography And history of our country,
names of the heroes of the Great Patriotic War And our contemporaries, which is of great patriotic significance.

Spouses of the Blacksnamed the minor planets they discovered also in honor
expensive places And people associated With their youth.
IN small planets appeared in outer space (asteroids)"Angara " ,
"Baikal" , "Irkutsk" , "Sayans" ...
In honor of institute teacher Alex I am Aleksandrovich Kaverin
named an asteroid Kaverin"; V memory about Alexandra Valentinovich Vampilov ,
famous playwrightlived V Irkutsk named asteroid " Vampilov",
A "Valgrirasp" - V writer's honor Valentina Grigorievich Rasputina .
to one from asteroids discovered by him (minor planets) N.S. Chernykh gave a name
"Sheragul"By village name, V who passed his school years, and to another -
"Irpedina"V honor of the Irkutsk Pedagogical Institute, V where he graduated.
Asteroid "Grachevka",open Nikolai Stepanovich , got his name
By the name of the village of Grachevka, Usmansky district, Lipetsk region.
IN this village were born And the parents of the scientist grew up.

N.S. Chernykhwas a member of the International Astronomical Union (MAS),
two commissions of this union, IAU working group By research on approaching asteroids With earth, and member of the European And Eurasian Astronomical Societies.
The results of his observational program have consistently been praised in the materials of the MAC and repeatedly noted V decisions
Plenums of the Astro-Council of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

N.S. Chernykh - author of more than 200 scientific papers And co-author of three
collective monographs on minor planets
(asteroids main asteroid belt) .

Since 1998 he was Scientific Advisor of the Ukrainian
Ecological Academy of Sciences .

He was awarded the degree of Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences.

Some asteroids discovered by Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh:
-

Awards:
For achievements in the field of observations and discoveries of small planets and comets
Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykhwas awarded the medal of the Astrosoviet three times
"for the discovery of new astronomical objects"
( V 1975, 1977 And 1982 ) .

In 2003 he became the first scientist to be awarded the medal of the International Astronomical Society "For outstanding scientific achievements of the year".

N.S. Chernykh - Laureate of the International Prize "Slavs" of the Ukrainian Ecological Academy of Sciences (1998 ) , Laureate of the Prize of Prominvestbank of Ukraine "For a significant contribution to the development of domestic science" (2001 ) and Laureate of the E.P. Fedorova
Academy of Sciences of Ukraine(2004 ) .

Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykhwas awarded:
Badge of Honor of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences(1984 ) ;
Medal of Nicolaus Copernicus of the Polish Academy of Sciences.

He was also awarded commemorative medals in honor of outstanding scientists
and diplomas of various organizations, in including:
Medal named after Academician M.F. Reshetnev Federation of Cosmonautics of Russia (2000 ) ;
Medal named after Academician S.A. Chaplygin ("For patriotic service
Russian Science" ,in 2000 ) ;
Medals named after astronomers Fritz Blumbach and Karl Steins ;
Medal of the Yu.A. Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center ;
Medal "Founder of Cosmonautics K.E. Tsiolkovsky".

N.S. Chernykh marked:
Diploma of the Soviet Committee of War Veterans for active participation
in the work on the heroic-patriotic education of youth (1979 ) ;
Diploma of the All-Union Astronomical and Geodetic Society(VAGO)
"For the discovery of new astronomical objects and active propaganda
natural science knowledge" (1982 ) ;
Honorary Diploma of VAGO"For achievements in the development of astronomy" (1987 ) ;
Honorary Diploma "For Strengthening Friendship Between Nations"
Peoples' Friendship University of Russia(2001 ) ;
Diploma of the City Hall of Novosibirsk
(For perpetuating the memory of famous residents of this city) .

He was awarded the title:
Honorary citizen of the city of Gabrovo (Bulgaria);
Honorary Member of the Academic Council of the Faculty "Information Systems
and technology" Russian State Technical University
named after K.E. Tsiolkovsky (2002 ) ;
Honorary Member of the Union of Cinematographers of Ukraine (1999 ) ;
Honorary Member of the Voluntary Sports Society "Spartak" (1987 ) ;
Honorary Member of the Interregional Fund named after M.V. Lomonosov (Novosibirsk).

____
Comet Smirnova - Black (74P/Smirnova-Chernykh)- short-period comet discovered by astronomers of CrAOT Amara Mikhailovna Smirnova AndH Ikolay Stepanovich Chernykh.
The comet has been observed since 1967, but was initially identified as an asteroid.
The comet is estimated to be about 4.46 km in diameter.
It currently orbits entirely within Jupiter's orbit.

Black Comet (101P/Chernykh)- short period comet discovered by astronomer CrAO Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh.

Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh (October 6, 1931, Usman, Voronezh Region, RSFSR– May 26, 2004)- Soviet, Russian astronomer, discoverer of small planets, many of which bear names associated with Siberia - Baikal, Angara, Irkutsk. From 1963 he worked at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Ukraine together with his wife Lyudmila Ivanovna Chernykh. Asteroid (2325) Chernykh is named after them.

Biography of N.S. Chernykh

The path to the stars

Born in the family of a tractor driver. When the boy was 10 years old, the family ended up in - in the village of Sheragul. After graduating from school, he went into the army. After the service, in order to engage in astronomy, in 1954 he entered.

At the entrance exams, Nikolai met Lyudmila, his future wife. The daughter of an artillery officer, who was sent to build the Taishet-Lena railway after the war, she also wanted to study at.

Nikolai, the eldest in the student group, was immediately elected headman, he knew how to work, had golden hands and a sharp mind. Extremely, to the point of fanaticism, he was interested in astronomy, loved the sky, knew the constellations.

At the institute, Nikolai became friends with the teacher Alexei Aleksandrovich Kaverin. A small observatory was then working at the IGPI, the instruments were in very poor condition, and Kaverin introduced Nikolai to observational and computational work at the astronomical observatory of the ISU. Observations were carried out on the famous Zeiss telescope, which is now on display at the Irkutsk Museum of Local Lore.

From the memoirs of Nikolai Cherny:

“Those years were extremely rich in various astronomical phenomena, and each such event was a real astronomical holiday for us: the great opposition of Mars in 1956, the passage of Mercury across the disk of the Sun, solar and lunar eclipses, two bright comets - comet Arend - Roland in the spring of 1957 and comet Mrkos in August - September 1957, the launch of the first Soviet artificial satellites of the Earth. We were able to obtain particularly interesting results from Comet Mrkos. Lyudmila Ivanovna and I did not then imagine that in the future we would meet personally with the discoverer of this famous comet, the outstanding Czechoslovak astronomer Antonin Mrkos, receive him in the Crimea and be his guest.

1957 was declared the International Geophysical Year (IGY). All over the world, comprehensive research was carried out in the field of geophysics and astronomy. Students Nikolai and Lyudmila Chernykh conducted a program of observations of noctilucent clouds in Irkutsk for two summer seasons.

In the laboratory of time

In 1958, in his 4th year, Nikolai Chernykh began to work in the laboratory of time under the supervision of Lev Nikolaevich Nadeev. Soon Lyudmila was accepted there.

From the memoirs of Nikolai Stepanovich:

“In the work book that was entered for me, in the “Profession” column, an entry was made: astronomer.” To become a real astronomer, I had to study a lot, but in the laboratory of time, this was the unofficial name of the position- astronomer-observer. At first, I conducted observations on a transit instrument according to the program for determining the exact time, and then Lev Nikolayevich instructed me to install and master a new astrometric instrument- astrolabe of Danjon obtained according to the plan of participation of the laboratory in the IGY. Under the leadership of Nadeev, I took part in the installation and development of a new instrument, the development of a methodology for working with it and the preparation of an observation program.

Experimental work, always very difficult, required strength, patience, and effort. Astronomical observations have been associated with sleepless and cold nights. Devices, if they broke, had to be repaired for months.

Crimean observatory

In 1961, on the advice of Kaverin, Nikolai entered graduate school at the Institute of Theoretical Astronomy in Leningrad. In 1963, when organizing observations of minor planets at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, the young astronomer Chernykh was recommended for the post of observer. He immediately joined the observations of the Luna-4 automatic lunar station.

While working as the head of the laboratory for the study of small planets of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory of the USSR Academy of Sciences, the scientist developed an original technique for observing small planets (asteroids).

The Cherny spouses are the country's champions in the number of discovered celestial bodies. Nikolai Stepanovich discovered 537 minor planets and two periodic comets, Lyudmila Ivanovna ranks second in the world among female astronomers in the number of discovered minor planets - 268.

Chernykh never broke ties with Irkutsk. In 2004, Nikolai Stepanovich visited his native land for the last time, went to Sheragul, met with classmates. In the same year, he was gone. Lyudmila Ivanovna continues to work in the CrAO.

Discoveries of N.S. Chernykh

1. 537 asteroids, including a Trojan group asteroid (2207) Antenor;
2. two periodic comets: 74P/Smirnova - Chernykh and 101P/Chernykh.

The Chernys were named the discovered minor planets after expensive places and people associated with their youth. Angara, Baikal, Irkutsk, Sheragul, Anga, Sayans appeared in space. The asteroid Kaverin is named after the teacher; - in memory of the famous playwright, and Valgrirasp - in honor of the writer Valentin Grigoryevich Rasputin.

Astronomers dedicated a new minor planet, Irpedina, to their alma mater, the Irkutsk State Pedagogical Institute. The certificate that the university has its own star was awarded to the IGPU, now the East Siberian State Academy of Education, in 2008.

Other discovered asteroids

1. (2361) Gogol
2. (2369) Chekhov
3. (2431) Frying pan
4. (2427) Kobzar
5. (2606) Odessa
6. (2769) Mendeleev
7. (3054) Strugatskys
8. (3112) Velimir (named after Velimir Khlebnikov)
9. (3242) Bakhchisaray
10. (3359) Purcari (named after the village of Purcari where the Negru de Purcari wine is made)
11. (3408) Shalamov
12. (3448) Narbut
13. (4236) Lidov (named after the scientist-mechanic M.L. Lidov)
14. (4520) Dovzhenko
15. (4426) Roerich.

Links

1. Minor planet naming certificate; astronomical data // NASA website

Astronomer, specialist in the field of astrometry and dynamics of small bodies of the solar system N. S. Chernykh was born on October 6, 1931 in the city of Usman in the family of a mechanical worker.
In March 1941, the family moved to the village of Sheragul, Tulunsky district, Irkutsk region. Parents began to work on the Chapaev collective farm, father, Stepan Semenovich, as a foreman of a tractor brigade, and mother, Melanya Petrovna, as an accountant on a farm. Father died in the Great Patriotic War. In the Cherny family, in addition to Nikolai, there were two more daughters - Valentina (b. 1936) and Nina (b. 1938). According to the recollections of his sister Valentina, Nikolai became interested in astronomy at school, he made a telescope himself, put magnifying glasses, climbed onto the roof of the house at night and watched the stars. After graduating from high school in 1951, N. S. Chernykh was drafted into the army. He finished his service in 1954 with the rank of junior lieutenant and entered the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of the Irkutsk Pedagogical Institute. During the entrance exams, he met Lyudmila Ivanovna, who became his wife in 1957. They worked together for the rest of their lives.

As a student, N. S. Chernykh participated in observational and computational work at the City Astronomical Observatory of Irkutsk University. In 1957-1958, his first scientific publications appeared in the Astronomical Circular and the variable part of the Astronomical Calendar. In the spring of 1958, in his fourth year, he was offered to become an employee of the Irkutsk Laboratory of Time and Frequency of the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Physical, Technical and Radio Engineering Measurements and combine work with attending lectures at the institute. By the time he received his diploma, he was already a fairly qualified time service specialist. He worked at the Time Laboratory from 1958 to 1961, first as a technician, then as a senior engineer. Conducted astrometric observations of stars on a transit instrument under the program of the time service, participated in the installation and development of a new astrometric instrument for the service of time and latitude - the Danjon prismatic astrolabe.

In the autumn of 1961, N. S. Chernykh entered the graduate school of the Institute of Theoretical Astronomy (ITA) in Leningrad. From his memoirs: “Natalya Sergeevna Samoilova-Yakhontova, head of the Department of Minor Planets, professor, a well-known specialist in the field of theoretical astronomy and dynamics of minor planets, became my supervisor. She suggested that, as a PhD thesis, I perform the determination of the mass of Jupiter from observations of minor planets. So I got involved in the field of research of small planets and I have been working on these objects for the rest of my life.” In 1965 he completed his postgraduate studies at the Institute of Theoretical Astronomy of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

In September 1963, Nikolai Stepanovich was sent to the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory (CrAO) as a junior researcher in the department for the study of minor planets. Soon Lyudmila Ivanovna also moved to the observatory. The couple devoted their entire lives to observations in the CrAO.

In 1964, on the joint initiative of the Cherny spouses, the Crimean Group was formed at the Institute of Theoretical Astronomy (ITA), whose task was to conduct observations of minor planets in the CrAO. L. I. Chernykh was appointed the head of the group on the part of the ITA, and N. S. Chernykh was entrusted with the scientific and methodological leadership of the work of the group. Nikolai Stepanovich developed an original technique for observing small planets (asteroids). The creation of the team of observers ITA-KrAO significantly changed the situation with the observations of minor planets in the Soviet Union. Pretty soon, the Crimean group outstripped other observatories in the world in terms of the number of observations and for many years occupied a leading position in the International Minor Planet Observation Service.

For many years N. S. Chernykh participated in the program of positional observations of distant spacecraft. With his participation, series of observations of many interplanetary automatic stations launched in the USSR to the Moon, Venus and Mars, as well as some other objects, were obtained. Participated in the first in the USSR work on laser location of the Moon, organized by the Simeiz group of the Lebedev Physical Institute, organized in the CrAO. In recent years, N. S. Chernykh has been actively working in the field of research on near-Earth asteroids.

Studying minor planets, N. S. Chernykh personally discovered 537 new minor planets and two periodic comets: Smirnova-Chernykh (74P / Smirnova-Chernykh) (March 4, 1975) and Chernykh (101P / Chernykh) (August 19, 1), and the group headed by him - more than 1200 minor planets.
The minor planet at number 3632 "Grachevka" (Grachevka), discovered by N. Chernykh on September 24, 1976, was named after the ancient village of the Usmansky district of the Lipetsk region, in which his father and mother were born.

Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (1999) N. S. Chernykh is the author of more than 200 scientific papers on observational methods, the dynamics of individual comets and asteroids, the statistical features of the orbits of small planets, as well as the results of astrometric observations, and is also a co-author of three collective monographs on small planets.

N. S. Chernykh is a member of the International Astronomical Union (IAU), the European Astronomical and Euro-Asian Astronomical Societies.
The scientist was three times awarded the medal of the Astronomical Council of the USSR Academy of Sciences "For the discovery of new astronomical objects" (1975, 1977, 1982), the medal of the International Astronomical Society "For outstanding scientific achievements of the year" (2003), the Nicolaus Copernicus medal of the Polish Academy of Sciences and many commemorative medals in honor of outstanding scientists, an honorary badge of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (1984). He is a laureate of the international award "Slavs" of the Ukrainian Ecological Academy of Sciences (1998), the award named after E. P. Fedorov of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (2004). He is an honorary citizen of the city of Gabrovo (Bulgaria).
N. S. Chernykh died on May 26, 2004 in Moscow, he was buried in the Crimea in the village of Nauchny at the cemetery of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory.

The name of Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh is given to the comets 74P/Smirnova-Chernykh (March 4, 1975) and 101P/Chernykh (August 19, 1977), the minor planets 2325 Chernykh (discovered on September 25, 1979 by the Czechoslovak astronomer Antonin Mrkos) and 6619 Kolya (discovered on September 27 1973 L. I. Chernykh), a secondary school in the village of Sheragul, Irkutsk Region.

Author's works

Crimean survey of minor planets: author. dis. for the competition scientist step. Doctor of Physics and Mathematics sciences: spec. 03/01/01 / N. S. Chernykh. - St. Petersburg, 1999. - 59 p.
The main results of the Crimean survey of minor planets / N. S. Chernykh, L. I. Chernykh // Modern problems of comets, asteroids, meteors, meteorites, astroproblems and craters. - Vinnitsa, 2000. - S. 258-266.
The main results of the Crimean photographic survey of minor planets / N. S. Chernykh, L. I. Chernykh // Izvestiya CrAO. - 2002. - T. 98. - S. 98-108.
Burn, burn, my star / N.S. Chernykh, I. I. Neyachenko. - Novosibirsk: Ursa Major, 2005.
Minor planets discovered at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory / N. S. Chernykh, L. I. Chernykh. - CrAO, 2005. - 167 p.

Literature about life and work

From the memoirs of N. S. Chernykh // Chernykh L. I. Cosmic wreath of minor planets / L. I. Chernykh. - M., 2008. - S. 23-46.
Nizhegorodov N. Usman - a cosmic city // New life [Usman district]. - 2011. - 6 Oct. - WITH.
Menshikova E. Two stars: last year a planet named Usmani appeared in the Universe: [the history of the assignment of the name Usmangrad in the Year of Cosmonautics to a small planet discovered in the Crimean astrophysicist. laboratory in 1990 L. I. Chernykh, the wife of a native of Usman, Dr. of tech. Sciences N. S. Chernykh: based on a conversation with a journalist and local historian N. Nizhegorodov] // Lipetsk newspaper. - 2012. - 1 Jan. - S. 5.

Reference materials

Great Russia. Names: encyclopedia. ref. - 3rd ed., Rev. and additional - M., 2004. - S. 951.
The pride of the Usman land: short. ref. biogr. famous people who glorified their fatherland. - Usman, 2008. - Book. 3. - S. 140. : phot.

Internet resources

Chernykh L. I. To the 80th anniversary of Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh [Electronic resource] / L. I. Chernykh, M. N. Lovkaya - Access mode http://www.sai.msu.su/EAAS/rus/doc/80ch .htm.- 01/16/2016.
Tatarnikova O. Chernykh - astronomers [Electronic resource] // Baikal-info.ru: site. - Access mode: http://baikal-info.ru/kopeika/2008/48/008001.html.- 01/16/2016.
Usman has his own planet [Electronic resource] // LipetskMedia: inform.-ref. media portal of the Lipetsk region. - Access mode: http://www.lipetskmedia.ru/news/view/10927-U_Usmani_poyavilas.html.- 01/16/2016.
Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh [Electronic resource] // Space memorial: site. - Access mode: http://sm.evg-rumjantsev.ru/astro1/chernykh-nikolaj-stepanovich.html.- 01/16/2016.

Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh(October 6, Usman, Central Black Earth Region - May 26) - Soviet, Russian astronomer, specialist in the field of astrometry and dynamics of small bodies of the solar system, doctor of physical and mathematical sciences.

Biography

Born on October 6, 1931 in the city of Usman (now in the Lipetsk region) in the family of a mechanical worker. In 1941, the family, having changed their place of residence, settled in the village of Sheragul, Tulunsky district, Irkutsk region. After graduating from school, he was drafted into the army, after serving in which he entered in 1954. During the entrance exams, he met Lyudmila Ivanovna, who became his wife in 1957. They worked together for the rest of their lives.

While still a student, N. Chernykh became an employee of the Irkutsk Laboratory of Time and Frequency and later combined work with studies at the institute. In the laboratory, he conducted astrometric observations of stars and participated in the development of a new instrument for the laboratory - the Danjon prism astrolabe.

In 1961 he entered graduate school (ITA) in Leningrad. In September 1963 he was sent to the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory (KrAO) and accepted into the staff of the KrAO as a junior researcher. Subsequently, he successively held the positions of senior and leading researcher.

Scientific activity

In 1964, on the joint initiative of the Cherny spouses, the Crimean Group was formed at the Institute of Theoretical Astronomy, whose task was to conduct observations of minor planets (asteroids) in the CrAO. L. Chernykh was appointed the head of the group on the part of the ITA, and N. Chernykh was entrusted with the scientific and methodological leadership of the work of the group. He managed the work of the group until his death in 2004. For many years, the Crimean group was the world leader in the number of observations of minor planets.

Studying minor planets, N. Chernykh personally discovered 537 new planets, and the group he leads - more than 1200 in total. In the ranking of the discoverers of small planets, taking into account the activities of 1459 astronomical organizations and astronomers of the world, as of July 2014, it ranks 31st. He has published more than 200 scientific papers, he is the co-author of three collective monographs.

She named the asteroid, discovered by L. Chernykh on September 27, 1973, in honor of her husband "Kolya". The asteroid (2325) Chernykh, discovered in 1979 by Czechoslovak astronomer Antonín Mrkos, was named after the married couple.

N. Chernykh named one of the asteroids he discovered "Sheragul" after the name of the village of Sheragul in the Tulunsky district of the Irkutsk region, in which he spent his school years, and the other - "Irpedina" in honor of the Irkutsk Pedagogical Institute, where he received higher education. The Grachevka asteroid, discovered by N. Chernykh, got its name from the name of the village of Grachevka, Usmansky District, Lipetsk Region, the motherland of the discoverer's father and mother.

He was a member of the International Astronomical Union (IAU), two IAU Commissions, the IAU Working Group on Near-Earth Asteroid Research, and a member of the European Astronomical Society and the Euro-Asian Astronomical Society.

Discoveries made

Some discovered asteroids

• (2540) Blok - named after the outstanding Russian poet Alexander Blok
• (2786) Grinevia opened September 6, 1978, named after Alexander Grin
• (3112) Velimir - named after Velimir Khlebnikov
• (3113) Chizhevsky - named after A. L. Chizhevsky
• (3359) Purcari - named after the village of Purcari, where Negru de Purcari wine is made
• (4236) Lidov - named after the scientist-mechanic M. L. Lidov
• (4468) Pogrebetsky - named after Mikhail Pogrebetsky, Honored Master of Sports in mountaineering
• (5839) GOI - named after its first director, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences D. S. Rozhdestvensky
• (7509) Gamzatov - named after Rasul Gamzatov - an outstanding Soviet and Russian poet.
• (7912) Lapovok - named after Ya. S. Lapovka - a famous shortwave radio amateur
• (9717) Ludvasilia - named after Lyudmila Vasilievna Shaposhnikova, director of the Museum. N. K. Roerich
• (11003) Andronov - named after astrophysicist Ivan Leonidovich Andronov

see also

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Notes

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8. ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/dat/ELEMENTS.COMET
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10. (English) on the NASA website
11. (English) on the NASA website
12. (English) on the NASA website
13. ; on the NASA website
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• , an article about Chernykh's work

An excerpt characterizing Chernykh, Nikolai Stepanovich

On the 25th of August, on the eve of the battle of Borodino, the prefect of the palace of the emperor of the French, m r de Beausset, and colonel Fabvier arrived, the first from Paris, the second from Madrid, to the emperor Napoleon in his camp near Valuev.
Having changed into a court uniform, m r de Beausset ordered the parcel brought by him to the emperor to be carried in front of him and entered the first compartment of Napoleon's tent, where, talking with Napoleon's adjutants surrounding him, he began to uncork the box.
Fabvier, without entering the tent, stopped talking with familiar generals at the entrance to it.
Emperor Napoleon had not yet left his bedroom and was finishing his toilette. He, snorting and groaning, turned now with his thick back, then with his fat chest overgrown with a brush, with which the valet rubbed his body. Another valet, holding the bottle with his finger, sprinkled cologne on the well-groomed body of the emperor with an expression that said that he alone could know how much and where to sprinkle cologne. Napoleon's short hair was wet and tangled over his forehead. But his face, although swollen and yellow, expressed physical pleasure: "Allez ferme, allez toujours ..." [Well, even stronger ...] - he kept saying, shrugging and groaning, rubbing the valet. The adjutant, who entered the bedroom in order to report to the emperor on how many prisoners had been taken in yesterday's case, handing over what was needed, stood at the door, waiting for permission to leave. Napoleon, grimacing, looked frowningly at the adjutant.
“Point de prisonniers,” he repeated the words of the adjutant. – Il se font demolir. Tant pis pour l "armee russe," he said. "Allez toujours, allez ferme, [There are no prisoners. They force them to be exterminated. So much the worse for the Russian army. shoulders.

Head of the Laboratory of Natural Science Methods,
Doctor of Historical Sciences, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor

Was born: December 11, 1935 in Moscow.
Graduated: Faculty of History of Moscow State University in the Department of Archeology (1958).
Teacher: O. N. Bader (at Moscow State University).
PhD thesis: On the History of Metallurgy in Eastern Europe in the Eneolithic and Early Bronze Ages (1963).
Doctoral dissertation: A History of the Metallurgy of Eastern Europe in the Late Bronze Age (1972).
Scientific interests: archeometallurgy; the era of early metal in Eurasia; patterns of formation of large socio-technological systems.
Official activity: since 1958 - at the IA RAS (senior lab., junior researcher, senior researcher, head of the laboratory).
Scientific and organizational activity: since 1984 - Head of the Laboratory of Natural Scientific Methods of the Institute of Natural History of the Russian Academy of Sciences; member of the Academic Council of the IA RAS; Member of the Dissertation Council of the IA RAS.
Teaching activity: lectured at a number of Russian Universities, as well as in Ukraine, Georgia, Germany, England.
Forwarding activity: from 1958 to 2008 (various regions of Eastern Europe, the Urals, the Caucasus, Transbaikalia, Central Asia, Bulgaria, Anatolia, Mongolia, Western China). From 1989 to 2002 - Head of the Kargaly Complex Expedition of the IA RAS.
Honorary titles and awards: Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (since 2006); corresponding member of the German Archaeological Institute (since 1988); Vice-President of the Early Metal Age Commission of the International Union of Pre- and Proto-Historians (1977-1980); awarded the Bulgarian Order of Cyril and Methodius, 1st class (1980).

Author of over 500 scientific publications including:
Monographs:
Chernykh E.N. History of ancient metallurgy of Eastern Europe. Materials and research on archeology of the USSR, No. 132. M. Nauka.1966. pp. 1-144.;
Chernykh E.N. Ancient metallurgy of the Urals and the Volga region. Materials and research on archeology of the USSR, No. 172. M. Nauka.1970. pp. 1-180.;
Chernykh E.N. Metal - man - time. M. Nauka.1972. pp. 1-208.;
Chernykh E.N. Ancient metalworking in the South-West of the USSR. M. Nauka.1976. pp. 1-302.;
Chernykh E.N. Mining and metallurgy in ancient Bulgaria. Sofia: Publishing House of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1978. S. 1-388.;
Yanine V., Fedorov-Davydov G., Tchernykh E., Chelov D. Foulles et recherches archeologiques en URSS. Moscow. Progress.1985. P.1-271;
Chernykh E.N., Kuzminykh S.V. Ancient metallurgy of Northern Eurasia (the Seima-Turbino phenomenon). M. Nauka.1989. pp. 1-320;
Chernykh E.N. Ancient Metallurgy in the USSR. The Early Metal Age. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press.1992. Pp.1-416.;
Chernykh E.N. Kargaly. Forgotten world. M.: Nox.1997. C. 1-176;
Chernykh E.N., L.I. Avilova, L.B. Orlovskaya. Metallurgical provinces and radiocarbon chronology. M.: Institute of Archeology RAS, 2000. S. 1-95.;
Chernykh E. N. Kargaly: the phenomenon and paradoxes of development. Kargaly, volume V. M .: Languages ​​of Slavic culture, 2007. S. 1-200;
Chernykh E.N. The steppe belt of Eurasia: the phenomenon of nomadic cultures. M.: Manuscript monuments of ancient Rus', 2009. - 624 p.;
Chernykh E.N., Kuzminykh S.V. E. N. 切尔内赫 S.V. phenomenon). A Series of Studies of Turfan. [Translation into Chinese of the book of the same name: M.: Nauka, 1989]. Beijing, 2010. 308 p. ISBN 978-7-101007394-2.;
Chernykh E.N. Cultures of nomads in the megastructure of the Eurasian world. M.: Languages ​​of Slavic culture, 2013. Vol. 1. 368 pages;
Chernykh E.N. Cultures of nomads in the megastructure of the Eurasian world. M.: Languages ​​of Slavic culture, 2013. Vol. 2. 429 pages;
Chernykh, Evgenij N. Nomadic Cultures in the Mega-Structure of the Eurasian World. Translated by Irina Savinetskaya and Peter N. Hommel. Boston, MA: Academic Studies Press with LRC Publishing House, 2017. 696 pp (ISBN 9781618115522).

Publications about E. N. Chernykh:
Kuzminykh S.V. "From the "Copper Kronid Generation ...". To the anniversary of E.N. Chernykh // RA, No. 4, 2005; He is. Published works..... Chernykh // Analytical studies of the Laboratory of Natural Science Methods. M.: IA RAN, 2017. Issue 4. p. 373-397.