V. The procedure for assigning military ranks and reinstatement in military rank. Terms and procedure for conferring the next military ranks Report on conferring the rank of corporal

Military rank is an integral part of any army, and the Russian army is no exception to the general rules. It is thanks to them that subordination is ensured in the Armed Forces. In addition, the higher the rank, the more rights a soldier has. Here, by the way, we should not forget that in the RF Armed Forces there is also such a thing as a position.

In the Russian army there are currently 2 types of military ranks:

• combined arms;
• ship.

With the first ones, everything is probably clear. Ship ranks are assigned to persons in military service in the Navy. Apart from this, there are some other important points to note. In particular, in some cases the corresponding word or prefix is ​​also added to the rank. For example, a guard colonel. In this case, this officer serves in a guards unit. For military personnel in the legal or medical services, the words “justice”/“medical services” are added to the rank. In addition, military rank is assigned to the military for life. In other words, even after leaving the reserve, a person is considered a major. But at the same time, “retired” must be added.

In the Russian Federation, a distinction has been approved at the legislative level between such concepts as “military service” and “military duty”. Let's clarify this point a little. In the first case, we are talking about persons called up for military service. After serving the required period, they retire to the reserves. Today, conscripts can choose for themselves how they will serve as a conscript – by conscription or by contract. Each of these options has its pros and cons. Military service is a special type of civil service, and slightly different laws apply here. At the same time, there are many common points, one of which is military ranks. Both the first and second groups of military personnel have them.

Terms and features of conferring military ranks in the Russian army

Now let's look at another point directly related to military service and ranks. We are talking about the timing and features of assigning military ranks in the Russian army. To begin with, I would like to note that military personnel here can be divided into groups such as:

• soldiers and sailors;
• sergeants and foremen;
• officers - persons of junior, senior and senior command.

A mandatory requirement for obtaining the next military rank is service for a certain period. This moment is regulated very strictly.

It should be noted that there are quite a large number of clarifications here, but we will not dwell on this in detail. If soldiers and sailors are awarded the next rank after 5 months of service, then in other cases the period is measured in years. In particular, it amounts to:

• junior sergeant - 1 year;
• sergeant - 2 years;
• senior sergeant - 3;
• ensign – 3.

The same situation is with the officers. To receive a promotion, they must serve a certain number of years:

• junior lieutenant - 2;
• lieutenant and senior lieutenant - 3;
• captain, major – 4;
• lieutenant colonel - 5.

The situation then looks like this: In order to become a senior officer, a colonel must serve in this rank for at least 2 years. That's not all. You must also serve for at least 1 year in a position reserved for senior officers. Without this, you can't count on a promotion. However, this moment also applies to other officers. To receive the next promotion, the serviceman must first hold the corresponding position. However, the terms of military service for a lieutenant general have not been established. Calculation begins at the moment of awarding the title.

It should be noted that in 2016, the Presidents of the Russian Federation introduced changes to the legislation. In particular, such a concept as certification appeared. Because of this, obtaining subsequent military ranks became somewhat more difficult. If before, for example, the captain was sure that after serving for 4 years, he would automatically receive another promotion, but now the procedure looks different. The serviceman, in particular, will still need to prove his professional suitability to his superiors. That is, climbing up the career ladder has become a little more difficult. The assignment of the next military rank after amendments to the legislation depends on the discipline of the serviceman and his behavior. In addition, a broader list of gross disciplinary offenses is now in effect.

Now the decision on whether to promote a serviceman or not is made by members of the certification commission, which includes his commanders and colleagues. However, as military expert Viktor Murakhovsky explained, this innovation does not mean at all that an officer who did not demonstrate growth in his professional knowledge during his service, or systematically violated discipline, can forget about career growth. In fact, this is not so, and even violators of discipline can expect to receive another title. Military personnel simply need to constantly improve themselves, not in words, but in deeds to prove that they are really ready for promotion.

It is worth recalling that the certification system operated in the army during the Soviet period. Then it was one of the most effective methods of educating military personnel. First, the commander prepared the relevant documents, after which they were reviewed by a special commission. If its members made a positive decision, then the submission was sent to the highest authority. For each specific officer, the decision to assign the next rank, up to major, was made at the level of the district commander. Higher appointments were already made by the head of the Ministry of Defense.

The purpose of the innovations was the desire to increase the motivation of officers when receiving subsequent ranks. In the Russian army, a serviceman's salary consists of 2 parts: the payment received by the officer according to his rank, as well as the salary for the position held. Moreover, in the second case the amount is more serious than in the second. Because of this, the assignment of another title has ceased to be perceived as a form of encouragement. As a result, many officers became indifferent to whether they would be promoted now or two years later. After all, they don’t really lose or win much money anyway.

After the changes made to the legislation have entered into force, military personnel who have the right to be assigned the next rank, who have certain obstacles to promotion, must, based on the results of a personal conversation, find out the reasons for the refusal. It is worth noting that they must be completed for signature. The conversation sheet itself is attached to the serviceman’s personal file.

Appendix No. 3 to the Instructions (clauses 8, 10, 11, 12, 21) on the organization of military service for officers and warrant officers (midshipmen) in the armed forces of the Russian Federation

PERFORMANCE

I. INFORMATION ABOUT THE PROVIDED

___________________________________________________________________ (military rank, last name, first name, patronymic, military position held ___________________________________________________________________, since when, military specialty, ___________________________________________________________________ military rank by state, state number, when and by whom it was approved, tariff category) Submitted by _________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Date, month, year of birth _______________________________________ Military rank assigned _________________________________________ (date of assignment, by whose order, date and order number) In the Armed Forces with __________________________________________ The contract was concluded __________________________ for a period of _____________ (day, month, year) Education: a) civilian ___________________________________________________ b) military (military special ) ___________________________________ Participation in hostilities, wounds, concussions ____________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Conclusion on the latest certification for 20__ _________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Personal number _______________ Code ___________________________________

II. GROUNDS FOR REPRESENTATION

__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________

Commander (chief) ________________________________________ (military position) ______________________________________________________________ (military rank, signature, first name, surname)

III. CONCLUSIONS OF DIRECT SUPERVISORS

"__" _______________ 20__

__________________________________________________________________ (military position, military rank, signature, first name, last name)

"__" _______________ 20__

__________________________________________________________________ (military position, military rank, signature, first name, last name)

"__" _______________ 20__

IV. DECISION ON PRESENTATION

__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________

V. NOTES ON DOCUMENT REGISTRATION

Applications: ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Ref. N ____________________ from "__" ________________ 20__

Rules

registration of submissions of military personnel for appointment

for a military position, exemption from military service

position, assignment of military rank (restoration

in military rank) and dismissal from military service

1. The submission is drawn up on a standard form, signed by the commander (chief) of a military unit from the commander of a regiment, a separate battalion, their peers and higher, and sent through personnel authorities in the prescribed manner to the commander (chief) who has the right to make a decision on this issue. The classification of secrecy is determined depending on the content of the submission.

2. Section I “Information about the subject” indicates:

a) the full military rank, without abbreviations, that the serviceman has and for which he is applying for assignment. In the case of a serviceman being submitted for re-certification to an equal military rank or for reinstatement to a previous military rank, this after the military rank that should be assigned is indicated accordingly: “in the order of re-certification” or “in the order of restoration to a military rank”;

b) the military position that the serviceman holds and for which he is applying for appointment, the full name of these military positions by state, when and by whom they were approved, the corresponding military specialty, military rank by state, tariff category;

c) date, month and year of birth;

d) service in the Armed Forces - the month and year of the beginning of military service; if there were breaks in military service, then all periods of military service are recorded sequentially, indicating the month and year of entry into military service and discharge. For officers called up from the reserve for 24 months, after the month and year of the start of military service it is indicated: “on conscription for 24 months”;

e) the date of conclusion of the contract and for what period it was concluded (indicating the end date of the contract);

f) education (which educational institutions he graduated from and in what year);

g) participation in hostilities, received wounds, concussions;

h) conclusion on the latest certification;

i) the serviceman’s personal number and code (upon dismissal from military service).

3. Section II “Grounds for submission” indicates:

a) when nominating a serviceman for conferment of the military rank of senior officer - a brief description of the serviceman’s business, moral and psychological qualities, professional training, the degree of mastery of duties in the military position held, personal contribution and results achieved in increasing combat and mobilization readiness, strengthening military discipline and law and order in the military unit in which he is serving, and the state of the work area for which he is responsible.

In the submission for the assignment of the next military rank ahead of schedule or one step higher than the military rank provided for by the state for the military position held, it is also indicated for what specific merits or performance indicators the serviceman is being presented for assignment of a military rank, and the length of military service in the main military positions;

b) when nominated for appointment to a military position - in what order is submitted for appointment: nominated to a higher military position, appointed to an equal military position or to a lower military position. Characteristics of the business and moral-psychological qualities of a serviceman, professional training, the degree of mastery of duties in the military position held, personal contribution to the achieved results in increasing combat and mobilization readiness, strengthening military discipline and law and order, preventing losses, shortages, damage and theft of military property in the unit (military unit) commanded, or the state of the work area for which he is responsible, personal level of physical fitness. Reason for appointment to an equal military position or a lower military position. Grounds for transfer to another military unit (formation, association, branch (branch) of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation). Conclusion of the Military Military Commission, if a serviceman is proposed for transfer due to the state of his health or the health of his family members. Other data that must be reflected in cases of transfer to a new place of military service (length of service in the Armed Forces, tariff category, etc.). Who talked with the represented serviceman and his personal attitude towards the appointment (transfer);

c) when presented for dismissal from military service:

the clause and article of the law under which a serviceman is presented for dismissal, on the right to wear military uniforms and insignia;

length of service in the Armed Forces: the number of years, months and days of total length of service and length of service in the preferential calculation (drawn up and executed in the prescribed manner), the date of the calculation and by which financial and economic body it was compiled. In relation to military personnel entitled to a pension taking into account their studies at a civilian educational institution of vocational education, the number of years of study in this institution is also indicated, and in relation to military personnel entitled to a pension taking into account their work experience, the number of years of work experience is indicated. If a serviceman does not have length of service entitling him to a pension, the length of service calculated by the headquarters of the military unit or the personnel authority and the date as of which the length of service was calculated are indicated, without calculating the length of service for a pension;

degree of suitability for military service - when and which military military commission was examined, when and which military military commission approved the sickness certificate, its number, the wording on fitness for military service from the approved sickness certificate. If the serviceman was not sent for a medical examination, the reason shall be indicated;

provision of residential premises in accordance with the norms of housing legislation (if necessary, the registration address, the size of the total area of ​​​​living premises occupied by the military personnel and members of his family, the number of people registered at this address may be indicated);

his consent to dismissal from military service with remaining on the waiting list for receiving living quarters (improving living conditions) or his consent to receiving living quarters or improving living conditions in his chosen permanent place of residence, if the serviceman is not provided with living quarters in accordance with the norms of housing legislation;

when and by whom the conversation about dismissal was carried out, whether the serviceman was familiar with the calculation of length of service, his attitude towards dismissal;

information about registration for military registration: name of the military commissariat of the region, city (without regional division); a city with a district division; subject of the Russian Federation;

incentive measures - petitions for the right to wear military uniforms (taking into account the requirements of Article 34 of the Regulations), declarations of gratitude, etc.;

special motives and grounds for dismissal under subparagraphs “c”, “d”, “e”, “f”, “g”, “h” of paragraph 1, paragraphs 2, 3, 6 of Article 51 of the Law, characterizing the data and circumstances, are not reflected in the attached certification, confirming the need for dismissal under these points and articles.

4. In section III “Conclusions of direct superiors,” the conclusions of commanders (superiors) are sequentially entered, indicating their agreement or disagreement with the submission. If the direct commander (chief) disagrees with the submission, a reasoned conclusion is given. Subsequently, the submission is agreed upon in accordance with the established procedure. The final decision on the submission is made by the official who has the right to issue the appropriate order.

In the submissions considered at the military councils, after the conclusion of the relevant commander-in-chief, the commander, the following entry is made: “Considered and approved at the military council ______________, protocol No. _______ dated “__” __________ 20__.”

Commanders (chiefs) who sign submissions, as well as give opinions on them, take into account the opinions of educational bodies, headquarters and relevant services.

5. In Section IV “Decision on Representation,” the personnel body records the decision (order) on the presentation made by the commander (chief) to whom this right is granted.

6. In Section V “Notes on registration of a document”, the office management authorities make sequential entries after checking the compliance of the security classification assigned to the document with the content of the information contained in it.

When sending multiple submissions, they are sent with a covering letter.

Military ranks

1. Article 46 of the Federal Law establishes the following composition of military personnel and military ranks:

Compositions of military personnel	Military ranks
	military	ship
Soldiers, sailors, sergeants, foremen	corporal Lance Sergeant staff Sergeant foreman	senior sailor foreman 2 articles petty officer 1st article chief petty officer chief petty officer
Ensigns and midshipmen	ensign Senior Warrant Officer	senior midshipman
junior officers	Ensign lieutenant senior lieutenant	Ensign lieutenant senior lieutenant captain-lieutenant
senior officers	lieutenant colonel Colonel	captain 3rd rank captain 2nd rank captain 1st rank
senior officers	major general lieutenant general Colonel General army General	rear admiral vice admiral fleet admiral
	Marshal of the Russian Federation

2. Before the military rank of a serviceman serving in a guards military unit, on a guards ship, the word “guards” is added.

The words “justice” or “medical service” are added to the military rank of a serviceman or a citizen in the reserve who has a military registration specialty of a legal or medical profile, respectively.

To the military rank of a citizen who is in the reserve or retired, the words “reserve” or “retired” are added, respectively.

3. The seniority of military ranks and composition of military personnel is determined by the sequence of their listing in Article 46 of the Federal Law: from the military rank of “private” (“sailor”) to a higher one and from the composition of “soldiers, sailors, sergeants, foremen” to a higher one.

Military and naval military ranks corresponding to each other are considered equal.

4. Military ranks are assigned to military personnel personally.

Military rank can be first or second.

5. The form and content of submissions, forms of other documents and orders for the conferment of military ranks, as well as the procedure for their execution and submission (with the exception of senior officers) are established by the head of the federal executive body or the federal state body in which military service is provided.

Military rank is an integral part of any army, and this also applies to the Russian Armed Forces. The introduction of a system of military ranks made it possible to draw a clear boundary between soldiers, officers and senior command personnel, which makes it possible to maintain interpersonal subordination and order in the Russian army. This is important not only in peacetime, but especially during hostilities.

History of the origin of military ranks

For the first time, military ranks and positions appeared in the Russian kingdom in the 16th-17th centuries. The system of army unity of command affected only the Streltsy army. The rest of the army retained the ranks of the state, that is, civil, service, until the moment of reorganization into regiments of the new system.

In the Streltsy regiment there was a system of military ranks, which varied depending on the number of subordinates (foreman, pentecostal, centurion, and so on).

Later, in the regiments of the new system, the ranks underwent major changes and began to be named in the Western European manner (starting from ensign and lieutenant, ending with lieutenant general and general).

This system is very similar to the current design of military ranks in Russia.

In 1722, the range of military ranks expanded greatly, causing a division between the rank and position of an officer.

This order remained in effect until 1917. It underwent significant changes after the communists came to power, and ranks were replaced by Soviet officer positions in the Soviet Union.

On September 22, 1935, by decree of the Central Executive Committee, military ranks were introduced. To avoid associations with the White Army, some ranks were changed (for example, the general was changed to a division commander, brigade commander). Later, in 1940, the ranks of general and admiral were returned, and already in 1972 the ranks of “warrant officer” and “midshipman” were introduced.

The system of military ranks that operates at the present time is a legacy of the multifaceted history of Russia, and in particular of the Soviet Union.

Subordination in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

The life of the army largely depends on the existing relationships within the team. A team that is mired in conflicts cannot carry out appropriate combat training activities. Whereas a company, where friendship and mutual support reigns, copes with this perfectly. The commander of a military group must always remember this.

However, this is a double-edged sword: military personnel are obliged to do what their superiors order (if this does not contradict the military regulations and current legislation). Few people want to experience the hardships of service. And this is exactly what military service obliges a soldier to do.

For this purpose, military service regulations have been introduced in the armed units, which the soldier, upon entering service and taking the oath, undertakes to fulfill. The Charter of the Internal Service of the RF Armed Forces regulates the relationship between soldiers and officers: unity of command and subordination, tactfulness and restraint, mutual respect, collectivism, which are the basic principles of this document.

The disciplinary charter of the RF Armed Forces determines the main essence of the discipline of a serviceman, his rights and responsibilities, types of rewards and disciplinary sanctions, the rights and responsibilities of the commander regarding their use, regulations for filing complaints, applications and proposals.

The statutory rules of relations between military personnel entering the guard, garrison and commandant service are regulated by the relevant charters of the Armed Forces, which exist to control compliance with this type of military service. The drill rules and order of military salutes are determined by the Drill Regulations.

Compliance with statutory relationships lies with each soldier in particular and the team as a whole. In particular, the commanding part of the garrison should monitor this. Therefore, the officer is vested with special powers to control the discipline and order of service of his subordinates.

Responsibility for violation of statutory relationships

Depending on the nature and severity of the offense, a serviceman may incur disciplinary, administrative, civil or even criminal liability (Article 28 of the Federal Law “On the Status of Military Personnel”).

For violation of discipline or public order, the military will be punished in accordance with the Disciplinary Regulations. The acting commander can make both a remark and a reminder and carry out disciplinary action. It depends on the degree of guilt and the severity of the offense committed. Also, the boss may see signs of a crime in the actions of a subordinate, which he will have to report, which, in turn, will conduct an investigation.

The statutory relations between soldiers are protected by the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and current legislation. The threat of criminal punishment occurs if a serviceman:

• exceeded official authority;
• did not comply with the order;
• resisted the commander or forced him to violate his military duties;
• insulted or caused bodily harm to another serviceman.

A complex form - psychological impact and educational work, will be able to strengthen the morale of soldiers and warn them against violating the statutory rules of relationships.

The meaning of military rank in the Armed Forces

Military ranks cannot be viewed only from the angle of the fact of rewarding a serviceman. They are issued to the most prepared, disciplined and responsible of those serving, since it is they who are entrusted with the responsibility of commanding personnel.

Rank is an important component of the Armed Forces. But it is worth remembering that the decisive factor in the dominance between a subordinate and a boss is the position held by the latter.

A rank can be understood as a kind of service skill, according to which a soldier or officer is awarded certain powers and privileges. Military rank is awarded exclusively for services to the Fatherland, which makes it possible to divide the army into decent military personnel and not so good ones.

At the moment, there are two types of ranks in the army of the Russian Federation:

• combined arms;
• ship.

The first are assigned to persons serving in the infantry and air force. The latter refer to the military who serve in the Russian Navy. A mandatory attribute of rank is the type of armed forces in which a person is located. For example, a serving colonel in a guards unit is given the addition of “guard” to the rank, that is, “guard colonel.” For people who are assigned to legal or medical units, the concept of “justice” or “medical services” is added to the rank, respectively.

When a service member retires or is discharged, he retains his rank, but the accompanying designation is “retired” (retired captain or retired colonel).

The procedure for assigning military ranks

To receive the next rank, you must voluntarily enroll in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, join the conscription, or graduate from a special higher educational institution.

Duration of service also plays an important role in assigning military ranks to military personnel. After serving a certain period of time, a serviceman receives another rank. Within the framework of his powers, an official can also assign a title if he considers it necessary.

Persons liable for military service, for whom sergeant and senior ranks are provided, are issued based on the results of successful completion of service training.

The assignment of military ranks by presidential decree is also possible, but for this the officer must be introduced by his current superior, reporting on this.

Obtaining the next military ranks

For enlisted military personnel, in order to receive the next rank, they will need to serve for a certain period of time.

• senior soldier or sailor - 5 months;
• junior sergeant - 1 year;
• sergeant - 2 years;
• and ensign - 3 years.

During this period, the soldier's service must take place without disciplinary action, and the rank will be awarded only after passing the test according to the service program.

The next rank assigned to officers also depends on the period of service. The time frame for assigning military ranks to officers is calculated in years. The higher the position and rank, the longer it will take to get a new one:

• for a “junior lieutenant” this period is two years;
• assignment of the military rank of “lieutenant” and “senior lieutenant” occurs after three years of service;
• it will take four years to obtain “captain” (“lieutenant captain”) and “major” (“captain 3rd rank”);
• "Lieutenant Colonel" or "Captain 2nd Rank" can only be obtained after five years of service.

Who is not awarded regular military ranks?

Military officers do not have stars on their uniforms if they:

• were brought as a defendant in a criminal case or it was initiated against them (before the end of the proceedings);
• are at the disposal of the chief (commander);
• committed a disciplinary offense (before applying penalties);
• presented for early dismissal under Art. 51 Federal;
• checked for accuracy and completeness of information on income and expenses, property and property liabilities;
• suspended military service;
• are in prison and serving a criminal sentence;
• the criminal record was not expunged.

Assignment of an extraordinary military rank

In addition to being denied the next military rank, as part of the award, soldiers or officers may be assigned to an extraordinary rank.

It is possible to receive the coveted stars for shoulder straps ahead of schedule only by decision of the leadership in whose department the serviceman is serving. This happens very rarely, because the dominant person performs such actions only at his own discretion.

If an officer or soldier participated in special operations, proved himself in an emergency situation, or his subordinates showed excellent results in educational and combat training, then as an incentive the current commander can assign him an extraordinary military rank.

Deprivation of rank

The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation have a system of rewarding and punishing their subordinates. A serviceman can not only be deprived of his next rank, but also demoted from his existing one.

This occurs in grave and especially grave misconduct on the part of the military man, for which only a court can accuse him. After a guilty verdict, a military man may be demoted in rank and deprived of existing social benefits and privileges.

After expunging a criminal record, you can restore your rank and position by submitting an appropriate application to the military registration and enlistment office. However, there is no guarantee that the Armed Forces will accept a former service member back into the same position and rank.

If an officer or soldier was convicted unfairly, then after rehabilitation he will be automatically restored to his position and rank.

Military rank is an integral attribute of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the history of which can be traced back to the beginning of the 16th century. The assignment of a military rank can be either regular (after a certain period of service) or extraordinary (for special services to the Fatherland and quality of service).

During their service, military personnel must observe strict subordination, violation of which may result in liability, even criminal liability, depending on the severity of the offense committed. After a conviction, a serviceman may be demoted in rank and deprived of his position, which is quite difficult to restore. A responsible attitude to military duties is the key to a healthy army.