Methods of scientific knowledge. Biology as a Science. Methods of scientific knowledge What is the name of the science dealing with the classification of organisms on the basis of their relationship
Test work on the topic "Organism"
Option 1
Part A.
For each of the tasks A1-A10, 4 answer options are given, of which only one is correct. Write down the number of this answer in a notebook.
A1. What science classifies organisms on the basis of their relationship?
1) ecology
2) taxonomy
3) morphology
4) paleontology
A2. How many chromosomes are in the germ cells of the fruit fly Drosophila, if its somatic cells contain 8 chromosomes?
1) 12
2) 10
3) 8
4) 4
A3. Sexual reproduction of organisms is evolutionarily more progressive, since it
1) contributes to their wide distribution in nature
2) provides a rapid increase in population
3) promotes the emergence of a wide variety of genotypes
4) maintains the genetic stability of the species
A4. Which phase of cell division follows anaphase?
1) prophase
2) metaphase
3) anaphase
4) telophase
A5. What part of the sperm contains the father's chromosomes? 1) in the cytoplasm 2) in the ribosomes 3) in the nucleus 4) in the mitochondria
A6. Plastic metabolism in the cell is characterized by
1) decay organic matter with the release of energy2) the formation of organic substances with the accumulation of energy in them 3) the absorption of nutrients into the blood 4) the transformation of food with the formation of soluble substances
A7. Internal fertilization is typical for
1) bony fish
2) tailless amphibians
3) tailed amphibians
4) reptiles
A8. During photosynthesis,
1) the synthesis of carbohydrates and the evolution of oxygen
2) water evaporation and oxygen absorption
3) gas exchange and assimilation of fats
4) release of carbon dioxide and assimilation of proteins
A9. The energy required for the circulation of substances is drawn from space
1) putrefactive bacteria
2) by plants in the process of photosynthesis
3) nodule bacteria
4) heterotrophic organisms
A10. The process of energy metabolism begins with
1) glucose synthesis
2) cleavage of polysaccharides
3) synthesis of fructose
4) oxidation of pyruvic acid
Part B
B1. Choose three correct answers out of six.
The biological significance of meiosis is
1) prevention of doubling the number of chromosomes in the new generation2) the formation of male and female gametes 3) the formation of somatic cells 4) the creation of opportunities for the emergence of new gene combinations 5) an increase in the number of cells in the body 6) a multiple increase in the set of chromosomes
B2. Establish the sequence of the processes occurring in the interphase cell.
A) mRNA is synthesized on one of the DNA strands B) a portion of the DNA molecule under the influence of enzymes is split into two chains C) mRNA moves into the cytoplasm D) on mRNA, which serves as a matrix, protein synthesis occurs
IN 3. Establish a correspondence between the dietary habits of organisms and their ways.
FEATURES FOOD METHODS
1) capture food by A) autotrophs
phagocytosis B) heterotrophs
2) use the energy released during the oxidation of inorganic substances
The diversity of life and the science of taxonomy
OPTION 1
A1. All living organisms are composed of
1) cells
3) intercellular substance
4) organ systems
A2. The cell exists as an independent organism
1) leaf peels
2) bacterial
3) muscle fiber
4) root cap
AZ. A living organism is
1) combining living cells
2) a set of integumentary and conducting tissues
3) one organ system
4) a coordinated system of cells, tissues, organs
A4. Individuals similar in structure and physiological characteristics form
1) organism
2) biosphere
3) view
4) forest community
A5. The community of animals and plants - organisms that live together in a meadow and interact with each other, are called
1) population
2) biocenosis
3) biosphere
A6. The soil included in the biosphere is
1) living matter
2) inert substance
3) bioinert substance
4) inorganic substance
A7. The process of creating varieties of cultivated plants by man is called
1) artificial selection
2) natural selection
3) the struggle for existence
4) heredity
A8. As a result of natural selection in nature, they survive
1) only the simplest animals
2) individuals adapted to environmental conditions
3) all flowering plants
4) individuals useful to humans
A9. The classification, or distribution of organisms into groups based on their similarity and relationship, is the responsibility of biological science.
1) taxonomy
2) anatomy
3) ecology
4) cytology
A10. The smallest systematic unit of classification of living organisms is considered to be
2) view
4) kingdom
A11. Organisms have a non-cellular structure
2) bacteria
3) viruses
4) animals
B1.
A. There are species in which the body consists of one cell.
B. The bacterium is one of the most complex cells.
1) Only A is true
2) Only B is true
3) Both statements are true
4) Both judgments are wrong
B2. Are the following statements true?
A. Natural selection of individuals in nature leads to the formation of new species.
B. The struggle for existence occurs only between animals.
1) Only A is true
2) Only B is true
3) Both statements are true
4) Both judgments are wrong
BZ. Are the following statements true?
A. Closely related animal species are combined into a genus.
B. In total, there are two kingdoms of living nature: plants and animals.
1) Only A is true
2) Only B is true
3) Both statements are true
4) Both judgments are wrong
B4. Pick three true statements. The levels of organization of living matter that are involved in the formation of the organism of a multicellular animal are
1) cellular
2) species
3) fabric
4) organ
5) biocenotic
6) biosphere
B5. Establish a sequence of levels of organization of living matter, starting with the cell.
2) organism
4) biosphere
6) biocenosis
Answer: 1-3-2-5-6-4
B6. Establish a sequence of systematic categories, starting with the smallest.
2) kingdom
Answer: 4-1-3-2
OPTION 2
In each task, choose one correct answer from the four suggested.
A1. The cell is a separate organism in
1) the simplest animal
2) flowering plant
3) cap mushroom
4) an amphibian animal
A2. Cells, the structure and functions of which are similar, form
1) frog organism
2) tree stem
3) the conductive tissue of the plant
4) internal organs of fish
AZ. It cannot exist independently in nature
1) bacterial cell
2) the simplest animal
3) fish fin
4) unicellular algae
A4. A group of individuals of the same species occupying a certain territory is
2) population
3) animals of the forest
4) flood meadow plants
A5. The shell of the Earth inhabited by living organisms is
1) population
2) biocenosis
3) biosphere
4) atmosphere
A6. Mushrooms are the substance of the biosphere
1) live
3) bio-inert
4) organic
A7. On the basis of hereditary variability, a person creates
1) types of invertebrates
2) pet breeds
3) types of flowering plants
4) organs of vertebrates
A8. In nature, in the process of struggle for existence, there is
1) artificial selection
2) natural selection
3) the formation of breeds of domestic animals
4) the formation of varieties of cultivated plants
A9. The first natural classification of species was created by
1) K. Linnaeus
2) Charles Darwin
3) Aristotle
4) Theophrastus
A10. The set of individuals similar in structure, occupying a common territory, freely interbreeding with each other and giving fertile offspring, is called
2) view
4th grade
A11. All plants that inhabit the Earth are combined into a systematic group
1) family
4) kingdom
B1. Are the following statements true?
A. The cell of a unicellular animal is capable of carrying out all vital processes.
B. The whole organism of an animal is a collection of separate organs.
1) Only A is true
2) Only B is true
3) Both statements are true
4) Both judgments are wrong
B2.Are the following statements true?
A. The struggle for existence is one of the driving forces of evolution.
B. Individual hereditary variability is inherent in all living organisms.
1) Only A is true
2) Only B is true
3) Both statements are true
4) Both judgments are wrong
BZ. Are the following statements true?
A. The modern taxonomy of organisms is based on the commonality of their structure and origin.
B. In taxonomy, it is customary to distinguish between four kingdoms of living nature.
1) Only A is true
2) Only B is true
3) Both statements are true
4) Both judgments are wrong
B4. Pick three true statements. The biosphere as a living shell of the Earth includes
1) living matter
2) bioinert substance
5) inert substance
6) magma in the bowels of the volcano
B5. Establish a sequence of levels of organization of living matter, starting with the biosphere.
(Answers at the end of the test)
A1. What science classifies organisms on the basis of their relationship?
1) ecology
2) taxonomy
3) morphology
4) paleontology
A2. What theory was formulated by the German scientists M. Schleiden and T. Schwann?
1) evolution
2) chromosomal
3) cellular
4) ontogenesis
A3. The storage carbohydrate in the animal cage is
1) starch
2) glycogen
4) cellulose
A4. How many chromosomes are in the germ cells of the fruit fly Drosophila, if its somatic cells contain 8 chromosomes?
A5. The insertion of its nucleic acid into the DNA of the host cell is carried out
1) bacteriophages
2) chemotrophs
3) autotrophs
4) cyanobacteria
A6. Sexual reproduction of organisms is evolutionarily more progressive, since it
1) contributes to their wide distribution in nature
2) provides a rapid increase in population
3) promotes the emergence of a wide variety of genotypes
4) maintains the genetic stability of the species
A7. What is the name of individuals that form one variety of gametes and do not give splitting signs in offspring?
1) mutant
2) heterotic
3) heterozygous
4) homozygous
A8. How are the genotypes of individuals designated during dihybrid crossing?
A9. All leaves of the same plant have the same genotype, but may differ in
1) the number of chromosomes
2) phenotype
3) gene pool
4) genetic code
A10. What bacteria improve the nitrogen nutrition of plants?
1) fermentation
2) nodule
3) acetic acid
A11. An underground shoot differs from a root by the presence of
2) growth zones
3) vessels
A12. Plants of the angiosperm division, in contrast to gymnosperms,
1) have a root, stem, leaves
2) have a flower and a fruit
3) reproduce by seeds
4) release oxygen into the atmosphere during photosynthesis
A13. Birds, unlike reptiles,
1) inconsistent body temperature
2) a cover of the horny substance
3) constant body temperature
4) reproduction by eggs
A14. What group of tissues has the properties of excitability and contractility?
1) muscular
2) epithelial
3) nervous
4) connecting
A15. The main function of the kidneys in mammals and humans is to remove from the body
2) excess sugar
3) metabolic products
4) undisturbed residues
A16. Human phagocytes are capable of
1) capture foreign bodies
2) produce hemoglobin
3) participate in blood clotting
4) transfer antigens
A17. Bundles of long processes of neurons, covered with a connective tissue sheath and located outside the central nervous system, form
2) cerebellum
3) spinal cord
4) cerebral cortex
A18. What vitamin should be included in a person's diet in order not to get scurvy?
A19. Which species criterion should be attributed to the area of \u200b\u200bdistribution in the tundra of reindeer?
1) environmental
2) genetic
3) morphological
4) geographical
A20. An example of an interspecies struggle for existence is the relationship between
1) an adult frog and a tadpole
2) the cabbage butterfly and its caterpillar
3) the songbird and the fieldberry
4) wolves of the same pack
A21. The layered arrangement of plants in the forest serves as an adaptation to
1) cross-pollination
2) wind protection
3) use of light energy
4) reduce water evaporation
A22. Which of the factors of human evolution is of a social nature?
1) articulate speech
2) variability
3) natural selection
4) heredity
A23. What is the nature of the relationship between organisms of different species that need the same food resources?
1) predator - prey
3) competition
4) mutual assistance
A24. In the biogeocenosis of the flooded meadow, decomposers include
1) cereals, sedges
2) bacteria and fungi
3) murine rodents
4) herbivorous insects
A25. Can lead to global changes in the biosphere
1) an increase in the number of certain species
2) desertification of territories
3) heavy rainfall
4) replacement of one community by another
A26. What percentage of nucleotides with cytosine does DNA contain if the fraction of its adenine nucleotides is 10% of the total?
A27. Choose the correct sequence of information transfer in the process of protein synthesis in the cell.
1) DNA → messenger RNA → protein
2) DNA → transport RNA → protein
3) ribosomal RNA → transport RNA → protein
4) ribosomal RNA → DNA → transport RNA → protein
A28. With dihybrid crossing and independent inheritance of traits in parents with genotypes AABb and aabb, a splitting is observed in the offspring in the ratio
A29. In plant breeding, pure lines are obtained by
1) cross-pollination
2) self-pollination
3) experimental mutagenesis
4) interspecific hybridization
A30. Reptiles are considered real terrestrial vertebrates, since they
1) breathe atmospheric oxygen
2) breed on land
3) lay eggs
4) have lungs
A31. Carbohydrates in the human body are stored in
1) liver and muscles
2) subcutaneous tissue
3) pancreas
4) intestinal walls
A32. The separation of saliva that occurs when the receptors in the oral cavity are irritated is a reflex
1) conditional, requiring reinforcement
2) unconditional, inherited
3) arising during the life of a person and an animal
4) individual for each person
A33. Among the listed examples, aromorphosis is
1) flat body shape at the stingray
2) protective coloration in a grasshopper
3) the four-chambered heart in birds
A34. The biosphere is an open ecosystem, as it
1) consists of many diverse ecosystems
2) is influenced by anthropogenic factors
3) includes all areas of the earth
4) constantly uses solar energy
The answer to the tasks of this part (B1-B8) is a sequence of letters or numbers.
In tasks B1-B3, choose three correct answers out of six, write down the selected numbers in the table.
IN 1. The biological significance of meiosis is
1) preventing the doubling of the number of chromosomes in the new generation
2) the formation of male and female gametes
3) the formation of somatic cells
4) creating opportunities for the emergence of new gene combinations
5) increasing the number of cells in the body
6) a fold increase in the set of chromosomes
AT 2. What is the role of the pancreas in the human body?
1) participates in immune reactions
2) forms blood cells
3) is a gland of mixed secretion
4) forms hormones
5) secretes bile
6) secretes digestive enzymes
IN 3. The factors of evolution include
1) crossing over
2) mutational process
3) modification variability
4) isolation
5) variety of species
6) natural selection
When performing tasks B4-B6, establish a correspondence between the contents of the first and second columns. Enter the numbers of the selected answers in the table.
AT 4. Establish a correspondence between the plant trait and the department for which it is characteristic.
AT 5. Establish a correspondence between the structure and function of the human brain and its department.
AT 6. Establish a correspondence between the nature of the mutation and its type.
When performing tasks B7-B8, establish the correct sequence of biological processes, phenomena, practical actions. Write down the letters of the selected answers in the table.
AT 7. Establish the sequence of the processes occurring in the interphase cell.
A) mRNA is synthesized on one of the DNA strands
B) a section of the DNA molecule under the influence of enzymes is split into two chains
C) mRNA moves into the cytoplasm
D) protein synthesis occurs on mRNA, which serves as a matrix
AT 8. Establish in what chronological order the main groups of plants appeared on Earth.
A) green algae
B) horsetail
C) seed ferns
D) rhinophytes
D) gymnosperms
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1. Which of the following processes is characteristic only of animals?
1) the formation of organic substances from inorganic in the light
2) perception of irritations from environment and converting them into nerve impulses
3) the entry of substances into the body, their transformation and removal of the end products of vital activity
4) the absorption of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide during breathing
2. What property of organisms ensures the continuity of life on Earth?
1) metabolism
2) irritability
3) reproduction
4) variability
3.Specify a feature that is specific only to the animal kingdom.
1) breathe, feed, reproduce
2) consist of a variety of fabrics
3) have irritability
4) have nerve tissue
4. Russian biologist D.I. Ivanovsky, while studying tobacco leaf disease, discovered
1) viruses
2) the simplest
3) bacteria
5. Development of the animal's body from the moment of formation of the zygote to birth is studied by science
1) genetics
2) physiology
3) morphology
4) embryology
6.The structure and distribution of ancient ferns is studied by science
1) plant physiology
2) plant ecology
3) paleontology
4) selection
7. What science studies the diversity of organisms and unites them into groups based on kinship?
1) morphology
2) taxonomy
3) ecology
4) physiology
8.To study the structure of polysaccharide molecules and their role in the cell, use the method
1) biochemical
2) electron microscopy
3) cytogenetic
4) light microscopy
9.The body's ability to respond to environmental influences is called
1) reproduction
2) evolution
3) irritability
4) normal reaction
10. The genealogical method is used by science
1) morphology
2) biochemistry
3) genetics
4) embryology
11.The study of varietal and species diversity of plants is the task of science
1) paleontology
2) biogeography
3) ecology
4) selection
12. What level of organization of the living is the main object of the study of cytology?
1) cellular
2) population-specific
3) biogeocenotic
4) biosphere
13.The metabolism is characteristic for
1) bodies of inanimate nature
2) bacteriophages
3) influenza viruses
4) algae
14. At what level of the organization is the implementation of hereditary information?
1) biosphere
2) ecosystem
3) population
4) organismic
15 The science that classifies organisms on the basis of their relationship is
1) ecology
2) taxonomy
3) morphology
4) paleontology
16. The highest level of organization of life is
1) organism
2) ecosystem
3) biosphere
4) population
17. Gene mutations occur at the level of organization of living
1) organismic
2) population
3) species
4) molecular
18 science is in the business of producing high-yielding polyploid plants
1) selection
2) genetics
3) physiology
4) botany
19. Science is engaged in breeding new highly productive strains of microorganisms
1) genetics
2) biochemistry
3) cytology
4) selection
20. What methods are used to study the structure and functions of the cell?
1) genetic engineering
2) microscopy
3) cytogenetic analysis
4) cell and tissue culture
5) centrifugation
6) hybridization
21. Methods for breeding new breeds of animals are being developed by science
1) genetics
2) microbiology
3) selection
4) animal physiology
22. Genetics is of great importance for medicine, as it
1) establish the causes of hereditary diseases
2) creates medicines for the treatment of patients
3) fighting epidemics
4) protects the environment from mutagen pollution
23. The main sign of the living is
1) movement
2) weight gain
3) metabolism
4) transformation of substances
24. To study the structure of cell organelles allows the method
1) light microscopy
2) electron microscopy
3) centrifugation
4) tissue culture
25. The processes of ecological and geographic speciation are investigated by science
1) genetics
2) selection
3) about evolution
4) taxonomy
26. Science studies the impact of pollution on the environment
1) physiology
2) ecology
3) biogeography
4) selection
27. On what grounds do living organisms differ from bodies of inanimate nature?
1.the unity of the chemical composition (C, HO, N - 98%, form proteins, fats, carbohydrates and nucleic acids
2.cellular principle of organization (a cell is a structural and functional unit of living things. The exception is viruses that do not have a cellular structure, but are not capable of reproduction outside the cell)
3.volatility
4.openness
5.metabolism (respiration, nutrition, excretion)
6. irritability (taxis in protozoa, tropisms and nastia in plants, reflexes in animals)
7.Self-regulation
8.heredity (the ability to transmit traits from ancestors to descendants)
9.variability (the ability to acquire new traits)
10. Growth (quantitative changes)
11. development (qualitative changes). Ontogenesis is an individual development. Phylogenesis - Historical Development
12.rhythmicity (photoperiodism)
13. discreteness (the ability to consist of separate parts, interconnected with each other and forming a single whole)
28. In cytology, the method is used
1) hybridological analysis
2) artificial selection
3) electron microscopy
4) twin
29. Red clover, occupying a certain area, represents the level of organization of wildlife
1) organismic
2) biocenotic
3) biosphere
4) population-specific
30. Embryology is a science that studies
1) fossil remains of organisms
2) causes of mutations
3) laws of heredity
4) embryonic development of organisms
31. What science studies the structure and functions of cells in organisms of different kingdoms of living nature?
1) ecology
2) genetics
3) selection
4) cytology
31.The main task of taxonomy is to study
1) the stages of the historical development of organisms
2) the relationship of organisms and the environment
3) the adaptability of organisms to living conditions
4) organisms and their association into groups based on kinship
33. At what level of organization of living things is the circulation of substances carried out in nature?
1) cellular
2) organismic
3) population-specific
4) biosphere
34. An increase in body mass and size in human ontogenesis -
1) reproduction
2) development
3) growth
4) evolution
35. For living objects of nature, in contrast to inanimate bodies, it is characteristic
1) weight reduction
2) movement in space
3) breathing
4) dissolution of substances in water
36. To identify changes occurring in a living cell during mitosis, the method is used
1) microscopy
2) gene transplant
3) constructing genes
4) centrifugation
37. Fossil remains of organisms are studied by science
1) biogeography
2) embryology
3) comparative anatomy
4) paleontology
38. The science of the diversity of organisms and their distribution in related groups -
1) cytology
2) selection
3) taxonomy
4) biogeography
39. In which microscope can you see the internal structure of chloroplasts?
1) school
2) luminous
3) binocular
4) electronic
40. One of the signs of the difference between living and non-living is the ability to
1) resizing
2) self-replicating
3) destruction
41. The study of the structure of the smallest organelles of the cell and large molecules became possible after the invention of 1) a hand-held magnifier
2) electron microscope
3) tripod magnifier
4) light microscope
42. The science that studies the similarities and differences of the embryos of vertebrates -
1) biotechnology
2) genetics
3) anatomy
4) embryology
43 the twin method is used in science
1) selection
2) genetics
3) physiology
4) cytology
44. The formation of new types of organisms occurs at the level of organization of living
1) organismic
2) population-specific
3) biogeocenotic
4) biosphere
45. What science deals with the problems of the relationship between organisms and their environment?
1) paleontology
2) embryology
3) ecology
4) selection
46. \u200b\u200bWhat level of organization of living things are characterized by chromosomal mutations?
1) organismic
2) species
3) cellular
4) population
47 In a light microscope one can see
1) cell division
2) protein biosynthesis
3) ribosomes
4) ATP molecules
48.The primary, secondary, tertiary structures of a protein are studied at the level of organization of a living
1) tissue
2) molecular
3) organismic
4) cellular
49. The causes of combinative variability are studied
1) genetics
2) paleontologists
3) environmentalists
4) embryologists
50. What research method is used in cytology?
1) hybridological
2) centrifugation
3) genealogical
4) inbreeding
51. What is the characteristic of a living virus?
1) irritability
2) excitability
3) metabolism
4) playback
52. Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism in humans are investigated using the method
1) cytogenetic
2) genealogical
3) experimental
4) biochemical
53. Features of the processes of ontogenesis are studied by science
1) taxonomy
2) selection
3) embryology
4) paleontology
54 use in cytology modern methods research allowed to study the structure and function
1) plant organism
2) animal organs
3) cell organelles
4) organ systems
55. What organelles were detected in the cell using an electron microscope?
1) ribosomes
3) chloroplasts
4) vacuoles
56.The separation of organelles by centrifugation is based on their differences in
1) size and weight
2) structure and composition
3) functions performed
4) location in the cytoplasm
57. The creation of new individuals from combined cells is engaged in
1) cytology
2) microbiology
3) cell engineering
4) genetic engineering
58. Science that studies the role of mitochondria in metabolism -
1) genetics
2) selection
3) organic chemistry
4) molecular biology
59. The initial stages of ontogenesis of vertebrates are studied by science
1) morphology
2) genetics
3) embryology
