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V.I. Lenin (Ulyanov) April 10 (22), 1870, Simbirsk - January 21, 1924, Gorki estate, Moscow provinceSlide 2
1st Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR December 30, 1922 - January 21, 1924 Successor: Alexey Ivanovich Rykov 1st Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR November 8, 1917 - January 21, 1924 Predecessor: position established; Alexander Fedorovich Kerensky as Minister-Chairman of the Provisional Government Successor: Alexey Ivanovich Rykov Party: RSDLP, later RCP(b) Education: Kazan University Profession: Lawyer Religion: Atheist Birth: April 10 (22), 1870, Simbirsk, Russian Empire Death: January 21 1924 (53 years old), Gorki estate, Moscow province, RSFSR Buried: Lenin Mausoleum, Moscow Father: Ilya Nikolaevich Ulyanov Mother: Maria Aleksandrovna Ulyanova Spouse: Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya Children: None
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Childhood, education and upbringing Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov was born in Simbirsk (now Ulyanovsk), in the family of public school inspector Ilya Nikolaevich Ulyanov (1831-1886). Mother - Maria Alexandrovna Ulyanova (née Blank, 1835-1916). In 1879-1887, Vladimir Ulyanov studied at the Simbirsk gymnasium, headed by F.I. Kerensky, the father of the future head of the Provisional Government. In 1887 he graduated from high school with a gold medal and entered the law faculty of Kazan University. F.I. Kerensky was very disappointed with the choice of Volodya Ulyanov, since he advised him to enter the history and literature department of the university due to the younger Ulyanov’s great success in Latin and literature. In the same year, 1887, on May 8 (20), Vladimir Ilyich’s elder brother, Alexander, was executed as a participant in a Narodnaya Volya conspiracy to assassinate Emperor Alexander III. Three months after admission, Vladimir Ilyich was expelled for participating in student “unrest” caused by the new university charter, the introduction of police surveillance of students and a campaign to combat “unreliable” students. According to the student inspector, who suffered from student unrest, Vladimir Ilyich was in the forefront of the raging students, almost with clenched fists. As a result of the unrest, Vladimir Ilyich, along with 40 other students, was arrested the next night and sent to the police station. All those arrested were expelled from the university and sent to their “homeland.” Later, another group of students left Kazan University in protest against the repression. Among those who voluntarily left the university was Lenin’s cousin, Vladimir Aleksandrovich Ardashev. After petitions from Lyubov Alexandrovna Ardasheva, Vladimir Ilyich’s aunt, he was exiled to the village of Kokushkino, Kazan province, where he lived in the Adashevs’ house until the winter of 1888-1889. Vladimir Ulyanov at the age of 4 years
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The beginning of revolutionary activity In the fall of 1889, the Ulyanov family moved to Samara, where Lenin also maintained contact with local revolutionaries. In 1891, Vladimir Ulyanov passed the exams as an external student for a course at the Faculty of Law of St. Petersburg University. After that, he got a job as an assistant to the sworn attorney (lawyer) Wolkenstein, but did not practice law for long. In 1893, Lenin came to St. Petersburg, where he wrote works on the problems of Marxist political economy, the history of the Russian liberation movement, and the history of the capitalist evolution of the post-reform Russian village and industry. Some of them were published legally. At this time he also developed the program of the Social Democratic Party. The activities of V.I. Lenin as a publicist and researcher of the development of capitalism in Russia, based on extensive statistical materials, make him famous among Social Democrats and opposition-minded liberal figures, as well as in many other circles of Russian society.
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October Revolution of 1917 On the evening of October 24, 1917, Lenin arrived in Smolny and began to lead the uprising, the direct organizer of which was the Chairman of the Petrograd Soviet L. D. Trotsky. It took 2 days to overthrow the government of A.F. Kerensky. On November 7 (October 25) Lenin wrote an appeal for the overthrow of the Provisional Government. On the same day, at the opening of the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets, Lenin's decrees on peace and land were adopted and a government was formed - the Council of People's Commissars, headed by Lenin. On January 5, 1918, the Constituent Assembly opened, the majority of which was won by the Socialist Revolutionaries, representing the interests of the peasants, who at that time made up 90% of the country's population. Lenin, with the support of the Left Social Revolutionaries, presented the Constituent Assembly with a choice: ratify the power of the Soviets and the decrees of the Bolshevik government or disperse. The Constituent Assembly, which did not agree with this formulation of the issue, was forcibly dissolved. During the 124 days of the “Smolny period,” Lenin wrote over 110 articles, draft decrees and resolutions, delivered over 70 reports and speeches, wrote about 120 letters, telegrams and notes, and participated in the editing of more than 40 state and party documents. The working day of the chairman of the Council of People's Commissars lasted 15-18 hours. During this period, Lenin chaired 77 meetings of the Council of People's Commissars, led 26 meetings and meetings of the Central Committee, participated in 17 meetings of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and its Presidium, and in the preparation and conduct of 6 different All-Russian Congresses of Working People. After the Central Committee of the Party and the Soviet government moved from Petrograd to Moscow, from March 11, 1918, Lenin lived and worked in Moscow. Lenin's personal apartment and office were located in the Kremlin, on the third floor of the former Senate building.
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Last years (1921-1924) V.I. Lenin during illness. Gorki near Moscow. 1923
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Lenin was one of the initiators of the campaign to confiscate church valuables, which caused resistance from representatives of the clergy and some parishioners. The shooting of parishioners in Shuya caused great resonance. In connection with these events, on March 19, 1922, Lenin drafted a secret letter that qualified the events in Shuya as just one manifestation of a general plan of resistance to the decree of Soviet power on the part of “the most influential group of the Black Hundred clergy.” On March 30, at a meeting of the Politburo, on the recommendations of Lenin, a plan was adopted to destroy the church organization. Lenin contributed to the establishment of a one-party system in the country and the spread of atheistic views. In 1922, on his recommendations, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was created. In 1923, shortly before his death, Lenin wrote his last works: “On cooperation”, “How can we reorganize the workers’ krin”, “Less is better”, in which he offers his vision of the economic policy of the Soviet state and measures to improve the work of the state apparatus and parties. On January 4, 1923, V.I. Lenin dictates the so-called “Addition to the letter of December 24, 1922,” in which, in particular, the characteristics of individual Bolsheviks claiming to be the leader of the party (Stalin, Trotsky, Bukharin, Pyatakov) were given.
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Illness and death The consequences of injury and overwork led Lenin to a serious illness. In March 1922, Lenin led the work of the 11th Congress of the RCP (b) - the last party congress at which he spoke. In May 1922 he became seriously ill, but returned to work in early October. Leading German specialists in nervous diseases were called in for treatment. Lenin's chief physician from December 1922 until his death in 1924 was Otfried Förster. Lenin's last public speech took place on November 20, 1922 at the plenum of the Moscow Soviet. On December 16, 1922, his health condition again deteriorated sharply, and in May 1923, due to illness, he moved to the Gorki estate near Moscow. The last time Lenin was in Moscow was on October 18-19, 1923. In January 1924, Vladimir Ilyich’s health suddenly deteriorated sharply, and on January 21, 1924, at 18:50, Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (Lenin) died.
Presentation of student 11 "a" class GBOU secondary school 404 Nurieva Anara
Person, politician and head of state Vladimir Ilyich Lenin
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov was born in 1870 in Simbirsk (now Ulyanovsk), in the family of an inspector of public schools in the Simbirsk province, Ilya Nikolaevich Ulyanov (1831-1886), the son of a former serf in the village of Androsovo, Sergach district, Nizhny Novgorod province, Nikolai Ulyanov (variant spelling of the surname: Ulyanina) Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov Childhood, education and upbringing
V. I. Lenin’s room, in which he lived from 1878 to 1887. Nowadays the House-Museum of the Ulyanov family.
In the fall of 1888, having returned to Kazan, he joined one of the Marxist circles organized by N. E. Fedoseev, where the works of K. Marx, F. Engels and G. V. Plekhanov were studied and discussed. Plekhanov played a major role in the development of Vladimir Ilyich, helped him find the correct revolutionary approach, and therefore Plekhanov was surrounded by a halo for a long time: he experienced every slightest disagreement with Plekhanov extremely painfully. The beginning of revolutionary activity
In 1898, in Minsk, in the absence of the leaders of the St. Petersburg Union of Struggle, the First Congress of the RSDLP was held, consisting of 9 people, which established the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party by adopting the Manifesto. All members of the Central Committee elected by the congress and most of the delegates were immediately arrested. The leaders of the Union of Struggle, who were in exile in Siberia, decided to unite the numerous Social Democratic organizations and Marxist circles scattered throughout the country with the help of the newspaper. After the end of their exile in February 1900, Lenin, Martov and A.N. Potresov traveled around Russian cities, establishing connections with local organizations. On February 26, 1900, Ulyanov arrived in Pskov, where he was allowed to reside after exile. In April 1900, an organizational meeting was held in Pskov to create an all-Russian workers' newspaper "Iskra" The first emigration (1900-1905)
V. I. Lenin, Pskov 1900
Already at the end of 1904, against the backdrop of a growing strike movement, differences on political issues emerged between the “majority” and “minority” factions, in addition to organizational ones. The revolution of 1905-1907 found Lenin abroad, in Switzerland. At the Third Congress of the RSDLP, held in London in April 1905, Lenin emphasized that the main task of the ongoing revolution was to put an end to autocracy and the remnants of serfdom in Russia. Despite the bourgeois nature of the revolution, according to Lenin, its main driving force was to be the working class, as the most interested in its victory, and its natural ally was the peasantry. Having approved Lenin's point of view, the congress determined the party's tactics: organizing strikes, demonstrations, preparing an armed uprising. First Russian Revolution (1905-1907)
Vladimir Ilyich, no less than other revolutionaries, suffered, was tormented, horrified, watching nightmarish pictures of the death of people and listening to eyewitness accounts of what was happening in distant, abandoned villages, where help did not reach and where almost all the inhabitants died out. (...) Everywhere and everywhere, Vladimir Ilyich asserted only one thing: in helping the starving, not only revolutionaries, but also radicals should not act together with the police, governors, together with the government - the only culprit of the famine and “all-Russian ruin”, and never against feeding the starving did not speak out, and could not speak out. A. A. Belyakov
October Revolution of 1917 On October 20, 1917, Lenin arrived illegally from Vyborg to Petrograd. Arriving in Smolny, he began to lead the uprising, the direct organizer of which was the chairman of the Petrograd Soviet L. D. Trotsky. Lenin proposed to act tough, organized, and quickly. We can't wait any longer. It is necessary to arrest the government without leaving power in the hands of Kerensky until October 25, disarm the cadets, mobilize the districts and regiments, and send representatives from them to the Military Revolutionary Committee and the Bolshevik Central Committee. On the night of October 25-26, the Provisional Government was arrested. It took 2 days to overthrow the government of A.F. Kerensky. On November 7 (October 25) Lenin wrote an appeal for the overthrow of the Provisional Government. On the same day, at the opening of the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets, Lenin's decrees on peace and land were adopted and a government was formed - the Council of People's Commissars, headed by Lenin.
V.I. Lenin and the Red Guards, 1918
LENIN
Vladimir Ilyich
(1870-1924)
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (Ulyanov) (1870 - 1924) - politician, revolutionary, founder of the Bolshevik party, the Soviet state, chairman of the Council of People's Commissars.
In Lenin's biography, his education was received at the Simbirsk gymnasium (he was born in the city of Simbirsk). After a short study at Kazan University, he was expelled due to his assistance in the student movement. In Kazan he joins a Marxist circle. In St. Petersburg in 1893, he was engaged in journalism, studying issues of social democracy and political economy.
In 1895, in the biography of Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, trips were taken abroad. After this, he became the founder of the Union of Struggle for the Liberation of the Working Class party. As a result of the arrest, he was sent to the Yenisei province. It was there that three years later Vladimir Ilyich married N. Krupskaya. It was there that he wrote most of his works.
After the end of his exile in 1900, he settled in Pskov. Then, in the biography of Ulyanov, in collaboration with other activists, the newspaper Iskra and the magazine Zorya are founded and published. In one of the issues he signed his name as Lenin (other pseudonyms: Ilyin, Frey, Karpov, Petrov). The surviving works of Lenin in the library are numerous, including his vision of the party and plans.
After the third congress of the RSDLP, he prepared uprisings and demonstrations. Despite the fact that the December uprising was suppressed, he does not stop working, writes new works, publishes the newspaper Pravda, and strengthens revolutionary organizations. In those years, the biography of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin included many moves and emigrations. After the February Revolution of 1917, he returned to Russia and made a report (the so-called April Theses). Lenin implements the plan for the proletarian revolution, leads an anti-government uprising, and after the announcement of his arrest goes underground.
At the Congress of Soviets he headed a new government: the Council of People's Commissars. He leads meetings and conferences. After the revolution of 1917, he concluded a peace treaty with Germany, founded the Red Army, and the Third Communist International. Lenin changed the policy of war communism to a new economic policy aimed at growing the national economy, and founded a socialist state - the USSR. As a result of poor health, he died on January 21, 1924.
"Childhood and Lenin's youth"
Prepared the presentation
Peremyachkina Saria Khaidyarovna mathematics teacher
Municipal educational institution Akhmetleyskaya secondary school
Nikolaevsky district
Ulyanovsk region
Lenin's childhood and youth
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (Lenin) was born on April 10 (22), 1870 in the city of Simbirsk (now Ulyanovsk). Here he spent his childhood and youth years.
His father, Ilya Nikolaevich Ulyanov, worked as an inspector and then as a director of public schools in the Simbirsk province. A teacher by vocation, an educator by conviction, Ilya Nikolaevich was a supporter of universal, equal education for all.
Mother - Maria Aleksandrovna Ulyanova - having received home education, passed the exams for the title of teacher as an external student. She knew three foreign languages and loved music very much. And she devoted her entire life to family and raising children: Anna, Alexander, Vladimir, Olga, Dmitry and Maria.
Volodya Ulyanov grew up as a playful, healthy, cheerful child. He learned to read early and spent a lot of time reading books. A lively, inquisitive mind and a serious attitude to his studies made him the best student in the gymnasium. Moving from class to class, he received certificates of merit.
Volodya was distinguished by his self-discipline, ability to complete the work he started, sociability, and ease of dealing with his comrades. He played chess well, skated and swam.
Lenin's childhood and youth
Already in his youth, Vladimir Ilyich had to endure difficult life trials. In 1886, Ilya Nikolaevich died. A year later, Alexander, Volodya’s older brother, was executed. Soon sister Anna was also arrested. In 1891, nineteen-year-old Olga died. Maria Alexandrovna steadfastly endured the blows of fate, and her son Vladimir became her main support during these years.
In 1887, Vladimir Ulyanov entered the law faculty of Kazan University and the whole family moved to Kazan. This was the year when student unrest swept across the country, caused by intensified repression after the assassination attempt on the Tsar. On December 4, 1887, a meeting took place at Kazan University, at which students presented a number of political demands to the rector. One of the active participants in the gathering was Vladimir. On the night of December 5, he was arrested and then deported to the village of Kokushkino, Laishevsky district, Kazan province, under the secret supervision of the police.
So seventeen-year-old Vladimir Ulyanov embarked on the path of revolutionary struggle.
Vladimir Ilyich... was the third child in the family. Lively, lively and cheerful, he loved noisy games and running around. He didn't play with toys so much as break them. At the age of five he learned to read...
Ilya Nikolaevich Ulyanov
Maria Alexandrovna Ulyanova with her daughter Anna
Family Ulyanov, 1879
Our family was friendly and united. She lived very modestly, only on her father’s salary, and only with great savings did her mother manage to make ends meet, but still the children did not need anything necessary, and their spiritual needs were satisfied, if possible. A.I.Ulyanova-Elizarova
Interior of the living room in the Apartment-Museum of V.I. Lenin
Exposition of a children's room in the Apartment - Museum of V.I. Lenin.
Dmitriy And Maria Ulyanov. 1882
Gymnasium essay by Olga Ulyanova on the topic “How I learned to read and write” and Olga Ulyanova’s drawing “Mill”
Dining room interior V apartment - museum of V.I. Lenin .
As a boy, Vladimir Ilyich learned to play the piano. According to his mother, he had excellent hearing, and music came easily to him.
Vladimir Ilyich began playing chess when he was eight or nine years old. He played with his father, who was his first teacher, with his older brother, Alexander Ilyich, then later with us, the younger ones - his sister Olya and me.
D.I. Ulyanov.
Living room interior in the House-Museum of V.I. Lenin.
The house where the Ulyanov family lived from 1878 to 1887. Nowadays – the house – museum of V.I. Lenin
Fragment of Volodya Ulyanov’s room in the House-Museum of V.I. Lenin
Fragment of the exhibition of Alexander Ulyanov’s room in the V.I. Lenin House-Museum
Graduate Simbirsk gymnasium Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov. 1887
The building of the former Simbirsk men's gymnasium, where Vladimir Ulyanov studied in 1880-1887. Nowadays it is secondary school No. 1 named after V.I. Lenin.
Class – V.I. Lenin Museum
As a student at the gymnasium, he studied well, having only one mark in all subjects: excellent. Moved from class to class with the first awards... D.I.Ulyanov
Books
Ulyanov family
"We let's go the other way"
Certificate of maturity received by Vladimir Ulyanov upon graduation from the gymnasium
In 1886, when Volodya was not yet sixteen years old, his father, Ilya Nikolaevich, died, and a year later another serious misfortune befell the family: for participation in the assassination attempt on Tsar Alexander III, he was arrested, sentenced to death and then executed - May 8, 1887 year - his eldest, beloved brother Alexander.
Despite his difficult experiences, which he managed to endure with great firmness, Volodya, like his sister Olya, graduated from high school this year with a gold medal.
A.I.Ulyanova - Elizarova .
"First arrest"
Students of Kazan University gathered on December 4, noisily demanded an inspector to come to them, and refused to disperse; when the latter appeared, they presented him with a number of demands - not only purely student ones, but also political ones... The inspector noted Volodya as one of the most active participants in the gathering...
The whole exception story happened very quickly. Vladimir Ilyich was exiled to the village of Kokushkino...
A.I.Ulyanova - Elizarova.
The outbuilding in which V.I. Ulyanov lived during his first exile. Nowadays the House is a museum of V.I. Lenin.
Fragment of V.I. Ulyanov’s room in the outbuilding in Kokushkino
He often wondered whether his elder brother had chosen the right path of struggle, and said: “No, we will go the wrong way. This is not the way to go." A.I.Ulyanova - Elizarova
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (Ulyanov) () - politician, revolutionary, founder of the Bolshevik Party, the Soviet state, chairman of the Council of People's Commissars.
Lenin received his education at the Simbirsk gymnasium (he was born in the city of Simbirsk). After a short study at Kazan University, he was expelled due to his assistance in the student movement. In Kazan he joins a Marxist circle. In St. Petersburg in 1893, he was engaged in journalism, studying issues of social democracy and political economy.
In 1895, Ilyich Ulyanov went abroad. After this, he became the founder of the Union of Struggle for the Liberation of the Working Class party. As a result of the arrest, he was sent to the Yenisei province. It was there that three years later Vladimir Ilyich married N. Krupskaya. It was there that he wrote most of his works.
After the end of his exile in 1900, he settled in Pskov. Then, in collaboration with other activists, the newspaper Iskra and the magazine Zorya are founded and published. In one of the issues he signed his name as Lenin (other pseudonyms: Ilyin, Frey, Karpov, Petrov). The surviving works of Lenin in the library are numerous, including his vision of the party and plans.
Lenin was one of the organizers of the second congress of the RSDLP, drew up a work plan, the party charter, trying to create a new society with the help of a socialist revolution. During the revolution, Lenin was in Switzerland. After the arrest of many party members, leadership passes to Ulyanov. After the third congress of the RSDLP, he prepared uprisings and demonstrations. Despite the fact that the December uprising was suppressed, he does not stop working, writes new works, publishes the newspaper Pravda, and strengthens revolutionary organizations.
After the February Revolution of 1917, he returned to Russia and made a report (the so-called April Theses). Lenin implements the plan for the proletarian revolution, leads an anti-government uprising, and after the announcement of his arrest goes underground.
At the Congress of Soviets he headed a new government: the Council of People's Commissars. He leads meetings and conferences. After the revolution of 1917, he concluded a peace treaty with Germany, founded the Red Army, and the Third Communist International. Lenin changed the policy of war communism to a new economic policy aimed at growing the national economy, and founded a socialist state - the USSR. As a result of poor health, he died on January 21, 1924.
After his death, the cult of his personality intensified even more: monuments to Lenin were erected in cities and villages, many objects were renamed in his honor. Libraries named after Lenin were opened, but not all of his wishes were implemented. The Lenin Mausoleum in Moscow houses the body of the greatest figure.
