What helps to understand others understood. “What helps us to better understand the other (representative of a different nationality, religion, other worldview positions)? ”

Researcher Robin Dunbar linked the activity of the neocortex, the main part of the cerebral cortex, with the level of social activity.

He looked at the size of social groups in different animals and the number of partners involved in grooming (an important part of courtship, for example, wool picking in primates).

It turned out that the size of the neocortex is directly related to the number of individuals in the community and the number of those who cleaned each other (analogous to communication).

When Dunbar began to study people, he found that social groups numbered about 150 people. This means that everyone has about 150 acquaintances whom he can ask for help or provide them with something.

The close group is 12 people, but 150 social connections is a larger figure. This is the maximum number of people we keep in touch with. If your number goes over 150, some of your past connections are gone.

It can be expressed in another way:

These are the people you wouldn't mind having a drink with at a bar if you happen to meet them there.

Writer Rick Lux tried to challenge Dunbar's theory. He wrote about trying to do this:

“In trying to challenge Dunbar's theory, I actually confirmed it. Even if you decide to disprove the Dunbar number and try to expand your circle of acquaintances, you will be able to interact with a large number of people, but this large number is just 200 people or even less.

This experience allowed Lux to draw attention to close connections:

“After my experiment, I came to respect:

1. British anthropology.

2. To my real friends.

I realized that there are not so many of them, but now I treat them much better and appreciate them more.

Dunbar's number is especially useful for marketers and people working in the field of social media and branding. If you know that each person can only interact with 150 friends and acquaintances, it will be easier to respond to rejection.

Instead of getting angry and frustrated when people don't want to connect with you and support your brand, consider that they only have 150 contacts. If they choose you, they have to give up someone they know. On the other hand, if people make contact, you will appreciate it more.

But what about where many have more than a thousand friends? But how many of them do you have any contact with? Most likely, the number of such people is close to 150. As soon as new contacts appear, the old ones are forgotten and just hang in your friends list.

Many periodically clean up their list and delete those with whom they will not communicate, leaving only close people. This is not entirely correct. The fact is that not only strong ties are important, that is, your immediate environment. Morten Hansen's book "Collaboration" describes how important weak social contacts (in particular, those that are made through social networks) are for a person. They are the key to new opportunities.

The study showed that it is not so much the number of connections that is important for human development, but their diversity. Among your acquaintances should be people who hold opposing points of view, with different experiences and knowledge. And such a contingent is quite possible to find in the social network.

Weak ties are useful because they take us into unfamiliar areas, while strong ties exist in areas already explored.

Hanlon's Razor

Never attribute to malice that which can be explained by stupidity.

In Hanlon's razor, instead of the word "stupidity", you can put "", that is, the lack of information before making a decision or any action. And here's how it works: when you feel like someone is treating you badly or doing something out of spite, first dig deeper and find out if this is not due to a banal misunderstanding.

For example, if you receive an email from an employee in which he strongly opposes your idea, it is possible that he simply did not understand its essence. And his indignation was not directed at you, he only opposed the proposal, which seemed to him stupid or dangerous.

In addition, it often happens that acquaintances try to help a person with their own methods, and he perceives this as vile intrigues. Humans are not inherently evil beings, so behind every imaginary harm there may be good intentions, just absurdly expressed.

Herzberg Motivational Factors

The latter theory can help in communicating with colleagues or even with friends and spouses. The concept was put forward in 1959 by Frederik Herzberg. Its essence lies in the fact that satisfaction and dissatisfaction with work are measured in different ways, not being two ends of the same straight line.

In theory, it is assumed that dissatisfaction depends on hygienic factors: working conditions, salary, relations with superiors and colleagues. If they are not satisfied, there is dissatisfaction.

But the work is not liked because of good hygiene factors. Satisfaction depends on a group of reasons (motivation), which include: pleasure from the work process, recognition and opportunities for growth.
We can deduce the following statement: working on with comfortable conditions, you can still feel lousy if, for example, you are not trusted with serious projects and do not notice the efforts.

And the fact that you get recognition and realize the benefits of your actions will not make up for the fact that you are paid pennies for this, forcing you to work in a terrible environment.

This theory is especially useful to those who are responsible for personnel in the company. Now it will be clear to you why people, despite good conditions, still quit.

For those who themselves are dissatisfied with their work, this theory will help to find out the cause of dissatisfaction and overcome it. And also, if your friends, relatives or acquaintances complain about the place of employment, you will never tell them: “But you are paid so well there! You're pissed off with fat, stay." This step can be very important for their future.

A PHOTO Getty Images

“I can’t imagine why he did this” ... “I don’t understand your feelings!” Many of us, even if we didn't say those words out loud, felt something similar. Sometimes we really lack the ability to read the thoughts and feelings of other people. Some are lucky - and they are gifted with empathy almost from birth. And what about the rest? Are they doomed to remain ignorant? Not at all.

The ability to understand other people can be developed. This will help two simple and exciting exercises. Both of these are variations on a basic technique called "Duplication" in psychodrama. When there is a desire or need to better understand the state of a person, you enter the role of an interlocutor for a while, trying to think with his head, feel with his body, pronounce his state.

Method 1. With strangers

You can, for example, in public transport choose one of the passengers to train. Now mentally imagine that you are him. Become him. What do you think about when you are him? What do you feel? What emotions are you experiencing? Be sure to speak in the first person (not “he rejoices”, but “I rejoice”), as if putting yourself in his place.

Not the fact that you will guess the parameters of the passenger's state. And even if you guess, it's not always possible to check it. But the task here is different - to get used to entering the role of another person, trying on his condition for yourself. You can also train in the park or in a cafe. At the end of the exercise, do not forget to "come to yourself", that is, to remind yourself who you are.

Method 2. With friends

Play Guess with a friend.

1. Invite a friend to participate in an experiment.

2. Place a chair next to his chair so that you are facing the same direction. A bench or sofa is also suitable.

3. Ask a friend to sit quietly for a while (15-20 seconds is enough).

4. Imagine that you are him. You can reproduce his posture, try to synchronize the rhythm of your breathing.

5. Now, as if from his role, pronounce the state in the first person. For example: "I'm calm and I like this game" or "I feel a little annoyed because you stuck with this game, but I didn't finish my coffee."

6. The task of the person being duplicated is to repeat only that part of the message that was guessed. You can't say "no", "wrong". If not a single word of "understudy" is suitable, then his interlocutor simply describes his condition in his own words.

The dialog might look like this:

Understudy (D): I'm a little tired, so much work has accumulated.

Subject (I): I'm tired because I didn't get enough sleep today.

D: If I got more sleep, I felt more alert.

AND: I would feel more energized if this exhausting renovation were over.

D: I don't like it when something is left unfinished, it creates constant tension.

AND: I don't like it when something is not done, it creates constant tension

The exercise lasts an average of 2-3 minutes. You can switch roles if you wish.

How to use

In its pure form, technology is not used in communication. But if you practice it regularly, you will be much better than before, closer to understanding the feelings and thoughts of other people. This will help you build good relationships and resolve conflicts more easily.

Anton Vorobyov - clinical psychologist, business coach, psychodrama specialist. On June 10 and 11, he holds master classes “Work for Joy or Play for Work” and “Guitar Light” at the Moscow Psychodrama Conference. See http://pd-conf.ru/ for details.

"The point of view depends on the point of sitting."

Have you ever seen how your loved ones quarrel? Agree that your feeling and the story of how it all happened can be very different from what its participants actually felt. Our perception of reality is highly dependent on the angle of view. This fact is well known to all.

It is on it that one of the important NLP techniques, which is called "", is based. Using it, we can consider any situation from all sides: with our own eyes, "get into the shoes" of another person and with the eyes of an outside observer. When changing positions, we can quickly learn to understand others people and get additional tools for quick and effective interaction.

And although each of us knows how to do this, at the same time, we tend to “hang” for a long time in a preferred position of perception. While good communicators use all three with ease. One important mechanism by which this occurs is association and dissociation.

1 POSITION OF PERCEPTION

"I - position" is the territory of our personal experience, which refers to the state of "Here and Now". In it, we have the richest sensory experience, and can clearly answer questions:

What do I like or dislike?

What do I want?

How do I think to achieve something?

In "I-position" we are in the most associated state. And focused solely on their own values.

At the same time, this position is inherently selfish, since in it we always give ourselves the first place.

And she is often "cut off from reality." The expressions "walk in circles", "beat your head against the wall" are just about people who get stuck in it. In "I - position" we often fantasize and project our feelings and thoughts onto others. We present our guesses and assumptions as reality.

Almost like this joke:

A man and a woman are lying in bed. The man looks at the ceiling and is silent.
Thoughts of a woman: "Why is he silent? Probably out of love? I feel: he has a different one!"
Thoughts of a man: "A fly .... I wonder how it still keeps on the ceiling?"

2 POSITION OF PERCEPTION

This is also an associated position. But being in it, we are very good at reading the thoughts and feelings of other people. Our focus is on the partner's values. People with the second position of perception tend to empathize and understand others. The "reverse side of the coin" is that the needs of other people are always more important than their own. Often such a person forgets about himself, or his environment does not allow him to do this.

If a person in the "I - position" learns to get up from time to time in the 2nd position of perception, this will help him better understand the motives of other people's actions and behave less selfishly.

3 POSITION OF PERCEPTION

This is the position of "included observer". In it, a person is dissociated, and looks at the situation a little detached. Emotions are preserved, but not as pronounced as in the first position.

Position 3 example: Your boss scolds you for a job well done. If you move into the position of "included observer", you can look at it "through the eyes of another person". So it will be easier for you to notice: how you look from the side.

Once in the third position, you can always give good advice to yourself.

The advantage of this position is that it allows you to develop a different attitude towards what is happening or what you are going to do. In this position, your "inner sage" helps you, who will give good advice to your "I". You will quickly be able to understand what the other person is coming from, how it can be connected to your point of view and see alternative options.

Imagine that the two of you are building Lego, but blindly, without seeing the end result. Is it easy? The third position will give you the full picture.

Our learning of something also comes from different positions of perception. In martial arts, a transition from the 1st to the 2nd position is accepted, when the student repeats after the master, trying to reproduce all movements as accurately as possible. The same way children use, imitating the behavior of adults.

This can be seen when a small baby with a preoccupied look pushes a stroller with a doll in front of him, feeling like a mother.

In their games, children easily master the second position, reincarnating either as a doctor, or as a fireman, or as a singer. This is the process of unconscious modeling. By the way, children learn language in the same way. We, as adults, almost always learn a language using the transition from 1st to 3rd position: first we learn the rules and memorize words, and then we try to put them into practice. The inefficiency of this approach is clearly visible: we have been studying a foreign language for years, and still cannot begin to speak it.

The ability to quickly move into different positions of perception and use them correctly gives us many advantages in life.

Very often, people cannot get out of a state of conflict just because each of them remains exclusively in the “I - position”: spouses dividing property after a divorce, a subordinate and a boss who cannot find a compromise solution in any way, friends whose quarrel dragged on for years.

The husband returns home after a difficult, stressful day with the only desire: "Relax and be silent!". He is met by his wife, a housewife who has no one to talk to for the whole day. Having fed him, she hopes for some kind of communication (or, at least, for words of gratitude for caring). When she repeatedly does not receive attention, her resentment grows larger.And there comes a point when she can't stand it.

Mom calls her son from a walk. He plaintively asks for permission to finish playing an interesting game, but receives a categorical answer: "Hurry home! Dinner is getting cold!" A frustrated child leaves his friends with regret and eats cooked food without appetite.

If close relatives tend to take the first position all the time, then conflicts are inevitable in such a family.

The best option is when a person can take the position of another, and then explain in the correct form: why he did it, and that he expects the same attitude from his partner.

If a person simply adjusts all the time, and does not say anything at the same time, then the feeling "that he is being used", "his interests are not taken into account" will grow. And then, the explosion is inevitable.

In families in which they are able to consider situations from all 3 positions of perception, warmer and more trusting relationships develop towards each other. And their children are better adapted to adult life.

So the question is: How to learn to understand others?" just doesn't work for them.

«. »

1. Introduction.

2. Main part.

3. Conclusion. Conclusion.

Introduction.

Communication is the interaction of people, consisting in the exchange of information between them. Communication is included in the practical interaction of people. It also satisfies the special human need for contact with other people. In the process of communication, the upbringing of children and youth is also carried out. Communication is a necessary condition for the formation of personality. Communication between representatives of different nationalities performs informational, regulatory and emotional functions. An important role in the process of communication belongs to the cognitive factor - the mutual exchange of information about the specific historical features of a particular people, its latest achievements in science, technology, economy, culture, art, etc. Any manifestation of disregard for the history, culture and achievements of one or another people gives rise to a feeling of resentment, distrust, leads to isolation, alienation.

Each person has to live in society, and therefore social integration is an extremely important factor in his life. The individual development of each person begins with his gradual entry, inclusion in the world around him. This entry into the world occurs through the assimilation by the individual of the necessary amount of knowledge, norms, values, patterns and behavioral skills that allow him to exist as a full member of society. The main reason for this process is that the social behavior of a person is not programmed by nature, and therefore every time he is forced to re-learn how to understand the world around him and respond to it. This process of assimilation by an individual of the norms of social life and culture is designated in various humanities by the concepts of "inculturation" and "socialization". These concepts largely coincide with each other in content, since both imply the assimilation by people of the cultural forms of a society. Purpose of the work:

Work tasks:

Make a conclusion.

Object of study:

Hypothesis:

Main part.

Understanding people

There are many factors that affect the perception and understanding of other people. Among them: age, gender, profession, individual personality traits, such as "I" - the image and level of self-acceptance.

The data obtained by Soviet psychologists are instructive in this respect. Two groups of people were shown a photograph of the same man and asked to describe the man verbally. The first group was told that the man was a hero, and the second group was shown the same photo as a picture of a criminal. Those who were told that this was a photo of a hero gave the description "heroic". “Very strong-willed face. Fearless eyes look askance. The lips are compressed, spiritual strength and stamina are felt. The expression on his face is proud. According to the same photo, the person who was called a criminal was given "criminal" characteristics. Here is one of them: “This beast wants to understand something. Cleverly looks and without interruption. Standard gangster chin, bags under the eyes ... "

Perception factors

“To change the world around you, you must change yourself” (Mahatma Gandhi)

A person who develops communication skills becomes wiser. He is always in better conditions, in better relations with people. Just as we keep our homes clean, we should be careful about the order of thoughts, behavior, manners, and our communication. By changing ourselves, we change the world around us. If you can accept that we are all unique and we all have differences, that will be the first step towards your personal freedom. This is not an easy task, but if you listen and try to understand people day in and day out, you will be on your way to a happy life. A person's idea of how others perceive him, to a large extent determines his behavior. As Nuttin noted: "We behave differently in the presence of another person than in the environment of objects." It seems that not only individuals, but also entire groups, organizations or communities attach great importance to how they are perceived and evaluated by others. Often people are willing to go to great lengths to look a certain way in the eyes of others, and put a lot of effort into understanding what impression they make. This phenomenon is the source and basis of the process that determines the results of the mutual knowledge of people. During this process, each of the partners develops ideas like "I think what he thinks about what I think he thinks", etc.

I believe that a number of features associated with individual traits and personality traits are more important than gender and age. An important role is played, for example, by the image of "I" and self-esteem - they are, as it were, the psychological foundation on which various factors that affect relationships with people are based. I mean those thoughts, assessments, judgments and beliefs about oneself that are related, as it were, to those external, visible manifestations of personality, about which a person can calmly talk.

The problem of perception and understanding of other people arises before us, as a rule, when we make and maintain contact with them. How we are understood by others depends largely on our behavior - we can help or hinder others to perceive us correctly. Everyone can ask themselves such questions: “Do other people know me well?”, “Is it easy for them to understand me?”, “Do I know and understand myself?”, “Do I help others understand me better?”. The best and most direct form of help here is our own openness.

Personality problems

In total, the researchers identified 18 main problems faced by individuals in a situation of intercultural interaction. Situations reflecting these problems can be grouped into three broader headings:

Examples of potentially conflict situations can be taken from ethnographic and historical literature, the press, and the observations of the developers themselves. The method of unfinished sentences is used, where the subjects formulate the possible causes and consequences of events. Interviews are also conducted using the "critical incident" technique: respondents are asked to recall events in which something happened that dramatically - positively or negatively - changed their opinion about members of another culture.

3. Conclusion.

The great wisdom in life is understanding that you see and perceive the world differently than others perceive it. And the great task in life is to learn to understand people. After all, sometimes it is not so easy to understand a person. Some of us go through life making decisions based on how we think - and no one else. We often act based only on our ideas about how life should be and how others should act or react to our words and deeds. And when things do not go “our way”, or the people around us do not act the way we think, this leads us to disappointment. Imagine what your life would be like if you could accept or understand someone else's point of view. As a rule, in most cases we consider ourselves right in any situation. Sometimes we can still see a different point of view, but, for the most part, the last word still remains with us. Building relationships with others and understanding people is one of the most difficult tasks in life. This is very difficult. Look at it this way - we are all part of a big family. We are all completely different, and this makes life very interesting. Would it be interesting for you to live if you were surrounded only by your doubles?

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““.What helps us better understand the other”

MUNICIPAL BUDGET GENERAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION "SEVERAGE EDUCATIONAL SCHOOL No. 43"

School Research Conference

«. What helps us to better understand the other (representative of a different nationality, religion, other worldview positions)»

I've done the work:

Kazanovsky Kirill Viktorovich

10th grade student

municipal budgetary

educational institution

"Secondary school No. 43"

Simferopol

Simferopol-2016

1. Introduction.

2. Main part.

3. Conclusion. Conclusion.

4. List of used literature.

Introduction. Communication is the interaction of people, consisting in the exchange of information between them. Communication is included in the practical interaction of people. It also satisfies the special human need for contact with other people. In the process of communication, the upbringing of children and youth is also carried out. Communication is a necessary condition for the formation of personality. Communication between representatives of different nationalities performs informational, regulatory and emotional functions. An important role in the process of communication belongs to the cognitive factor - the mutual exchange of information about the specific historical features of a particular people, its latest achievements in science, technology, economy, culture, art, etc. Any manifestation of disregard for the history, culture and achievements of one or another people gives rise to a feeling of resentment, distrust, leads to isolation, alienation. Each person has to live in society, and therefore social integration is an extremely important factor in his life. The individual development of each person begins with his gradual entry, inclusion in the world around him. This entry into the world occurs through the assimilation by the individual of the necessary amount of knowledge, norms, values, patterns and behavioral skills that allow him to exist as a full member of society. The main reason for this process is that the social behavior of a person is not programmed by nature, and therefore every time he is forced to re-learn how to understand the world around him and respond to it. This process of assimilation by an individual of the norms of social life and culture is designated in various humanities by the concepts of "inculturation" and "socialization". These concepts largely coincide with each other in content, since both imply the assimilation by people of the cultural forms of a society. Objective:

Understand the perception of people of different cultures and peoples and find out what contributes to the understanding of the goals of one by another.

Work tasks:

Find and study the relationship of people between groups of different perceptions.

Find arguments in favor of the fact that understanding between people is necessary.

Compare the received data;

Make a conclusion.

Object of study:

Society, people's perception of each other, as well as their joint presence in one system.

Hypothesis:

Can a man see in another only as much as he himself possesses, and can he understand another only in proportion to his own mind? Arthur Schopenhauer (German philosopher)

Main part.

Understanding people

Every day we meet a lot of people, observe their behavior, listen to what they say, think about them, try to understand them. It seems to us that we not only see what color the eyes and hair of this or that person are, whether he is tall or not, thin or full, but also whether he is sad or cheerful, smart or stupid, solid or not, and so on.

There is a widespread notion that the older a person is, the better they understand others. This opinion, however, was not confirmed in the experimental study. Research has also not confirmed that women are more perceptive than men. True, in the latter case, the question has not yet been fully clarified.

Perception factors

“To change the world around you, you must change yourself” (Mahatma Gandhi)

A person who develops communication skills becomes wiser. He is always in better conditions, in better relations with people. Just as we keep our homes clean, we should be careful about the order of thoughts, behavior, manners, and our communication. By changing ourselves, we change the world around us.
If you can accept that we are all unique and we all have differences, that will be the first step towards your personal freedom. This is not an easy task, but if you listen and try to understand people day in and day out, you will be on your way to a happy life. A person's idea of how others perceive him, to a large extent determines his behavior. As Nuttin noted: "We behave differently in the presence of another person than in the environment of objects." It seems that not only individuals, but also entire groups, organizations or communities attach great importance to how they are perceived and evaluated by others. Often people are willing to go to great lengths to look a certain way in the eyes of others, and put a lot of effort into understanding what impression they make. This phenomenon is the source and basis of the process that determines the results of the mutual knowledge of people. During this process, each of the partners develops ideas like "I think what he thinks about what I think he thinks", etc.

The degree of openness cannot be random, it depends on the current situation and the characteristics of the developing contact. It is desirable that it be related to what is happening at the moment in partners and between them.

Some people at such moments suspect the other of deceit, and, unfortunately, this is sometimes justified. This is one of the biggest tribulations that fall on a person. I mean the misfortune of losing trust in others. It usually manifests itself in total and blind suspicion. It is difficult to overcome the barrier of such suspicion and get close to such a person. Very often, global distrust of others is combined with distrust of oneself.

Naturally, it is difficult to meet such a person who has not been deceived at least once in his life. Having once been deceived, we try to avoid similar situations and the disappointments associated with them in the future. We try to be careful, attentive, suspicious, we decide that "we will never trust anyone again." But all this is an imaginary guarantee of security, because as a result we find ourselves in loneliness and isolation. I am talking about imaginary guarantees, because although we no longer risk trusting others, we do not get rid of the feeling of anxiety and inner tension, which, moreover, are reinforced by our memories. At the same time, we are tormented by terrible ideas of what might happen if we suddenly opened up to someone or allowed others to be more open with us.

We can help each other get rid of suspicion if we try to be more open and trust our partner. However, all this is very difficult, it requires effort and effort, and, unfortunately, there are no ready-made recipes for how to help in such a situation. After all, when we try to change something for the better, we have no guarantees that everything will be really good.

Each of us has a more or less varied repertoire of roles, positions and situations that we can imagine, and it is clear that two different people cannot have two identical repertoires. All these ideas about possible forms of behavior, thoughts and feelings of others seem to be hidden behind the scenes of our consciousness. But here comes the moment when we need to imagine what is happening in the inner world of some person, and we turn to ready-made images, trying to choose among them those that seem to us suitable for this person.

Although such an internal representation of the world of others is part of our personality, sometimes it feels like we are really penetrating into the inner world of another person. This feeling is accompanied by confidence: "I know for sure what is happening to him." Of course, such confidence is illusory, since one can never be sure that one absolutely accurately imagines the state of feelings and thoughts of another. We do not know exactly what is the mechanism for the formation of such representations. It is known, however, that their choice is based not on systematic and ordered mental activity, but through intuition. Intuition can be developed by improving the skills of adequate representation of what is happening in the inner world of others. The best criterion for assessing the correctness of our ideas about the experiences of another person is his reaction to our assumptions, confirming or refuting their validity.

Personality problems

In total, the researchers identified 18 main problems faced by individuals in a situation of intercultural interaction.
Situations reflecting these problems can be grouped into three broader headings:

Intense emotional reactions (anxiety, unfulfilled expectations, a feeling of lack of emotional support from local residents, the uncertainty of relationships, struggle with one's own prejudices and ethnocentrism);

The sphere of knowledge important for understanding intercultural differences (social attitudes towards work and property; spatio-temporal organization of communication; attitude to foreign languages; role structures; individualism / collectivism; rituals and superstition; hierarchical structures - class and status; personal and social values) ;

Cognitive psychological processes and phenomena underlying intergroup differences (categorization, differentiation, ethnocentrism, attribution, style of acquiring knowledge).

Examples of potentially conflict situations can be taken from ethnographic and historical literature, the press, and the observations of the developers themselves. The method of unfinished sentences is used, where the subjects formulate the possible causes and consequences of events.
Interviews are also conducted using the "critical incident" technique: respondents are asked to recall events in which something happened that dramatically - positively or negatively - changed their opinion about members of another culture.

3. Conclusion.

The great wisdom in life is understanding that you see and perceive the world differently than others perceive it. And the great task in life is to learn to understand people. After all, sometimes it is not so easy to understand a person. Some of us go through life making decisions based on how we think - and no one else. We often act based only on our ideas about how life should be and how others should act or react to our words and deeds. And when things don’t go “our way,” or the people around us don’t act the way we think, this leads us to disappointment. Imagine what your life would be like if you could accept or understand someone else's point of view. As a rule, in most cases we consider ourselves right in any situation. Sometimes we can still see a different point of view, but, for the most part, the last word still remains with us. Building relationships with others and understanding people is one of the most difficult tasks in life. This is very difficult. Look at it this way – we are all part of a big family. We are all completely different, and this makes life very interesting. Would it be interesting for you to live if you were surrounded only by your doubles?

List of used literature

Hedgehog Melibruda "I-You-we" Translation: E.V. Novikova

Sigmund Freud "Psychopathology of everyday life"

The Psychology of Influence by Robert Cialdini

http://psylib.org.ua/books/melib01/txt10.htm

“What helps us to better understand the other (representative of a different nationality, religion, other worldview positions)? ”

Introductory part.

1) The relevance of the topic.

This topic is relevant because:

firstly, working on this topic will help me develop my abilities and skills for this type of project;

secondly, for the last 2 years I have been thinking about a topic of this kind, and when the opportunity arose to work on such a topic, I decided not to miss this opportunity.

2) The problem is in my theme.
In this topic, the girth of humanity and the whole world is taken. I believe that any conflicts, wars, disagreements, etc. occur due to a lack of understanding of each other, and to each other. People do not know how and do not want to understand other people. For this, I think we should consider the reasons for our misunderstanding towards each other, and only then think about what can help us in this .

Main part.

1) Definition of the purpose and objectives of the study.

The purpose of this study is to obtain the correct answer and solution to the question posed: “What helps us better understand the other (representative of a different nationality, religion, other worldview)?”

The objective of this study is to collect as much information as possible in both theoretical and practical terms.

2) Theoretical part.

" What helps us to better understand the other (a representative of a different nationality, religion, other worldview)? that I exaggerate everything too much, and that there is no need to globalize everything like that, but I will tell you: "no", because I approach this issue, the topic in my own way.
So, before asking the question: “What helps us to better understand the other ...?”, I think we need to ask the question: “Do we need to understand the other at all ..?”. I think that this is necessary. .to. if you have no understanding for another person, therefore, you have a misunderstanding for him. If you have a misunderstanding for a person, then there will be a quarrel between you, then a disagreement, then a conflict, then enmity, and, as a result, a war. I think it’s understandable what do I mean .. Again, not everyone asks such a question. Why? I think because people in the world are becoming indifferent to everything and everyone.
It seems to me one andOne of the reasons for misunderstanding between different people is their indifference to others, which also leads to selfish preferences. The second reason I would call is that people always pay attention to such "little things" as faith, nationality, race, etc. On the one hand sides are important things, because they are a component of a person, but this is not an object because of which people would not understand each other. As I said, people need to understand each other, but for this you need to take certain steps (concessions), perhaps, for some, difficult steps. I think that these concessions are: showing respect for another, the ability to listen to another, and in the end imagining oneself in the place of another person, and all this leads to correct communication.
I would like to know if there are individuals, figures, etc. who have somehow touched on this topic?
"Understanding is the beginning of harmony" (Benedict Spinoza) ( https://shkolazhizni.ru/psychology/articles/61503/) Perhaps most of all, many lack tolerance and the ability to understand another person. If the interlocutor has views or intentions that are different from ours, then automatically, unconsciously, we tune in aggressively towards him. Probably, we all know how it happens when you suddenly find yourself in the middle of an angry argument, even if the topic is not serious, and the opponent is a stranger. It is very important not to immediately dismiss views that differ from yours. After all, how many people - so many opinions. And it is difficult to argue that one of them is more correct than the other. Just try to understand the other person. Why does he think so, why does he disagree with your point of view. Think about how to show him your point of view, explain to him why you adhere to it. Tell the person directly. Talk about it. Indeed, often during a conversation, people say one thing, but they feel and think something completely different.

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Practical part .

I decided to conduct a small survey (https://www.testograf.ru/ru/oprosi/aktualnie/4c0431ef74015a543.html) , which would help me to consider the point of view of different people (of different nationalities, confessions, worldviews) using social networks such as Facebook, Instagram, Vkontakte about the main issue of my project.

Here's what happened:

Based on the above data, we can say that the majority believes that it is important to understand other people, but still there are those who do not agree with this statement.

Conclusion.

Looking at the practical part of my work, one can say that people want to understand different people, perhaps they know the reasons for misunderstanding among themselves, and they know what would help them understand others, but at the same time people take into account the very "little things" (above said). You know, we are all different. This survey was "not alive", and therefore we cannot find out whether people answered sincerely or not. But I would like to believe that sincerely. Even if these were sincere answers, the question is asked: "A do you use all this in your life?". In my opinion, perhaps only a few ..

For this, in the "Theoretical part" of my work, I expressed my point of view on this issue. Perhaps this will be useful for someone.

Summing up my work, I would like to say once again, or rather make a call for people to understand each other, because this is one of the important components in our life.

Sources:
The main source of all information is a personal archive and life experience.

What helps to understand others understood. “What helps us to better understand the other (representative of a different nationality, religion, other worldview positions)? ”

Hanlon's Razor

Herzberg Motivational Factors

Method 1. With strangers