Reviews of the book "" Fyodor Dostoevsky. Guidelines. Subject. Syntactic norms of the Russian language "Crime and Punishment" by Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky

A CULTURE OF SPEECH

Preparation for the winter session

Assignments for practical classes:

NORMATIVE ASPECT OF SPEECH CULTURE

Questions and tasks:

1. Define the following concepts: language, speech, speech culture, speech culture, national language, literary language, dialect, sociolect, vernacular.
2. Compare the scope of concepts Russian national language And Russian literary language.
3. What are the main signs literary language?
4. What's happened language norm? What are the signs of normality? What's happened orthoepy? What branch of linguistics is orthoepy associated with? Name the types of spelling norms.
5. What is accentology? What is special about Russian word stress? Write out at least 10 examples of accentological variants from the spelling dictionary. Analyze the marks in the dictionary entries: which of them are permissive, which are prohibitive. Record the output of the dictionary you worked with.
6. What is vocabulary? What branch of linguistics studies lexical units? What can be associated with violations of lexical norms?
7. Explain the differences in the meanings and use of paronyms, make up phrases with them: pride - pride, ignorant - ignorant, intolerant - intolerable, put on - dress, present - provide.
8. What subsystems does grammar consist of? What subtypes of grammatical norms are distinguished? What do these standards regulate?
9. Put the nouns in the nominative plural. Indicate possible options and explain their use: address, accountant, century, year, director, contract, doctor, lecturer, rector, report, midshipman, warrant, turner, professor, driver, mechanic, snow, sort, soup, tom, tractor, truffle, hawk.
10. Put the nouns in the genitive plural. Highlight the endings. List the possible options and note the stylistic differences between them. Place emphasis on the formed word forms: ampere, orange, eggplant, barge, boot, felt boot, wafer, brand, gram, hollow, kilogram, comment, poker, tangerine, sock, estate, tomato, boot, wedding, candle, soldier, gossip, shoe, young man, cherry, apple, apple tree.
11. Open the brackets and highlight the endings of the inflected words: watched a film with the major (Pronin) - became interested in the English writer (Joseph Cronin); disagree with (Dr. Uglov) – disagree with (Prussian military theorist Adam Heinrich Dietrich von Bulow); became engrossed in the English writer Jane Austen) – became interested in the English linguist (John Austen) – became interested in the singer (Zhenya Osin).
12. What are the features of the declension of cardinal and ordinal numbers? Write down the following combinations in words and decline them: 711 kilometers, 153 copies, “014 year.
13. With which nouns are collective numerals used?
14. Define syntactic connections: coordination, control, adjacency.
15. Make up phrases according to the example: preparation and supervision (graduate students) – training and supervision of graduate students. 1. Admire and adore (the courage of the soldiers). 2. Collection and exchange (information). 3. Installation and maintenance (equipment). 4. Introduce and distribute (text of the resolution). 5. Push up and believe (victory).
16. How are the main members of a two-part sentence related to each other? Open the brackets and explain the choice of the form of the predicate: 1 . Half the city (to remain) without electricity. 2. More than 80 thousand spectators (come) to Luzhniki. 3.800 rubles saved over the summer (spent) on the purchase of textbooks. 5.Russian media (represented by) leading TV channels. 6. The IMF (to allocate) the next tranche. 7.Seven students (pass) the exams with excellent marks.
    8. A female surgeon (to perform) a complex heart operation.
17. What are gerunds and participial phrases? What is special about the use of adverbial phrases? In which one-part sentences are gerunds and participial phrases not used? Connect the adverbial phrases with one of these two sentences:
1. Opening the door………a) I saw a far from simple living room environment

………b) a strange picture appeared before my eyes

1. Traveling second class….a) the service was wonderful b) no one expected such good service
2. Without being embarrassed at all….. a) her whole figure expressed confidence b) she walked past the surprised guests
3. Falling into the lake...... a) he felt ashamed of his clumsiness b) he blushed with shame for his clumsiness.
1. Analyze (using a sample) speech errors in sentences and edit the statements:

example-statement	analysis of a speech error: what norm is violated, what exactly is the error	corrected version
1. At the invitation of friends, we had to visit this wonderful town.	The lexical norm is violated - the norm of semantic agreement: in the meaning of the verb “ had to" there is a component ‘contrary to the wishes of the subject of the action’, which contradicts the general meaning of the statement. A member of the synonymous paradigm is poorly chosen: happened - was lucky - had to - managed.	At the invitation of friends, we were lucky enough to visit this wonderful town.
2. The books you need can be ordered through interlibrary to the subscriber.	The lexical norm is violated - a member of the paronymic paradigm is chosen incorrectly: subscriber(‘the one who uses the subscription’)– subscription(‘a document granting the right to use something’)	The books you need can be ordered through interlibrary loan.
3. Only the sconce illuminated our compartment	The grammatical norm is violated - syntactic: the coordination of the forms of the subject and predicate is violated due to ignorance of the gender of the indeclinable noun sconce(hence, the morphological norm is also violated!)	Only sconce illuminated ======== our compartment.
4. The experimental results confirm our assumptions.
5. Contrary to the doctor’s advice, the patient refused hospitalization
6. During the day he traveled more than seven hundred and forty kilometers.
7. He lives one and a half hundred kilometers from the city
8. The head of the administration distributes and manages property and finances
9. The company announced a vacancy for the position of chief accountant.
10. Reading works of Russian classics, I am filled with delight and a sense of pride in Russian literature
11. At this wonderful flower exhibition, I would like to say “thank you” to its organizers for organizing a trip to another world, where you can so rest your soul!
12. There were a lot of letters received to the editor.
13. He suddenly slipped and fell
14. I invite my closest friends to my birthday.
15. When they sat down, she asked if he liked reading books.
16. Silence suddenly reigned, understanding the meaning of which my mood deteriorated.
17. Those who read books by modern authors had a certain point of view on the path of development of Russian literature.
18. Many were unable to solve problems and found themselves on the edge of poverty.
19. Most of the game has already passed.
20. The sudden departure of Khlestakov and the news of the arrival of a new auditor leaves officials in a daze.
21. I became very interested in the English linguist John Austin.
22. The stress falls on the last syllable in both words.
23. Extracurricular activities play a positive role in children’s development..
24. This article surprised me to the core.
25.Everyone has already submitted their theses for defense.

COMMUNICATIVE AND ETHICAL ASPECTS OF SPEECH CULTURE

Questions and tasks:

1. Copy from textbooks on speech culture the definitions of the following communicative qualities of speech: accuracy, clarity, wealth, purity, relevance And expressiveness.

2. How are the above communicative qualities of speech related to correctness of speech?

3. What functional styles of speech do you know? Do all functional styles fully embody the communicative qualities of good speech? Give reasons for your point of view.

4. What is speech communication? What components does verbal communication consist of? What is the name of the elementary dynamic unit of speech communication?

5. What are the conditions for successful communication? What organizational principles of speech communication do you know? Following what rules ensures the implementation of the principle of cooperation (see the maxims of G. Grice)?

6. Copy the maxims of G. Grice and D. Searle from textbooks on speech culture. Which qualities of good speech can be correlated with the maxims (postulates) of communication by G. Grice and D. Searle?

7. Take notes on the material for topic 10 “Visual and expressive means of the Russian language” according to the textbook ed. D.A.Romanova.

8. What is evidence And persuasiveness speeches? How is it determined proof in logic, what is its structure?

9. What is ethics? What is communication ethics? What rules must be followed so that our speech activity does not contradict the principle of politeness?

Preparation for the test

Review what you have learned on the following questions:

1. Language and speech. Basic functions of the language.

2. Language and culture. Speech culture as a branch of linguistics and as an academic discipline.

3. Speech culture. Typology of speech cultures.

4. National language. Literary language and its features.

5. The concept of a language norm. System of norms of the modern Russian language.

6. Accentological norms.

7. Actually spelling norms.

8. Lexical norms.

9. Features of the use of phraseological units.

10. Morphological norms.

11. Syntactic norms.

12. Speech communication. Model of speech communication and its components.

13. Organizational principles of speech communication.

14. Communicative qualities of good speech.

15. Ethical principles of speech communication. Speech etiquette.

16. Verbal and non-verbal means of communication.

17. The concept of functional style and style-forming factors. System of functional styles of the modern Russian language.

18. Scientific style: stylistic features, linguistic features, substyles and genres.

19. Journalistic style: stylistic features, linguistic features, substyles and genres.

20. Official business style: style features, language features, substyles and genres.

21. Conversational style: stylistic features, linguistic features, substyles and genres.

22. Specifics of the style of fiction.

23. Specifics of business communication. Text and language features of documents.

24. Means of expressiveness and figurative speech.

26. Figures of speech.

27. Basic linguistic dictionaries.

MAIN LITERATURE

1. Vvedenskaya L.A., Pavlova L.G., Kashaeva E.Yu. Russian language and culture of speech. – Rostov-on-Don, 2007.
2. Vvedenskaya L.A., Pavlova L.G. Rhetoric and speech culture. – Rostov-on-Don, 2008.
3. Goikhman, O.Ya. Russian language and culture of speech: textbook / O.Ya. Goikhman. – M.: INFRA-M, 2009. – 240 p. – URL: http://ibooks. ru /reading.php
4. Golovin A.N. Fundamentals of speech culture. – M., 1988.
5. Russian language and culture of speech. Ed. prof. L.K. Graudina and E.N. Shiryaev. – M., 2009.
6. Russian language and culture of speech. Ed. Doctor of Philological Sciences D.A. Romanov. – Tula, 2010.
7. Sintsov, E.V. Russian language and speech culture: textbook. / E.V. Sintsov. – M.: Flinta: Nauka, 2009. – 160 p. – URL: http: // www bibliocube/ ru

DICTIONARIES AND REFERENCES

1. Akhmanova O. S. Dictionary of homonyms of the Russian language. – M., 1974
2. Belchikov Yu. A., Panyusheva M. S. Dictionary of paronyms of the modern Russian language. – M., 1994.
3. Large phraseological dictionary of the Russian language. Meaning. Use. Cultural commentary. – M., 2008.
4. Bukina B.Z., Sazonova I.K., Cheltsova L.K. Spelling dictionary of the Russian language. – M., 2008.
5. Bystrova E.A., Okuneva A.P., Shansky N.M. Phraseological dictionary of the Russian language. – M., 2000.
6. Gorbachevich K.S. Norms of modern Russian literary language. – M., 1989.
7. Dal V.I. Explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language. In 4 volumes. – M.2003.
8. Linguistic encyclopedic dictionary. Ed. V.N. Yartseva. – M., 1990.
9. Lvov M.R. Dictionary of antonyms of the Russian language. – M., 1985.
10. Ozhegov S.I. Dictionary of the Russian language. – M., 2000.
11. Orthoepic dictionary of the Russian language. Ed. R.I.Avanesova. – M., 1981.
12. Reznichenko I.L. Dictionary of accents of the Russian language. – M., 2008.
13. Rosenthal D.E. Handbook of spelling and literary editing. – M., 1978.
14. Rosenthal D.E. Management in Russian. Dictionary-reference book. – M., 1981.
15. Russian language. Encyclopedia. Ed. Yu.N. Karaulova. – M., 1998.
16. Russian literary pronunciation and stress. Dictionary-reference book. – M., 1960.
17. Dictionary of the Russian language in 4 volumes (MAS). Ed. A.P. Evgenieva. – M., 1984.
18. Dictionary of synonyms, ed. A.P. Evgenieva. – M., 1975.
19. Dictionary of difficulties of the Russian language. – M., 1984.
20. Difficulties of the Russian literary language - M., 1994.
21. Modern dictionary of foreign words. – M., 1999.

It is better to study the topic using the textbooks of Vvedenskaya and Pavlova.

Subject. Syntactic norms of the Russian language. Complicated sentence. Difficult sentence

Practical lesson 19.

Target: deepening knowledge of the syntactic norms of the Russian literary language.

Mastering the topic is aimed at developing the following competencies:

The ability to construct logically correct, reasoned and clear oral and written speech (OK-2);

The desire for self-development, improvement of one’s qualifications and skills (OK-6).

Organizational form:conversation.

Issues for discussion:

1. Management standards.

2. Difficulties in using isolated phrases.

3. Difficulties in using complex sentences.

When preparing for the lesson, the student should refer to the following literature: Rosenthal D.E. Handbook of the Russian language. Practical stylistics: textbook / D.E. Rosenthal.- M.: 2011.- 81 p.; Russian language and culture of speech: textbook for bachelors / ed. IN AND. Maksimova, A.V. Golubeva. – 3rd ed., revised. and additional – Moscow: Yurayt, 2013. – 382 p., and also use Internet resources: e.lanbook.com - Electronic library system “Lan”, www.biblioclub.ru - Electronic library system “University Library Online”.

Tasks and questions for the formation and control of competences

Exercise 1.Open the brackets and write down phrases with these words. Please note that words that are similar in meaning or have the same root require different controls.

Confidence (your strength) - faith (victory). Review (book) - review (book). Rejoice (victory) - rejoice (victory). Get angry (inappropriate joke) - angry (stupid trick). Surprised (exceptional abilities) - surprised (exceptional abilities). Pay attention (disadvantages) - pay attention (to each client). Warn (danger) - warn (danger). Superiority (enemy) - superior (enemy). Obstruct (development) - slow down (development). Distinguish (bad and good) - distinguish (bad and good). Admire (his courage) - bow (his courage) - be surprised (his courage). Acquire (language) - master (profession). Rely (help) - be based (results). Pay (travel) - pay (travel). Full of (determination) - imbued with (courage). Characteristic (this person) - characteristic (this person).

Task 2.Write down sentences that contain management errors

1) More attention should be paid to spelling. 2) Their performances showed confidence in victory. 3) Upon the arrival of the train, we immediately went to the city center. 4) The speaker noted the shortcomings of the steel shop. 5) The review of the book briefly summarizes its contents . 6) The stars, these living flowers of the sky, burned above us. 7) Only certain universities did not take part in running competitions. 8) I miss you very much. 9) The draft board gave him a white card due to epilepsy. 10) The United States, counting on a quick victory in Iraq, is seeking to enlist international support.

Task 3.Edit the sentences to remove the string of cases.

1) A scientist from Denmark named Münter took a completely different approach to deciphering the ancient recording of the text from the era of the state of Urartu. 2) The astronomical books stored in the library are mostly copies of ancient books compiled by ancient astronomers from the cities of Mesopotamia. 3) The historian Nikolsky made a huge contribution to the study of the culture of states of disappeared civilizations.

4) The book describes the course of the brutal bloody war of the states of the East, which was waged for more than a hundred years, as well as the history of the development of the state of Van.

Task 4.Explain and correct errors in the use of participial phrases.

1) Suddenly silence reigned, and understanding the meaning of which, my mood soured. 2) Having lost public money, she had to make excuses to the whole team. 3) Having learned this wonderful news, his joy knew no bounds. 4) Listening to the birds singing and inhaling the aroma of a summer evening, it seemed that life was wonderful and everything was still ahead. 5) Remembering with sadness the possible but gone happiness, a stamp of melancholy and long-standing resentment appeared on her face. 6) looking at photographs of past years, he could not believe that everything was already behind him. 7) Reading works of Russian classics, I am filled with delight and a sense of pride in Russian literature. 8) Passing a difficult mountain pass, they more than once had to stop and wait for the rest of the expedition members. 9) As a child, he was always interested in issues related to technology. 10) Having met with old front-line friends, tears appeared in his eyes.

Task 5.Where possible, make up one of two sentences with an adverbial phrase.

Sample:I edited the manuscript. I submitted the manuscript to the editor. - Having edited the manuscript, I handed it over to the editor.

1. I swam to my heart's content. I returned home. 2. The doctor got acquainted with the results of the study. The doctor recommended a course of treatment. Petrov had a criminal record for hooliganism. Petrov did not take the path of correction. 4. Take measures to apprehend the criminal. The investigator managed to detain the criminal. 5. Gets out of the taxi. Bosnyatsky was not given any change. 6. Have free time. I can do a lot. 7. Take into account the gravity of the crime committed: Refuse the request of the shop committee to transfer the convicted person to bail. 8. Witness Sidorov testified. He got a call from the store. 9. The defendant wanted to hide his accomplices. He gave conflicting testimony.

Task 6.Mark errors in the construction of complex sentences

1) The guy asked us how long we would be busy. 2) The last thing I will focus on is the question of the use of prepositions. 3) Doctors believe that the disease is so serious that they have to fear for the patient’s life. 4) A group of specialists inspects the machine, prepared for shipment to the customer, which they installed from new materials. 5) The engineer who cited this fact turned out to be a great expert on the issue being studied. 6) I received many letters from friends and acquaintances, letters that made me very happy. 7) The Cossack horses, which were covered with foam, rushed ahead. 8) I still hope that you will visit me. 9) It seems to me that I have met this man in blue glasses somewhere. 10) At the meeting, the preparation of the region’s biathlon team for the upcoming competitions was discussed and whether it was possible to improve its technical equipment.

Main literature:

1. Vvedenskaya, L. A. Russian language and speech culture: textbook. manual for universities / L. A. Vvedenskaya, L. G. Pavlova, E. Yu. Kashaeva. – 31st ed. – Rostov n/d: Phoenix, 2013. – 539 p.

2. Russian language and culture of speech: textbook for bachelors / ed. IN AND. Maksimova, A.V. Golubeva. – 3rd ed., revised. and additional – Moscow: Yurayt, 2013. – 382 p.

3. Rosenthal, D.E. Russian language: textbook / D.E. Rosenthal - M., 2010. - 537 p.

Additional literature:

1. Butorina, E.P., Evgrafova, S.M. Culture of speech: textbook. allowance / E.P. Butorina, S.M. Evgrafova. – M.: FORUM, 2009.

2. Golub, I. B. New reference book on the Russian language and practical stylistics: textbook. allowance / I. B. Golub. – M.: Eksmo, 2007. – 464 p.

3. Rosenthal, D.E. Handbook of spelling and literary editing. – M., 2003. – 427 p.

4. Stylistic encyclopedic dictionary of the Russian language / Ed. M.N. Kozhina. – M., 2003.

Internet resources:

1. http://www.ahmerov.com/book_630_chapter_3_Predislovie.html - Online library.

2. http://www.rsl.ru/ - Russian State Library.

3. http://linglang.ru/pages/dict/general/?t202id=81554 - 2000 dictionaries and encyclopedias.

4. e.lanbook.com – Electronic library system “Lan”.

5. www.gramota.ru – Gramota. Ru: reference and information portal “Russian language”.

SECTION 3. STYLISTICS OF MODERN RUSSIAN LITERARY LANGUAGE

Learn to maintain a dialogue of any level of complexity, begin to better understand people, comprehend the art of overcoming obstacles that arise along the path of life, and simply enjoy evenings alone with yourself - not only business coaches and psychotherapists can teach us all this, but also classical literature And sometimes even to a greater extent than the listed professionals in their field!

Understand people better

Reading the classics not only promotes spiritual development, but also introduces you to the basics of psychology. Think about it: after reading the monumental works of Goncharov, Turgenev, Kafka, Wilde, you will begin to understand the causes and consequences of this or that behavior, get to know human characters better and comprehend the difficult science of interaction with the outside world.

Mikhail Lermontov

Great writers offer the reader almost universal types of personalities: Don Juan, Tartuffe, Macbeth, Pechorin and many, many others, which each of us probably comes across in life. After all, if you think about it, despite its apparent uniqueness, in most cases it is common for a person to act according to a pattern that developed hundreds of years ago. By reading the classics, you will not only be able to easily unravel the behavioral motives of your interlocutors, but also select your own “key” for each character. Do you want to become a master negotiator? Seek help from great writers.

Develop a culture of speech

It's no secret that reading any high-quality literature, be it modern prose or classics from the school curriculum, helps develop creative abilities, improve your thinking process and expand your vocabulary (we wrote more about this). And classical works can diversify your speech. New expressions and unfairly forgotten words of your native language will help you express your own thoughts more clearly and competently.

Effectively solve pressing problems

Many people mistakenly believe that classical works are hopelessly outdated: times and morals have changed, and advice given several centuries ago has lost its relevance. We are ready to argue with this! The main advantage of high-quality literature lies precisely in the fact that the truths once voiced by great writers are eternal, they do not depend on the current century. Even experts in the field of psychotherapy strongly recommend turning to classic novels in search of answers to pressing questions, because measured reading of good books can not only restore lost harmony, but also help you look at the situation from the outside and even find a way out of it.

Alexander Pushkin

Agree that the problems of every modern person, with rare exceptions, are typical, and therefore the range of their solutions is quite limited. The plots of “Anna Karenina”, “Eugene Onegin” or Shakespeare’s “King Lear” are still present in our lives, it is enough just to dress the main characters in modern outfits. And having studied great works well, you can easily get out of the most difficult situations.

Enjoy

The ability to perceive classical literature as a source of inspiration, rather than a school lesson, usually arises in adulthood. After thirty (and sometimes even later), a love appears not only for a daringly twisted plot, but also for philosophy, which sometimes turns out to be inaccessible to a schoolchild. Reading the works of Shakespeare, Goethe, Dickens, you will discover fundamentally new horizons for yourself. They will allow you to escape from everyday life, develop spiritually and get acquainted with the best examples of the art of writing.

Classics will help you relax after a busy day at work, reconsider your views on pressing problems and, quite possibly, begin to perceive life differently.

Vasilyeva A.N. Fundamentals of speech culture. – M., 1990.

Vvedenskaya L.A., Pavlova L.G., Kashaeva E.Yu. Russian language and culture of speech. – Rostov-on-Don, 2007.

Vvedenskaya L.A., Pavlova L.G. Rhetoric and speech culture. – Rostov-on-Don, 2008.

Golovin A.N. Fundamentals of speech culture. – M., 1988.

Ippolitova N.A., Knyazeva O.Yu., Savova M.R. Russian language and culture of speech. – M., 2005.

Russian language and culture of speech. Ed. prof. V.I. Maksimova. – M., 2001.

Russian language and culture of speech. Ed. prof. L.K. Graudina and E.N. Shiryaev. – M., 2009.

Russian language and culture of speech. Ed. Doctor of Philological Sciences D.A. Romanov. – Tula, 2010

Skvortsov L.I. Ecology of the word, or Let's talk about the culture of Russian speech. – M., 1996.

Formanovskaya N.I. Communication culture and speech etiquette. – M., 2002.

Dictionaries and reference books

Alexandrova E. E. Dictionary of synonyms of the Russian language. – M., 1968

Akhmanova O. S. Dictionary of homonyms of the Russian language. – M., 1974

Belchikov Yu. A., Panyusheva M. S. Dictionary of paronyms of the modern Russian language. – M., 1994.

Large phraseological dictionary of the Russian language. Meaning. Use. Cultural commentary. – M., 2008.

Bukina B.Z., Sazonova I.K., Cheltsova L.K. Spelling dictionary of the Russian language. – M., 2008.

Bystrova E.A., Okuneva A.P., Shansky N.M. Phraseological dictionary of the Russian language. – M., 2000.

Gorbachevich K.S. Norms of modern Russian literary language. – M., 1989.

Dal V.I. Explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language. In 4 volumes. – M.2003.

Linguistic encyclopedic dictionary. Ed. V.N. Yartseva. – M., 1990.

Lvov M.R. Dictionary of antonyms of the Russian language. – M., 1985.

Ozhegov S.I. Dictionary of the Russian language. – M., 2000.

Orthoepic dictionary of the Russian language. Ed. R.I.Avanesova. – M., 1981.

Reznichenko I.L. Dictionary of accents of the Russian language. – M., 2008.

Rosenthal D.E. Handbook of spelling and literary editing. – M., 1978.

Rosenthal D.E. Punctuation Guide. – M.1984.

Rosenthal D.E. Management in Russian. Dictionary-reference book. – M., 1981.

Russian language. Encyclopedia. Ed. Yu.N. Karaulova. – M., 1998.

Russian literary pronunciation and stress. Dictionary-reference book. – M., 1960.

Dictionary of the Russian language in 4 volumes (MAS). Ed. A.P. Evgenieva. – M., 1984.

Dictionary of synonyms, ed. A.P. Evgenieva. – M., 1975.

Dictionary of difficulties of the Russian language. – M., 1984.

Difficulties of the Russian literary language - M., 1994.

Modern dictionary of foreign words. – M., 1999.

Phrasebook. Ed. A.I. Molotkov. – M., 1967.

Preparation plans for practical and seminar classes

№ 1 Language and speech. Russian literary language and its norms.

Orthoepy: accentological and actual pronunciation norms

Questions and tasks:

Define the following concepts: language, speech, speech culture, speech culture, national language,literary language,dialect,sociolect,vernacular.

Compare the scope of concepts Russian national language And Russian literary language.

What are the main signs literary language?

What's happened language norm? Explore TOPIC 1 based on the textbook edited by D.A. Romanov and expand the concepts dynamism And variability norms. What does the concept mean? codification of the norm? Take notes on the section of the same textbook “Sources of information about language norms.”

What's happened orthoepy? What branch of linguistics is orthoepy associated with? Name the types of spelling norms.

What is accentology? What is special about Russian word stress?

Write out at least 10 examples of accentological variants from the spelling dictionary. Analyze the marks in the dictionary entries: which of them are permissive, which are prohibitive. Record the output of the dictionary you worked with.

Read these words, observing the norms of accentology. If you have any difficulties, consult a spelling dictionary. Indicate the reasons for deviations from accepted norms in speech practice: arrest, aristocracy,Athenians, bureaucracy, dispensary, document, quarter, flint, hunk, masterfully, medicine, gradually, scanty, for a long time, alleviate, inform, partly, mold, sentence, conspiracy, dowry, interest, beets, silage, orphans, statue, shorthand, carpenter, customs, aggravate, petition, owners, cement, hundredweight, scoop, sorrel, expert.

Take notes on § 9 - 13 of chapter “Correctness of speech: stress norms” from the book by B.N. Golovin “Fundamentals of speech culture”

Solve test problems:

A 1. Both nouns belong to the same accentological type - words with fixed stress based on:

1) director, cloud 2) monogram, sable

3) quarter, landscape 4) convocation, stanza 5) watermelon, shop

A. 2. The word is stressed correctly:

1) quart A l 2) cat A log 3) neftepr O water 4) cake O in 5) hut A polished

A 3, In both words the stress is placed correctly:

1) with c And rkulyami, with driver e ramie

3) she lied A, wine n A lito

4) I'm calling you I t, they b A pamper children

5) buyout O sharpen, aggravate And t

Explore TOPIC 6 based on the textbook edited by D.A. Romanova, What norms are actually called pronunciation(actually orthoepic)? List the basic pronunciation norms in the area of ​​consonants and vowels. What difficulties do we encounter in pronouncing the following words (group the words according to the possible type of deviation from the hole, separately note the possible pronunciation options): adequate, obstetrician, anesthesia, annexation, baobab, baroque, bonna, bakery, mustard plaster, grenadier, dean, neckline, decor, hyphen, bile, interview, clarinet, criterion, mission, mocha, museum, oasis, Odessa, guardianship, boast, disinfect, puree, straightened, tender, masterpiece, driver, ecarte, essay, scrambled eggs, barley.

№ 2 Lexical norms. Use of phraseological units

Questions and tasks:

What is vocabulary? What can be associated with violations of lexical norms?

Extract from linguistic encyclopedic dictionaries or reference books (see also TOPIC 7) definitions of the following concepts: antonyms,synonyms,paronyms,homonyms,ambiguous word, borrowed word, obsolete word. From aspect dictionaries, write down several corresponding (antonymic, synonymous, etc.) paradigms. Provide the output of the dictionaries you worked with.

Using explanatory dictionaries, determine the meanings of words, pay attention to stylistic marks: what do they mean, what information about the use of lexemes can be gleaned from the marks? Make up sentences using the underlined words: agency, adaptation,analogue , annul, antagonism, apartheid, appeal, apocalypse, attache,authentic , run, fiction,unprecedented , good, briefing,vernissage , virtual, grotesque, declaration, dumping, deposit, deportation,dividend , dilemma , dealer, dissident, distributor, dithyramb, identical, hierarchy, image, impeachment, impressionism,investment , innovation , interpretation, infantilism, infernal,incident , hypochondriac, cataclysm, catalog, compromise,consomme , consonance, monitoring, nouveau riche, opportunity, nonsense, outskirts, panacea, panegyric,tunic, vanity.

Determine the lexical meaning of borrowed words by referring to explanatory dictionaries or dictionaries of borrowed words (indicate the output data of the dictionaries). Place emphasis on the words and pronounce them, observing spelling standards: apartments, alcohol, peanuts, apostrophe, asymmetry, autogenous, bartender, bungalow, boutique, gala concert, grapefruit, blinds, ikebana, marketing, pizzeria, rhododendron facsimile, feminism, flyleaf, bookplate.

Find Russian synonyms for foreign words. Explain in which cases it is more appropriate to use a borrowed word, in which - Russian: ambition,verdict, memoirs, punctual, fauna, flora.

Indicate which synonyms can be combined with the words placed in brackets. TO brown, brown (dress, eyes, paint, material). Thick, full (woman, notebook, stick, material). Swarthy, dark (sky, face, hair, matter, eyes, forest). Dense, dense (forest, drink, grass, fog). obvious, clear (question, explanation, error, sky). Hot, sultry (water, summer, hello, speech, wind). Dose, part, portion, share (building, population, bread, medicine, inheritance). Vast, limitless (delight, hall, garden, room).

Explain the differences in the meanings and use of paronyms, make up phrases with them: pride - pride, ignorant - ignorant, intolerant - intolerable, put on - dress, present - provide.

Explain the difference between the meanings of words Russian And Russian. Make up sentences with each of them.

What is phraseology? What units of language are called phraseological units? What is special about the use of phraseological units? Write out phraseological units with components from explanatory and/or phraseological dictionaries leg,hand,white, gold. Make up 6–7 sentences with them.

Determine the meaning of the following phraseological units: Achilles' heel; absolute zero; lead by example; throw words to the wind; take your word for it; thing in itself; exit the game; keep your word; matter; play a role; a colossus with feet of clay; the cat cried; on the seventh sky; take one's word; sing praises. Compose a text using 5 - 7 phraseological units in accordance with their meaning and style.

Find errors in the use of phraseological units and phraseological combinations: 1.The writer keeps up with his time. 2. This article surprised me to the core. 3. He took the lion's share of what he earned. 4. The manager is simply obliged to take the initiative. 5. The history of the appearance of the shroud in Europe is shrouded in complete mystery.

What is pleonasm? How does tautology differ from pleonasm?

Analyze violations of the norms of use of lexical and phraseological units:

He was an easy-going, successful person.

Both plot lines, personal and public, develop in the comedy in parallel, intersecting each other.

The sudden departure of Khlestakov and the news of the arrival of a new auditor leaves officials in a daze.

The scientist stood at the sources of mechanical engineering.

The artist won the gratitude of the audience.

He had long dreamed of the title role in Crime and Punishment.

His gaze is either pleading, or serious, or outrageous.

I have already talked about my autobiography in the introductory article.

The institute has developed new methods and developments on this problem.

The company announced a vacancy for the position of chief accountant.

The president of the company called on everyone to cooperate together.

The painting by V. Serov depicts a young girl with dark brown eyes.

Shevchenko shoots at goal and actually misses.

At this wonderful flower exhibition, I would like to say “thank you” to its organizers for organizing a trip to another world, where you can so rest your soul!

Many were unable to solve problems and found themselves on the edge of poverty.

Most of the game has already passed.

Extracurricular activities play a positive role in the development of children.

example-statement	analysis of a speech error: what norm is violated, what exactly is the error	corrected version
1. At the invitation of friends, wehad to	The norm of semantic agreement is violated: in the meaning of the verb “ had to" there is a component ‘contrary to the wishes of the subject of the action’, which contradicts the general meaning of the statement. The member of the synonymous paradigm is poorly chosen: happened - was lucky - had to - managed.	At the invitation of friends welucky visit this wonderful town.
2. The books you need can be ordered through interlibraryto the subscriber .	The member of the paronymic paradigm is incorrectly selected: subscriber(‘one who uses a subscription’) –subscription(‘a document granting the right to use something’)	The books you need can be ordered through interlibrarysubscription

№ 3 Grammar rules (morphology)

Questions and tasks:

What does morphology study? Explore TOPIC 8 based on the textbook edited by D.A. Romanov and list difficult cases in the system of morphological norms.

Distribute nouns into groups: 1) indeclinable 2) indeclinable; then determine the gender of all words. With the words in bold, make up the phrases “to them.” adj. + im. noun in units”; with underlined words - sentences in which a verb in the past tense form is used as a predicate: Doctor , doctor,mediocrity , turntable, bigwig, upstart, victim, singer, colleague, gourmet,ignoramus , touchy, stupid, smart, half-educated, scribbler,foreman , judge, toastmaster, sneak piano,shoe , sconce,mouse , potato , coffee , salami , producer , entertainer , potpourri, rail, tulle, cafe, shoe, cockatoo,shampoo , chimpanzee,corn , time sheet, depot, compartment, menu,Taxi , bet,jury , hummingbird, Baku,Mississippi , Tbilisi,Sochi , Toronto,Hugo, Dumas .

Put the nouns in the nominative plural. Indicate possible options and explain their use: address, accountant, century, year, director, contract, doctor, lecturer, rector, report, midshipman, warrant, turner, professor, driver, mechanic, snow, grade, soup, tom, tractor, truffle, hawk.

Put the nouns in the genitive plural. Highlight the endings. List the possible options and note the stylistic differences between them. Place emphasis on the formed word forms: ampere, orange, eggplant, barge, boot, felt boot, wafer, brand, gram, hollow, kilogram, comment, poker, tangerine, sock, estate, tomato, boot, wedding, candle, soldier, gossip, shoe, young man, cherry, apple, apple tree.

Open the brackets and highlight the endings of the inflected words: watched a film with the major (Pronin) - became interested in the English writer (Joseph Cronin); disagree with (Dr. Uglov) – disagree with (Prussian military theorist Adam Heinrich Dietrich von Bulow); became engrossed in the English writer Jane Austen) – became interested in the English linguist (John Austen) – became interested in the singer (Zhenya Osin).

What categories are numerals divided into by meaning and structure?

What is the peculiarity of the declension of compound ordinal numbers? Write down the following combinations in words and decline them: 2000, 2010, metropolis with a population of 15,000,000.

What is the peculiarity of the declension of compound cardinal numerals? Write down the following combinations in words and decline them: 711 kilometers, 153 copies, 329 students.

What is special about the use of collective numerals?

Copy the sentences using numerals in the required form and choosing the desired form of the noun:

On this unfortunate Monday he was left with (54) (ruble) in his pocket.

About (1,850) (hectares) of land was plowed.

The teacher managed to interview (24) (student).

A load weighing (1,500) (ton) was lifted.

Each was given (235) (ruble).

During the day he traveled more than (740) (kilometers).

This happened in (2000) (year).

Everything in the gallery is ready for the meeting (250,000) (visitor).

It remains to go (12, 5) (kilometer).

Find errors in the use of numerals:

a) in both cases; b) with one and a half tons; c) about eight hundred meters

d) three professors e) in two thousand and two; e) three schoolgirls

№ 4 Grammar rules (syntax)

Questions and tasks:

Explore TOPIC 9 based on the textbook edited by D.A. Romanova.

What is syntax as a section of grammar and as a level of the language system?

Define syntactic connections: coordination, control, adjacency.

Make up phrases according to the example: preparation and supervision (graduate students) – training and supervision of graduate students. 1. Admire and adore (the courage of the soldiers). 2. Collection and exchange (information). 3. Installation and maintenance (equipment). 4. Introduce and distribute (text of the resolution). 5. Push up and believe (victory).

Make up phrases with the listed words as main words according to the model “main word + case form of a noun”: pay, pay, pay, note, confirm, testify, understand, hinder, slow down, master, assimilate, review, review, confidence, faith, rejoice, overjoyed.

How are the main members of a two-part sentence related to each other? Open the brackets and explain the choice of the form of the predicate: 1 . Half the city (to remain) without electricity. 2..More than 80 thousand spectators (come) to Luzhniki. 3.800 rubles saved over the summer (spent) on the purchase of textbooks. 4.. Nobody; neither deputies, nor ministers, nor the president (have the right) to violate the Constitution. 5.Russian media (represented by) leading TV channels. 6.The IMF (to allocate) the next tranche. 7.. Seven students (pass) the exams with excellent marks. 8.A female surgeon (to perform) a complex heart operation.

What sentences are called complicated? List the types of complicators.

What are gerunds and participial phrases? What is special about the use of adverbial phrases? In which one-part sentences are gerunds and participial phrases not used? Connect the adverbial phrases with one of these two sentences:

1. Opening the door………a) I saw a far from simple living room environment

………b) a strange picture appeared before my eyes

Traveling second class….a) the service was wonderful b) no one expected such good service

Without being embarrassed at all….. a) her whole figure expressed confidence b) she walked past the surprised guests

Falling into the lake...... a) he felt ashamed of his clumsiness b) he blushed with shame for his clumsiness.

What is a complex sentence? What types of complex sentences do you know? Compose and write down several complex sentences of different types.

Analyze grammatical errors in sentences and edit statements:

1. The experimental results confirm our assumptions.

   Contrary to the doctor’s advice, the patient refused hospitalization.

   The head of administration distributes and manages property and finances.

   Reading works of Russian classics, I am filled with delight and a sense of pride in Russian literature.

The discussion raises the question of a student’s ability to be a group leader for medical reasons.

There were a lot of letters to the editor.

Thirty-five point five percent of students did an excellent job.

For my birthday I invite my closest friends.

When they sat down, she asked if he liked reading books.

Silence suddenly reigned, and understanding the meaning of which my mood soured.

He suddenly slipped and fell.

Present the results of the analysis in the form of a table according to the example:

№ 5 Basic functional styles of the Russian literary language

Questions and tasks:

List the main features of a literary language.

Copy definitions of concepts from a textbook on speech culture or from an encyclopedic dictionary style And functional style.

Using textbooks and encyclopedic linguistic dictionaries, as well as a textbook ed. YES. Romanova, write down the characteristics in your notebook colloquial,journalistic And official business styles according to plan:

Extralinguistic and general linguistic factors that determined the main stylistic features of the text (style-forming factors):

sphere of communication (science, art, politics, etc.)

communication task (to inform, obtain information, motivate to action, etc.)

communication situation (formal/informal)

nature of communication (mass, group, interpersonal)

form of speech (oral, written; dialogue/polylogue/monologue)

canonicity/non-canonicity of a speech situation (compliance with the conditions of community of time and place)

implementation of the rules of successful communication

predominantly realized functions of language (communicative, emotive, phatic, etc.)

Style features

Linguistic means with the help of which the main stylistic features and compositional features of texts are realized

Substyles

Speech genres

Sample assignment 3.