Ct of all years. Centralized testing: for whom and why. CT results cannot be contested on appeal
Prepared a detailed analysis of one variant of the test proposed at the centralized testing in physics in Belarus in 2007 and 2008. We are sure that this material will be of interest not only to Belarusian visitors.
Tests in the subjects of the school curriculum, including physics (there are no tests in astronomy), prepared by RIKZ() and are used for testing future applicants on subjects of entrance examinations in the Republic of Belarus. The answers to the tests are centrally checked by the RIKZ, after which a certificate indicating the amount of points received(from 0 to 100), which the applicant then submits to the selection committee of the university.
The physics test takes 180 minutes(3 astronomical hours). Permission to use calculators, which perform only the simplest calculations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, percentage calculation).
2007
To conduct centralized testing (CT) in Belarus in 2007, a 10 equivalent test options. Each option offers 30 tasks:
- 1st group of tasks (A1 - A23)- 23 problems in physics open type choose only one right.
- 2nd group of tasks (B1 - B7)- 7 problems in physics closed type: you need to solve the problem and write down the answer
Quoted from the book " Physics: collection of tests"(Rep. Institute of Knowledge Control of the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Belarus. - Minsk: Aversev, 2007. - 94 p.).
2008
In 2008, the structure of the test changed somewhat, although the total number of tasks remained the same ( 30 tasks):
- 1st group of tasks (A1 - A18)- 18 problems in physics open type: for each problem there are 5 possible answers, of which you need to choose only one right.
- 2nd group of tasks (B1 - B12)- 12 problems in physics closed type: you need to solve the problem and write down the answer into the form, having previously rounded it according to the rounding rules.
Quoted from the book " Centralized testing. Physics: collection of tests" / Rep. in-t of knowledge control of the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Belarus. - Minsk: Aversev, 2008. - 94 p.
The Unified State Examination (USE) is taken by all graduates of Russian schools. Our centralized testing was created exactly after his example. But still there are differences between them. , we will talk about the difference between the USE and the CT.
Items
Belarusian schoolchildren can choose only 4 subjects out of 11. For Russian graduates of the Unified State Examination in Russian language and mathematics, it is obligatory, and the rest of the subjects are taken at will in unlimited quantities. In addition to the basic subjects, Russians can also write Russian literature and computer science. Specifications and demos are available at .
The USE is both a school final exam and an entrance test to a university. CT is an exam only for admission to the university
Math Test Levels
The compilers of the Unified State Examination offer to take mathematics at the basic and profile levels. If an applicant is going to enter a specialty where mathematics is the main subject, he must master the profile test. All the rest pass mathematics at the basic level. This test is simple and graduates can use reference materials. There are no specialized levels in the DH.
Test Structure
Centralized testing consists of parts A (open questions) and B (closed questions). The unified state exam also consists of two parts. But the first part contains both questions of closed and open type, where you need to indicate a number or write down a short answer. And in the second part you need to give a detailed answer. An essay is being written on the Russian language and literature. In tests in mathematics, computer science, chemistry, biology, geography and physics, problem solving is signed. In the exam in history and social studies, applicants answer questions in detail. The second part of the foreign language tests is the speaking test. She surrenders at will. The response is audio and video recorded.
Test execution time
Since the structure of the exam is different, more is given. The exam in Russian, chemistry and biology takes 210 minutes. For the profile level of mathematics, as well as for literature, social science, physics, computer science, history, 235 minutes are given. Schoolchildren complete basic mathematics, the written part of a foreign language and geography for 180 minutes, and 15 minutes are allotted for the oral part of a foreign language.
And here is the Belarusian regulation for writing the TsT Answer form
Unlike single page , . The first is the registration part. The second is for the answers of the 1st part, the third and subsequent pages are sheets in the box for the answers of the 2nd part of the test.
The rules for conducting and scoring for the Unified State Examination and the Central Test are similar Venue and permitted items
The USE is held on the basis of general education schools, gymnasiums and lyceums, and not higher educational institutions, as in Belarus. The applicant takes the exam not at his school. You need to take a pen, passport, and, if necessary, a snack and medicine with you. You can bring a ruler for mathematics, a ruler and a non-programmable calculator for physics, and a ruler, a protractor and a non-programmable calculator for geography.
Until recently, Belarusian graduates who were going to enter a Russian university went to Russia to write the Unified State Examination. Coming soon, which will save time and money for many applicants. By the way, you can enter Russian universities. And, by the way, the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia plans for foreign students.
Transfer and reserve days
Eight reserve days are provided for applicants of Russian universities. Schoolchildren who could not come for a good reason and those who did not score a threshold score in Russian or mathematics on the main day have the right to pass the exam on an additional day. It is impossible to pass the CT due to a shortage of points.
But the education system of Belarus is expected to change. Minister of Education Igor Karpenko came up with the idea to combine school graduation tests with the Central Television. It is expected that it will be similar in form to the exam. Therefore, what lies ahead for Belarusian applicants is unknown. But the 2020 introductory campaign will continue as before.
If the material was useful to you, do not forget to put "I like" in our social networks
The capital of Belarus welcomes guests with streets and yards of almost sterile cleanliness, neatly trimmed lawns with flower beds and a complete absence of migrant workers. Inexplicable, from the point of view of a Muscovite, the paradox of such a combination prompts one to seek clarification from the local residents, but the questions only cause them surprise. "It's always been like this," they answer.
National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. At first, like the Russian Academy of Sciences, which seemed like a cast of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, today it is something different.
Minister of Education of the Republic of Belarus SA Maskevich at a meeting with Russian journalists.
Minsk is a safe city. Children move here unaccompanied by adults, lovers of night walks practically do not risk being the object of criminal aggression. This is also unusual, but you quickly get used to the good, and very soon the feeling that you are abroad, in another country, disappears almost completely.
The two states - Russia and Belarus - have always been extremely close and remain so to this day. Culture, language, way of thinking of citizens, their way of life and everyday habits, down to the smallest detail. As well as the problems that had to be solved after the collapse of the USSR. How successfully they were solved here can be judged at least by the fact that the average life expectancy of Belarusians exceeds the Russian one by seven years, and infant mortality is more than twice as low.
The press tour for Russian journalists, organized by the Embassy of the Republic of Belarus with the support of the National Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Education of Belarus, was devoted to one of the most important problems - the current state of education and science in the republic. After a series of domestic scandals related to the last Unified State Exams, the national disgrace of the conveyor stamping of fake dissertations, it was extremely interesting to find out what is happening today in this area in Belarus.
Similar but different
There are 56 higher educational institutions in the republic, including 9 non-state ones - academies, universities and institutes in Minsk and other large cities; one university for about 170 thousand people of the population of the republic. For comparison: in Russia - one university for 120 thousand. Since the end of the Soviet period, their number in Belarus has doubled (in the Russian Federation - three times). The ratio of the number of students to the population is approximately the same: in 9.5 million Belarus - 450 thousand, in Russia 143 million - 7.5 million. But the paths that Russian and Belarusian boys and girls have to go through in order to be ranked among the noble student class differ quite significantly.
You need to start with the fact that the Constitution of Belarus guarantees its citizens not a universal secondary, as in Russia, but a basic 9-year education, which starts at the age of six. Further, after passing the exams, the graduate can choose several ways to further gain knowledge: go to college, lyceum, gymnasium, vocational school (there are more than 400 of them in the republic), where, along with a completed secondary education, get the specialty of a skilled worker or mid-level specialist or continue their studies at school until the end of the 11th grade.
Very similar to the former Soviet school with 8 and 10 years of education. And they kept it in the republic in order to facilitate the orientation of young people to receive vocational education, the system of which not only was not destroyed, which, after realizing the scale of the loss, the Russian authorities do not cease to regret bitterly, but was diligently preserved and developed. And about a third of schoolchildren do indeed enter secondary specialized educational institutions after the 9th grade. Unless, of course, they successfully pass the entrance exams or pass an interview.
The eleven-year-old is focused on entering the university. Although those who wish can enter after it - already without exams - in the chosen college. And so do about 30% of graduates. Of course, the road to the university is not ordered and graduated from colleges. In any case, the republic maintains a stable fifty-fifty balance among those who have received secondary vocational and higher education.
USE or CT?
“I admired the courage of our Russian colleagues who went for the introduction of the Unified State Examination, realizing that there would be many costs and difficulties,” Belarusian Education Minister Sergei Aleksandrovich Maskevich said quite sincerely at a meeting with journalists.
No one argued that the former procedure for entering universities after the collapse of the USSR needed to be reformed. The Soviet education system, which for a long time was considered one of the best in the world, could not exist in the conditions of total corruption that struck Russian educational institutions and the bureaucratic structures governing education. For many years, money became the main means of obtaining high scores in certificates and entrance exams, and the result was a catastrophic drop in the level of training of specialists graduating from universities. It was assumed that the unified state exam would be a kind of lifesaver. Moreover, such an order has been working perfectly for many decades in developed (and even not so) countries of the world, without causing any complaints.
But the USE did not become a salvation for us. Moreover, in its current state, this innovation is close to complete compromise in the eyes of both the teaching staff and schoolchildren and their parents. Courage in the absence of a modicum of wisdom did not help. The reasons are many. Here is the difference in time zones, and the personal interest of officials from education and local administrations in the high results of "their" region, and the imperfection of the work of observers, and so on and so forth ...
All this is so. However, the main reason has remained the same: corruption, which has engulfed all spheres of our state, because in a diseased organism it is neither theoretically nor practically impossible to heal one single organ.
In Belarus, they introduced not the Unified State Examination, but centralized testing - TsT.
“We saw,” said S. A. Maskevich, “that if we introduce a testing system as the only form of knowledge assessment - both for graduation from school and for entering a university, then we immediately orient young people to coaching for tests, and not to mastering sciences. Therefore, we decided to separate these two stages both in time and in meaning, for which we introduced centralized testing.”
At first glance, this is the same as the exam. On closer inspection, it's something completely different.
Firstly, only those who intend to enter universities pass the DT. Because, finishing the 11th grade, all schoolchildren, as in the USSR, take exams to receive a certificate of secondary education. Secondly, DT is conducted not at the place of residence, but in the cities where universities are actually located. Thirdly, the test results are checked not by favorite school teachers, but by teachers invited from various educational institutions and selected by a method close to random. Fourthly, such a number of representatives of regulatory organizations - from the Ministry of Internal Affairs to the State Control Committee of Belarus - are watching the testing, that any attempts to circumvent the rules are stopped already at the design stage. Violators are immediately expelled - for this, for example, it is enough just to try to bring a mobile phone or any other item with you to the exam, except for documents and a gel pen. Students of the Belarusian State University - yesterday's applicants, with whom I had a chance to talk, unanimously assert that it is almost impossible to write off or correct the test results.
No exceptions, such as the “early surrender for health reasons” that have become popular this year in Russia, are allowed here. Our interlocutors - students, teachers, officials - could not recall a single incident with corruption overtones during the DT.
And finally, the fifth. Test results are evaluated in points. However, not by the number of completed tasks, but based on the general level of preparation of the test subject, taking into account the degree of complexity of each solved problem. The complexity of the task (weight coefficient) is determined statistically. It depends on the number of test participants who completed it correctly. The fewer applicants completed a specific task, the higher the coefficient of its complexity, the more points are awarded to those who successfully completed it. That is, the rating is obtained rating. To it are added points derived from the school yearly grades of the applicant and grades obtained in the final exams. The final figure becomes final. With it, the applicant "trying on" to the universities that determine the passing score in the current year. It can change daily depending on the number of applicants to enroll, as reported by the university on its website or stands of admissions committees. The applicant, whose result is higher than the declared passing one, is automatically enrolled in the first year of the budget (free) enrollment. True, those who intend to become a journalist, an artist, or choose another creative profession, are also waiting for an interview at a university.
Anyone who has not scored enough points, but is determined to graduate from the chosen university, can enter on a paid basis. However, not everyone. If the total result is below the minimum bar established by the Ministry of Education, no money will help and the student does not threaten the diploma seeker. No university will accept him. To teach the completely lazy and semi-literate is no pleasure, and there is no point. All the same, they will fly out after the first session.
I am not idealizing the situation. Corruption exists in any state, we can only talk about its level and the reaction of the authorities to the reasons for the existence of this evil. And here, on Belarusian soil, too - alas! - take bribes. They took, for example, when correspondence students performed tests. But after several criminal cases, when the problem became obvious, the tests for part-time students were simply cancelled. Now they are required to present their knowledge exclusively in person.
Difficult path to science
The Republic of Belarus has not yet become a participant in the Bologna process, although the authorities have such intentions. But the reorganization of the system of higher education was bound to take place. She happened. Now there are also two levels of education - bachelor's and master's degrees. A bachelor's degree is awarded after four years of study in the humanities and five in natural and technical specialties. They become a master in a year.
At the same time, the master's degree can be of two types: professionally oriented and academic. The first provides in-depth training of a specialist for further work in production. The second trains scientific personnel for subsequent admission to graduate school. Therefore, the academic program provides for the mandatory completion of the candidate's minimum. The trainee in the professionally oriented can do this at will.
Citizens of Belarus after graduating from the magistracy are required by law to work for a year by distribution (except for those who entered graduate school). Some people don't like it, while others don't. "Payers", for example, often ask to be included in the number of distributed. A master's degree provides an opportunity to obtain a position as a junior researcher without prior work experience, which is otherwise required.
Further, the future scientist is waiting for graduate school. Only masters with a passed candidate minimum are admitted there, and upon successful completion they are awarded the scientific qualification "researcher". The researcher receives the right to participate in competitions for the position of senior researcher. Well, then everything is as usual: the defense of a Ph.D. thesis, work in a scientific field, doctoral studies and doctoral defense.
News from Russia about scandals with fake dissertations is perceived by Belarusian scientists with polite bewilderment, which probably hides more vivid feelings. How can a dissertation be fake if the anti-plagiarism system, which is mandatory for all dissertations, has been operating in the republic for a long time; up to 10% of papers are rejected even at the level of expert councils of scientific institutions, because members of the expert council that approved plagiarism or hack work seriously risk their reputation and career. Dissertations are approved (and by no means always) by the Higher Attestation Commission, directly subordinate to the President of the Republic Alexander Lukashenko, who by his order forbade officials to seek scientific laurels long ago. As for the defense of a doctoral dissertation, this is always an event for the republic. The one who defended it, of course, is well known in scientific circles and cannot turn out to be a random person.
It is impossible to tell what the science of the Republic of Belarus is today within the framework of one article. Yes, like the Russian one, it has experienced and is experiencing considerable difficulties associated with a lack of funds for research, and with the outflow of personnel (by the way, including to Russia), and with a decrease in the prestige of the title of a scientist due to not too high salaries. All this is. But the work of scientists from a small - in comparison with Russia - country is well known to the world scientific community, scientific life in the republic did not stop even in the most difficult periods, since the authorities clearly imagined that a state without science has no future.
Within the framework of the Union State of the Russian Federation - the Republic of Belarus, cooperation between Russian and Belarusian scientists is successfully developing, joint research programs are being created and implemented in the fields of computer technology and space technology. The common educational space is expanding - more and more students from Russia study at the universities of Belarus, and vice versa. And that is why we want to believe that neither the echoes of economic upheavals nor the momentary interests of politicians will interfere with the achievement of the main goal - the rapprochement of our states and peoples.
Because this goal is noble and beautiful.
Centralized testing
Centralized Testing (CT) has been held since 1989. Participation in it for schoolchildren and educational institutions is voluntary. According to the results, certificates are issued by the Testing Center of the Ministry of Education of Russia, which can be counted: 1) in general education institutions - at the request of students and by decision of the teachers' councils as final assessment marks in all subjects, except for composition, algebra and the beginning of analysis; 2) in universities - at the request of applicants and by decision of the selection committees as assessments of entrance examinations. The certificates indicate the number of points scored on a 100-point scale.
Centralized testing is held annually in April throughout the country according to a single schedule, one subject per day. Persons who graduated from educational institutions in previous years are also allowed to test. You can receive your certificate until August 1 of the current year. Validity of the DH certificate - during the current calendar year.
In 2001, more than 1 million people from 80 subjects of the Russian Federation took part in the DT. About 80,000 people with CT certificates were enrolled in state universities in Russia. In 2002, 1.5 million were already tested.
Over half of the state universities in Russia accepted CT certificates as grades for entrance examinations.
Centralized testing takes place in two forms: for school graduates - attestation, for those entering universities - applicants. The legal status of both types of testing is the same. Materials of applicants and attestation tests differ only in the level of complexity of the tests. For those who are finishing the 9th or 11th grade this year, who are not going to enter a university, but want to get rid of the final exams at school, final testing is provided. It takes place in all major school subjects: Russian language, literature, Russian history, algebra, geometry, physics, chemistry, biology, geography, social science and computer science.
Future high school graduates who intend to storm institutions can sign up for entrance testing. It is carried out at the Testing Center of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation and in universities that have concluded an agreement with it. This test covers the same subjects as the final test. Only geometry and algebra are combined into mathematics and there is no literature test. Unlike final testing, here the level of tasks is more difficult.
There is another type of entrant testing - increased complexity. It takes place in five subjects: mathematics, biology, physics, Russian language and chemistry. It is usually taken by those wishing to enroll in elite specialties and prestigious universities.
Testing, depending on the subject, lasts from 1.5 to 3 hours. It differs from examination papers in the number and capacity of tasks. For example, in mathematics tests there are more than 20 of them. But they do not require long calculations and test the student's knowledge on a specific topic. And on the algebra exam - 6-7 tasks. And to solve one problem, it is often necessary to recall materials from various sections.
Tests can consist of questions of three types: A, B and C. Those in group A offer the choice of the only correct one from several proposed answers. In order for testing not to turn into a game of “Guess”, there are questions of group B. You need to give a short answer to them yourself, entering a word or number by hand. Entrance testing is limited to questions A and B.
The final testing in the humanities also includes questions from group C. The student is invited to write a short essay (5-6 lines) on a problematic topic, which are especially numerous in literary criticism, history and social science.
Centralized testing traditionally takes place in April. When preparing for them, you need to remember that:
The exam is limited in time. On the one hand, it is necessary to hurry up, on the other hand, to be able to read the tasks carefully and to the end. The most common mistake is to answer without understanding the essence of the question.
In some tasks, the method "on the contrary" can help. Consistently discard unrealistic options. Perhaps, as a result, one correct answer will remain by itself. And if there is not enough knowledge, rely on intuition. Sometimes it helps.
It's best to do things in order. Skip the task that turned out to be too tough for you. If there is time, you will return to it again.
And remember: there is nothing wrong with tests. Their developers assure you of this. Test participants also testify to this.
And also keep in mind that testing is a paid service. For each item (one day - one item) a certain amount is set. So, last year at the Centralized Testing Center one exam (depending on the subject) cost 80-180 rubles. It is assumed that this year the cost will rise to 100-200 rubles per item. The final prices will be determined by the coordinating council under the Ministry of Education.
On testing, knowledge is evaluated on a 100-point system. Complete the tasks - and a score is displayed, "to the nearest millimeter" corresponding to the preparation. The teacher's hand does not touch the students' work. Everything is done by the computer. And you get a certificate with the results.
Testing allows you to measure the knowledge of students in a particular subject throughout the country with one line. Who doesn't want to know how he looks compared to the rest? There is a rating for this. The certificate shows, for example, a rating of "90", which means that you overtook 90% of the students who took part in the test.
If the numbers on the certificate are not encouraging, read them in private and try to learn from them. Are the scores high enough? Then bring the document to the selection committee - and it can free you from entrance exams.
However, the conditions for accepting certificates at the institutes are different. Each university decides for itself which subjects to recognize test results, determines the scale for converting points into grades. Finally, he may not set a passing score, but accept applicants according to the rating indicated in the certificate. For example, 100 people with the highest ratings are selected from the applicants.
Test Certificate Status
From the order of the Ministry of General and Vocational Education of the Russian Federation of December 26, 1996 No. 000:
"...5. Grant the right to pedagogical councils of general educational institutions and educational institutions of primary vocational education
count, at the request of the students, the results of the state centralized testing indicated in the Center's certificates as the results of the final certification in general education subjects, except for those established by the federal central body of education as mandatory for the final certification.
6. Recommend to the selection committees of educational institutions of higher and secondary vocational education to count the results of the state centralized testing indicated in the Center's certificates as the results of entrance examinations ... "
Moscow universities participating in centralized testing
1. Academy of labor and social relations ()
2. State Institute of the Russian Language. Pushkin (,)
3. State University of Land Management
4. State University of Management ()
5. State Academy of Water Transport
6. State Academy of Fine Chemical Technology ()
7. Medical Academy. ()
8. Aviation Institute (State Technical University) ()
9. State Agroengineering University. Goryachkina ()
10. State Mining University ().
11. State Industrial University
12. State Institute of Steel and Alloys
13. State Institute of Electronic Technology
14. State Social University ()
15. State Construction University
16. State Textile University
17. State Technical University "MAMI"
1.8. State Technical University. Bauman
19. State University of Geodesy and Cartography
20. State University of Design and Technology
21. State University of Engineering Ecology
22. State Forest University ()
23. State Printing University ()
24. State University of Food Production
25. State University of Applied Biotechnology ()
26. State University of Environmental Engineering
27. State University of Railways
28. State Pedagogical University
29. State Technological University "Stankin" ()
30. State University of Oil and Gas. Gubkin (,)
31. State University of Innovative Technologies and Entrepreneurship ()
Remote form of entrant testing
DT is carried out on special forms, where students enter answers in accordance with the instructions. Along with such a blank form of CT, there is a remote form of applicant testing - centralized computer testing (CCT). Last year it was held from 21 to 30 March on the principle of "one day - one subject." There were 10 items in total. Each subject was given 90 minutes. After testing, the applicant made a decision to enter information about his results into the database for distribution among the admissions committees of universities. 57 Russian universities participated in the CTC.
Participation rules
To participate in the CT, you must purchase a pass in advance (in March), which indicates the subject, place, time of testing, rules and other information. It can be purchased at universities, municipal education authorities, schools (lyceums, gymnasiums) and other places at the discretion of the testing organizers.
Testing is a paid educational
service. Payment depends on the economic situation
region. A specific price is set
Coordinating Council for the Development of Testing in Russia.
During the spring break, some universities conduct rehearsal testing using test samples received from the Testing Center.
For five subjects of entrance testing, tests of increased complexity have been developed specifically for universities that place high demands on the knowledge of applicants.
Testing Center address:
Moscow, Leninsky Prospekt, 6, building 7.
Honesty Test, or How Does a Graduate Differ from an Applicant?: Centralized Testing // Uchitelskaya Gazeta. - 2000. - No. 8. - S. 11.
Centralized testing: what is it and for whom // Where to go to study №1. - P.39.
To the attention of applicants and their parents!: From 26
All-Russian computer testing
"Teletesting" for school graduates // First of September. -2001. -#21. - S. 1.
Centralized testing: questions and answers // Where to go to study. - No. 12. - 48-49.
State testing of 2001: Russian universities that count the results of centralized testing of the Ministry of Education of Russia (competition; daytime; evening; distance learning) // Applicant No. 2. - S. 12-28.
And instead of exams, we are waiting for tili-tili - tests: (Testing of high school students will begin on April 1) // Komsomolskaya Pravmarta. - S. 15.
Do not confuse the USE with centralized testing // Youth Courier. - 2001. - No. 13. - C.2.
Applicants have a new cross - a test!: Centralized testing // Komsomolskaya pravamart. - S. 17.
V All-Russian "Teletesting": The first summary of the main results of the All-Russian computer testing, which took place during the spring school holidays - the main spring tour of "Teletesting" // First September No. 31. - S.Z.
Schedule of centralized testing // Where to go to study#1. - P.41.
Testing Center of the Ministry of Education of Russia. Schedule of Centralized testing in 2001. Entrant. Certification // Teacher's newspaper No. 11.-p.22.
Centralized testing for future applicants // Where to go to study №42. -p.33-34.
Centralized testing: Rules for filling out forms. Tests in mathematics and social studies // Applicant No. 3. - P.32-42.
Centralized Testing in 2002: Schedule. Remote form of applicant testing. Participation rules // Applicant. - 2002. -№2. - P.6-9.
Centralized testing in 2003 in Moscow universities // Where to go to study №1. -p.40-41.
One step forward...: Centralized testing // Where to go to study №12. - p.50
