Mogilev province. Maps of Mogilev province Download old map of Mogilev province
Mogilev province existed in 1772-1919. The administrative center was the city of Mogilev. The province was created after the 1st partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1772 from the lands of the former Mstislavsky, Vitebsk and Minsk provinces of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, annexed to the Russian Empire. Included Orsha, Mogilev, Mstislav and Rogachev provinces. In 1777 the province was divided into 12 counties: Orshansky, Babinovichsky, Belitsky, Klimovichsky, Kopissky, Mogilevsky, Mstislavsky, Rogachevsky, Sennensky, Starobykhovsky, Chaussky and Cherikovsky... In 1778 it was renamed to Mogilev governorship, which in 1796 was abolished, and the counties became part of the Belarusian province with the center in Vitebsk. Old maps of the Mogilev province show the divisions into counties in different years of the 19th century.
Mogilev province was restored in 1802 as part of the former 12 counties, divided into 39 camps and 147 volosts. It bordered in the west with the Minsk province, in the east - with the Smolensk province, in the south - with the Chernigov province, in the north - with the Vitebsk province. In 1840 the Babinovichi district was abolished and annexed to the Orsha district, in 1852 the Belitsky district was renamed into Gomel district, Starobykhovsky in Bykhovsky... In 1861, the Kopysk district was abolished, and its territory was divided between the counties of Sennensky, Orsha and the newly created Goretsky, which also included a part of the Orsha district. From September 1917, the Mogilev province, a part of the Western Region, was part of the BNR, proclaimed in March 1918, from January 1919 in the BSSR, and from February in the RSFSR. On 7/11/1919 Mogilev province was abolished, 9 of its counties became part of the newly formed Gomel province, Mstislavsky district was transferred to Smolensk, and Sennensky - to Vitebsk province.
Population of Mogilev province
In 1865, tsarist decrees of 37.7 thousand small Belarusian gentry of the Mogilev province, the so-called. odnodvorov were recorded in the peasant class. The former gentry was divided into 2 groups: the eastern one, which mainly included the Orthodox gentry (19.5 thousand Orthodox and 6 thousand Catholics who settled above the Sozh), and the western, Catholic (10.5 thousand Catholics and 1.7 thousand Orthodox, who settled above the Drut 'river).
According to the 1897 census, the population of the Mogilev province was 1,686,700 thousand people. According to the estate: noblemen - 27.7 thousand, clergy - 6.4 thousand, merchants - 3.5 thousand, bourgeois - 291.8 thousand, peasants - 1351.5 thousand. According to religion: Orthodox - 1402.2 thousand, Old Believers - 23.3 thousand, Catholics - 50.1 thousand, Protestants - 6.9 thousand, Jews - 203.9 thousand, Muslims - 184 people. The literate population in the Mogilev province was 16.9%, in cities - 45%. In 1884 - 2 gymnasiums, 2 gymnasiums, an agricultural and vocational school in Gorki, a railway one in Gomel.
The province was part of the Mogilev Orthodox and Mogilev Catholic dioceses. At the end of the 19th century, there were 804 Orthodox churches, 6 male and 5 female monasteries, 30 churches, 340 synagogues and Jewish prayer houses, 2 Lutheran churches, 29 common faith churches and Old Believer prayer houses.
At the end of the 19th century, the Moscow-Brest, Libavo-Romenskaya, Oryol-Vitebsk, Gomel-Bryansk railways ran through the territory of the Mogilev province, distilleries prevailed, peasants were engaged in handicrafts.
Messages:
2019-12-26 Ekaterina Bykhov, city (Bykhov district)
Hello. I am looking for information about my great-grandfather, Lysukha Kirill. he lived with his wife Anna (Grigorievna?) in Bykhov, Mogilev region. they definitely had children Boris (possibly spelling Borislav), Lyuba and another brother for sure. I know that in 1937-38 Kirill's organs were taken to Moscow on a denunciation, and he died in prison. that's all that is known about him. Kirill's wife later lived in Grodno, where she was buried .... quoted1>>>
2019-12-25 Oksana Mstislavl, city (Mstislavsky district)
I am looking for all the information about my ancestors,
grandfather Artem Mitrofanovich Ivanov, born in 1913, a native of Rakshino or Selets of the Mstislavsky district of the Mogilev region and my grandmother Maria Ivanova (I don’t know anything else about my grandmother). Grandfather and grandmother lived in the village of Chernousy, Mogilev region, grandfather was the chairman of the collective farm and the director of the local school ... They had three children Zhanna (my mother was born in 1936), Valery (brother) and Svetlana (sister). I would be glad to receive any information. Thank you in advance. ...>>>
2019-12-23 Vadim Korotkov Ozerany, village (Rogachev district)
I, Korotkov Vadim Aleksandrovich, am looking for information about my father, Sidorenko Aleksandr Andreevich and his parents. He was born in 1934 in the village of Ozerany. In his birth certificate, his parents recorded Sidorenko Andrei Illarionovich, who was shot in the fall of 1941 (as a partisan) and Sidorenko Praskovya Maksimovna, who died before the Second World War .... quoted1>>>
2019-12-21 ALEXANDER SIDORENKO
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2019-12-20 ALEXANDER SIDORENKO Krasny Bereg, village (Bykhov district)
I am looking for information about Vasily Yakovlevich Sidorenko's father in 1926. lived in the Mogilev region, Bykovsky district, the village of red coast, his mother, Zinaida Ivanovna Sidorenko, divorced in 1973. I went to my mother. I am looking for information about him, or his children, if any, I 57 years old. he fought, had a medal for courage (request from the archive), divorced, I was 11 years old, lived in the Leningrad region, the village of Efimovsky .... quoted1>>>
2019-12-19 Yausheva Svetlana Shavkovo, village (Orsha district)
Hello. How can you see the registers of birth d Shavkovo. I am interested in my ancestors. Migrants from those places to the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Surname Shabas (Shabus, Shabasovs, Shabusovs) ....>>>
2019-12-18 Arkady Polityko Fierce, village (Senno district)
I am looking for relatives of my grandfather, Polityko Anton Lukyanovich, born in 1882, who lived in the village. Fierce in 1902 ....>>>
2019-12-18 Alexander Sidorenko Krasny Bereg, village (Bykhov district)
I am looking for information about Vasily Yakovlevich Sidorenko's father in 1926. lived in the Mogilev region, Bykovsky district, the village of red coast, his mother, Zinaida Ivanovna Sidorenko, divorced in 1973. I went to my mother. I am looking for information about him, or his children, if any, I 57 years old. he fought, had a medal for courage (request from the archive), divorced, I was 11 years old, lived in the Leningrad region, the village of Efimovsky .... quoted1>>>
2019-12-17 Irina Tulupova Vezhki, village (Goretsky district)
Vezhki village. Surnames Vishnyakov and Zyuzkov
[email protected]... > > >
2019-12-17 Julia Stepsone Solovyevo, settlement (Orsha district)
Looking for relatives Vladimir Karlovich Stepson, born in 1916. He died of his wounds in 1943 in the hospital. Before the war he lived in the village of Solovyovo, Liozno district, Vitebsk region. I would be glad to have any information ...>>>
Maps are available for free download
Maps are not available for free download, about receiving maps - write to mail or ICQ
Historical information on the province
Mogilev province is an administrative-territorial unit in the north-west of the Russian Empire.
It was formed in 1772 after the first partition of the Rzeczpospolita from a part of the Belarusian territories that belonged to Russia (the northern part became part of the Pskov province). Initially, the Mogilev province included the Mogilev, Mstislavl, Orsha and Rogachev provinces.
In 1777, the Mogilev province was divided into 12 counties. In 1778 the province was renamed into the Mogilev governorship, which was abolished in 1796, and the counties became part of the Belarusian province. In 1802, Mogilev province was restored as part of the former 12 counties.
From September 1917, the province was assigned to the Western Region, in 1918 to the Western Commune, from January 1919 - to the BSSR, and from February - to the RSFSR. On July 11, 1919, the Mogilev province was abolished, 9 of its counties became part of the Gomel province, the Mstislavsky district was transferred to the Smolensk province, and the Sennensky district was transferred to the Vitebsk province.
In 1938, with the center in Mogilev, the Mogilev region was formed.
Initially, the Mogilev province included 12 counties: Babinovichsky (abolished in 1840), Belitsky county (renamed Gomel in 1852), Klimovichsky, Kopysky county (renamed Goretsky in 1861), Mogilevsky, Mstislavsky, Orshansky, Rogachezdovsky (renamed into Bykhovsky in 1852), Chaussky, Cherikovsky.
At the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries, the province included 11 counties:
№ Uyezd Uyezd town Area, versts² Population (1897), people.
1 Bykhovsky Bykhov (6 381 people) 4 105.8 124 820
2 Gomel Gomel (36 775 people) 4 719.4 224 723
3 Gorki Gorki (6,735 people) 2,487.0 122,559
4 Klimovichi Klimovichi (4 714 people) 3 711.4 143 287
5 Mogilevsky Mogilev (43 119 people) 3 009.9 155 740
6 Mstislavsky Mstislavl (8 514 people) 2 220.4 103 300
7 Orshansky Orsha (13,061 people) 4,813.9 187,068
8 Rogachevsky Rogachev (9,038 people) 6 546.1 224 652
9 Senno Senno (4 100 people) 4 268.8 161 652
10 Chausky Chausy (4 960 people) 2 168.0 88 686
11 Cherikovsky Cherikov (5,249 people) 4,083.9 150 277
* All materials presented for downloading on the site are obtained from the Internet, so the author is not responsible for errors or inaccuracies that may be found in the published materials. If you are the copyright holder of any of the submitted material and do not want the link to it to be in our catalog, please contact us and we will immediately remove it.
It was the exact establishment of the boundaries of land holdings of both individuals and peasant communities, cities, churches and other possible land owners.
Sample of Babinovichi district
Vitebsk province
Vitebsk district 2 versts
1.2 versts
2 versts
1 verst
2 versts
2 versts
Nevelsky district 2 versts
Polotsk district 2 versts
2 versts
Sebezhsky district 2 versts
2 versts
Minsk province
2 versts
2 versts
2 versts
2 versts
2 versts
2 versts
2 versts
2 versts
2 versts
2 versts
Mogilev province
Belitsky uyezd 2 versts
2 versts
Klimovichi district 2 versts
Kopysk district 2 versts
Mogilev district 2 versts
Mstislavsky district 2 versts
Orsha district 2 versts
Rogachev district 2 versts
Senno district 2 versts
Starobykhovsky district 2 versts
Chausky district 2 versts
Cherikovsky district 2 versts
3 verst maps of Belarus.
F.F. the scale is three versts, which translated into the modern system of calculus will be 1: 126000, that is, 1 cm - 1.260 km. These old cards date back to the second half of the 19th century, maps have been printed since 1860. and until the beginning of 1900.
All maps with good detail of objects, showing churches, mills, cemeteries, relief, type of terrain and other objects.
Sample of 3 layout
Maps can be downloaded.
Special Map of European Russia.
is a huge cartographic publication, designed for 152 sheets and covering slightly more than half of Europe. Mapping took 6 years, from 1865 to 1871. Scale of maps: in 1 inch - 10 versts, 1: 420,000, which in the metric system is about 1 cm - 4.2 km.
Maps can be downloaded.
Maps of the Red Army.
(Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army) were compiled and published both in the USSR in the period from 1925 to 1941, and in Germany, in preparation for the war, in the period 1935-41. On maps printed in Germany, the name in German is often printed next to the Russian name of a village, river, etc.
250 meters.
Poland (Polsha) 1:25 000
500 meters.
kilometers.
Maps can be downloaded.
Polish WIG cards.
The maps were published in pre-war Poland - Military Institute of Geography (Wojskowy Instytut Geograficzny), the scale of these maps is 1: 100000 and 1: 25000, or, if simpler, then 1 cm - 1 km and 1 cm -250 m, the quality of the maps is very good - 600 dpi, respectively, and the size of the maps is also not small, in fact, more than 10 megabyte.
Intelligent, detailed and search engine friendly maps. All the smallest details are visible: farms, dungeons, farms, manors, taverns, chapels, mills, etc.
Kilometers.
sample WIG card.
250 meters
One verst map of Belarus.
A one verst map of the western border area in 1-verst-inch scale (1: 42000) was published from the 1880s until World War I, and was reprinted until the late 1930s.
Maps in scale 1: 42000.
Military topographic 2 verst map of the Western Border Space.
Maps on a scale of 1: 84000 (double imposition). Two-page maps of the western border area began to be printed in 1883. Also, the maps were the base topographic maps during the First World War in the Russian army.
Old maps of Mogilev province
Mogilev province, one of the six provinces of the Northwestern Territory of the Russian Empire, was formed in 1772 as a result of the 1st partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the inclusion of part of its Belarusian lands into the Russian Empire (the northern part of these lands was included in the Pskov province) ... Under the conditions of the existence of the institute of provinces, during the first few years, the Mogilev province was divided into 4 provinces - Mogilev, Mstislavl, Orsha and Rogachev. After the abolition of the administrative-territorial division of the provinces of the Russian Empire into provinces (1775), in 1777 the Mogilev province was divided into 12 counties. As a result of the administrative reform of Catherine II in 1778, the Mogilev province was transformed into the governorship of the same name. During the territorial transformations of Paul the First in 1796, the Mogilev governorship was transformed into the Belarusian province from 16 counties.
In Mogilev province in whole or in part
There are the following maps and sources: Five versts of the Mogilev province Five versts of the Mogilev province 1910
Topographic map showing longitudes and latitudes on a scale of 1cm = 2000m. This card was broken into pieces (rectangular sheets) and has a composite sheet. Color maps, very detailed, from the Austro-Hungarian Atlas of 1910. (therefore, all names of settlements are indicated in Latin letters).
Mogilev province bordered on the following provinces: Vitebsk province, Smolensk province, Chernigov province, as well as Minsk province.
Under Alexander the Great, in 1802, the Belarusian province was renamed again into Mogilev, and the county "grid" of the new province was cut down to the previous 12 counties - Babinovichsky (abolished in 1840)
1840 Babinovichi district is abolished. Its territory is part of the Orsha district of the Mogilev province.
Map of the administrative division of the Orsha district of the Mogilev province in the parish, early XX century
Belitsky (renamed Gomel in 1852), Klimovichsky, Kopyssky (renamed Goretsky in 1861), Mogilevsky, Mstislavsky, Orshansky, Rogachevsky, Sennensky, Starobykhovsky (renamed Bykhovsky in 1852), Chaussky, Cherikovsky. Thus, in the entire subsequent pre-revolutionary period of the existence of the Mogilev province, it consisted of 11 counties, of which the largest was Ragachevsky, and the smallest was Chaussky. The administrative center of the province was the medieval city of Mogilev, the first mention of which in the annals dates back to 1267.
1917 The Western region is formed
1918 (October 13). The Western Region was transformed into the Western Commune.
1918 (December 31). The Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic was proclaimed in Smolensk. It includes the territories of Minsk, Grodno, Mogilev, Vitebsk and Smolensk provinces.
1919 (May 25). The Mogilev province was abolished. Its territory, including the Orshansky, Goretsky, Mstislavl and Klimovichsky districts bordering on the Smolensk region, was transferred to the newly formed Gomel province.
1919 (June 30). The Mikulinskaya, Rudnyanskaya, Lyubavichskaya and Khlystovskaya volosts of the Orsha district, part of the Goretsk district and almost completely the Mstislavl district of the Gomel province are annexed to the Smolensk province.
All these redistributions have created an incredible commotion in the names - suffice it to mention that in the complete collected works of Lenin for 1919 there is such a name: " Rudnyansky executive committee of Mikulinsky volost of Orsha district of Mogilev province»
1924 (March 3). From the Smolensk province to the BSSR, the Goretsky district was transferred completely, the Shamovskaya, Staroselskaya, Kazimirovo-Slobodskaya, parts of the Bokhotsk, Oslyansk and Soinsky volosts of the Mstislavl district with the city of Mstislavl. The volosts of the Mstislavl district that remained in the Smolensk region entered the Smolensk district, and parts of the Oslyanskaya and Soinsky - into the Roslavl district.
1929 (October 1). The Western Region was formed with the center in the city of Smolensk. It included the territories of the Smolensk, Bryansk, parts of the Kaluga, Tver and Moscow provinces, the Velikoluga district of the Leningrad region.
The western region is divided into eight districts with 125 districts. The districts are divided into village councils. The old administrative-territorial system: the province - the county - the parish - has ceased to exist since that time.
Lyubavichskaya volost, having received the status of a village council, entered the Rudnyansky district, formed on the territory of the former Orsha and Smolensk counties.
1937 (September 27) The Smolensk Region was created on the territory of the Western Region.
Borders of the Rudnyansky district and the Smolensk region for 1957:
The modern configuration of the Rudnyansky district, which divided Ponizovye with the Demidov district:
Mogilev province was founded on May 28, 1773 from part of the Belarusian lands that passed to Russia under the first partition of Poland (P.S.Z. 13.807 and 13.808). On January 10, 1778, it was transformed into a vicegerency (P.S.Z. 14.691); On June 17 of the same year, offices were opened (P.S.Z. 14.774). On December 12, 1796, the governorship was united with the Polotsk province under the name of the Belarusian province, and Vitebsk was appointed the provincial city (P.S.Z. 17.634). By the decree of February 27, 1802, the Belarusian province was divided into two independent provinces - Mogilev and Belarusian-Vitebsk (PSZ 20.162). In the same year, the provincial government was established. In 1802-1856. as part of the Vitebsk Governor-General. At the beginning of the twentieth century, it consisted of 11 counties and 144 volosts, in the province there were 13 cities and 8392 other settlements.
The governor
Kakhovsky Mikhail Vasilievich, general-m. 1773 - 1778
Governors of the Viceroyalty
Kakhovsky Mikhail Vasilievich, general-m. 1778 - 1779
Passek Petr Bogdanovich, general-since. 1779 - 1781
Engelhardt Nikolay Bogdanovich, senior citizen (d.s.s.) 1781 - 1790
Vyazmitinov Sergey Kuzmich, general-m. 1791 - 1794
Cheremisinov Gerasim Ivanovich, Ph.D. 1794 - 1796
Dec 1796 - Feb. 1802 - as part of the Belarusian province
Governors
Bakunin Mikhail Mikhailovich, t.s. 1802 - 1809
Berg Petr Ivanovich, Ph.D. 1809 - 1811
Tolstoy gr. Dmitry Alexandrovich, Ph.D. 1812 - 1820
Meller-Zakomelsky Fedor Ivanovich, s.s. 1820 - 1822
Velsovsky Ivan Danilovich, senior citizen 1822 - 1824
Maksimov Ivan Fedorovich, senior citizen 1824 - May 21, 1828
Muravyov Mikhail Nikolaevich, senior citizen 15 Sep 1828 - 24 Aug. 1831
Bazhanov Georgy Ilyich, senior citizen (d.s.s.) 24 Aug. 1831 - June 2, 1837
Markov Ivan Vasilievich, Ph.D. June 2, 1837 - January 26. 1839
Engelhardt Sergei Pavlovich, senior citizen Jan 26. 1839 - 2 Mar. 1844
Gamaleya Mikhail Mikhailovich, senior citizen (d.s.s.) 10 Apr. 1845 - 11 Sept. 1854
Skalon Nikolay Alexandrovich, senior citizen (d.s.s.) 11 Sept. 1854 - 2 nov. 1857
Beklemishev Alexander Petrovich, senior citizen, ID (approved from production in d.s.s. on December 31, 1856) 22 nov. 1857 - May 17, 1868
Shelgunov Pavel Nikanorovich, general-m. May 19, 1868 - Oct 12. 1870
Dunin-Barkovsky Vasily Dmitrievich, Ph.D. 16 oct. 1870 - 30 Mar 1872
Dembovetskoy Alexander Stanislavovich, in sound chamberlain, d.s.s. (ts) 30 Mar 1872 - 30 Aug. 1893
Martynov Dmitry Nikolaevich, Ph.D. 30 Aug 1893 - Dec 23. 1893
Zinoviev Nikolay Alekseevich, t.s. Dec 23. 1893 - 8 Feb. 1901
Semakin Mikhail Konstantinovich, general-m. 18 Feb 1901 - May 17, 1902
Klingenberg Nikolay Mikhailovich, Ph.D. July 1, 1902
Counties of Mogilev province
Mogilev district
Bykhov district
Gomel district
Gorky district
Klimovichi district
Mstislavsky district
Orsha district
Rogachev district
Senno County
Chausky county
Cherikovsky district
In 1777, the Mogilev province was divided into 12 counties. In 1778 the province was renamed into the Mogilev governorship, which was abolished in 1796, and the counties became part of the Belarusian province. In 1802, Mogilev province was restored as part of the former 12 counties.
From September 1917, the province was assigned to the Western Region, in 1918 to the Western Commune, from January 1919 - to the BSSR, and from February - to the RSFSR. On July 11, 1919, the Mogilev province was abolished, 9 of its counties became part of the Gomel province, the Mstislavsky district was transferred to the Smolensk province, and the Sennensky district was transferred to the Vitebsk province.
In 1938, with the center in Mogilev, the Mogilev region was formed.
Initially, the Mogilev province included 12 districts: Babinovichsky (be) (abolished in 1840), Belitsky district (renamed Gomel in 1852), Klimovichsky, Kopysky county (renamed Goretsky in 1861), Mogilevsky, Mstislavsky, Orshansky, Sennensky , Starobykhovsky district (renamed into Bykhovsky in 1852), Chaussky, Cherikovsky.
At the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries, the province included 11 counties.
With the introduction of the zemstvo institutions in 1864, the province was left unema. In 1903, the "Regulation on the management of the zemstvo economy in the provinces of Vitebsk, Volyn, Kiev, Minsk, Mogilev, Podolsk" was adopted, according to which a modified order of zemstvo administration was introduced in the province, with the appointment of all members of zemstvo councils and zemstvo vowels from the government. This procedure was considered unsuccessful, after which, from 1910, a bill was developed to introduce elective zemstvo institutions in these provinces, but also with exceptions from the general procedure aimed at removing Polish landowners from participation in zemstvos. The adoption of this law in 1911 was accompanied by an acute political crisis (see the Law on Zemstvo in the Western Provinces). An elective zemstvo in these six provinces has operated since 1912.
Occupation boom for the province, 1918.
[IMG]
SMUGGLER CITY
Border life
No sooner had the new border clearly and firmly divided the old, primordially Russian lands, than in the fresh border strip that replaced the melted front, a stormy border life with all its typical manifestations began to boil.
- Smuggling, "agents", "processing" of border guards and speculation, speculation, speculation without measure and end.
The border town of Orsha.
Until recently it was a quiet, dirty backwater town, no different from other county "cities" of the Mogilev province. Most of its inhabitants, it seems, were only engaged in borrowing from each other "for a holiday" or conducting petty, most primitive trade with the countryside.
And now?
Now Orsha "supplies" Minsk, Vilna, Warsaw and almost Vienna and Berlin and back - Smolensk, Moscow and Petrograd with products of the chemical industry, saccharin with fabrics, soap, knitted goods.
Orsha “sets the tone”. Orsha dictates prices.
And even if there is still no trace of Russian-German or Russian-Austrian treaties, but the local trade "fraternization" has already begun and is successfully developing widely:
- Smuggling.
Everybody here is engaged in smuggling, from the German and our "border guards" and ending with visiting men, who also often come across "keels" of "sweet" (saccharin), "bitter" (caffeine), "colored" (aniline dyes) and "hard "(Flints for lighters).
Orsha "exchange"
Transporting goods across the border in one direction or the other, as well as further transporting them on constantly audited trains, is fraught with great risk and merchants arriving in Orsha, both from Russia and from the occupied regions, prefer to resell goods to clever "daredevils who cross" the border. "Or desperate speculators heading to Moscow.
Thus, an impromptu "exchange" is being created in Orsha, which dictates prices to world markets no worse than the London and New York stock exchanges.
For example, ladies' stockings, which are quoted in Moscow for 180-200 rubles a dozen, get here: and the Orsha "stock exchange" sets the price for them 300-350 rubles, and with a further "legal" increase they are sold already in Minsk for 500 or more rubles per a dozen.
But a particularly wild orgy took place at one time on the Orsha "stock exchange" with German saccharin (Susstoff) and Austrian flints for lighters. The prices for these goods have risen so much in comparison with those existing in Minsk that almost all Minsk residents, people of the most diverse professions and social positions, have taken up the profitable transport of saccharin and flints to Orsha.
And a uniform stock exchange craze began!
It is easy to imagine what was going on in Moscow with these goods at that time:
- 5000-6000 rubles. per kilo.
But then something happened that should have inevitably happened by virtue of iron economic laws. Exhaustion of the Minsk market and saturation of the Moscow one.
Prices rise in Minsk and fall in Moscow.
And the reverse movement began. Again the Orsha "stock exchange" was busy.
The same is with Ukrainian and Polish sugar. His price in Minsk is 5 rubles. per pound, and it is understandable why in Moscow it reaches 25-30 rubles. per pound.
"Agents"
Before you have time to get out of the carriage, which is tightly packed with people and heaped from top to bottom with knots, bags, baskets and boxes, a nimble guy "meets" you, necessarily your compatriot, depending on your nationality:
Pole, Latvian, Jew, Armenian ...
- Are you "leftist"? - the unexpected question, in an undertone, overwhelms you.
You, of course, assume that this refers to your political convictions and shrug your hands in bewilderment:
- What does belief have to do with it? ..
But the next thing is pronounced almost in a whisper: "You are without a pass? .. Do not worry, I will arrange everything." He immediately explains everything to you.
Since currently getting a pass to the occupied places presents insurmountable difficulties and is associated with endless red tape, it is quite understandable that in most cases you answer in the affirmative and dutifully follow your unexpected "benefactor", who, having left the station with you, here but with some special, as if learned, obviously professional, tongue twister, he expounds to you his "price list" orally:
- Without things 200, with things 300, with goods 100 poods, with money 10 rubles.
Before you:
- "Agent"
"Tse-Ka" smuggling
If you agree, the "agent" will escort you through some dirty streets, and you will find yourself in the vast gates of some old building, obviously a former Jesuit monastery, and through a vast, but overgrown with grass courtyard and some kind of gate in a stone overgrown dark - green moss wall - to another courtyard, where in one of the buildings a brisk zucchini is placed, where you can get various "foreign" snacks and even cognac.
Here you meet the most variegated public: refugees, speculators, "agents", and border guards, both ours and the Germans. Various transactions are made here. Here the schedule of the guards of our and German cordons is known. Here you are introduced to the "guides" and "your" sentries. Here carts are hired and capital is "secured". In one word here:
- "Tse-Ka" contraband.
Border crossing
Having visited this or another such "Tse-Ka" and "providing" money, if you have any, that is, having insured them with one of the "respected in the city" persons, as well as having secured the necessary "personal acquaintance", you will be calm and quite safely cross the border, sometimes even seem to be quite legal, and your documents are checked, things are looked through and everything turns out:
"OK".
And then you are transferred to "your" sentry behind the cordon, who provides you with peace of mind already in the occupied territory.
("V. M.")
