Postcards - "Soviet cosmonauts. Postcards - "the cosmonauts of the ussr. Old postcards for the day of cosmonautics

Cosmonautics Day was established in our country only in 1962, a year after Yuri Gagarin's space flight. But the first postcards devoted to the theme of space were issued already in the late 50s, after the launch of the first satellites. What they were and how they differed from the American ones - the website is about this in a photo report

The postcards dedicated to the first satellites of the Earth look rather modest. And their circulation cannot be called mass - from 200 to 500 thousand copies. Therefore, today, as the site philokartist, director of the Chelyabinsk Museum of Art Stanislav Tkachenko told reporters, they can be called rare.

“It can be assumed that the reason for such restraint was not only the secrecy of space research, but also some doubts about the success,” says Stanislav Tkachenko. - Therefore, today such cards are a rarity, few people have them. And one more detail - all these cards are not signed. People bought them in order to preserve them as a fact of the accomplished spacewalk.

On the back of most of them there are laconic texts telling about the events. For example, this: "On September 14, 1959, the second space rocket delivered to the moon a pennant with the emblem of the USSR." The circulation of this postcard is 550 thousand copies. But gradually the space theme penetrates into all segments of the printed production - posters, postcards, stamps, badges. This topic is incredibly popular in the newspapers.

Following the postcards with the first satellites, postcards for children with a space theme appeared. Today they are also a rarity. A postcard with fairy-tale characters who lagged behind their companions was published in 1961. The cartoonist Semyonov gave her the title "Can you keep up with them?"

The 1962 postcard "Two sides of the same moon" is associated with the 1959 flight of our spacecraft, which was the first to land on the moon. There is also a text here: "The Soviet automatic interplanetary station, launched on October 4, 1959, photographed the far side of the moon and transmitted the image to Earth." We see the other side of the Moon with the names of the craters.

Dogs Belka and Strelka, who returned to Earth after a successful flight on the second satellite spacecraft on August 19, 1960, also became postcard characters. However, the circulation of this postcard is very small - 200 thousand copies. The famous Soviet poster artist Viktorov portrayed the heroic dogs.

The second postcard has a very funny story. It is dedicated to the work of the Toy Research Institute, where they worked on the topic of Belka and Strelka. Its circulation is only 50 thousand copies. The toy was named "Passengers of the Soviet spacecraft Belka and Strelka." The postcard is even accompanied by text in English, probably the work was intended for some international exhibition. It is surprising that next to the dogs a mouse is peeping out of the window.

And there is also a postcard "Murzilka on a satellite" with the following text: "Scientists claim that there was no one on the satellite, but I am so small that they simply did not notice me." The artist singled out three architectural objects on the ground: the Kremlin, the Eiffel Tower and the Statue of Liberty. The Kremlin gets caught in the beams of a searchlight - a clear hint of who is ahead of the rest of the planet in space.

The gallery of portraits of Soviet cosmonauts on postcards begins with Yuri Gagarin. But this set of black and white photographic postcards dedicated to the first astronaut of the Earth was released by the publishing house "Planet" in 1969. There is a photograph of an astronaut in the foundry of the Lyubertsy Ukhtomsky Agricultural Machinery Plant. Why Foundry? The answer to this question can be found in.

Portraits of cosmonauts were already published in millions of copies, the success was obvious - we were the first in space, and the state began to create a cosmic mythologeme. But these were true heroes that every generation needs.

The collector drew our attention to the portrait of cosmonaut Nikolaev:

- Look, two absolutely identical postcards, with the same circulation and even the order number. But the signature on them is different - the title "Hero of the Soviet Union" appears on the second postcard. There is no official document to this effect. But my personal version is that the flights were so dangerous that the result could be different. Therefore, all postcards with portraits were prepared in duplicate. If the flight was successful, then a postcard with a portrait of the Hero of the Soviet Union was published, if not, then a version was released without this high rank.

If the portraits of the cosmonauts who made the flight again continued to be issued, then the postcards with the Day of Cosmonautics gradually disappeared. The topic of space, as a separate one, has gone, migrated to the heading of postcards with political holidays - November 7, May 1, March 8.

Attention was focused on the space theme and in the postcards "Happy Holidays!", Which came out in the largest editions. In the 70s and 80s, space was directly linked to the victory of socialism in the USSR.

We have one month left before the popularly beloved holiday - New Year, and I decided to update a series of posts about New Year's cards on the topic of space, with which this blog began 3.5 years ago. Moreover, postcards were added during this time :-) Who cares - the original of the first part. And below is the updated version.

On April 12, 1961, Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin made the first flight into space in the history of mankind, flying around the Earth in the Vostok-1 spacecraft. But the starting point in the history of space in the USSR (and the whole world) is considered the date of October 4, 1957, when the Sputnik launch vehicle was launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome, which launched the world's first artificial Earth satellite into near-earth orbit.

And almost immediately, this theme was reflected in postcards printed in the Soviet Union. My collection of postcards is small, it deals only with the theme of the New Year (issued separately or for other holidays - no), but it is enough to see the trends in depicting the achievements of the USSR in the field of astronautics.

So, a short list of events that took place in the late 50s - during the 60s:

• October 4, 1957- the first artificial Earth satellite Sputnik-1 was launched.


• November 3, 1957- the second artificial Earth satellite "Sputnik-2" was launched, which for the first time launched a living creature into space - the dog Laika.


• May 15, 1958- from the Baikonur cosmodrome, a lightweight modification of the R-7 intercontinental ballistic missile called "Sputnik-3", the world's first satellite for scientific research, was launched.


• January 4, 1959- the station "Luna-1" passed at a distance of 6000 kilometers from the surface of the Moon and entered a heliocentric orbit. She became the world's first artificial satellite of the Sun.


• September 14, 1959- The station "Luna-2" for the first time in the world reached the surface of the Moon in the Sea of ​​Clarity region, delivering a pennant with the coat of arms of the USSR.


• October 4, 1959- Launched AMS "Luna-3", which for the first time in the world photographed the side of the Moon invisible from the Earth.


• August 19, 1960- the first ever orbital flight of living beings into space was completed with a successful return to Earth. The dogs Belka and Strelka made an orbital flight on the Sputnik-5 spacecraft.


• April 12, 1961- The first manned flight into space (Yu. Gagarin) was made on the Vostok-1 spacecraft.


• August 12, 1962- the world's first group space flight was completed on the Vostok-3 and Vostok-4 spacecraft. The maximum approach of the ships was about 6.5 km.


• June 16, 1963- the world's first space flight of a woman-cosmonaut (Valentina Tereshkova) was made on the Vostok-6 spacecraft.


• October 12, 1964- The world's first multi-seat spacecraft "Voskhod-1" flew.


• March 18, 1965- the first manned spacewalk in history was made. Cosmonaut Alexei Leonov made a spacewalk from the Voskhod-2 spacecraft.


• February 3, 1966- AMS "Luna-9" made the world's first soft landing on the lunar surface, panoramic images of the lunar were transmitted.


• March 1, 1966- The Venera-3 station reached the surface of Venus for the first time, delivering a pennant to the USSR. This was the world's first flight of a spacecraft from Earth to another planet.


• April 3, 1966- Station "Luna-10" became the first artificial satellite of the Moon.


• October 30, 1967- the first docking of two unmanned space vehicles "Kosmos-186" and "Kosmos-188" (CCCP) was made.


• September 15, 1968- the first return of the spacecraft ("Zond-5") to the Earth after the flight around the Moon. There were living creatures on board: turtles, fruit flies, worms, plants, seeds, bacteria.


• January 16, 1969- the first docking of two manned spacecraft "Soyuz-4" and "Soyuz-5" was performed.

The oldest postcard I have in my collection dates back to 1957 - the year of the beginning of the space age! The boy "saddled" a companion on it :-)

On another postcard from 1957, Santa Claus sees off the first satellite and its launch vehicle on a good journey:

The postcard from 1958 shows the first three satellites of the USSR at once - "Sputnik-1", "Sputnik-2" and "Sputnik-3", respectively - and, schematically, their launch vehicle. The whole country is celebrating!

Interesting photo postcard from 1959. Astronaut boy, standing on Sputnik-3:

On a 1961 postcard by the Ukrainian artist Yuriy Kozyurenko, children with a snowman greet Santa Claus with gifts, while Belka and Strelka flew in Sputnik-5 to congratulate other children.

The next postcard (1962) depicts Santa Claus, apparently telling the boy about the delights of the cosmonaut profession and pointing to the rocket:

The block with the 1963 stamp depicts a new star in space - the Red Star (on the stamp itself) and a rocket leaving the Kremlin with the top officials of the state :-) (in the form of a seal):

1963 year. The famous Soviet artist and animator Vladimir Ivanovich Zarubin (his works are valued by collectors and collecting Zarubin's postcards is an independent topic in the philocardy) depicted a boy-cosmonaut bringing the New Year to the forest, lighting Christmas trees:

The 1964 postcard is interesting. Such a one-and-a-half postcard, the top of which opens, tells us about Santa Claus, who brought a Christmas tree and a bunch of gifts, including a couple of rockets, and about the Astronaut Boy jumping out of the bag :-)

Another postcard from 1964. Here, the everlasting Santa Claus and the Snow Maiden, as well as the new hero of New Year's cards on space, the Cosmonaut Boy invite (or do they come to visit?):

Who is faster in 1964: rockets or Santa Claus, hurrying to deliver a matryoshka and a Christmas tree in a Dymkovo troika for the holiday?

In 1965, the first ever manned spacewalk took place, and on the next postcard in 1966, three boys are already dancing around a Christmas tree in outer space:

Another postcard, and again a triple:

On August 24, 1966, the Molniya carrier rocket was launched, which put the Luna-11 AMS on a flight path to the Moon, and on August 27, 1966, the Luna-11 station was launched into orbit around the Moon. And on this year's postcard, Santa Claus observes the flight of the Luna-11 station through a telescope and listens to space radio (well, and, of course, wishes everyone a Happy New Year!)

And now our astronaut
Drinks with Luna for brotherhood.

,

commander of the spaceship "Vostok-2"

03. NIKOLAEV Andriyan Grigorievich (September 5, 1929 - July 3, 2004) - Wikipedia,

commander of the Vostok-3 and Soyuz-9 spaceships

04. POPOVICH Pavel Romanovich (October 5, 1930 - September 30, 2009) - Wikipedia,
Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR, twice Hero of the Soviet Union,
commander of the Vostok-4 and Soyuz-14 spaceships

05.BYKOVSKY Valery Fedorovich (born August 2, 1934) - Wikipedia,
Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR, twice Hero of the Soviet Union,
commander of the Vostok-5 and Soyuz-22 spaceships

06. NIKOLAEVA-TERESHKOVA Valentina Vladimirovna (born March 6, 1937) - Wikipedia,
Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR, Hero of the Soviet Union,
the world's first female cosmonaut, commander of the Vostok-6 spacecraft

07.KOMAROV Vladimir Mikhailovich (March 16, 1927 - April 24, 1967) - Wikipedia,
Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR, twice Hero of the Soviet Union,
commander of the Voskhod and Soyuz-1 spaceships

08. FEOKTISTOV Konstantin Petrovich (February 7, 1926 - November 21, 2009) - Wikipedia,
Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR, Hero of the Soviet Union,
Researcher, crew member of the Voskhod spacecraft

09. Boris Borisovich Egorov (November 26, 1937 - September 12, 1994) - Wikipedia,
Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR, Hero of the Soviet Union,
doctor, crew member of the Voskhod spacecraft

10.BELYAEV Pavel Ivanovich (June 26, 1925 - January 10, 1970) - Wikipedia,
Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR, Hero of the Soviet Union,
commander of the spaceship "Voskhod-2"

11. LEONOV Alexey Arkhipovich (born May 30, 1934) - Wikipedia,
Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR, twice Hero of the Soviet Union,
the first person to walk into open space, the co-pilot of the Voskhod-2 spacecraft and the commander of the Soyuz-19 spacecraft

12. BEREGOVOY Georgy Timofeevich (April 15, 1921 - June 30, 1995) - Wikipedia,
Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR, twice Hero of the Soviet Union,
the only one who was awarded the first Hero's star for the Great Patriotic War, and the second - for a flight into space, the commander of the Soyuz-3 spacecraft

13. SHATALOV Vladimir Alexandrovich (born December 8, 1927) - Wikipedia,
Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR, twice Hero of the Soviet Union,
commander of the spaceships "Soyuz-4", "Soyuz-8" and "Soyuz-10"

14.VOLYNOV Boris Valentinovich (born December 18, 1934) - Wikipedia,
Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR, twice Hero of the Soviet Union,
commander of the Soyuz-5 and Soyuz-21 spaceships

15. ELISEEV Alexey Stanislavovich (born July 13, 1934) - Wikipedia,
Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR, twice Hero of the Soviet Union,
flight engineer of the spacecraft Soyuz-4, Soyuz-5, Soyuz-8 and Soyuz-10

16.Khrunov Evgeny Vasilievich (September 10, 1933 - May 19, 2000) - Wikipedia,
Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR, Hero of the Soviet Union,
research engineer, crew member of the Soyuz-4 and Soyuz-5 spaceships

17. SHONIN Georgy Stepanovich (August 3, 1935 - April 6, 1997) - Wikipedia,
Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR, Hero of the Soviet Union,
Soyuz-6 spacecraft commander

18.KUBASOV Valery Nikolaevich (January 7, 1935 - February 19, 2014) - Wikipedia,
Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR, twice Hero of the Soviet Union,
flight engineer of the Soyuz-6 and Soyuz-19 spaceships and the commander of the Soyuz-36 spacecraft

19. FILIPCHENKO Anatoly Vasilievich (born February 26, 1928) - Wikipedia,
Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR, twice Hero of the Soviet Union,
commander of the Soyuz-7 and Soyuz-16 spaceships

20.VOLKOV Vladislav Nikolaevich (November 23, 1935 - June 30, 1971) - Wikipedia,
Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR, twice Hero of the Soviet Union,
flight engineer of the Soyuz-7 and Soyuz-11 spaceships

21. GORBATKO Victor Vasilievich (born December 3, 1934) - Wikipedia,
Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR, twice Hero of the Soviet Union,
research engineer on the Soyuz-7 spacecraft, commander of the Soyuz-24 (Salyut-5) and Soyuz-37 (Salyut-6) spaceships

22. SEVASTYANOV Vitaly Ivanovich (July 8, 1935 - April 5, 2010) - Wikipedia,
Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR, twice Hero of the Soviet Union,
flight engineer of the spacecraft Soyuz-9 and Soyuz-18

23. RUKAVISHNIKOV Nikolay Nikolaevich (September 18, 1932 - October 19, 2002) - Wikipedia,
Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR, twice Hero of the Soviet Union,
test engineer on the Soyuz-10 spacecraft, flight engineer of the Soyuz-16 spacecraft and the commander of the Soyuz-33 spacecraft

24.DOBROVOLSKY Georgy Timofeevich (June 1, 1928 - June 30, 1971) - Wikipedia,
Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR, Hero of the Soviet Union,
Soyuz-11 spacecraft commander

25.PATSAEV Victor Ivanovich (June 19, 1933 - June 30, 1971) - Wikipedia,
Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR, Hero of the Soviet Union,
test engineer on board the Soyuz-11 spacecraft