What was the name of the council of heads of clans in Athens. What was the name of the council of the nobility in Athens. Where were the olympic games held
a) city-state in ancient Greece
b) a city in ancient Greece
c) the name of the city government
2. What was the name of the Council of Nobles in Athens?
A) areopagus
3. What was the name of the common people in Greek?
4. Nine rulers of Athens, annually elected by lot:
a) strategists
b) archons
c) People's Assembly
5. Who in the Athenian state paid the tax for the right to live in this policy?
B) citizens of Athens
B) migrant merchants
6. Hill in Athens, where the main temples of the city were located:
a) Acropolis
c) Academy
7. What seas is the territory of Greece washed by?
A) Ionian and Aegean
B) Red and Yellow seas
B) the Baltic and North Seas
8. Trieres are:
a) money in Greece
b) warships with three rows of oars
c) advice to know
9. A strategist is called:
a) battle line
b) military leader
c) policy manager
10. The Council of Elders existed in:
a) Athens
b) Sparta
c) Payments
Test "Ancient Greece".
Option 2.
Where is Sparta located?
A) in the valley of the river Efrot in Laconia
B) in the north of Greece
B) on about. Sicily
2. What merchants exported from Greece to the colonies and other countries:
b) Hesiod
4. What was the name of the common people in Greek?
5. Where were the Olympic Games held?
A) Mount Olympus
B) in Olympia
B) in Athens
6. In what city of ancient Greece did two kings rule?
A) in Sparta
b) in Athens
B) in Thebes
7. How often were the Olympic Games held in ancient Greece?
A) every four years
b) every ten years
B) every year
8. The Persian king who made the first attempt to capture Greece in 490 BC:
a) Xerxes
b) Darius the First
9. God of thunder and lightning, king of gods and people:
c) Apollo
10. What feat did Theseus accomplish?
A) got three golden apples from a country at the end of the world
B) cleared the stables of King Avgii in one day
c) killed the minotaur
Test "Ancient Greece".
Option 3.
Where is Greece located?
a) in the southern part of the Balkan Peninsula
b) in the western part of Asia
c) East Africa
2. King of the city of Troy:
a) Hector
3.Where is Athens?
A) in Attica
B) in the north of Greece
B) on about. Greece
4. What happened in 490 B.C. e.?
a) Battle of Marathon
b) the capture of Troy by the Greeks
c) the collapse of the empire of Alexander the Great
5. What was the name of the Council of Nobles in Athens?
A) areopagus
6. What did the Spartans do?
A) craft
B) military affairs
B) farming
7. What did merchants bring into Greece from the colonies and other countries?
B) olive oil
B) wheat
8. Who were called citizens in the Athenian policy?
A) native Athenians, whose both parents were citizens
B) only those people who traded
C) people who continuously live in the policy for 10 years
9. What did the merchant pay for the right to trade in the trading port of Piraeus?
B) duty
10. What does the Greek word "democracy" mean?
a) power of the people
b) the power of the nobility
c) the power of a tyrant
11. Match the name of the figure and his contribution to the history of Greece:
Final test in the section "Ancient Greece" Option 1
1. Is the following statement true?
Myths are an important source of information about the ancient history of Greece.
1) true 2) false
2. Themistocles was a contemporary: 1) Solon 2) Miltiades 3) Demosthenes
3. Find and indicate the extra participants from the heroes of the Trojan War:
1) Achilles 2) Hector 3) Pericles 4) Agamemnon
4. Arrange the following events in chronological order. A) the rise of Mycenae B) the battle of Plataea
B) the flowering of democracy in Athens D) the laws of Solon
D) Macedonian conquest of Persia
5. Establish a correspondence between concepts and their meanings, write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters
MEANING
A) trieres
1) earthenware vessels with two handles for storing wine and oil
B) archons
2) Greek warships
B) amphorae
3) state slaves in Sparta
4) elected rulers in Athens during the time of Solon
6. Educational institutions in Athens are (continue to list)
1) school 2)______ 3)______
7. Agora, Keramik, Acropolis is
1) famous monuments in Athens 2) districts of Athens 3) monuments in Sparta
8. . Match the name of the figure and his contribution to the history of Greece by drawing arrows
B) Miltiades
D) Xerxes
5) the king of the Persian state
9. Read the text and indicate the information under the numbers that is erroneous
Solon carried out very important transformations. He demolished debt stones, abolished debt slavery, returned freedom to debtor slaves. He established that all the inhabitants of Athens, regardless of their origin and property status, could be elected judges.
1) in fact, Solon, forbidding enslavement for debts, did not give freedom to those debtors who had become slaves earlier
2) in fact, Solon established that only Athenians who owned certain property could be elected judges
3) in fact, Solon established that all citizens of Athens can be elected judges
10. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the right words. Greek history and myths have enriched our speech with many beautiful expressions. We call:
cruel laws - _____________________________________
vulnerable spot - ______________________________________
guiding thread - ___________________________________.
12. Indicate the names of the Greek gods you know in the picture.
Final test in the section "Ancient Greece" Option 2
1. Is the following statement true?
The ancient history of Greece is reflected in the myths about Theseus and the Minotaur, Daedalus and Icarus, about the Trojan War. 1) true 2) false
2. Pericles was a contemporary of: 1) Themistocles 2) Herodotus 3) Diogenes
3. Participants and heroes of Homer's poem "The Odyssey"
1) Polyphemus 2) Penelope 3) Sophocles 4) Alcinous 5) Nausicaa
Find and enter the position number, superfluous in this list.
4. Arrange the following events in chronological order I.
A) the first Olympic Games B) Marathon battle
B) the introduction of payment for the performance of elected offices in Athens
D) the abolition of debt slavery in Athens D) the battle of Gaugamela
5. Establish a correspondence between concepts and their meanings. Write the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letter.
VALUE CONCEPT
1) the battle formation of the Greeks and Macedonians
2) a large clay vessel for storing grain
3) the council of the nobility in Athens
4) independent states,
founded by the Greeks along the coast
Mediterranean and Black Seas
B) colonies
B) phalanx
D) areopagus
6. The theater building included (continue the list)
1) places for spectators 2) _________ 3) _______________
7. Judge, Tax Collector, Market Keeper
1) these are officials in Athens, appointed by the strategist
2) these are officials in Athens, elected by lot
3) these are officials in Athens, elected by the People's Assembly
8 . Match the name of the figure and his contribution to the history of Greece by drawing arrows
2) created the laws that laid the foundation for democracy in Athens
B) Miltiades
3) God of thunder and lightning, king of gods and people
D) Xerxes
4) The strategist who led the Battle of Marathon
5) the king of the Persian state
9.Read the text and indicate the information under the numbers that is erroneous
The popular assembly in Athens during the reign of Pericles had the highest power. It chose the first strategist, declared war, approved peace treaties, adopted laws, disposed of the treasury. Decisions were made by a show of hands.
1) in fact, the first strategist had the highest power in Athens
2) in fact, the right to declare war and conclude peace treaties belonged to the first strategist
3) in fact, the first strategist was elected by a show of hands, on other issues decisions were made by filing white and black pebbles
10. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct words.
Greek history and myths have enriched our speech with many beautiful expressions.
We call:
Major sports competitions - _________________________________,
A secret gift, in order to destroy _____________________________________________, to be simultaneously endangered from different sides ______________________________
12. Give the names of the Greek gods you know.
"Victory of the Greeks in the Battle of Marathon" - The edge of the Greek army. Greek phalanx. Phalanx strike. Athens. Marathon battle. Greek victory over Persians at the Battle of Marathon. Greeks. What helped the Greeks to win. Victory. Miltiades. The Greeks trembled and began to retreat. Persian camp. Greek victory over Persians. Persians. The feat of the messenger. Persian army.
"Ancient Greece" - Ancient Hellas: a political history. 1. Antiquity. 2. Stages of the history of Ancient Greece. Classical slavery (Athens - foreigners, Sparta - helots). P. 52 - highlight the features of antiquity. Period III millennium BC. – 5th century AD Mediterranean civilizations (Greece, Rome) The connection between private property and civil status Civil community is the basis of the policy The richest culture The foundation of modern European civilization.
"Nature of Ancient Greece" - Lesson plan. about. Crete. Ancient Greece. Greece is a small country, but the ancient Greeks created a high culture. Geographical position of Ancient Greece 2. Natural conditions of Greece. 3. Occupations of the inhabitants of ancient Greece. 4. Ancient Crete. 5. The myth of Theseus and the Minotaur. Ancient Greek poet Homer, "The Odyssey". The wise Minos reigned in it for nine years ...
"The Great Greek Colonization" - Ship. Eviction outside of Greece. Greek colonization. Time. Construction of new large ships. Consequences of the Great Colonization. Causes. Trier. Shipbuilding techniques. Great Greek colonization.
"Ancient Sparta" - What types of sports are shown here? Helots. Location. Developed decisions for the people's assembly. Spartans (Spartans). They had all the rights. Perieki. What are the elements of the Spartan warrior's weapons? Army of the Spartans. Gymnastic and military exercises are the main occupations of the Spartans.
"The invasion of the Persian troops in Hellas" - Preparing the Greeks for war with the Persians. Maliak Bay. Lesson assignment. Greek ships. Part of the army. Battle of Thermopylae. Persian invasion of Hellas. Xerxes. Preparing the Greeks for War. Themistocles. Greeks. Gorge. Persian invasion of Hellas. Persian galleys. Thermopylae. Departure of the army. Battle of Salamis.
Total in the topic 33 presentations
the council of the nobility in Athens was called? and got the best answer
Answer from Condorita[guru]
Areopagus
Areopagus - (ancient Greek Ἄρειος πάγος, literally - the hill of Ares), the authority in Ancient Athens, named after the meeting place on the hill of Ares near the Acropolis.
It arose in the era of the tribal system as a council of elders. It consisted of life members, replenished from former archons, candidates for whom the Areopagus planned and elected. Possessed broad political, judicial, controlling and religious power. The Areopagus was a stronghold of the aristocracy, later of the oligarchy. The main functions of the Areopagus were to oversee the observance of laws and to judge cases related to murders. The court itself was located on the hill of the same name, where, according to legend, the trial of the god Ares was held for shedding the blood of Poseidon's son. Aeschylus puts forward a version according to which the hill is named after the Amazons who camped on it during the siege of Athens.
The limitation of the power of the Areopagus began with the development of the Athenian slave-owning democracy. The reform of Ephialtes (462 BC) eliminated a significant share of the political power and influence of the Areopagus, retaining, however, the right to oversee the laws and the functions of the court for certain criminal and religious crimes. Until the end of ancient Athens, it remained the most authoritative power and judicial body of Athens. In the tragedy of Aeschylus "The Eumenides", the founder of the Areopagus is Athena.
Source: wikipedia
Answer from Mikhail Bobreshov[active]
Areopagus.
Ancient Athens - perhaps there was a city of the Phoenicians (they are also Finns or dates), as the Greeks called them, it may have had another - Slavic name. The Phoenicians - sailing under the purple (hence the name Phoenicians) Slavs-Rus, often fought with the Greeks. Ancient statues in Athens have Slavic faces. That is, there was a rename (rename).
Answer from 3 answers[guru]
Hey! Here is a selection of topics with answers to your question: was the council of the nobility called in Athens?
Option 1.
Part A.
A1. What is called a policy?
B) a city in ancient Greece
A2. What was the name of the Council of Nobles in Athens?
A) Areopagus B) Demos C) Polis
A3. What is the name of the common people in Greek?
A) helots B) demos C) polis
A4. The nine rulers of Athens, elected annually by lot:
A) strategists B) archons C) National Assembly
A5. Who in the Athenian state paid the tax for the right to live in this policy?
A) slaves B) citizens of Athens C) merchant settlers
A6. Hill in Athens, where the main temples of the city were located:
A) Acropolis B) Agora C) Academy
A7. The three brothers of God shared power over the world among themselves. Which of them dominated the sea?
A) Hades B) Zeus C) Poseidon
A8. Trieres are:
A) money in Greece
B) advice to know
A9. Find the FALSE statement:
A10. The passage between the mountains and the sea, where 300 Spartans performed a feat, is called:
A) Marathon B) Salaminsky C) Thermopylae
A11. On the slopes of the mountains, the ancient Greeks grew:
A) grapes and olives; B) dates and figs; C) wheat and barley.
BUT
A) the Greeks B) Hellenes; B) Thracians.
A13 . What goddess was called "warrior":
A) Aphrodite B) Athena; B) Hera
A14 . A person who can speak beautifully and convincingly:
A) strategist B) Spartan C) orator
A15. An island near Alexandria, on which a huge lighthouse was erected:
A) Pharos B) Crete C) Thera
Part B.
A) Solon
B) Homer
B) Miltiades
D) Xerxes
D) Zeus
5) the king of the Persian state
E) Phidias
Test "Ancient Greece".
Option 2.
Part A.
A) Homer B) Hesiod C) Aeschylus
A2. Where were the Olympic Games held?
A) Mount Olympus B) Olympia C) Athens
A3. The Persian king who made the first attempt to capture Greece in 490 BC:
A) Xerxes B) Darius I C) Cyrus
A4. The three brothers of God shared power over the world among themselves. Which of them dominated the underworld?
A) Hades B) Zeus C) Poseidon
A5. Who were called citizens in the Athenian polis?
A6. What did the Spartans do?
A) craft B) military C) agriculture
A7. What did merchants export from Greece to other countries?
A) slaves B) wheat C) olive oil
A8. How often were the Olympic Games held in Ancient Greece?
A) every four years B) every ten years C) every year
A9. What does the Greek word "democracy" mean?
A) the power of the people B) the power of the nobility C) the power of the king
A1 0. What was the name of the ancient Greek goddess of love and beauty:
A) Artemis B) Athena; B) Aphrodite
A1 1. The area of pottery workshops in Athens was called:
A) agora B) ceramics C) acropolis
BUT 12. Palestra is:
B) the place of training;
C) school for gymnastics;
BUT
A) a goblet of pure gold
B) a wreath of olive branches
BUT
actors and choir performed:
A) tragedy B) skene C) orchestra
BUT
Macedonian?
A) Darius the First B) Xerxes C) Darius the Third
Part B.
Q1.Fit the match:
A) Heroes of myths 1. Dionysus
2. Themistocles
4. Aristotle
C) Gods 5. Achilles
6. Hephaestus
IN 2. What event is shown in the picture? Describe it.
IN 3. Find the correct statements:
pithos;
Test on the topic "Ancient Greece"(Option for teacher)
Option 1.
Part A.
What is a policy?
A) city-state in ancient Greece
B) a city in ancient Greece
B) the name of the city government
2. What was the name of the Council of Nobles in Athens?
A) areopagus B) demos C) polis
3. What was the name of the common people in Greek?
A) helots B) demos B) policy
4. Nine rulers of Athens, annually elected by lot:
A) strategists B) archons B) the people's assembly
5. Who in the Athenian state paid the tax for the right to live in this policy?
A) slaves B) citizens of Athens B) migrant merchants
6. Hill in Athens, where the main temples of the city were located:
A) Acropolis B) Agora C) Academy
7. The three brothers of God shared power over the world among themselves. Which of them dominated the sea?
A) Hades B) Zeus B) Poseidon
8. Trieres are:
A) money in Greece
B) warships with three rows of oars
B) advice to know
9. Find the FALSE statement:
A) The first Olympic Games took place in 776 BC.
B) During the Battle of Marathon in 490, the Greeks were commanded by the strategist Miltiades.
C) Sparta was a very beautiful city with many theaters and museums.
10. The passage between the mountains and the sea, where 300 Spartans performed a feat, is called:
A) Marathon B) Salami B) Thermopylae
11. On the slopes of the mountains, the ancient Greeks grew:
A) grapes and olives; B) dates and figs; C) wheat and barley.
12. How did the inhabitants of ancient Greece call themselves:
A) the Greeks B) Hellenes; B) Thracians.
13. What goddess was called "warrior":
A) Aphrodite B) Athena; B) Hera
14. A person who can make speeches beautifully and convincingly:
A) strategist B) spartan B) speaker
15. An island near Alexandria, on which a huge lighthouse was erected:
A) Pharos B) Crete C) Thera
Part B.
B1. Match the name of the figure and his contribution to the history of Greece:
A) Solon
B) Homer
2) created the laws that laid the foundation for democracy in Athens
B) Miltiades
3) God of thunder and lightning, king of gods and people
D) Xerxes
4) The strategist who led the Battle of Marathon
D) Zeus
5) the king of the Persian state
E) Phidias
Answer: A-2, B-1, C-4, D-5, D-3, E-6
IN 2. What event is shown in the picture? Describe it.
IN 3. Find the correct statements:
A) The father of Alexander the Great was called Philip;
B) The Trojan War began because debt slavery was abolished;
C) The Olympic Games in Ancient Greece lasted two weeks;
D) In the Thermopylae Gorge in 480 BC. the Greeks were commanded by the Spartan king Leonidas;
E) From everywhere in Athens, the Acropolis was visible - a hill with steep and steep slopes;
E) Egyptian Alexandria was built up spontaneously. Its streets were short, winding and very dirty.
Test "Ancient Greece".
Option 2.
Part A.
A) Homer B) Hesiod C) Aeschylus
2. Where were the Olympic Games held?
A) Mount Olympus B) in Olympia B) in Athens
3. The Persian king who made the first attempt to capture Greece in 490 BC:
A) Xerxes B) Darius the First B) Cyrus
4. The three brothers of God shared power over the world among themselves. Which of them dominated the underworld?
A) Hades B) Zeus C) Poseidon
5. Who were called citizens in the Athenian policy?
A) native Athenians, whose both parents were citizens
B) only those people who traded
C) people who continuously live in the policy for 10 years
6. What did the Spartans do?
A) craft B) military affairs B) farming
7. What did merchants export from Greece to other countries?
A) slaves B) wheat B) olive oil
8. How often were the Olympic Games held in Ancient Greece?
A) every four years B) every ten years C) every year
9.What does the Greek word "democracy" mean?
A) power of the people B) the power of the nobility C) the power of the king
10. What was the name of the ancient Greek goddess of love and beauty:
A) Artemis B) Athena; B) Aphrodite
11. The area of pottery workshops in Athens was called:
A) agora B) ceramics B) the acropolis
12. Palestra is:
A) a stage for theatrical performances;
B) the place of training;
B) school for gymnastics;
13. The winners on the last day of the Olympic Games received as a reward:
A) a goblet of pure gold
B) a wreath of olive branches
B) a purse with silver coins
14. Round or semicircular area in the Greek theater, on which
actors and choir performed:
A) tragedy B) skene B) an orchestra
15. The name of the Persian king, whose troops were defeated by Alexander
Macedonian?
A) Darius I B) Xerxes B) Darius III
Part B.
Q1.Fit the match:
A) Heroes of myths 1. Dionysus
2. Themistocles
B) Historical figures 3. Theseus
4. Aristotle
C) Gods 5. Achilles
6. Hephaestus
Answer: A-3, 5; B-2, 4; B-1, 6
IN 2. What event is shown in the picture? Describe it.
IN 3. Find the correct statements:
A) A metal or bone stick with which they wrote on wax tablets was called pithos;
B) The sculptor, the creator of the famous statue "Discobolus" is Miron;
C) In the battle of Salamis in 480 BC. the Greeks defeated the Persians and defended their independence;
D) The main port of the Athenian state in the 5th century BC. was the city of Alexandria;
E) All roles in Greek theaters were performed only by men;
E) Alexander the Great lived a long life and died a natural death at the age of 75.
What does the history of religions teach us? That they fanned the flames of intolerance everywhere, littered the plains with corpses, watered the earth with blood, burned cities, devastated states; but they never made people better.
From the Dark Ages - a period of decline that came in the XI-IX centuries. BC e. - Hellas carried the seeds of a new state system. From the first kingdoms there remained a placer of villages that fed the nearest city - the center of public life, a market and a refuge during the war. Together they constituted a city-state ("polis"). The largest policies were Athens, Sparta, Corinth and Thebes.
Rebirth from darkness
During the Dark Ages, Greek settlements spread from the southern part of the Balkan Peninsula to the western coast of Asia Minor (present-day Turkey), covering the islands of the Aegean Sea. By the beginning of the 8th century BC. e. the Greeks began to restore trade relations with other peoples, exporting olive oil, wine, pottery and metal products. Thanks to the recent invention of the alphabet by the Phoenicians, a script lost during the Dark Ages has begun to revive. However, the established peace and prosperity led to a sharp increase in the population, and it became increasingly difficult to feed them due to the limited agricultural base.
Trying to solve this problem, the Greeks sent whole parties of their citizens to develop new lands, found new colonies that could provide for themselves. Many Greek colonies settled in southern Italy and in Sicily, so this whole area became known as "Greater Greece". For two centuries, the Greeks built many cities around the Mediterranean and even on the Black Sea coast.
The process of colonization was accompanied by drastic changes in policies. The monarchy gave way to the aristocracy, that is, the rule of the most noble landowners. But with the expansion of trade and the introduction of metallic money into circulation around 600 BC. e. following the example of the neighboring kingdom of Lydia in the south of Asia Minor, their positions were noticeably shaken.
In the VI century BC. e. conflicts constantly arose in the policies, tyrants often came to power. "Tyrant" is a Greek word, like "aristocracy", but the ancient Greeks did not mean that the tyrant's regime was cruel and anti-people, but meant that a person forcibly seized power, but could at the same time be a reformer.
Despite the reforms of the famous legislator Solon, the tyrant Pisistratus seized power in Athens. But after the expulsion from Athens of Peisistratus' successor Hippias in 510 BC. e. a democratic constitution was adopted. Council of the nobility in ancient Greece. This is another word of Greek origin, which means the rule of the demos, that is, the people. Greek democracy was limited as women and slaves did not have the right to vote. But due to the small size of cities, citizens could not depend on their elected representatives, as they took a direct part in determining laws and discussing especially important decisions at popular assemblies.
In the 5th century BC e. conflicts broke out between democratic and oligarchic parties in many policies. Supporters of the oligarchy believed that power in society should belong to the wealthiest citizens.
Athens and Sparta
If Athens can be called a stronghold of democracy, then Sparta was rightfully considered the center of the oligarchy. Sparta was distinguished by a number of other features.
In most Greek states, the percentage of slaves to free citizens was quite low, while the Spartans lived as a "master race" surrounded by a superior number of potentially dangerous helot slaves. To maintain their dominance, the entire people of Sparta was turned into a caste of warriors, who were taught from early childhood to endure pain and live in barracks.
Although the Greeks were ardent patriots of their cities, they recognized that they were one people - the Hellenes. They were united by the poetry of Homer, belief in the all-powerful Zeus and other Olympian gods, and the cult of the development of mental and physical abilities, the expression of which was the Olympic Games. In addition, the Greeks, who honored the rule of law, felt their difference from other peoples, whom they indiscriminately dubbed "barbarians." Both under democracy and in oligarchic policies, everyone had legal rights, and a citizen could not be deprived of his life at the whim of the emperor - unlike, for example, the Persians, whom the Greeks considered barbarians.
However, the Persian expansion, which began in the VI century BC. e. and directed against the peoples Ancient Greece and Asia Minor, seemed inevitable. However, the Persians were not particularly interested in the lands of the Greeks - poor and remote on the other side of the Aegean until Athens supported the Asian Greeks who rebelled against Persian rule. The uprising was crushed, and in 490 BC. Persian king Darius sent troops to take revenge on Athens. However, the Athenians won a landslide victory at the Battle of Marathon - 42 km from Athens. In memory of the feat of the messenger, who ran all this distance without stopping, in order to quickly announce the joyful bear, a marathon was included in the program of the Olympic Games.
Ten years later, Darius' son and successor Xerxes organized a much larger attack. He ordered to line up his ships in a row, forming a bridge across the Hellespont Strait, dividing Asia Minor and Europe (the current Dardanelles Strait), through which his huge army passed. In the face of a common threat, the Greek cities were forced to unite. Council of the nobility in ancient Greece. The army of Xerxes came from the north, and the Greeks, who gathered troops from different cities, performed a real feat, putting a barrier in the way of the Persians. King Leonidas and his 300 Spartans gave their lives trying to hold the narrow Thermopylae Gorge as long as possible.
Unfortunately, the death of the Spartans was in vain, since Ancient Greece still fell under the onslaught of the enemy. The inhabitants of Athens were evacuated, and the invaders burned all the temples in the Acropolis. Although a year before the war, the leader of the Athenians, Themistocles, seriously strengthened the fleet, in terms of the number of ships, he was hopelessly inferior to the superior forces of the Persians and the Phoenicians they had conquered. But Themistocles managed to drive the Persian armada into the narrow Strait of Salamis, where it was unable to maneuver. This caused panic in the ranks of the Persians and allowed the Greeks to completely defeat the enemy fleet.
Decisive battle
Since Sparta actually retired from the liberation struggle, Athens became the undisputed leader in ancient Greece. In 478 BC. e. The Delian League was concluded, which allowed Athens and its allies to pool their resources and continue the war. However, the union soon turned into an instrument of political radicalism. The allies were obliged to introduce in their states democratic forms of government on the model of Athens and to finance the maintenance of an ever-increasing fleet for the needs of general defense. After the end of the war with the Persians in 449 BC. e. the union was preserved, and all attempts to withdraw from it were severely suppressed.
Classical Athens
5th century BC e. is considered the great age of classicism of Greek civilization, which is primarily identified with Athens. But both before and after this period, other Greek cities made a very significant contribution to Greek culture, giving the world many masterpieces of poetry, ceramics and sculpture, as well as the first philosophers who tried to explain the universe from the standpoint of physics, and not magic and miracles.
And yet the main achievements of human thought and art are connected with Athens. Among the temples built on the Acropolis, the most famous is the Parthenon, with its perfect proportions and superb moldings. The first dramatic works in the world arose on the basis of Athenian rituals in honor of the god Dionysus. Athenian philosophers, including the famous Socrates and Plato, were the first to deeply analyze questions of morality and political ideals. In addition, Athens was the birthplace of Herodotus of Halicarnassus, the first true historian (that is, a scholar engaged in critical research, and not just retelling of fables and rumors).
No less outstanding historian was Thucydides, who was not only the commander of the Athenian army, but also the chronicler of the great Peloponnesian war of 431-404 BC. Worried about the growing power of Athens, the Spartans founded the Peloponnesian Union, which included representatives of the large Peloponnesian Peninsula in the south of the mainland of Ancient Greece. The first clashes between the two alliances were indecisive, and it seemed that this situation would continue for a long time. However, after the plague broke out in Athens, which claimed the life of the leader of the Athenians, Pericles, Sparta won this confrontation. But although the Spartans controlled the area around Athens (Attica), the city itself remained impregnable for them, since the famous Long Walls surrounding the city cut off the approaches to the port of Piraeus, from where supplies were delivered to Athens. Council of the nobility in ancient Greece. Thus, Athens' dominance of the sea was preserved.
Defeated Winners
After a seven-year truce, war broke out again, when the Athenian army, which had besieged the powerful Greek city in Sicily of Syracuse, was itself surrounded, and the entire expeditionary force was completely destroyed. The Spartans closed Athens in a tight blockade ring. The Athenian fleet was defeated in the battle of Aegospotami. In 404 BC. e. the starving city was forced to surrender.
Sparta and Thebes
The dominance of Sparta also did not last long, she was opposed by the unification of Athens, Corinth and Thebes. In 371 BC. e. The Thebans, led by Epaminondas, inflicted a crushing defeat on Sparta at the Battle of Louctra.
The superiority of Thebes turned out to be even more fleeting, and in the second half of the 4th century Greece entered as never before disunited. In comparison with other states, Macedonia, located in the north of Greece, remained an underdeveloped outskirts, but it was ruled by the talented king Philip II of Macedon, and she had a well-trained army. In 338 B.C. e. in the battle of Chaeronea, the Macedonian army completely defeated the combined army of the Athenians and Thebans. Ancient Greece had a single ruler. A new era has begun.
Even though there is no benefit for a person to lie, this does not mean that he is telling the truth: they lie simply in the name of lies.
