How many people died in the gulag 1941 1945. The FSB published new data on the number of deaths in Auschwitz. Some facts from the history of Auschwitz

Unfortunately, indeed, some(!) camps of the Gulag system in some(!!!) years, mortality approached or even exceeded this indicator in, again, some fascist camps. ( I will say right away: according to some researchers of the fascist camps ).

Proponents of this myth cite many statistics showing that more people died in such and such a Gulag camp in such and such a year than in Buchenwald or Dachau. Moreover, absolute figures are given (example: in Dachau 1235 people died in 1939, in Sevvostlag - 13475.) Immediately for everyone I want to make a methodological remark: mortality counts only V RELATIVE numbers! (i.e. as a percentage). Absolute numbers give us nothing! And once we start asking our adversaries relative numbers, it turns out much more interesting: “ in Buchenwald in 1937 - 48 people died (4%) of the average annual number, in 1937 in SevVostlag 2443 people died (9%)» . As you can see, the picture is changing. Especially if we compare the mortality rate throughout the Gulag in 1937 (2.42%), it turns out that it was almost 2 times lower than in Buchenwald! This is how lies are exposed.

Now let's move on to the main question: how to find out which system was "more deadly"? What indicators to take, how to calculate them? The following solution seems to be correct: we must take general the number of people who have passed through this system, and the number of all who have died. Then calculate what proportion of the number of all those who passed is the number of deaths. So we get the total mortality of each of the compared systems.

But along the way we encounter some difficulties. If strict office work was carried out in the Stalinist Gulag, which has been preserved in full and is now in the fund 9414 of the State Archive of the Russian Federation, then in the fascist camps the documentation was either destroyed or not even kept at all (Like in Auschwitz). Many camps were destroyed by the fascists, there were no traces left of them, except for the memories of the prisoners (which the author of the article himself is a witness of: my grandfather ended up in a fascist camp in 1942, soon fled. When he was at the site of the camp after the war, there are no traces of him did not exist). The German government in 1967 recognized 1634 Nazi camps, although many researchers say that there were many more (by the way, the German government still does not recognize my grandfather as a prisoner, nor the existence of his camp). So the question arises before the researcher: how to determine the total number of prisoners in fascist concentration camps and the number of deaths from them. The matter is complicated by the fact that the Nazis had 3 types of camps: transit camps, labor camps, death camps. It is clear that it is necessary to compare identical institutions. That is why we, for the sake of fairness and objectivity, must discard the death camps from the Nazis (as well as transit ones), leaving only the so-called. labor camps, and it is this type of camps that can be compared with the Soviet labor camps (corrective labor camps) (especially since their names are almost identical). The question remains: what specific Nazi concentration camps to take? The researcher proceeded as follows: a 1967 report from the German Federal Ministry of the Interior was taken, and large camp systems were selected from there (column on the right). There were 29 of them. Further, the list of the German Ministry of Internal Affairs is compared with the list presented on Wikipedia. From both lists, only those systems that match are selected. There are 22 of these left. Of this number, we removed those that are designated on Wikipedia as death camps (it remains unclear to me personally what data the compilers of the resource were guided by. For example, Dachau, in which 31,591 people died out of 200,000 who passed through it , is designated as a death camp, and Sachsenhausen, in which 100,000 out of the same 200,000 died, is designated as a labor camp. But we will leave this issue on the conscience of the Wiki authors. If anyone has other data, I will be glad to read it). After we eliminated the death camps, we were left with 16 camp systems. Next, we took for each of these camps the maximum and minimum estimates of the number of those who passed through them, and the same indicators (maximum and minimum) of the dead. Here's what we got:

Table. An estimate of the total number of people who passed through the Nazi labor camps, recognized by the German government, and the number of deaths from the bottom according to Wikipedia.

Name of the camp system	number of prisoners who passed during the period of existence		Number of deaths (total during existence)
	maximum marks	minimum grades	maximum marks	minimum grades
Buchenwald	250 000	238 979	56 545
Vaivara	20 000		950
Herzogenbusch	31 000		749
Gross Rosen	125 000		40 000
Dora-Mittelbau	60 000		20 000
Sachsenhausen	200 000		100 000
Mauthausen	335 000	195 000	122 000	95 000
Neuengamme	106 000	100 500	55 000
Plaszow	150 000		9 000
Ravensbrück	153 000	130 000	92 000	50 000
Riga-Kaiserwald	20 000		-
Theresienstadt	140 000		121 000	33 000
Flossenbürg	100 000	96 000	50 000	30 000
Hinzert	14 000		1 000	321
Stutthof	110 000		65 000
Total	1 814 000	1 630 479	733 244	644 244

Now, based on the data in the table above, we will try to calculate the total mortality in the Nazi labor camps for the entire time of their existence. We get the maximum mortality rate if we take the minimum number of people who passed through the camps and the maximum estimate of the number of deaths. This percentage will be 44.97% (733244/1630479*100%). If we take the minimum estimate of the dead and the maximum number of those who passed, then the percentage will be 35.52% (644244/1814000 * 100). If we take the maximum and minimum indicators, respectively, then the percentages will be equal to 40% (40.42% for the maximum indicators and 39.52% for the minimum). This coincides with the data of the British researcher R. Overy.

The total number of those who passed through the "Stalinist" camps is estimated at 9.5 million people. The total number of deaths from 1930 to 1953 is 1590378 people, or 16.74%. According to I. Pykhalov, from 1931 to 1947 and from 1949 to 1952, 1,111,448 people died in the Gulag camps, from 1939 to 1951. 93376 people in prisons and from 1949 to 1952. 39073 people in the colonies. Thus, Pykhalov has data on 1243897 people who died in the penitentiary system of the USSR under Stalin, which is 13.09%. Considering that Pykhalov's data is incomplete, they do not in the least contradict the data given in Wikipedia. The largest and most authoritative researcher of Stalin's repressions is Viktor Nikolaevich Zemskov. According to him, in the ITL Gulag from 1934 to 1947. 937471 people died. As you can see, the data on the Gulag are consistent, and allow us to conclude that 16.74% of prisoners died in the ITL, ITK, and prisons in 1930-1953. This is also close to R. Overy's data. It follows from this that the Gulag was not a system of extermination of the people, a system of genocide.

If we subtract the hard times (the famine of 1932-1933 and the military campaign of 1941-1945), when the death rate increases markedly, then the death rate falls to the level of 6-9% (depending on the calculation).

Thus, based on archival data and objective scientific research, we can draw the following main conclusion: the death rate in the fascist "labor" camps exceeded the death rate in the Gulag by more than 2 times!

As for the death rate in all the fascist labor camps mentioned in Wikipedia and not recognized by the German Interior Ministry, it was 36%. If we calculate the death rate not only in labor camps, but also in death camps, then this percentage rises to 70% !!!

Hence the main conclusion: for all the cruelty of both systems, the Stalinist system is incomparable with Hitler's. These systems are completely different!

If we resort to a metaphor, then the Stalinist system can be compared with a stern father who punishes his family for the slightest violation, and Hitler's - with a ruthless killer. Therefore, the comparison of these systems is blasphemous. The Nazis killed more people in Auschwitz alone than died in the Stalinist Gulag during the entire period of its existence.

Fascism and atrocities will forever remain inseparable concepts. Since the introduction of the bloody ax of war by fascist Germany over the world, the innocent blood of a huge number of victims has been shed.

The birth of the first concentration camps

As soon as the Nazis came to power in Germany, the first "death factories" began to be created. A concentration camp is a deliberately equipped center designed for the mass involuntary imprisonment and detention of prisoners of war and political prisoners. The name itself still terrifies many to this day. Concentration camps in Germany were the location of those individuals who were suspected of supporting the anti-fascist movement. The first were located directly in the Third Reich. According to the "Emergency Decree of the Reich President on the Protection of the People and the State," all those who were hostile to the Nazi regime were arrested for an indefinite line.

But as soon as hostilities began, such institutions turned into ones that suppressed and destroyed a huge number of people. German concentration camps during the Great Patriotic War were filled with millions of prisoners: Jews, communists, Poles, gypsies, Soviet citizens and others. Among the many causes of death of millions of people, the main ones were the following:

• severe bullying;
• illness;
• poor conditions of detention;
• exhaustion;
• heavy physical labor;
• inhumane medical experiments.

The development of a cruel system

The total number of correctional labor institutions at that time was about 5 thousand. German concentration camps during the Great Patriotic War had different purposes and capacities. The spread of racial theory in 1941 led to the emergence of camps or "death factories", behind the walls of which they methodically killed first Jews, and then people belonging to other "inferior" peoples. Camps were set up in the occupied territories

The first phase of the development of this system is characterized by the construction of camps on the German territory, which had the maximum similarity with the holds. They were intended to contain opponents of the Nazi regime. At that time, there were about 26 thousand prisoners in them, absolutely protected from the outside world. Even in the event of a fire, rescuers had no right to be in the camp.

The second phase is 1936-1938, when the number of those arrested grew rapidly and new places of detention were required. The arrested included the homeless and those who did not want to work. A kind of cleansing of society from asocial elements that disgraced the German nation was carried out. This is the time of the construction of such well-known camps as Sachsenhausen and Buchenwald. Later, Jews were sent into exile.

The third phase of the development of the system begins almost simultaneously with the Second World War and lasts until the beginning of 1942. The number of prisoners inhabiting the German concentration camps during the Great Patriotic War almost doubled thanks to the captured French, Poles, Belgians and representatives of other nations. At this time, the number of prisoners in Germany and Austria is significantly inferior to the number of those who are in the camps built in the conquered territories.

During the fourth and final phase (1942-1945), the persecution of Jews and Soviet prisoners of war intensifies significantly. The number of prisoners is approximately 2.5-3 million.

The Nazis organized "death factories" and other similar institutions of detention in the territories of various countries. The most significant place among them was occupied by German concentration camps, the list of which is as follows:

• Buchenwald;
• Halle;
• Dresden;
• Dusseldorf;
• Catbus;
• Ravensbrück;
• Schlieben;
• Spremberg;
• Dachau;
• Essen.

Dachau - the first camp

Among the first in Germany, the Dachau camp was created, located near the small town of the same name near Munich. He was a kind of model for the creation of the future system of Nazi correctional institutions. Dachau is a concentration camp that existed for 12 years. A huge number of German political prisoners, anti-fascists, prisoners of war, clergymen, political and public activists from almost all European countries were serving their sentences in it.

In 1942, a system consisting of 140 additional camps began to be created on the territory of southern Germany. All of them belonged to the Dachau system and contained more than 30 thousand prisoners used in a variety of hard work. Among the prisoners were well-known anti-fascist believers Martin Niemoller, Gabriel V and Nikolai Velimirovich.

Officially, Dachau was not intended to exterminate people. But, despite this, the official number of prisoners who died here is about 41,500 people. But the real number is much higher.

Also, behind these walls, a variety of medical experiments on people were carried out. In particular, there were experiments related to the study of the effect of height on the human body and the study of malaria. In addition, new medicines and hemostatic agents were tested on prisoners.

Dachau, an infamous concentration camp, was liberated on April 29, 1945 by the US 7th Army.

"Work makes you free"

This phrase of metal letters, placed above the main entrance to the Nazi, is a symbol of terror and genocide.

In connection with the increase in the number of arrested Poles, it became necessary to create a new place for their detention. In 1940-1941, all residents were evicted from the territory of Auschwitz and the villages adjacent to it. This place was intended to form a camp.

It included:

• Auschwitz I;
• Auschwitz-Birkenau;
• Auschwitz Buna (or Auschwitz III).

Surrounded by the entire camp were towers and barbed wire, which was under electrical voltage. The forbidden zone was located at a great distance outside the camps and was called the "zone of interest."

Prisoners were brought here on trains from all over Europe. After that, they were divided into 4 groups. The first, consisting mainly of Jews and people unfit for work, were immediately sent to the gas chambers.

Representatives of the second performed a variety of work in industrial enterprises. In particular, the labor of prisoners was used at the Buna Werke oil refinery, which was engaged in the production of gasoline and synthetic rubber.

A third of the newcomers were those who had congenital physical abnormalities. They were mostly dwarfs and twins. They were sent to the "main" concentration camp for anti-human and sadistic experiments.

The fourth group consisted of specially selected women who served as servants and personal slaves of the SS. They also sorted personal belongings confiscated from arriving prisoners.

The mechanism for the final solution of the Jewish question

Every day there were more than 100 thousand prisoners in the camp, who lived on 170 hectares of land in 300 barracks. Their construction was carried out by the first prisoners. The barracks were wooden and had no foundation. In winter, these rooms were especially cold because they were heated by 2 small stoves.

The crematoria at Auschwitz Birkenau were located at the end of the railroad tracks. They were combined with gas chambers. Each of them had 5 triple furnaces. Other crematoria were smaller and consisted of one eight-muffle oven. They all worked almost around the clock. The break was done only in order to clean the furnaces of human ashes and burnt fuel. All this was taken out to the nearest field and poured into special pits.

Each gas chamber held about 2.5 thousand people, they died within 10-15 minutes. After that, their corpses were transferred to the crematoria. Other prisoners were already prepared to take their place.

A large number of corpses could not always accommodate crematoriums, so in 1944 they began to be burned right on the street.

Some facts from the history of Auschwitz

Auschwitz is a concentration camp whose history includes about 700 escape attempts, half of which ended successfully. But even if someone managed to escape, all his relatives were immediately arrested. They were also sent to camps. Prisoners who lived with the escapee in the same block were killed. In this way, the management of the concentration camp prevented attempts to escape.

The liberation of this "factory of death" took place on January 27, 1945. The 100th Infantry Division of General Fyodor Krasavin occupied the territory of the camp. Only 7,500 people were alive at that time. The Nazis during their retreat killed or took to the Third Reich more than 58,000 prisoners.

Until our time, the exact number of lives taken by Auschwitz is not known. The souls of how many prisoners roam there to this day? Auschwitz is a concentration camp whose history is made up of the lives of 1.1-1.6 million prisoners. It has become a sad symbol of outrageous offenses against humanity.

Guarded Detention Camp for Women

The only huge concentration camp for women in Germany was Ravensbrück. It was designed to hold 30 thousand people, but at the end of the war there were more than 45 thousand prisoners. These included Russian and Polish women. The majority were Jewish. This women's concentration camp was not officially intended for carrying out various abuses of prisoners, but there was also no formal ban on such.

When entering Ravensbrück, women were stripped of everything they had. They were completely stripped, washed, shaved and given work clothes. After that, the prisoners were distributed among the barracks.

Even before entering the camp, the most healthy and efficient women were selected, the rest were destroyed. Those who survived did various jobs related to construction and sewing workshops.

Closer to the end of the war, a crematorium and a gas chamber were built here. Before that, if necessary, mass or single executions were carried out. Human ashes were sent as fertilizer to the fields surrounding the women's concentration camp, or simply dumped into the bay.

Elements of humiliation and experiences in Ravesbrück

The most important elements of humiliation were numbering, mutual responsibility and unbearable living conditions. Also, a feature of Ravesbrück is the presence of an infirmary designed for experiments on people. Here the Germans tested new drugs by infecting or crippling prisoners. The number of prisoners was rapidly decreasing due to regular purges or selections, during which all women who lost the opportunity to work or had a bad appearance were destroyed.

At the time of liberation, there were approximately 5,000 people in the camp. The rest of the prisoners were either killed or taken to other concentration camps in Nazi Germany. The finally imprisoned women were released in April 1945.

Concentration camp in Salaspils

At first, the Salaspils concentration camp was created in order to contain Jews in it. They were brought there from Latvia and other European countries. The first construction work was carried out by Soviet prisoners of war, who were in Stalag-350, located nearby.

Since at the time of the start of construction, the Nazis had practically destroyed all the Jews in the territory of Latvia, the camp turned out to be unclaimed. In this regard, in May 1942, a prison was made in the empty premises of Salaspils. It contained all those who evaded labor service, sympathized with the Soviet regime, and other opponents of the Hitler regime. People were sent here to die a painful death. The camp was not like other similar establishments. There were no gas chambers or crematoria here. Nevertheless, about 10 thousand prisoners were destroyed here.

Children's Salaspils

The Salaspils concentration camp was a place of detention for children who were used here to provide them with the blood of wounded German soldiers. After the blood sampling procedure, most of the juvenile prisoners died very quickly.

The number of small prisoners who died within the walls of Salaspils is more than 3 thousand. These are only those children of concentration camps who are under 5 years old. Some of the bodies were burned, and the rest were buried in the garrison cemetery. Most of the children died due to the merciless pumping of blood.

The fate of people who ended up in concentration camps in Germany during the Great Patriotic War was tragic even after liberation. It would seem, what else could be worse! After the fascist corrective labor institutions, they were captured by the Gulag. Their relatives and children were repressed, and the former prisoners themselves were considered "traitors". They worked only in the most difficult and low-paid jobs. Only a few of them subsequently managed to break out into people.

The German concentration camps are evidence of the terrible and inexorable truth of the deepest decline of humanity.

“Know to remember. Remember, so as not to repeat ”- this capacious phrase perfectly reflects the meaning of writing this article, the meaning of reading it by you. Each of us needs to remember the brutal cruelty that a person is capable of when an idea is higher than human life.

Creation of concentration camps

In the history of the creation of concentration camps, we can distinguish the following main periods:

1. Before 1934. This phase was marked by the beginning of Nazi rule, when it became necessary to isolate and repress opponents of the Nazi regime. The camps were more like prisons. They immediately became the place where the law did not apply, and no organizations had the opportunity to penetrate inside. So, for example, in the event of a fire, fire brigades were not allowed to enter the territory.
2. 1936 —1938 During this period, new camps were built: the old ones were no longer enough, because. now not only political prisoners got there, but also citizens who were declared a disgrace to the German nation (parasites and the homeless). Then the number of prisoners increased sharply due to the outbreak of war and the first exile of the Jews, which took place after Kristallnacht (November, 1938).
3. 1939-1942 Prisoners from the occupied countries - France, Poland, Belgium - were sent to the camps.
4. 1942 —1945 During this period, the persecution of Jews intensified, and Soviet prisoners of war also ended up in the hands of the Nazis. Thus,

The Nazis needed new places for the organized murder of millions of people.

concentration camp victims

1. Representatives of the "lower races"- Jews and Gypsies, who were kept in separate barracks and subjected to complete physical extermination, were starved and sent to the most exhausting work.

2. Political opponents of the regime. Among them were members of anti-Nazi parties, primarily communists, social democrats, members of the Nazi party accused of serious crimes, listeners of foreign radio, members of various religious sects.

3. criminal offender, whom the administration often used as guards for political prisoners.

4. "Unreliable elements", which were considered homosexuals, alarmists, etc.

Decals

It was the duty of each prisoner to wear a distinctive sign on his clothes, a serial number and a triangle on his chest and right knee. Political prisoners were marked with a red triangle, criminals - green, "unreliable" - black, homosexuals - pink, gypsies - brown, Jews - yellow, plus they were required to wear a six-pointed Star of David. Jewish defilers (those who violated racial laws) wore a black border around a green or yellow triangle.

Foreigners were marked with a sewn capital beech name of the country: the French - the letter "F", the Poles - "P", etc.

The letter "A" (from the word "Arbeit") was sewn on violators of labor discipline, the letter "K" (from the word "Kriegsverbrecher") - war criminals, the word "Blid" (fool) - mentally retarded. A red and white target on the chest and back was mandatory for the prisoners involved in the escape.

Buchenwald

Buchenwald is considered one of the largest concentration camps built in Germany. On July 15, 1937, the first prisoners arrived here - Jews, gypsies, criminals, homosexuals, Jehovah's Witnesses, opponents of the Nazi regime. For moral suppression, a phrase was carved on the gate, reinforcing the cruelty of the situation in which the prisoners found themselves: "To each his own."

In the period 1937-1945. more than 250 thousand people were imprisoned in Buchenwald. In the main part of the concentration camp and in 136 branches, the prisoners were mercilessly exploited. 56 thousand people died: they were killed, died of starvation, typhus, dysentery, died in the course of medical experiments (to test new vaccines, prisoners were infected with typhoid and tuberculosis, poisoned with poison). In 1941 Soviet prisoners of war get here. In the entire history of the existence of Buchenwald, 8 thousand prisoners from the USSR were shot.

Despite the most severe conditions, the prisoners managed to create several resistance groups, the strongest of which was a group of Soviet prisoners of war. The prisoners, risking their lives daily, prepared an uprising for several years. The capture was supposed to happen at the time of the arrival of the Soviet or American army. However, they had to do it earlier. In 1945 the Nazi leaders, who were already aware of the sad outcome of the war for them, proceeded to the complete extermination of prisoners in order to hide the evidence of such a large-scale crime. April 11, 1945 the prisoners broke into an armed uprising. After 30 minutes, two hundred SS men were captured, by the end of the day Buchenwald was completely under the control of the rebels! Only two days later, American troops arrived there. More than 20 thousand prisoners were released, including 900 children.

In 1958 A memorial complex was opened on the territory of Buchenwald.

Auschwitz

Auschwitz is a complex of German concentration camps and death camps. In the period 1941-1945. 1 million 400 thousand people were killed there. (According to some historians, this figure reaches 4 million people). Of these, 15 thousand are Soviet prisoners of war. It is impossible to establish the exact number of victims, since many documents were specifically destroyed.

Even before arriving at this center of violence and cruelty, people were subjected to physical and moral suppression. They were delivered to the concentration camp by trains, where there were no toilets, there were no stops. The unbearable smell was heard even far from the train. People were not given any food or water - it is not surprising that thousands of people died on the road. The survivors still had to experience all the horrors of being in a real human hell: separation from loved ones, torture, brutal medical experiments and, of course, death.

Upon arrival, the prisoners were divided into two groups: those who were immediately destroyed (children, the disabled, the elderly, the wounded) and those who could be exploited before destruction. The latter were kept in unbearable conditions: they slept next to rodents, lice, bedbugs on straw that lay on the concrete floor (later it was replaced with thin mattresses with straw, three-tiered bunks were later invented). In a space that accommodated 40 people, 200 people lived. The prisoners had almost no access to water, they washed extremely rarely, which is why various infectious diseases flourished in the barracks. The diet of the prisoners was more than meager: a slice of bread, a few acorns, a glass of water for breakfast, beet and potato skin soup for lunch, a slice of bread for dinner. In order not to die, the captives had to eat grass and roots, which often led to poisoning and death.

The morning began with roll calls, where the prisoners had to stand for several hours and hope that they would not be recognized as unfit for work, because in this case they were subjected to immediate destruction. Then they went to places of exhausting work - buildings, factories and factories, to agriculture (people were harnessed instead of bulls and horses). The efficiency of their work was quite low: a hungry, exhausted person is simply not able to do the job well. Therefore, the prisoner worked for 3-4 months, after which he was sent to the crematorium or gas chamber, and a new one came in his place. Thus, a continuous conveyor of labor was established, which fully satisfied the interests of the Nazis. Only now, the phrase “Arbit macht frei” (from German “work leads to freedom”) carved on the gate was completely meaningless - work here only led to inevitable death.

But this fate was not the most terrible. It was harder for everyone who fell under the knife of the so-called doctors who practiced chilling medical experiments. It should be noted that the operations were carried out without painkillers, the wounds were not treated, which, of course, led to a painful death. The value of human life - childish or adult - was equal to zero, meaningless and severe suffering was not taken into account. The effects of chemicals on the human body were studied. The latest pharmaceutical preparations were tested. Prisoners were artificially infected with malaria, hepatitis and other dangerous diseases as an experiment. Castration of men and sterilization of women, especially young women, was often carried out, accompanied by the removal of the ovaries (mostly Jews and gypsies fell under these terrible experiments). Such painful operations were carried out to realize one of the main goals of the Nazis - to stop childbearing among peoples objectionable to the Nazi regime.

The key figures in the course of these mockeries of the human body were the leaders of the experiments, Karl Cauberg and Josef Mengel, the latter, from the memories of the survivors, was a polite and courteous man, which terrified the prisoners even more.

After getting into Silaspils, the babies were almost immediately separated from their mothers. These were painful scenes, full of despair and pain of distraught mothers - it was obvious to everyone that they were seeing each other for the last time. Women tightly clung to their children, screamed, fought, some turned gray in front of their eyes ...

Then what is happening is difficult to describe in words - they dealt so ruthlessly with both adults and children. They were beaten, starved, tortured, shot, poisoned, killed in gas chambers,

performed surgical operations without anesthesia, injected dangerous substances. Blood was drained from children's veins, then used for wounded SS officers. The number of child donors reaches 12 thousand. It should be noted that 1.5 liters of blood was taken from a child daily - it is not surprising that the death of a small donor occurred quite quickly.

To save ammo, the camp charter ordered children to be killed with rifle butts. Children under 6 years old were placed in a separate hut, infected with measles, and then they did something that is absolutely impossible with this disease - they bathed them. The disease progressed, after which they died within two to three days. So, in one year, about 3 thousand people were killed.

Sometimes children were sold to farm owners for the price of 9-15 marks. The weakest, not suitable for labor use, and as a result, not bought, were simply shot.

Children were kept in appalling conditions. From the memoirs of a boy who miraculously survived: “Children in the orphanage went to bed very early, hoping in a dream to forget from eternal hunger and illness. There were so many lice and fleas that even now, remembering those horrors, the hair stands on end. Every evening I undressed my sister and took off handfuls of these creatures, but there were a lot of them in all the seams and stitches of clothes.

Now in that place, saturated with children's blood, there is a memorial complex that reminded us of those terrible events.

Dachau

The Dachau camp, one of the first concentration camps in Germany, was founded in 1933. in Dachau, located near Munich. More than 250,000 people were hostages at Dachau. people, tortured or killed about 70 thousand. people (12 thousand were Soviet citizens). It should be noted that this camp needed mostly healthy and young victims aged 20-45, but there were other age groups.

Initially, the camp was created for the "re-education" of the opposition to the Nazi regime. Soon it turned into a platform for working out punishments, cruel experiments, protected from prying eyes. One of the areas of medical experiments was the creation of a super-warrior (this was Hitler's idea long before the start of World War II), so special attention was paid to research into the capabilities of the human body.

It is hard to imagine what kind of torment the prisoners of Dachau had to go through when they fell into the hands of K. Schilling and Z. Rascher. The first infected with malaria and then carried out the treatment, most of which was unsuccessful, leading to death. Another passion of his was freezing people. They were left in the cold for tens of hours, doused with cold water or immersed in it. Naturally, all this was carried out without anesthesia - it was considered too expensive. True, sometimes narcotic drugs were still used as an anesthetic. However, this was not done out of humane considerations, but in order to maintain the secrecy of the process: the subjects screamed too loudly.

Unthinkable experiments were also carried out on the "warming" of frozen bodies through sexual intercourse using captive women.

Dr. Ruscher specialized in modeling extreme conditions and establishing human endurance. He placed the prisoners in a pressure chamber, changed the pressure and loads. As a rule, the unfortunate died from torture, the survivors went crazy.

In addition, the situation of a person getting into the sea was simulated. People were placed in a special chamber and given only salt water for 5 days.

So that you can understand how cynical the attitude of the doctors towards the prisoners in the Dachau camp was, try to imagine the following. The skin was removed from the corpses to make saddles and clothing items from them. The corpses were boiled, the skeletons were removed and used as models, visual aids. For such a mockery of human bodies, entire blocks with the necessary installations were created.

Dachau was liberated by American troops in April 1945.

Majdanek

This death camp is located near the Polish city of Lublin. Its prisoners were mostly prisoners of war transferred from other concentration camps.

According to official statistics, 1 million 500 thousand prisoners became victims of Majdanek, of which 300 thousand died. However, at present, the exposition of the State Museum of Majdanek provides completely different data: the number of prisoners has decreased to 150 thousand, killed - 80 thousand.

The mass extermination of people in the camp began in the autumn of 1942. At the same time, an action striking in its cruelty was carried out.

with the cynical name "Erntefes", which is translated from it. means "harvest festival". All Jews were herded into one place and ordered to lie down along the moat according to the principle of tiles, then the SS men shot the unfortunate ones with a shot in the back of the head. After a layer of people was killed, the SS again forced the Jews to fit into the ditch and fired - and so on until the three-meter trench was filled with corpses. The mass murder was accompanied by loud music, which was quite in the spirit of the SS.

From the story of a former prisoner of the concentration camp, who, while still a boy, fell into the walls of Majdanek:

“The Germans loved both cleanliness and order. Daisies bloomed around the camp. And in the same way - cleanly and neatly - the Germans destroyed us.

“When we were fed in our barracks, they gave us rotten gruel - then all the food bowls were covered with a thick layer of human saliva - the children licked these bowls several times.”

“The Germans began to take the children away from the Jews, allegedly in a bathhouse. But parents are hard to fool. They knew that children were taken in order to be burned alive in a crematorium. Over the camp there was a loud cry and crying. Shots were heard, dogs barking. Until now, the heart is torn from our complete helplessness and defenselessness. Many Jewish mothers were poured with water - they fainted. The Germans took the children away, and then a heavy smell of burnt hair, bones, and the human body hung over the camp for a long time. The children were burned alive."

« In the afternoon, grandfather Petya was at work. They worked with a pick - they mined limestone. In the evening they were driven. We saw how they were lined up in a column and in turn forced to lie down on the table. They were beaten with sticks. Then they were forced to run a long distance. Those who fell while running were shot on the spot by the Nazis. And so every evening. Why they were beaten, what they were guilty of, we did not know.”

“And the day of parting has come. They drove the column with mom. Here mom is already at the checkpoint, now - on the highway behind the checkpoint - mom is leaving. I see everything - she waves her yellow handkerchief at me. My heart was breaking. I shouted at the entire Majdanek camp. In order to somehow calm me down, a young German woman in military uniform took me in her arms and began to calm me down. I kept screaming. I beat her with my little, childish legs. The German woman took pity on me and only stroked my head with her hand. Of course, the heart of any woman will tremble, be it a German.”

Treblinka

Treblinka - two concentration camps (Treblinka 1 - "labor camp" and Treblinka 2 - "death camp") in the territory of occupied Poland, near the village of Treblinka. About 10,000 people were killed in the first camp. people, in the second - about 800 thousand. 99.5% of those killed were Jews from Poland, about 2 thousand - gypsies.

From the memoirs of Samuel Willenberg:

“In the pit were the remains of bodies that had not yet been consumed by the fire lit underneath them. The remains of men, women and small children. This picture just paralyzed me. I heard burning hair crackle and bones burst. There was acrid smoke in my nose, tears welled up in my eyes ... How can I describe and express it? There are things that I remember, but they cannot be expressed in words.

“One day I came across something familiar. Brown children's coat with a bright green trim on the sleeves. Exactly the same green cloth my mother put on my younger sister Tamara's little coat. It was hard to go wrong. Nearby was a skirt with flowers - my elder sister Itta. Both of them disappeared somewhere in Częstochowa before we were taken away. I kept hoping they were saved. Then I realized that it wasn't. I remember how I held these things and compressed my lips from helplessness and hatred. Then I wiped my face. It was dry. I couldn't even cry anymore."

Treblinka II was liquidated in the summer of 1943, Treblinka I - in July 1944, when the Soviet troops approached.

Ravensbrück

The Ravensbrück camp was founded near the city of Furstenberg in 1938. In 1939-1945. 132,000 women and several hundred children of over 40 nationalities passed through the death camp. 93 thousand people were killed.

Monument to the women and children who died in the Ravensbrück camp

Here is what one of the prisoners Blanca Rothschild recalls about her arrival at the camp.

In order to prove that the "king is naked" it is not at all necessary to be a professional tailor. It is enough to have eyes and not be afraid to think at least a little. After repeatedly rewriting history, and trumping with abstruse statistical techniques that “prove” anything, people no longer believe anything. Therefore, I will not bore the reader with statistical calculations, but simply turn to common sense.

Speaking about the repressions that took place in the Stalin years, anti-Soviet propaganda claims the following:

• The fascists destroyed foreign peoples, and the communists - their own;
• 20 million killed in the war with the Germans, twenty - in the war with their own people;
• 10 million people were shot;
• 40, 50, 60 up to 120 (!) Millions passed through the camps;
• Almost all those arrested were innocent - they were imprisoned on the grounds that the mother plucked 5 spikelets in the field for hungry children or took away a spool of thread from production and received 10 years for it;
• Almost all those arrested were driven to camps for the construction of canals and logging, where most of the prisoners died;
• Even the most notorious "fun people" admit that there were no "mass repressions" somewhere before 33-35, and they ended in 1953, that is, taking into account the War, the mentioned events took place in 15-20 years;
• When asked why the people did not rise up when they were exterminated, they usually answer: "The people did not know this." At the same time, the fact that the people did not suspect the scale of the repressions is confirmed not only by almost all the people who lived at that time, but also by numerous written sources.

In this regard, it makes sense to note several important questions to which there are not only intelligible, but generally no answers.

Where did such an incredible number of prisoners come from? After all, 40 million prisoners are the population of the then Ukraine and Belarus taken together, or the entire population of France, or the entire urban population of the USSR of those years. The fact of the arrest and transportation of thousands of Ingush and Chechens was noted by contemporaries of the deportation as a shocking event, and this is understandable. Why was the arrest and transportation of many times more people not noted by eyewitnesses? During the famous "evacuation to the east" in 41-42. 10 million people were transported to the deep rear. The evacuees lived in schools, makeshift houses, families, anywhere. This fact is remembered by the entire older generation. It was 10 million, how about 40 and even more so 50, 60 and so on? After all, at least 2-3 million people were to be arrested and transported somewhere a year, and these people also had to accumulate somewhere?

Almost all eyewitnesses of those years note the mass movement and work on the construction sites of captured Germans, they could not be overlooked. The people still remember that, for example, "captured Germans built this road." There were about 3 million prisoners on the territory of the USSR, this is a lot, and it is impossible not to notice the fact of the activities of such a large number of people. What can be said about the number of "convicts" in about 10-20 times more? Only that the very fact of moving and working at construction sites of such an incredible number of prisoners should simply shock the population of the USSR. This fact would be passed from mouth to mouth even decades later. Was it? No.

How to transport such a huge number of people to remote areas off-road, and what kind of transport available in those years was used? Large-scale construction of roads in Siberia and the North began much later. The movement of huge multi-million (!) human masses in the taiga and without roads is generally unrealistic - there is no way to supply them during a many-day journey.

Where were the prisoners placed? It is assumed that in the barracks, hardly anyone will build skyscrapers for prisoners in the taiga. However, even a large barracks cannot accommodate more people than an ordinary five-story building, which is why they build multi-story buildings, and 40 million are 10 cities the size of Moscow at that time. Inevitably, traces of gigantic settlements were to remain. Where are they? Nowhere. If, however, such a number of prisoners are scattered across a huge number of small camps located in hard-to-reach sparsely populated areas, then it will be impossible to supply them. In addition, transport costs, taking into account off-road conditions, will become unimaginable. If they are placed close to roads and large settlements, then the entire population of the country will immediately know about the huge number of prisoners. Indeed, around the cities there should be a large number of very specific structures that cannot be overlooked or confused with anything else.

The famous White Sea Canal was built by 150,000 prisoners, the Kirov hydroelectric complex by 90,000. The whole country knew that these facilities were built by prisoners. And these numbers are nothing compared to tens of millions. Tens of millions of "prisoner slaves" were to leave behind truly cyclopean buildings. Where are these structures and what are they called? Questions that will not be answered can be continued.

How were such huge masses of people supplied in remote, difficult-to-pass areas? Even if we assume that the prisoners were fed according to the norms of besieged Leningrad, this means that at least 5 million kilograms of bread a day, 5,000 tons, is needed to supply the prisoners. And this is assuming that the guards do not eat or drink anything and do not need weapons and uniforms at all.

Probably everyone has seen photographs of the famous "Road of Life" - one and a half and three-ton trucks go one after another in an endless line - practically the only vehicle of those years outside the railways (it makes no sense to consider horses as a vehicle for such transportation). The population of besieged Leningrad was about 2 million people. The road through Lake Ladoga is about 60 kilometers, but the delivery of goods even over such a short distance has become a serious problem. And the point here is not the German bombing - the Germans did not manage to interrupt the supply for a day. The trouble is that the capacity of the country road (which was essentially the Road of Life) is small. How do supporters of the “mass repressions” hypothesis imagine supplying 10-20 cities the size of Leningrad, located hundreds and thousands of kilometers from the nearest roads? How were the products of the labor of so many prisoners exported, and what kind of transport available at that time was used for this? You can not wait for answers - they will not.

Who arrested such a monstrous number of people and how many “opers” were required for this, because, simply speaking, when guarding, one guards five, and when arrested, on the contrary, five must “take” one?

Where were the detainees located? Detainees are rarely kept together with those serving their sentences; for this purpose, there are special pre-trial detention centers. It is impossible to keep those arrested in ordinary buildings - special conditions are needed, therefore, in each city, a large number of remand prisons, designed for tens of thousands of prisoners each, had to be built. These were supposed to be structures of monstrous proportions, because even the famous Butyrka contained a maximum of 7,000 prisoners. Even if we assume that the population of the USSR was stricken with sudden blindness and did not notice the construction of gigantic prisons, then a prison is such a thing that you cannot hide and imperceptibly change it into other structures. Where did they go after Stalin? After the Pinochet coup, 30 thousand arrested people had to be placed in stadiums. By the way, the very fact of this was immediately noticed by the whole world. What about millions?

To the question: “Where are the mass graves of the innocently killed in which millions of people are buried?”, You will not hear any intelligible answer at all. After the perestroika hysteria, it would have been natural to open secret places for the mass burial of millions of victims, obelisks and monuments should have been erected in these places, but there is nothing of this in sight. In principle, it is impossible to hide the fact of massacres and burials of such a scale. For example, the burial in Babi Yar is now known to the whole world, and all of Ukraine immediately learned about this fact of the mass extermination of Soviet people by the Nazis. According to various estimates, from seventy to two hundred thousand people were killed there. It is clear that if it was not possible to hide the fact of the execution and the burial of such a scale, what can we say about numbers 50-100 times greater?

A very simple illustration: it is reliably known that about 8 million Soviet soldiers died in the War, and in total about 30 million passed through the Soviet Army in those years. In any Soviet family there are close relatives who served in the Soviet Army during the Great Patriotic War, as a rule, even a few. In most families, someone close died at the front. Is there something similar with mass repressions, because the numbers there are noticeably large? Does every family have a shot and a few "planted"? It's even funny to say.

And it turns out that most of the current and perestroika propaganda is an outright lie. And they talk about it as the ultimate truth - whoever dares to object is anathematized. Better yet, shut his mouth, and preferably from tank guns.
But in fact, many archival documents have long been known, put into circulation, but they are hated by all kinds of kortiches, posners, Svanidzes, Mlechins, priests and Afanasyevs, since they do not leave stone unturned from all the heap of lies that they have erected in recent decades. They would gladly destroy all these archives.

However, as Comrade Stalin said, "facts are stubborn things." So let's get down to the facts.

It must be said right away that there can be no talk of any hundreds of millions of prisoners. This is all the fruit of the inflamed imagination of all sorts of different Nobel laureates and "architects" of disasters.

In reality, the figures were much more modest. Any conscientious modern researcher can easily find all the data in open archives, primarily in the State Archives of the Russian Federation, for example, fund 9414, op. 1, d. 1155, 1935-1940 or fund 5446, op. 11, d. 1310, etc. It cannot be said that these figures are some kind of revelation. Since 1990, such data have been presented in a number of publications. For example, in the article by L. Ivashov and A. Emelin, published in 1991, in the book by V. Nekrasov “Thirteen Iron People's Commissars”, in the data provided by A. Kokurin and N. Petrov (especially indicative, since both authors are associated with society "Memorial", and N. Petrov is even an employee of "Memorial"). You can also recommend the fundamental reference book recently published by Memorial: “The system of forced labor camps in the USSR, 1923-1960”, M., 1998. So, to summarize - for the entire period of Stalin's rule, the number of prisoners who are simultaneously in places of deprivation of liberty, never exceeded 2 million 760 thousand (naturally, not counting German, Japanese and other prisoners of war). Thus, there can be no talk of any “tens of millions of Gulag prisoners”.

Now a few words about the total number of those who were in places of detention under Stalin. Most of the Gulag prisoners were sentenced to more than a year. In addition, many inhabitants of the Gulag were its "regulars", regularly returning to places of detention after a short stay at large. However, to a certain extent, the following note allows us to estimate the number of those who passed through the Gulag:
August 6, 1955

Head of the Gulag of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, Major General Egorov S.E.
In total, the Gulag units store 11 million units of archival materials, of which 9.5 million are the personal files of prisoners.
Major Podymov, head of the secretariat of the Gulag of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR.

Thus, the total number of prisoners actually passed through the Gulag is about 9.5 million people. Of these, according to the 58th article - 2634397 people. (27.73%),

It is fundamentally wrong to believe that the majority of those who were imprisoned under Stalin were "victims of political repression" - for example, the number of people convicted of counter-revolutionary and other especially dangerous crimes against the state. Now let's see what percentage of the "repressed" were from the total number of inhabitants of the Gulag. Among the prisoners held in the Gulag camps, the majority were criminals, and as a rule, less than 1/3 were "repressed". The exception is the years 1944-1948, when this category - "repressed" - received a worthy replenishment in the person of Vlasov, policemen, elders, Nazi punishers and other "fighters against communist tyranny", the spiritual predecessors of the current reformers, whom they mourn, by and large . Even less was the percentage of "political" in corrective labor colonies.

A common place has become the "crying of Yaroslavna" of the current liberals for the "tens of millions of victims" who allegedly perished in the Gulag. Tirelessly stigmatize the bloody past, tirelessly go to grieve to all kinds of stones. How was it in practice? The available archival documents make it possible to shed light on this issue as well.

Mortality in the colonies on the eve of the war was lower than in the camps. For example, in 1939 it was 2.30%.

Thus, as the facts testify, contrary to the assurances of the "denunciators", the death rate of prisoners under Stalin was kept at a very low level. However, during the war, the situation of the Gulag prisoners worsened. Nutritional rations were significantly reduced, which immediately led to a sharp increase in mortality. By 1944, the food rations of Gulag prisoners were slightly increased: for bread - by 12%, cereals - 24%, meat and fish - 40%, fats - 28% and vegetables - by 22%, after which the death rate began to noticeably decrease . But even after that, nutritional rations still remained about 30% lower in calories than pre-war nutritional rations.

Nevertheless, even in the most difficult years of 1942 and 1943, the death rate of prisoners was about 20% per year in camps and about 10% per year in prisons, and not 10% per month, as, for example, Solzhenitsyn claims. By the beginning of the 1950s, in the camps and colonies, it fell below 1% per year, and in prisons - below 0.5%.

If we discard the abnormal mortality of 1942-1943, due to the hardships of the war, we get that 777,091 people died in camps, colonies and prisons over 20 years. or an average of 38,855 people per year.

Think, reader! THESE FIGURES ARE COMPARABLE WITH THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE ANNUALLY DIE ON THE ROADS OF THE PRESENT EREFIA IN A RTA!!! It turns out that the current erephia is akin to the Stalinist Gulag in terms of the death rate on the roads.

Another of the stereotypes, annoyingly introduced into the public consciousness, was the myth about the fate of Soviet prisoners of war after their release from German captivity. "Democratic" historians and publicists paint a kind of heartbreaking picture of how former Soviet soldiers released from German concentration camps, almost without exception, were sent to the Kolyma camps, or at least to penal battalions.

In fact, elementary common sense suggests that servicemen who have returned from captivity should be subjected to verification by counterintelligence agencies, if only because there are a certain number of enemy agents among them. The Germans actively used this channel to send their agents. Thus, the creation at the end of 1941, by order of the People's Commissar of Defense No. 0521, of filtration camps to check those released from captivity was an urgent need.

Not only former prisoners of war were tested in these special camps. The contingent arriving there was divided into three accounting groups:
1st - prisoners of war and encirclement;
2nd - ordinary policemen, village elders and other civilians suspected of treasonous activities;
3rd - civilians of military age who lived in the territory occupied by the enemy.

But maybe, from the filtration camps, the former prisoners were really driven en masse to Kolyma? Let us consider the archive data published on this topic.

According to information cited by Memorial employees A. Kokurin and N. Petrov in the Svobodnaya Mysl magazine, as of March 1, 1944, 312,594 former Red Army servicemen who had been captured or surrounded were tested through the NKVD. 75.1% of the former prisoners successfully passed the test and were sent to the army, some to the national economy, some for treatment. Another 0.6% died, which is not surprising given the living conditions in the German concentration camps from which they were released. Only 6.2% were repressed (arrested or sent to penal battalions).
The fate of former prisoners of war who were tested before October 1, 1944 is also indicative. Among the privates and sergeants, more than 95% (or 19 out of every 20) of former prisoners of war were successfully tested. The situation was somewhat different with the officers who had been captured. Less than 3% of them were arrested, but from the summer of 1943 to the autumn of 1944, a significant proportion was sent as privates and sergeants to assault battalions. And this is quite understandable and justified - there is more demand from an officer than from a private.

And in November 1944, the State Defense Committee adopted a resolution according to which the released prisoners of war and Soviet citizens of military age, until the end of the war, were sent directly to the reserve military units, bypassing the special camps. Among them were more than 83 thousand officers. Of these, after verification, 56,160 people were dismissed from the army, more than 10 thousand were sent to the troops, 1,567 were deprived of officer ranks and demoted to privates, 15,241 were transferred to privates and sergeants with the preservation of military ranks.

After the end of the war, the mass release of Soviet prisoners of war and civilians who had been deported to forced labor in Germany and other countries began. The current "liberal" publicists, with screams and groans in a crowd, sent all of them to Kolyma, to the Gulag. In fact, according to the directive of the Headquarters No. 11086 of May 11, 1945, 100 camps were organized by the People's Commissariat of Defense to receive repatriated Soviet citizens liberated by the Allied forces. In addition, there were 46 collection points for the reception of Soviet citizens liberated by Soviet troops.

On May 22, 1945, the GKO adopted a resolution in which, at the initiative of L.P. Beria, a 10-day period for registration and verification of repatriates was established, after which civilians were to be sent to their place of permanent residence, and military personnel to spare parts. However, due to the massive influx of repatriates, the 10-day period turned out to be unrealistic and was increased to one or two months.

The final results of the check of Soviet prisoners of war and civilians released after the war are as follows. By March 1, 1946, 4,199,488 Soviet citizens (2,660,013 civilians and 1,539,475 prisoners of war) were repatriated, of which 1,846,802 came from the zones of operation of Soviet troops abroad and 2,352,686 were received from Anglo-Americans and arrived from other countries. Thus, of the prisoners of war released after the end of the war, only 14.69% were repressed. As a rule, these were Vlasovites and other accomplices of the invaders. Thus, according to the instructions given to the heads of the inspection bodies, the following were subject to arrest and trial from among the repatriates:

- the leading and commanding staff of the police, "people's guard", "people's militia", "Russian liberation army", national legions and other similar organizations;
- Ordinary police officers and ordinary members of the listed organizations who took part in punitive expeditions or were active in the performance of their duties;
- former Red Army soldiers who voluntarily went over to the side of the enemy;
- burgomasters, major fascist officials, employees of the Gestapo and other German punitive and intelligence agencies;
- village elders, who were active accomplices of the invaders.

What was the further fate of these "freedom fighters" who fell into the hands of the NKVD, who for today's liberals are the color of the nation, the true "innocent victims of repression"? Most of them were declared that they deserved the most severe punishment, but, in connection with the victory over Germany, the Soviet government showed them leniency, freeing them from criminal liability for treason, and limited themselves to sending them to a special settlement for a period of six years.

Such a manifestation of humanism was a complete surprise for the accomplices of the Nazis. Here is a typical episode. On November 6, 1944, two British ships arrived in Murmansk, carrying 9,907 former Soviet servicemen who fought in the ranks of the German army against the Anglo-American troops and were taken prisoner by them. According to Article 193 of the then Criminal Code of the RSFSR, only one punishment was provided for the transfer of military personnel to the side of the enemy in wartime - the death penalty with confiscation of property. Therefore, many "passengers" expected to be shot immediately on the Murmansk pier. However, official Soviet representatives explained that the Soviet government had forgiven them, and that not only would they not be shot, but that they would generally be exempted from criminal liability for treason. For more than a year, these people were tested in the NKVD special camp, and then they were sent to a 6-year special settlement. In 1952, most of them were released, moreover, their profiles did not show any criminal record, and the time spent working in the special settlement was included in the length of service. But in 1992, these prisoners of war were “shot from machine guns right in the port” by the notorious director Govorukhin in his opus “The Russia We Lost”. Feel the difference, as they say.

In total in 1946-1947. 148,079 Vlasovites and other accomplices of the invaders were sent to the special settlement. As of January 1, 1953, 56,746 Vlasovites remained in the special settlement, 93,446 were released in 1951-1952. upon expiration of the term.

As for the accomplices of the invaders, who stained themselves with specific crimes, they were sent to the Gulag camps.
A few words should also be said about former Soviet prisoners of war enrolled in worker battalions. Many unscrupulous researchers and publicists include them in the category of the repressed. Meanwhile, this is absolutely not true.

In 1945, after the Red Army soldiers of those ages who were subject to the demobilization order were transferred to the reserve, prisoners of war of the rank and file and sergeants of the corresponding ages were also released to their homes. It is quite natural and fair that the rest of the prisoners of war, whose peers continued to serve in the army, should have been reinstated in military service. However, the war was already over, and now the country needed workers, not soldiers. Therefore, in accordance with the GKO decree of August 18, 1945, some of them were enrolled in work battalions.
According to the directive of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR dated July 12, 1946, these battalions, which were an analogue of modern construction battalions, were disbanded, and their personnel received the status of "transferred to permanent industrial personnel." By decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of September 30, 1946, they were fully covered by the current labor legislation, as well as all the rights and benefits enjoyed by workers and employees of the relevant enterprises and construction sites. They retained the status of full-fledged citizens of the USSR, but only without the right to leave the place of work established by the state.

In 1946-1948. servicemen of a number of ages were demobilized from the Red Army. Accordingly, their peers, previously enlisted in the labor battalions, received permission to return to the places where they lived before the war.

Let's summarize. As we could see, of the prisoners of war released during the war, less than 10% were repressed, of those released after the war, less than 15%, and most of the “repressed” fully deserved their fate. There were also innocent victims, but this was the exception to the rule, and by no means the rule.

Thus, the currently available archival documents do not leave stone unturned from many years of lies of liberal windings. Yes, there were repressions, but their scale was much smaller than the sweet-voiced vitias presented to us in hysterics.

Finally, one example. In 1943, in Leningrad, under Article 58, the director and storekeeper of an orphanage were convicted as pests. They stole food from Leningrad orphans. The investigator of the district police department himself came to the NKGB (and since April 1943, the police and state security were divided into the NKVD and the NKGB) and asked to bring these two under Article 58. A policeman who survived two blockade winters could not come to terms with the fact that two bastards whose children were dying would receive only five years for theft and go to a camp on the mainland. And these two bastards who robbed the children of the besieged city are also “innocent victims of mass political repressions”? Although for posners, hogs, Nemtsovs and priests with Afanasievs, this is exactly the question. The "bloody" NKGB attacked people who "know how to live", who know how to snatch everything from life, people with entrepreneurial acumen. And liberals do not care that this "ability to live" was based on the lives of children. The "weak" must go. But the Soviet government did not think so.

Many crocodile tears have been shed over the "outrages of the Soviet occupiers" in the Baltics. At the same time, the Balts are presented as such heavenly lambs, innocent victims of the Asian Bolshevik barbarians. And how was it really?
Back in 1939, the 2nd Bureau of the General Staff of the French Army (French intelligence) stated: “The leaders of Estonia and the senior officers of the Estonian army (especially General I. Laidoner, the second person in the state, for a long time associated with the British), are currently on maintenance of the Germans.

On the eve of the German attack on Poland, Estonian Foreign Minister Carl Selter, talking to a Polish representative, assured him that he personally "would prefer three years of German occupation to two weeks of Soviet domination." A few weeks later, on September 16, 1939, at the request of the German ambassador, the Estonian authorities detained the damaged Polish submarine Orel that had entered the Tallinn port. However, on the night of September 18, her crew managed to disarm the guards and, despite the shelling from the Estonian ships and the coastal battery, withdraw the Eagle from the harbor. As a result, Polish sailors managed to break through to England.

It seems that the role of German lackeys was firmly absorbed into the genetic memory of some of the "hot Estonian guys". As Mart Helme, who was the Estonian ambassador to the Russian Federation from April 1995 to May 1999, recently stated with pride: “In fact, we firmly determined our place in Europe already in 1242, when the leaders of the Estonian people with their soldiers made up most of the German Battle on the Ice against Alexander Nevsky. No comments...

On May 21, 1941, the East Prussian Directorate of German Military Intelligence (Abwehr-2) stated: “The uprisings in the Baltic countries have been prepared, and you can rely on them reliably. The underground insurrectionary movement is progressing in its development to such an extent that it causes certain difficulties to keep its members from premature actions. They were ordered to begin operations only when the German troops, moving forward, approach the appropriate area so that the Russian troops could not neutralize the participants in the uprising.

Under these conditions, given the growing threat of a German military attack, the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR adopted a resolution to cleanse the Baltic republics of unreliable elements. The operation to seize them was carried out on the night of June 13-14, 1941. Its results can be judged from the following document:

“Memorandum of the NKGB of the USSR No. 2288 / M to the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the NKVD of the USSR on the results of the operation to seize the anti-Soviet, criminal and socially dangerous element in Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia on June 17, 1941

The final results of the operation to arrest and deport an anti-Soviet, criminal and socially dangerous element from the Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian SSRs have been summed up.

In Lithuania: 5,664 people were arrested, 10,187 people were evicted, in total 15,851 people were repressed.
In Latvia: 5,625 people were arrested, 9,546 people were evicted, in total 15,171 people were repressed.
In Estonia: 3,178 people were arrested, 5,978 people were evicted, and a total of 9,156 people were repressed.

In total, in all three republics: 14,467 people were arrested, 25,711 people were evicted, and 40,178 people were repressed in total.
Including three republics:

a) active members of counter-revolutionary nationalist organizations were arrested - 5420 people, their family members - 11,038 people were evicted;
b) former guards, gendarmes, policemen, jailers were arrested - 1603 people, their family members - 3240 people were evicted;
c) former large landowners, manufacturers and officials of the former state apparatus of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia were arrested - 3236 people, their family members - 7124 people were evicted;
d) former officers of the Polish, Latvian, Lithuanian, Estonian and White armies, who did not serve in the territorial corps and who had compromising materials, were arrested - 643 people, their family members - 1649 people were evicted;
e) family members of participants in counter-revolutionary organizations sentenced to VMN, arrested - 27 people, evicted - 465 people;
f) persons who arrived from Germany in the order of repatriation, as well as Germans who signed up for repatriation and for various reasons did not leave for Germany, in respect of whom there is compromising material, 56 people were arrested, 105 people were evicted;
g) refugees from the former Poland who refused to accept Soviet citizenship, arrested - 337 people, evicted - 1,330 people:
h) the criminal element was arrested - 2162 people;
i) 760 prostitutes registered with the former police departments of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, who now continue to engage in prostitution, were evicted;
j) former officers of the Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian armies who served in the territorial corps of the Red Army, on which there was compromising material, 933 people were arrested, including: in Lithuania - 285 people, in Latvia - 424 people, in Estonia - 224 people ...".

Today, the events of June 14 are treated in the Baltics as a national tragedy. At the same time, local politicians strive to repeatedly inflate the number of repressed people, and when they are pointed to documentary data, they use demagogy. As, for example, the Estonian ambassador to the Russian Federation, Tiit Matsulevich, in an interview with the Izvestia newspaper: “Probably, it is generally unethical to refer to quantitative indicators. On June 14, 1941, more than 10 thousand people were taken out of our country, and a thousand, for example, or a hundred should be considered, perhaps, a more decent figure? These ten thousand were in fact the elite of the population of the country, which at that time numbered a little over a million inhabitants.

Thus, Mr. Ambassador included not only “guards, gendarmes, policemen, jailers” among the Estonian national elite, but also criminals with prostitutes (see paragraphs “h” and “i” of the memorandum of the NKGB of the USSR). Is it any wonder that on July 11, 2001, just a month after the interview, Matsulevich himself was dismissed in disgrace for embezzling public funds.

Let's remember: why, in fact, the operation that took place on June 14 was started? Is it really in order to cunningly deprive the Balts of their national elite in the person of prostitutes and criminals? Not only. Its main goal was to destroy the fascist underground in the Baltic states. How successfully was this task solved? Let us turn to the evidence of the enemy.

Thus, the former SS officer I. Kazhotsins, in his memoirs published in the émigré magazine “Daugavas vanagu meneshraksts” (1982. No. 3), claims that on June 15, 1941, well-armed groups of an underground organization operating at the VEF plant had to leave in several trucks from Riga on an “excursion” in Vidzeme, to the Madona district, where there was a large underground organization of aizsargs.

Teaming up with them, the saboteurs planned to seize the Madona radio station and call on the inhabitants of Latvia to overthrow the Soviet regime. However, on the night of June 13-14, most of the organizers of the "tourist trip" became victims of deportation. As a result, the capture of the radio station did not take place.

According to a survey compiled by the Latvian Security Police and SD in December 1942, on June 14, about 5,000 persons associated with German agents were arrested and deported.

However, not all Hitler's henchmen managed to be cleaned out.

From the report of the commander of Einsatzgruppe A, SS Brigadeführer Franz Stahläcker on the activities of the group in the occupied regions of Belarus and the Baltic states:

“... Even at the beginning of the eastern campaign, the active national forces of Lithuania united in the so-called partisan formations in order to actively participate in the struggle against Bolshevism. By their own account, they lost 4,000 men.

Four large partisan groups were formed in Kaunas, with which contact was immediately established. The general leadership of the groups was not carried out, but each of them tried to act in the closest possible contact with the Wehrmacht. Since the participation of partisans in hostilities was impossible for political reasons, in a short time, auxiliary units of 300 people were formed from reliable elements of undisciplined partisan groups, the command of which was entrusted to the Lithuanian journalist Klimaitis.

In addition, the Lithuanian security police and criminal police were formed in the very first days. Denauskas, who has a high police rank, was appointed chief of police, and 40 former Lithuanian police officers were initially recruited into the police, most of whom were released from prisons.

The Lithuanian police were formed in a similar way in Vilnius and Siauliai...”

And in Latvia, the anti-Soviet rebels faced a tough rebuff. Here is what the commander of the 5th motorized rifle regiment of the NKVD troops, Colonel Golovko, who arrived in Riga at 6 pm on June 22, 1941, reported on this matter:

“In the city of Riga, hostile elements launched active operations: they caused panic in the rear of the army, demoralized the work of headquarters, government and Soviet institutions, hampered the evacuation of valuables and committed sabotage.

Enemies installed machine guns, machine guns on the bell towers of churches, towers, in attics and in the windows of houses and fired at the streets, buildings of the headquarters of the NWF (North-Western Front - I.P.), TsKLKP (b), SNK, telegraph, railway station and NKVD.

This situation made it necessary to develop the most brutal struggle against the counter-revolutionary element in the city.

I united all the troops of the NKVD of the Riga garrison, organized enhanced security of all important objects, set up posts and pickets on the streets of the city, systematically covered the entire city with patrol detachments. He waged a fierce struggle with the fifth column, for every shot fired from a window, tower or bell tower he answered with machine gun and tank gun fire.

For June 23, 24, 25 this year the activity of the fifth column was suppressed. By order of the head of the NWF security, Major General Comrade Rakutin, 120 captured villains from the fifth column were shot, which was announced to the population with a warning to surrender their weapons.

The actions of the NKVD units paralyzed the activity of the fifth column, made it impossible to carry out the tasks of the fascist masters ... ".

If we apply to this episode the same, so to speak, “legal norms” as to the “Kononov case” fabricated in present-day Latvia, it turns out that General Rakutin and Colonel Golovko committed a clear genocide of the “civilian” population, which peacefully shelled Soviet troops . What scope for creative work of the Latvian Office of Public Prosecutor!

So facts are stubborn things. And when we turn to genuine archival documents, and not Korotichev’s insinuations, a man told me, he has already died, unfortunately, but I know him as a crystal-clearly honest person, and another person who knew a third person told him, and he was sitting with a fourth person and if the fifth person told him, then there is no trace of all this lies. It is a pity that our former rulers did not understand that bitter truth is much better than sweet lies or silence.

January 27, 2015, 15:30

On January 27, the world marks 70 years since the Soviet army liberated the Nazi concentration camp "Auschwitz-Birkenau" (Auschwitz), where from 1941 to 1945, according to official figures, 1.4 million people died, of which about 1.1 million were Jews. The photographs below, published by the Photochronograph publication, show the life and martyrdom of prisoners of Auschwitz and other concentration death camps created in the territory controlled by Nazi Germany.

Some of these photos can be traumatic. Therefore, we ask children and people with unstable mentality to refrain from viewing these photos.

Sending Slovak Jews to the Auschwitz concentration camp.

Arrival of the echelon with new prisoners in the Auschwitz concentration camp.

Arrival of prisoners in the Auschwitz concentration camp. Prisoners are centrally assembled on the platform.

Arrival of prisoners in the Auschwitz concentration camp. The first stage of selection. It was necessary to divide the prisoners into two columns separating men from women and children.

Arrival of prisoners in the Auschwitz concentration camp. The guards form a column of prisoners.

Rabbis in the Auschwitz concentration camp.

Railway tracks leading to the Auschwitz concentration camp.

Registration photographs of children-prisoners of the Auschwitz concentration camp.

Prisoners of the Auschwitz-Monowitz concentration camp at the construction of a chemical plant of the German concern I.G. Farbenindustrie AG

The liberation by Soviet soldiers of the surviving prisoners of the Auschwitz concentration camp.

Soviet soldiers examine children's clothes found in the Auschwitz concentration camp.

A group of children released from the Auschwitz concentration camp (Auschwitz). In total, about 7,500 people, including children, were released in the camp. The Germans managed to take about 50 thousand prisoners from Auschwitz to other camps before the Red Army units approached.

Released children, prisoners of the Auschwitz (Auschwitz) concentration camp, show camp numbers tattooed on their arms.

Liberated children from the Auschwitz concentration camp.

Portrait of prisoners of the Auschwitz concentration camp after it was liberated by Soviet troops.

Aerial photography of the northwestern part of the Auschwitz concentration camp with the main objects of the camp marked: the railway station and the Auschwitz I camp.

Liberated prisoners of the Austrian concentration camp in the American military hospital.

Clothes of concentration camp prisoners abandoned after liberation in April 1945.

American soldiers inspect the site of the mass execution of 250 Polish and French prisoners at a concentration camp near Leipzig on April 19, 1945.

A Ukrainian girl released from a concentration camp in Salzburg, Austria, cooks food on a small stove.

Prisoners of the Flossenburg death camp after being liberated by the US 97th Infantry Division in May 1945. The emaciated prisoner in the center - a 23-year-old Czech - is ill with dysentery. The Flossenburg camp was located in Bavaria near the city of the same name on the border with the Czech Republic. It was created in May 1938. During the existence of the camp, about 96 thousand prisoners passed through it, of which more than 30 thousand died in the camp.

Ampfing concentration camp prisoners after their release.

View of the concentration camp at Grini in Norway.

Soviet prisoners in the Lamsdorf concentration camp (Stalag VIII-B, now the Polish village of Lambinovice).

The bodies of the executed SS guards at the observation tower "B" of the Dachau concentration camp.

Dachau is one of the first concentration camps in Germany. Founded by the Nazis in March 1933. The camp was located in southern Germany, 16 kilometers northwest of Munich. The number of prisoners held at Dachau from 1933 to 1945 exceeds 188,000. The death toll in the main camp and subcamps from January 1940 to May 1945 was at least 28,000.

View of the barracks of the Dachau concentration camp.

Soldiers of the US 45th Infantry Division show the bodies of prisoners in a wagon at the Dachau concentration camp to teenagers from the Hitler Youth.

View of the Buchenwald barracks after the liberation of the camp.

American generals George Patton, Omar Bradley and Dwight Eisenhower in the Ohrdruf concentration camp at the fire, where the Germans burned the bodies of prisoners.

Soviet prisoners of war in the Stalag XVIIIA concentration camp.

The Stalag XVIIIA prisoner of war camp was located near the town of Wolfsberg (Austria). The camp contained approximately 30 thousand people: 10 thousand British and 20 thousand Soviet prisoners. Soviet prisoners were isolated in a separate area and did not intersect with other prisoners. In the English part of the ethnic English, there were only half, about 40 percent - Australians, the rest - Canadians, New Zealanders (including 320 Maori aborigines) and other natives of the colonies. Of the other nations in the camp were the French, downed American pilots. A feature of the camp was the liberal attitude of the administration to the presence of cameras in the British (this did not apply to the Soviets). Thanks to this, an impressive archive of photographs of life in the camp, made from the inside, that is, by the people who were in it, has come down to the present time.

Soviet prisoners of war eating in the Stalag XVIIIA concentration camp.

Soviet prisoners of war near the barbed wire of the Stalag XVIIIA concentration camp.

Soviet prisoners of war at the barracks of the Stalag XVIIIA concentration camp.

British prisoners of war on the stage of the Stalag XVIIIA concentration camp theater.

Captured British corporal Eric Evans with three comrades on the territory of the Stalag XVIIIA concentration camp.

Burnt bodies of prisoners of the Ohrdruf concentration camp. Ohrdruf concentration camp was established in November 1944. During the war years, about 11,700 people died in the camp. Ohrdruf was the first concentration camp to be liberated by the US Army.

Bodies of prisoners of the Buchenwald concentration camp. Buchenwald is one of the largest concentration camps in Germany, located near Weimar in Thuringia. From July 1937 to April 1945, about 250 thousand people were imprisoned in the camp. The number of victims of the camp is estimated at about 56 thousand prisoners.

Women from the SS guards of the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp unload the corpses of prisoners for burial in a mass grave. They were attracted to these works by the allies who liberated the camp. Around the moat is a convoy of English soldiers. Former guards are banned from wearing gloves as a punishment to put them at risk of contracting typhus.

Bergen-Belsen was a Nazi concentration camp located in the province of Hanover (now the territory of Lower Saxony), a mile from the village of Belsen and a few miles southwest of the city of Bergen. There were no gas chambers in the camp. But in 1943-1945, about 50 thousand prisoners died here, more than 35 thousand of them - from typhus a few months before the liberation of the camp. The total number of victims is about 70 thousand prisoners.

Six British prisoners in the Stalag XVIIIA concentration camp.

Soviet prisoners are talking to a German officer in the Stalag XVIIIA concentration camp.

Soviet prisoners of war change clothes in the Stalag XVIIIA concentration camp.

Group photo of allied prisoners (British, Australians and New Zealanders) in the Stalag XVIIIA concentration camp.

Band of captured allies (Australians, British and New Zealanders) on the territory of the Stalag XVIIIA concentration camp.

Captured Allied soldiers play Two Up for cigarettes in the Stalag 383 concentration camp.

Two British prisoners at the wall of the barracks of the Stalag 383 concentration camp.

A German soldier-escort at the Stalag 383 concentration camp market, surrounded by captured allies.

A group photo of allied prisoners in the Stalag 383 concentration camp on Christmas Day 1943.

The barracks of the Vollan concentration camp in the Norwegian city of Trondheim after liberation.

A group of Soviet prisoners of war outside the gates of the Norwegian concentration camp Falstad after liberation. Falstad is a Nazi concentration camp in Norway, located in the village of Ekne near Levanger. Created in September 1941. The number of dead prisoners - more than 200 people.

SS-Oberscharführer Erich Weber on vacation in the commandant's quarters of the Norwegian concentration camp Falstad.

Commandant of the Norwegian concentration camp Falstad, SS Hauptscharführer Karl Denk (left) and SS Oberscharführer Erich Weber (right) in the commandant's room.

Five released prisoners of the Falstad concentration camp at the gate.

Prisoners of the Norwegian concentration camp Falstad (Falstad) on vacation during a break between work in the field.

SS Oberscharführer Erich Weber, an employee of the Falstad concentration camp.

SS non-commissioned officers K. Denk, E. Weber and Luftwaffe sergeant R. Weber with two women in the commandant's office of the Norwegian concentration camp Falstad.

An employee of the Norwegian concentration camp Falstad SS Obersturmführer Erich Weber in the kitchen of the commandant's house.

Soviet, Norwegian and Yugoslav prisoners of the Falstad concentration camp on vacation at the logging site.

The head of the women's block of the Norwegian concentration camp Falstad (Falstad) Maria Robbe (Maria Robbe) with the police at the gates of the camp.

A group of Soviet prisoners of war on the territory of the Norwegian concentration camp Falstad after liberation.

Seven guards of the Norwegian concentration camp Falstad (Falstad) at the main gate.

Panorama of the Norwegian concentration camp Falstad (Falstad) after the liberation.

Black French prisoners in the Frontstalag 155 camp in the village of Lonvik.

Black French prisoners wash clothes at the Frontstalag 155 camp in the village of Lonvik.

Members of the Warsaw Uprising from the Home Army in the barracks of a concentration camp near the German village of Oberlangen.

The body of a shot SS guard in a canal near the Dachau concentration camp.

Two American soldiers and a former prisoner fish the body of a shot SS guard from a canal near the Dachau concentration camp.

A column of prisoners of the Norwegian concentration camp Falstad (Falstad) passes in the courtyard of the main building.

An emaciated Hungarian prisoner released from the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.

A liberated prisoner of the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp who fell ill with typhus in one of the camp barracks.

Prisoners demonstrate the process of destroying corpses in the crematorium of the Dachau concentration camp.

Red Army prisoners who died of hunger and cold. The POW camp was located in the village of Bolshaya Rossoshka near Stalingrad.

Body of Ohrdruf concentration camp guard killed by prisoners or American soldiers.

Prisoners in the barracks of the Ebensee concentration camp.

Irma Grese and Josef Kramer in the prison yard of the German city of Celle. The head of the labor service of the women's unit of the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp - Irma Grese (Irma Grese) and his commandant SS Hauptsturmführer (captain) Josef Kramer under British escort in the courtyard of the prison in Celle, Germany.

Girl prisoner of the Croatian concentration camp Jasenovac.

Soviet prisoners of war while carrying building elements for the barracks of the camp "Stalag 304" Zeithain.

Surrendered SS-Untersturmführer Heinrich Wicker (Heinrich Wicker, later shot by American soldiers) at the car with the bodies of prisoners of the Dachau concentration camp. In the photo, second from the left is Victor Mairer, a representative of the Red Cross.

A man in civilian clothes stands near the bodies of prisoners of the Buchenwald concentration camp.
In the background, Christmas wreaths hang near the windows.

Released from captivity, the British and Americans are on the territory of the prisoner of war camp Dulag-Luft in Wetzlar, Germany.

Released prisoners from the Nordhausen death camp sit on the porch.

Prisoners of the concentration camp Gardelegen (Gardelegen), killed by guards shortly before the liberation of the camp.

In the back of the trailer - the corpses of prisoners of the Buchenwald concentration camp, prepared for burning in the crematorium.

American generals (from right to left) Dwight Eisenhower, Omar Bradley and George Patton watch a demonstration of one of the methods of torture in the Gotha concentration camp.

Mountains of clothes of prisoners of the Dachau concentration camp.

A released seven-year-old prisoner of the Buchenwald concentration camp in line before being sent to Switzerland.

Prisoners of the concentration camp Sachsenhausen (Sachsenhausen) on the line.

The Sachsenhausen camp was located near the city of Oranienburg in Germany. Created in July 1936. The number of prisoners in different years reached 60 thousand people. On the territory of Sachsenhausen, according to some sources, more than 100 thousand prisoners died in various ways.

A Soviet prisoner of war released from the Saltfjellet concentration camp in Norway.

Soviet prisoners of war in a barracks after their release from the Saltfjellet concentration camp in Norway.

A Soviet prisoner of war leaves a barrack at the Saltfjellet concentration camp in Norway.

Women liberated by the Red Army from the Ravensbrück concentration camp, located 90 kilometers north of Berlin. Ravensbrück is a concentration camp of the Third Reich, located in northeastern Germany, 90 kilometers north of Berlin. It existed from May 1939 until the end of April 1945. The largest Nazi concentration camp for women. The number of registered prisoners for the entire period of its existence amounted to more than 130 thousand people. According to official figures, 90 thousand prisoners died here.

German officers and civilians walk past a group of Soviet prisoners during an inspection of a concentration camp.

Soviet prisoners of war in the camp in the ranks during verification.

Captured Soviet soldiers in the camp at the beginning of the war.

Captured Red Army soldiers enter the camp barracks.

Four Polish prisoners of the Oberlangen concentration camp (Oberlangen, Stalag VI C) after their liberation. Women were among the capitulated Warsaw insurgents.

The orchestra of prisoners of the Yanovsky concentration camp performs the "Tango of Death". On the eve of the liberation of Lvov by the Red Army, the Germans lined up a circle of 40 people from the orchestra. The camp guards surrounded the musicians in a tight ring and ordered them to play. First, the conductor of the Mund orchestra was executed, then, by order of the commandant, each orchestra member went to the center of the circle, laid his instrument on the ground and stripped naked, after which he was shot in the head.

The Ustaše execute prisoners at the Jasenovac concentration camp. Jasenovac is a system of death camps established by the Ustaše (Croatian Nazis) in August 1941. It was located on the territory of the Independent Croatian State, which collaborated with Nazi Germany, 60 kilometers from Zagreb. There is no consensus on the number of victims of Jasenovac. While the official Yugoslav authorities during the existence of this state supported the version of 840 thousand victims, according to the estimates of the Croatian historian Vladimir Zheryavic, their number was 83 thousand, the Serbian historian Bogoljub Kochovich - 70 thousand. The Jasenovac Memorial Museum contains information about 75,159 victims, and the Holocaust Memorial Museum speaks of 56-97 thousand victims.

Soviet child prisoners of the 6th Finnish concentration camp in Petrozavodsk. During the occupation of Soviet Karelia by the Finns, six concentration camps were created in Petrozavodsk to contain local Russian-speaking residents. Camp No. 6 was located in the area of ​​the Transshipment Exchange, it held 7,000 people.

A Jewish woman with her daughter after being released from a German labor camp.

The corpses of Soviet citizens found on the territory of the Nazi concentration camp in Darnitsa. Kyiv region, November 1943.

General Eisenhower and other American officers look at the executed prisoners of the Ohrdruf concentration camp.

The dead prisoners of the Ohrdruf concentration camp.

Representatives of the prosecutor's office of the Estonian SSR at the bodies of the dead prisoners of the Klooga concentration camp. The Klooga concentration camp was located in Harju County, Keila Volost (35 kilometers from Tallinn).

Soviet child next to the murdered mother. Concentration camp for the civilian population "Ozarichi". Belarus, the town of Ozarichi, Domanovichsky district, Polesye region.

Soldiers from the 157th US Infantry Regiment shoot SS guards from the German concentration camp Dachau.

Concentration camp inmate Webbelin burst into tears when he learned that he was not included in the first group of prisoners sent to the hospital after release.

Residents of the German city of Weimar in the Buchenwald concentration camp near the bodies of dead prisoners. The Americans brought into the camp the inhabitants of Weimar, located near Buchenwald, most of whom declared that they knew nothing about this camp.

Unknown guard of the Buchenwald concentration camp, beaten and hanged by prisoners.

The guards of the Buchenwald concentration camp beaten by prisoners in a punishment cell on their knees.

An unknown guard of the Buchenwald concentration camp beaten by prisoners.

Soldiers of the medical service of the 20th Corps of the Third US Army at the trailer with the corpses of prisoners of the Buchenwald concentration camp.

The bodies of prisoners who died in the train on the way to the Dachau concentration camp.

Liberated prisoners in one of the barracks of the Ebensee camp, two days after the arrival of the advance elements of the US 80th Infantry Division.

One of the emaciated prisoners of the Ebensee camp basks in the sun. The Ebensee concentration camp was located 40 kilometers from Salzburg (Austria). The camp existed from November 1943 to May 6, 1945. For 18 months, thousands of prisoners passed through it, many of whom died here. The names of 7113 dead in conditions of inhuman detention are known. The total number of victims is more than 8200 people.

Released from the Eselheide camp, Soviet prisoners of war rock an American soldier in their arms.
About 30,000 Soviet prisoners of war died in Ezelheide Camp No. 326; in April 1945, the Red Army soldiers who survived in captivity were liberated by units of the 9th US Army.

French Jews in the Drancy transit camp, before their onward transfer to German concentration camps.

Bergen-Belsen concentration camp guards load the corpses of dead prisoners onto a truck escorted by British soldiers.

Odilo Globocnik (far right) visits the Sobibor extermination camp, which operated from May 15, 1942 to October 15, 1943. About 250,000 Jews were killed here.

The corpse of a prisoner of the Dachau concentration camp, found by Allied soldiers in a railway car near the camp.

Human remains in the Stutthof concentration camp crematorium. Location: near Danzig (now Gdansk, Poland).

Hungarian actress Livia Nador, liberated from the Gusen concentration camp by soldiers of the US 11th Panzer Division in the Linz area, Austria.

A German boy walks along a dirt road, on the side of which lie the corpses of hundreds of prisoners who died in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in Germany.

Arrest of commandant of the Nazi concentration camp Bergen-Belsen Josef Kramer by British troops. Subsequently, he was sentenced to death and hanged on December 13 in the Hameln prison.

Children behind barbed wire in the Buchenwald concentration camp after its release.

Soviet prisoners of war being disinfected in the German POW camp Zeithain.

Prisoners during the roll call in the Buchenwald concentration camp.

Polish Jews are waiting for execution under the protection of German soldiers in a ravine. Presumably from the Belzec or Sobibor camp.

A surviving Buchenwald prisoner drinks water in front of the concentration camp barracks.

British soldiers inspect the crematorium oven at the liberated Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.

The released children-prisoners of Buchenwald come out of the gates of the camp.

German prisoners of war are being escorted through the Majdanek concentration camp. In front of the prisoners, the remains of the prisoners of the death camp lie on the ground, and the crematorium ovens are also visible. The Majdanek death camp was located on the outskirts of the Polish city of Lublin. In total, about 150 thousand prisoners visited here, about 80 thousand were killed, of which 60 thousand were Jews. The mass extermination of people in gas chambers in the camp began in 1942. Carbon monoxide (carbon monoxide) was first used as a poisonous gas, and since April 1942, Zyklon B. Majdanek has been one of the two death camps of the Third Reich where this gas was used (the second is Auschwitz).

Soviet prisoners of war in the Zeithain camp are disinfected before being sent to Belgium.

Mauthausen prisoners look at an SS officer.

Death march from the Dachau concentration camp.

Forced labor prisoners. Quarry "Weiner Graben" in the concentration camp Mauthausen, Austria.

Representatives of the prosecutor's office of the Estonian SSR at the bodies of the dead prisoners of the Klooga concentration camp.

The arrested commandant of the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, Joseph Kramer, in shackles and guarded by an English escort. Nicknamed "Belsen beast", Kramer was convicted by an English court for war crimes and in December 1945 hanged in the prison of Hameln.

Bones of the killed prisoners of the Majdanek concentration camp (Lublin, Poland).

The furnace of the Majdanek concentration camp crematorium (Lublin, Poland). On the left, Lieutenant A.A. Guyvik.

Lieutenant A.A. Guivik holds the remains of prisoners of the Majdanek concentration camp in his hands.

A column of prisoners of the Dachau concentration camp on the march in the suburbs of Munich.

A young man released from the Mauthausen camp.

The corpse of a prisoner of the Leipzig-Tekla concentration camp on barbed wire.

The remains of prisoners in the crematorium of the Buchenwald concentration camp near Weimar.

One of the 150 victims among the prisoners who died in the concentration camp in Gardelegen.

In April 1945, in the Gardelegen concentration camp, the SS drove about 1,100 prisoners into a barn and set it on fire. Some of the victims tried to escape but were shot dead by the guards.

Meeting of the Americans - the liberators of the Mauthausen concentration camp.

Residents of the city of Ludwigslust pass by the bodies of prisoners of the same name concentration camp for prisoners of war. The bodies of the victims were found by members of the US 82nd Airborne Division. The bodies were found in pits in the camp yard and in the interior. By order of the Americans, the civilian population of the area was obliged to come to the camp to get acquainted with the results of the Nazi crimes.

Dora-Mittelbau work camps killed by the Nazis. Dora-Mittelbau (other names: Dora, Nordhausen) - a Nazi concentration camp, was formed on August 28, 1943, 5 kilometers from the city of Nordhausen in Thuringia, Germany, as a division of the already existing Buchenwald camp. For 18 months of existence, 60 thousand prisoners of 21 nationalities passed through the camp, approximately 20 thousand died in custody.

American generals Patton, Bradley, Eisenhower in the Ohrdruf concentration camp at the fire, where the Germans burned the bodies of prisoners.

Soviet prisoners of war liberated by the Americans from a camp near the French town of Sarguemines, bordering Germany.

On the victim's arm is a deep burn from phosphorus. The experiment was to set fire to a mixture of phosphorus and rubber on the skin of a living person.

Liberated prisoners of the Ravensbrück concentration camp.

Liberated prisoners of the Buchenwald concentration camp.

A Soviet prisoner of war, after the complete liberation of the Buchenwald camp by American troops, points to a former guard who brutally beat the prisoners.

SS soldiers lined up on the parade ground of the Plaszow concentration camp.

Former guard of the concentration camp Bergen-Belsen F. Herzog disassembles a pile of corpses of prisoners.

Soviet prisoners of war liberated by the Americans from the camp in Eselheide.

A pile of corpses of prisoners in the crematorium of the Dachau concentration camp.

A pile of corpses of prisoners in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.

The bodies of prisoners of the Lambach concentration camp in the forest before burial.

A French prisoner of the Dora-Mittelbau concentration camp on the floor of a barrack among dead comrades.

Soldiers from the American 42nd Infantry Division at the car with the bodies of the prisoners of the Dachau concentration camp.

Ebensee concentration camp prisoners.

The corpses of prisoners in the courtyard of the Dora-Mittelbau camp.

Prisoners of the German concentration camp Webbelin waiting for medical help.

A prisoner from the Dora-Mittelbau (Nordhausen) camp shows an American soldier the camp crematorium.