Board of Directors of Alexey Mikhailovich (briefly)

Board of Directors of Alexey Mikhailovich (briefly)

It was not for nothing that the Russian Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich was given the nickname The Quietest. It was born of his demonstrative Christian humility in the behavior of the king himself. He was quiet and good-natured, trying to listen to each of his close associates. On the other hand, historians often call the years of this ruler’s reign a “rebellious age.” The decisions and actions that followed them often led to uprisings and riots, which were nevertheless very harshly suppressed.

It was under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich that the process of rapprochement between two cultures (Western European and Russian) began. By his order, the translation into Russian of various foreign books, scientific and historical works is organized.

However, the main result of the reign of this king was the complete transformation into an absolute estate-representative monarchy, as well as the legislative establishment of serfdom as the basis of social and economic life.

The main directions of Alexey Mikhailovich’s policy:

Chronology of the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich:

Main dates of the reign:

· 1632-1634: Smolensk War. The country enters into a war with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, which holds the Smolensk lands and does not recognize Michael’s rights to the throne, considering Vladislav the legitimate king.

· 1634: Peace with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The country returned all the lands taken from it during the hostilities, and Prince Vladislav himself renounced his claims to power in Russia. It was never possible to return the Smolensk territory.

· 1645: the beginning of the Salt Riot, which swept across the country. After this riot, the duty on salt was abolished.

· 1649: new Council Code with new legislative principles. The sole absolute power of the king is established.

· 1653-1655: Patriarch Nikon carries out church reforms.

· 1654: Ukraine becomes part of Russia.

· 1654: War is declared on Poland.

· 1656: Russia declares war on Sweden, but the Russian army soon retreats. In Ukraine, Bogdan Khmelnitsky dies and a new unrest begins, requiring war with Poland. Russia makes peace in Cardissa.

· 1659: The city of Irkutsk is founded.

· 1662: Beginning of the Copper Riot over the issue of copper coins. The revolt worked - copper money was abolished.

· 1666-1667: Church Council takes place to carry out the trial of Nikon. The Patriarch himself considered church power higher than the power of the tsar.

· 1667: The Truce of Andrusovo was concluded with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

· 1670-1671: Revolt of the Cossacks and peasants led by Stepan Razin.

1. The reign of Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov covers the period of 1613–1645 This is one of the difficult periods in the history of the Russian state, associated with restorative processes. Russian society turned out to be not only politically shaken, but also engulfed in social diseases - various forms of social crime due to the paralysis of state power in the previous period.

This period of government itself is characterized as dual power: state power represented by Mikhail Fedorovich and church authority in the person of Patriarch Filaret (his father). This is the only case in the history of the Russian state when two power institutions organically complemented each other without entering into contradictions.

The tasks at this stage of government were as follows:

1. Restoration of central government - the vertical of political power - the tsar based on the revived Zemsky Councils and the estate-representative monarchy, subject to the regular convening of Zemsky Councils (with the suppression of administrative abuses and the stabilization of the state treasury);

2. Restoration (widespread) of the work of local government bodies through the introduction of the institution of provincial elders, a body that carried out law enforcement practice (aimed at combating theft);

3. The foreign policy line developed in line with the stabilization of relations with Sweden (the Stolbovo Peace Treaty with which was signed in 1617 - Sweden retained the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland, i.e. those territories that were returned to Moscow by Boris Godunov in 1595) and with Poland (the Polish nobility, in their own interests, delayed the resolution of the conflict until 1618, when a truce was signed).

Domestic policy was aimed at extinguishing hotbeds of popular unrest under the leadership of Ataman I. Zarutsky, who established his camp in Astrakhan and tried to raise the Cossacks along the Volga, Don, and Terek to revolt (executed in 1614).

A very conflictual situation in foreign policy, the continued escalation of tensions within the country - all this led the state authorities to take tough measures to create a combat-ready army.

These tasks were aimed at the main idea of ​​government - raising the general well-being of the state.

Thus, the reign of M. F. Romanov was, in general, restorative, stabilizing in nature, as evidenced by attempts to return to the model of government during the reign of Ivan IV and the “Chosen Rada” (pre-Oprichny period), which was based on the principles of rationality and constructiveness.

2. The reign of Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov - 1645 - 1676. – in general, it is characterized as internally unstable, conflicting, and the destructive principle was introduced by both the king himself and his entourage. Alexey Mikhailovich received a nickname that says “The Quietest”: while provoking a conflict situation, he did not interfere in the further course of events, further escalating the situation, extrapolating negative processes in society.

His reign was marked by the creation of a major document in 1648/1649 – « Cathedral Code" - a new set of laws of the Russian state, reflecting changes in the social organization of Russian society that occurred after the Great Troubles. The “Conciliar Code” testified to the final attachment of the peasants to the landowners and the strengthening of absolutism.

In addition, if at the beginning of his reign Alexei Mikhailovich adhered to the practice of convening Zemsky Sobors, then after the annexation Left Bank Ukraine in 1654 Zemsky Sobors ceased to exist, which also confirmed the key idea of ​​government - the absolutization of power.

The features of the reign of the era of Alexei Mikhailovich were numerous riots, in particular:

arose in 1648 salt a riot provoked by the activities of boyar B.I. Morozov to increase the tax on salt;

occurred in 1662 copper riot. In order to replenish the state treasury, boyar Rtishchev developed a project for metal banknotes - minting copper coins, which were the equivalent of a silver ruble. However, due to the lack of proper control over this financial transaction, counterfeit coins have become widespread;

1667 – 1670s marked peasant unrest under the leadership of Stepan Razin, the apogee of which was 1669 - 1671, territorially covering the Volga and Don;

in 1652 – 1660s. happened church schism (1652 - 1653) and the subsequent Old Believer riots (1660s), caused by the activities of Patriarch Nikon to make changes to church rites, rituals, and texts. From the position of true believers, free interpretation of sacred texts and amendments to church canons are unacceptable. The printed word in the spiritual religious understanding should not be subject to changes of time due to the fact that it carries an ethical load and is addressed to Christian values ​​- faith, love, goodness. As a sign of protest against the policies of the official church, followers of the traditions of the Orthodox Christian faith and the Russian Orthodox Church doomed themselves to self-immolation. This is how the Old Believers (a movement of spiritual protest) arose, the ideologists of which were representatives of various strata of society - Abbot Dosifei, the prophet Avvakum, noblewoman Sofya Morozova and her sister Evdokia Urusova, the head of the Streltsy army Andrei Khovansky and his son Ivan, etc.;

and finally, according to the “ladder order” of succession to the throne, the Moscow throne passed from Alexei Mikhailovich to his son Fedor (1676 - 1682), and then to Sophia (1682 - 1689), which intensified the struggle between the Miloslavskys (entourage from the first marriage of Alexei Mikhailovich) and the Naryshkins (entourage from the tsar’s second marriage, into which Peter was born) for possession of the throne, and also provoked Streltsy riots.

Constructive measures under Alexei Mikhailovich’s rule included building trade relations in the context of a policy of protectionism - supporting domestic producers. For this purpose, relevant documents were adopted - the “Trade Charter” of 1653, which fixed a single trade duty; “New Trade Charter” of 1667, prohibiting retail trade for foreigners, establishing a duty on gold and silver of up to 22% of the value of the goods. Trade and market relations were gradually resumed, connections between small local markets were strengthened, the number of urban and rural trades increased, and fairs were developed - Svenskaya Fair (near Bryansk), Lebedyanskaya Fair (in the Lipetsk region), Irbitskaya fair (in the Sverdlovsk region). All this contributed to the formation all-Russian market.

In addition, there has been further development manufacturing - large enterprises based on the division of labor and handcraft technology (in the leather, rope-spinning industries, as well as in the production of salt making, distilling, metalworking, etc.).

Thus, the entire seventeenth century. entered the history of the Russian state as a “rebellious age”, the riots of which intensified and became more violent in the second half of the century.

Methodological guidelines in revealing the topic: features of the reign of Mikhail Romanov; strengthening of absolutism under Alexei Mikhailovich: Council Code of 1649; legal registration of serfdom; copper and salt riots; peasant uprising led by Stepan Razin; Church reform of Patriarch Nikon.

Literature:

1. Klyuchevsky V. O. Selected lectures of the “Course of Russian History” / V. O. Klyuchevsky. – Rostov n/d: Phoenix, 2002. – 672 p.

2. Soloviev S. M. Works: In 18 books. / S. M. Soloviev. – M.: Golos, 1993. – Book. 3. – T. 5, 6.

3. Platonov S.F. Complete course of lectures on Russian history / S.F. Platonov. – St. Petersburg. : Crystal, 2000. – 839 p.

4. History of Russia from ancient times to the end of the 20th century: Textbook. manual for universities /M. M. Gorinov, A. A. Gorsky, A. A. Danilov and others - M.: Bustard, 2000. - 655 p.

5. History of Russia from ancient times to 1861: Textbook / N. I. Pavlenko, I. L. Andreeva, V. B. Kobrin, V. A. Fedorov. – 2nd ed., rev. – M.: Higher. school, 2000. – 559 p.

6. History of Russia from ancient times to the end of the 17th century: Textbook. manual for universities / A. P. Novoseltsev, A. N. Sakharov, V. I. Buganov, V. D. Nazarov. – M.: AST, 2000. – 575 p.

7. Skrynnikov R. T. Cross and Crown. Church and state in Rus'. XI-XVII centuries / R. T. Skrynnikov. – St. Petersburg. : Art, 2002. – 462 p.

8. Tercentenary of the House of Romanov 1613 – 1913. – Reprint. ed. – 1913. – M., 1991.

9. History of Russia. Textbook / ed. A. S. Orlova, N. A. Georgieva. – M.: Prospekt, 2002. – 544 p.

Questions for discussion at the seminar session:

1. Features of the recovery period in the reign of Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov;

2. The reasons for the riots during the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich.

Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, who ascended the throne in 1645, was the second ruler from the House of Romanov and the tenth sovereign in Rus'.

The son grew up surrounded by “mothers,” and his “uncle” was a famous boyar. At the age of thirteen, the Tsarevich is “announced” to the people, and after the death of his father, he ascends to the throne. At first, the state was practically ruled by his mentor, and not by the still young and inexperienced king.

In fact, he began to reign in 1950, he himself reads petitions and other documents, edits important decrees. He signed decrees with his own hand, personally participated in military campaigns, for example, near Vilna, Riga, Smolensk, and led negotiations, which no king had done before him.

Alexey Mikhailovich the Quietest, as the second sovereign was unofficially called in Rus', was very educated and spoke several languages. He was characterized as a decorous, meek, God-fearing and good-looking person who was destined to rule in a very difficult time, which began with the Time of Troubles and went through the Razin uprising and the “salt” and “copper” riots of the Cossacks.

Already from the first year of his reign, Alexei Mikhailovich tried to turn the Kremlin into a palace, admiring its beauty, with many sparkling gold domes. By his order, the walls of the Kremlin were covered with gilded pieces of leather, and instead of traditional benches, chairs and armchairs were placed according to a “foreign” model. At the same time, the Kolomna Palace, which burned down a hundred years later, was built. Preserved only in miniatures, it amazes with its grandeur and luxury.

Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich remained in history as the antipode of IV. The time of his reign is considered the time of restoration of the Russian autocracy. It was after him that the definition of “autocrat” was attached to the title of Russian sovereigns. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich as a statesman largely predetermined the increase in the royal role in literally all spheres, and primarily the role of the monarch as commander-in-chief.

The second of the Romanov family - Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich - unlike his predecessors, had personal experience of direct command of troops, which he acquired during the Russian-Polish company. He focused on issues of equipping and recruiting the army, intervened in all personnel issues, etc.

The tsar attached no less importance to the idea of ​​succession of power of the Romanovs from the Rurikovichs. When ascending the throne, it was important for him to prove that in Rus' there was not only the process of establishing a completely new dynasty, but also the restoration of the old one, since it was its cessation that was considered the cause of all the troubles that befell the country at the turn of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, including the Time of Troubles . Now, after the strengthening of the Russian autocracy, doubts about the legitimacy of the Romanov family have subsided.

It was Alexei Mikhailovich who turned Russia into a truly Orthodox state. Under him, many Orthodox relics began to be brought from distant lands to be saved from Muslims.

Alexey was married to Maria Miloslavskaya, with whom he made thirteen heirs, including the future sovereigns Ivan, Peter, Fyodor, and Alexey died at the end of January 1676, before reaching the age of 48

To his children, the Quiet One left a legacy of a fairly powerful power, already recognized abroad, and by continuing the work of his father, he completed the process of establishing a monarchy and created a great empire.

Alexey Mikhailovich

Unknown artist. Portrait of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.
Copy of the first half of the 18th century from 17th century canvas.

Alexei Mikhailovich (1629-1676) - Russian Tsar since 1645, son of the first Tsar from the Romanov dynasty - Mikhail. In domestic politics, he continued his father’s policy of restoration and further development of the country after the devastation of the Time of Troubles. His reign is characterized by the strengthening of central power and steps towards the establishment of an absolute monarchy (see Absolutism). Serfdom was legally formalized (see the Council Code of 1649). Specialization of production, privately owned manufactories (30), fairs, and the recruitment of foreigners (Deutsche Sloboda) contributed to the establishment of economic ties between individual parts of the country and the beginning of the formation of an all-Russian market. The socio-political situation during the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich was unstable. The reform of Patriarch Nikon led to a church schism, and the conflict between the tsar and the patriarch led to the first measures to subordinate the church to the state. In foreign policy, under him, Left Bank Ukraine was reunited with Russia on the basis of autonomy, Smolensk and other western lands were returned. In the east, Russian explorers reached the Pacific Ocean, and the Amur River became the border with China. The 17th century was called the rebellious century.

During the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich there were major urban uprisings (Salt riot of 1648, Copper riot of 1662 in Moscow, uprisings in Novgorod, Pskov, etc.), the peasant war led by Razin (1670-1671), the Solovetsky uprising of 1668-1676 . and etc.

Orlov A.S., Georgieva N.G., Georgiev V.A. Historical Dictionary. 2nd ed. M., 2012, p. 13-14.

Other biographical materials:

Read further:

Vanyashina D.I. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich the Quietest in his correspondence. (Competition "The Legacy of Ancestors - to the Young").

Personalities:

Alexey Alekseevich (1654-1670), prince, 2nd son of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.

Bredikhin Martemyan, Duma clerk, envoy of Alexei Mikhailovich to Hetman B. Khmelnitsky.

Ivanov Almaz (Erofey) Ivanovich (?-1669), a figure in the government of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.

Kikin Vasily Petrovich, steward, governor and ambassador in the 17th century.

Collins, Samuel (?-1671), physician to Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, Englishman.

Miloslavskaya Maria Ilyinichna (1626-1669), the first wife of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.

Miloslavsky Ivan Bogdanovich (?-1681), boyar, cousin of Queen Maria.

Miloslavsky Ivan Mikhailovich (?-1685), okolnichy.

Miloslavsky Ilya Danilovich (1595-1668), son of the Kursk governor.

Natalya Alekseevna (1673-1716), daughter of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.

Natalya Kirillovna, Tsarina - wife of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich (Quiet).

Khilkov Ivan Andreevich, prince, lesser boyar and governor.

Khitrovo Bogdan-Iov Matveevich (1615 -1680), the closest boyar of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.

Khmelnitsky Bogdan (Zinovy) (c. 1595-08/06/1657), Russian statesman, commander, hetman of Little Russia.

Literature:

Andreev I. L. Alexey Mikhailovich. M., 2006;

Gurlyand I. Ya. Order of the Great Sovereign of Secret Affairs, Yaroslavl, 1902;

Dushechkina K.V. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich as a writer. (Problem statement) // Cultural heritage of Ancient Rus'. M., 1976;

Zaozersky A.I. Tsar’s estate of the 17th century. M., 1937;

3iborov V.K., Lobachev S.V. Alexey Mikhailovich // TODRL. L., 1990. T. 41. P. 25–27;

Kapterev N. F. Patriarch Nikon and Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. T. 1–2. Sergiev Posad, 1909–1912;

Klyuchevsky V. O. Soch., M., 1988, vol. 3;

Kostomarov N.I. Russian history in the biographies of its main figures. M., 1992. Book. 3;

Presnyakov A.K. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich // Russian autocrats. M., 1990.

Sorokin Yu.A. Alexey Mikhailovich // Questions of history. 1992. N 4 - 5.

Marx, K. and Engels, F. Works. T. XI, part 1. P. 362. -

Martens, F. F., Collection of treatises and conventions concluded by Russia with foreign powers. T. 1, 5. St. Petersburg. 1874, 1880. T. 1. pp. XVII-XXI, 1-13. T. 5. P. 1-13. -

Monuments of diplomatic relations between ancient Russia and foreign powers. T. 3, 4, 10. St. Petersburg. 1854, 1856, 1871. -

Solovyov, S. M. History of Russia since ancient times. T. 10-12. -

Kologrivov, S. N. Materials for the history of relations between Russia and foreign powers in the 17th century. St. Petersburg 1911. 160 p. -

Meyerberg, A. Journey to Muscovy of Baron Augustine Meyerberg to the Tsar and Grand Duke Alexei Mikhailovich in 1661. M. 1874. VII, 216, XXVIII p. -

Embassy of Kunraad von Klenk to Tsars Alexei Mikhailovich and Fyodor Alekseevich. St. Petersburg 1900. 7, CLXXVI, 650 p. - Semenov, V. On the history of relations with Sweden. Excerpts from a Swedish diary from the times of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. "Readings in the Island of History and Ancient Russia." 1912. Book. 1 [department III]. pp. 1-28. -

Ulyanitsky, V. A. Relations between Russia and Central Asia and India in the XVI-XVII centuries. According to documents Moscow. main archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. business "Readings in the Island of History and Ancient Russia." 1888. Book. 3 [Department II]. pp. 1-62. -

Ikonnikov, V.S. Close boyar Afanasy Lavrentievich Ordin-Nashchokin, one of the predecessors of Peter’s reform. "Russian Antiquity". 1883. Book. 10. P. 17-66. Book 11, pp. 273-308. -

Karpov, G. Negotiations on the conditions for uniting Little Russia with Great Russia. (From the history of the Time of Troubles in Little Russia. Year 1654). "Journal of the Ministry of Public Education." 1871. November, pp. 1-39. December. pp. 232-269. -

Kapustin, M. Diplomatic relations between Russia and Western Europe in the second half of the 17th century. M. 1852, X, 146 p. -

Lodyzhensky, A. Embassy to England of Prince Prozorovsky, nobleman Zhelyabuzhsky and clerk Davydov in 1662. St. Petersburg 1880. 23 p. -

Savich, O. A. Truce of Andrus in 1667."Science Notes". 1946. Book. 2. pp. 131-150. -

Forsten. G. V. Relations between Sweden and Russia in the second half of the 17th century (1648-1700). "Journal of the Ministry of Public Education." 1898. February. pp. 210-277. April. pp. 321-354. May. pp. 48-103. June. pp. 311-350. 1899. June. pp. 277-339. -

Chertkov, A. Descriptions of the embassy sent in 1659 from Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich to Ferdinand II, Grand Duke of Tuscany. "Russian historical collection". 1840. T. III. Book 4. pp. 311-369. -

Eingorn, V. O. Diplomatic relations of the Moscow government with the right bank of Little Russia) in 1673. "Journal of the Ministry of Public Education." 1898. May. pp. 118-151.

Alexey Mikhailovich
(1629-1676)
Reigned 1645-1676

“Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich was the kindest man, a glorious Russian soul. I am ready to see in him the best man of Ancient Rus', at least, I don’t know another ancient Russian person who would make a more pleasant impression - but not on the throne.”

V. O. Klyuchevsky. "Course of Russian history".

Alexei Mikhailovich, second Tsar of the House of Romanov, son of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich and Tsarina Evdokia Streshneva. Tsar Alexei ascended the throne at the age of sixteen. Under him, his teacher, boyar B. I. Morozov, began to play the main role in governing the state. Sacredly revering all the precepts of antiquity, Alexey Mikhailovich loved the ancient Russian way of life. He was deeply and sincerely religious. For his kindness and responsiveness to the misfortune and suffering of people, Alexey Mikhailovich received the nickname “the quietest king” during his lifetime.

Ruddy, with piercing blue eyes and a dark brown, slightly reddish beard, a strong physique, thanks to his frequent stay in the fresh air during falconry, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, blooming in health, with his whole appearance made a majestic and at the same time pleasant impression on everyone around him .

Alexey Mikhailovich was married to Maria Ilyinichna Miloslavskaya. The marriage to her took place on January 16, 1648. From this marriage eight daughters and five sons were born. Only six daughters and two sons (princes Fyodor and Ivan) survived their father.

On March 2, 1669, Tsarina Maria Ilyinichna died, and on January 22, 1671, the tsar married Natalya Kirillovna Naryshkina, who a year later would become the mother of the future Emperor of Russia Peter I. Alexei Mikhailovich reigned for almost 31 years. After his death, difficulties began with the succession to the throne.

QUESTIONNAIRE

- the level of education
primary literacy, foreign language, theology, philosophy, sacred music. Guys-educators: boyar B.I. Morozov, V.N. Streshnev. Teachers: clerk V.S. Prokofiev, clerk G.V. Lvov.

- Foreign language skills
Latin, Polish

- Political Views
ideas of autocracy of the tsar, strict control over the activities of central institutions.

- wars and results
with Poland (1654-1667) Recognition by Poland of the annexation of Ukraine to Russia. With Sweden (1656-1658) for access to the Baltic Sea and the mastery of Livonia. Statement of the boundaries of 1617.

- reforms and counter-reforms
the creation of a code of state laws (“Code” of 1649), monetary reform, the organization of a massive search for fugitive peasants, the reorganization of customs duties in the interests of the domestic merchants, the introduction of troops of the new system.

- cultural endeavors
organization of public schools for training clerks at the Zaikonospassky Monastery, palace theaters.

- correspondents (correspondence)
with Patriarch Nikon, Chernigov Archbishop Lazar Baranovich, A. S. Matveev, A. L. Ordin-Nashchokin, N. I. Odoevsky, sisters.

- travel geography
During the war he visited a number of Lithuanian cities. Trips on pilgrimage to distant monasteries.

- leisure, entertainment, habits
hunting, court theater, chess. Strict observance of all religious rites.

- sense of humor
somewhat rude

- appearance
short and stocky. The face is a little puffy, low forehead. His features were soft and pleasant, he wore a small beard and mustache.

- temperament
good-natured, cheerful, quick-tempered, but easy-going.

Literature

Alekseev A. Fierce zealots. Moscow Rus' in the 17th century// Science and life. - 2009. - N 11. - P. 98-104; N 12. - pp. 66-73. : ill.
About the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich.

Alexey Mikhailovich (1645-1676)// Illustrated history of Russia before Peter the Great. - St. Petersburg, 1994. - P. 266-292.

Andreev I. “Trustworthy Hunter”// Science and life. - 1998. - N 7. - P. 140-147.
About falconry of Russian tsars.

Andreev I. Netihiy Quiet// Homeland. - 1998. - N 9. - P. 39-43.
About the personality of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, how he was perceived in the 17th century.

Andreev I. The Obstinate Patriarch// Science and life. - 2004. - N 6. - P. 112-120.
The article about the confrontation between Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich and Patriarch Nikon was written based on materials from the book “Alexei Mikhailovich” by I. L. Andreev.

Andreev I. L. Father and son// Knowledge is power. - 2004. - N 2. - P. 121-123.
Comparative characteristics of the reigns of Alexei Mikhailovich and Peter I.

Bakhrevsky V. A. Quiet: a historical novel. - Moscow: Sov. writer, 1984. - 350 p. : ill.
About Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.

Bestuzheva-Lada S. The quietest converter// Change. - 2013. - N 1. - P. 4-25. : ill.
About the transformations of Alexei Mikhailovich.

Bobrov R. Lover of hunting pleasures// Hunting and game management. - 2002. - N 2. - P. 12-13.
About the hunter and expert in hunting, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.

Burlinova A. Quiet// Knowledge is power. - 2004. - N 2. - P. 117-120.
About Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov, nicknamed the Quietest.

Bushuev S.V. “The Quietest” Tsar and his reign// History of the Russian State / S. V. Bushuev. - Moscow, 1994. - P. 112-126.

Vilkov V. A. Alexey Mikhailovich// All the rulers of Russia: Grand Dukes, Tsars, Emperors, General Secretaries, Presidents / V. A. Vilkov, Yu. G. Stepanov. - Moscow: Ripol classic, 2008. - P. 273-279. : ill.

Russian foreign policy under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich// Three centuries: Russia from the Time of Troubles to our time: historical collection (in 6 volumes) / ed. V. V. Kallash. - Moscow, 1991. - T. 2. - P. 106 -139.

Gusev A.V. Man in history: Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich// Teaching history at school. - 2003. - N 5. - P. 30-36.
Alexey Mikhailovich Romanov as a personality of the late Russian Middle Ages.

Zimin I. Royal hunt// Homeland. - 2010. - N 12. - P. 146-155. : ill., photo.
About Alexei Mikhailovich’s passion for hunting.

Ikonnikova A. Queens and princesses from the house of Romanov: historical essay by A. Ikonnikova. - [Reprint. reproduction ed. 1914]. - Moscow: Nar. book, 1991. - 125, II, p. - (Ser. “The Past”; 1).
Autocracy in the Russian state.

Alexey Mikhailovich// History of the Fatherland in Persons: From ancient times to the end of the 17th century. : Biographical encyclopedia. - Moscow., 1993. - P. 113-174.

What kind of fun is the hour set for?// Around the world. - 2004. - N 2. - P. 54.
Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich made a clarification in the “Book of the Verb Uryadnik: a new code and arrangement for the order of the falconer’s path” - “do not forget: it’s time for business and time for fun.” The point of his clarification was that in addition to such an important matter as hunting, there are other matters to which time should be devoted. However, later in this expression, which became a proverb, the disjunctive conjunction “a” began to be used, which completely changed its original meaning.

Kosheleva O. “It’s not scary to fall; if you fall terribly, you won’t get up…”// Homeland. - 2006. - N 11. - P. 41-45.
Epistolary works of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.

Kushaev N. A. Education and upbringing of Russian sovereigns// Art and education. - 2004. - N 1. - P. 60-84.
How Russian tsars, including Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov, were educated and brought up.

Lisitsyna E. Cat-loving autocrats// Friend. Magazine for cat lovers. -2008. - N 9. - P. 62-65.
Russian tsars, Russian emperors and empresses treated cats favorably. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich loved cats very much.

Mosunova T. “Window to Europe”: about royal brides and exiled Poles in the forgotten capital // Ural Worker. - 2011. - November 30. - P. 6.: photo, ill.
About the exile of the royal brides in Verkhoturye.

[About Grand Duke Yaroslav the Wise and Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov]// Science and religion. - 2004. - N 1. - P. 58.
About the life of Grand Duke Yaroslav the Wise and Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov, about the fact that they have much in common in solving state problems.

Russia in the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich through the eyes of foreigners// Approval of the dynasty. - Moscow, 1997. - P. 407-418.

Scott S. Romanov: Biography of the dynasty (1613-1999) / trans. with Swedish - 2nd add. and processed ed.

Moscow: Zakharov, 2000. - 316 p.

Solovyov S. M. History of Russia since ancient times: In 15 books. Book 6: T. 11-12: History of Russia during the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich. - Moscow: Sotsekgiz, 1961. - 683 p.

Starikova N.V. Alexey Mikhailovich// History of Russia: IX-XXI centuries. : From Rurik to Putin. - Moscow, 2003. - P. 204-221.

Usovich K. Diagnostics of the image of a top manager: Tsar Alexey Mikhailovich Romanov // Personnel Management. - 2008. - N 12. - P. 78-83; N 13. - pp. 72-78.
About the images of the rulers of Rus' using the example of the royal dynasty of Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov.

Fortunatov V.V. The rebellious age of Alexei Mikhailovich “The Quietest”// Russian history in faces / V. V. Fortunatov. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2009. - P. 119 - 122. : ill.

Hosking D. Russia and Russians: In 2 books. / D. Hosking; lane from English - Moscow: AST; Transitbook, 2003. - Book. 1. - pp. 201-216.
About church transformations during the reign of the emperor and the relations between the Don Cossacks and the Moscow kingdom.

Yablochkov M. Reign of Alexei Mikhailovich (1645 -1676)// History of the nobility in Russia / M. Yablochkov. - Smolensk, 2003. - Ch. XII. - P. 243-303.

The list of references was prepared by SBO bibliographer I. G. Taushkanova.