We determine which years are leap years - conditions and historical data. Leap years: list, history, signs and superstitions Leap years: list for the 19th, 20th and 21st centuries

sharky:
03/25/2013 at 16:04

Why on earth is 1900 not a leap year? A leap year occurs every 4 years, i.e. If it is divisible by 4, it is a leap year. And no more divisions by 100 or 400 are needed.

It’s normal to ask questions, but before you assert anything, study the hardware. The Earth revolves around the sun in 365 days 5 hours 48 minutes 46 seconds. As you can see, the remainder is not exactly 6 hours, but 11 minutes 14 seconds less. This means that by making a leap year we add extra time. Somewhere over 128 years, extra days accumulate. Therefore, every 128 years in one of the 4-year cycles there is no need to make a leap year in order to get rid of these extra days. But to simplify things, every 100th year is not a leap year. Is the idea clear? Fine. What then should we do next, since an extra day is added every 128 years, and we cut it off every 100 years? Yes, we cut off more than we should, and this needs to be returned at some point.

If the first paragraph is clear and still interesting, then read on, but it will be more difficult.

So, in 100 years, 100/128 = 25/32 days of excess time accumulates (that’s 18 hours 45 minutes). We do not make a leap year, that is, we subtract one day: we get 25/32-32/32 = -7/32 days (that’s 5 hours 15 minutes), that is, we subtract the excess. After four cycles of 100 years (after 400 years), we will subtract an extra 4 * (-7/32) = -28/32 days (this is minus 21 hours). For the 400th year we make a leap year, that is, we add a day (24 hours): -28/32+32/32=4/32=1/8 (that’s 3 hours).
We make every 4th year a leap year, but at the same time every 100th year is not a leap year, and at the same time every 400th year is a leap year, but still every 400 years an extra 3 hours are added. After 8 cycles of 400 years, that is, after 3200 years, an extra 24 hours will accumulate, that is, one day. Then another mandatory condition is added: every 3200th year should not be a leap year. 3200 years can be rounded up to 4000, but then you will again have to play with added or trimmed days.
3200 years have not passed, so this condition, if it is made this way, is not yet talked about. But 400 years have already passed since the approval of the Gregorian calendar.
Years that are multiples of 400 are always leap years (for now), other years that are multiples of 100 are not leap years, and other years that are multiples of 4 are leap years.

The calculation I gave shows that in the current state, an error in one day will accumulate over 3200 years, but here’s what Wikipedia writes about it:
“An error of one day compared to the year of the equinoxes in the Gregorian calendar will accumulate in approximately 10,000 years (in the Julian calendar - approximately in 128 years). A frequently encountered estimate, leading to a value of the order of 3000 years, is obtained if one does not take into account that the number of days in the tropical year changes over time and, in addition, the relationship between the lengths of the seasons changes.” From the same Wikipedia, the formula for the length of a year in days with fractions paints a good picture:

365,2425=365+0,25-0,01+0,0025=265+1/4-1/100+1/400

The year 1900 was not a leap year, but 2000 was, and special, because such a leap year happens once every 400 years.

In the Julian and Gregorian calendars, a leap year is a year that consists of 366 days. Thus, it differs from the usual one by the presence of an “extra” day. In the Julian calendar, every fourth year is a leap year. As for the Gregorian, its approach to determining a leap year is similar, but with a few exceptions.

What are leap years in the Gregorian calendar?

To be considered a leap year, the year number must first be divisible by four. Regarding zero years, from which centuries begin, they are considered leap years only if their number is a multiple of 400. So, for example, the year 2000 is a leap year, while the year 1900 is not.

Regarding the question of how many days are there in a leap year, the most widely used Gregorian calendar in the world contains 366 days. The “extra” day is February 29th. Thus, people born on this day officially celebrate their birthday once every four years. This is an interesting feature of leap years.

Where does the extra day come from?

Our planet constantly revolves around its celestial body - the Sun. The Earth completes a full revolution in 365 days and several hours. This period of time is called a “year”. For ease of calculation, the “extra” few hours are not taken into account for three years. In the fourth year, the additional hours are added up and, as a result, you get an “extra” day, which is usually added to every fourth February.

Leap years: list for the 19th, 20th and 21st centuries

Taking into account the above-mentioned rules for determining leap years, it is possible to form a list of them over the past centuries. So, in the 19th century these were: 1804, 1808, 1812, 1816, 1820, 1824, 1828, 1832, 1836, 1840, 1844, 1848, 1852, 1856, 1860, 1864, 1868, 1872, , 1880, 1884, 1888, 1892, 1896.

In the 20th century, leap years, respectively, were 1904, 1908, 1912, 1916, 1920, 1924, 1928, 1932, 1936, 1940, 1944, 1948, 1952, 1956, 1960, 1964, 1972, , 1976, 1980, 1984 , 1988, 1992, 1996.

As for the 21st century, in which we are all lucky to live, the leap years were 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012. The next leap year will be 2016.

The mysticism of leap year

Despite the fact that the origin and features of leap years have long been studied and are absolutely clear, many people are wary of their arrival. It just so happens that a leap year is considered something strange and in some places even dangerous. However, if you analyze history, in ordinary years there were no fewer different kinds of cataclysms and negative events than in leap years. Therefore, you should not attach any special significance to leap years.

A leap year, or it is also called the word “leap year,” causes many rumors and superstitions, which mainly boil down to the fact that this year is unhappy and promises only negative events. In this article we will talk about how fair these opinions are.

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A little history

The word “leap year” came to us from the Latin language, that is, it is of ancient origin, and its literal translation sounds like “second sixth”.

According to the Julian month, the Earth goes through its circle in 365.25 days, and every year the days shifted by 6 hours. Such an error could easily confuse ancient men, and in order to avoid this, it was decided that after every fourth year another day would be added to the annual circle. Accordingly, this year will include 366 days, and they will be added in the shortest month - February, it will consist of 29 days. To distinguish it, it was called a leapfrog.

In Ancient Rus', in turn, there were many legends about the occurrence of leap seasons, and each of them, even then, was perceived as necessarily unlucky. Legends about the arrival of the new calendar and the leap year in Rus' were also reflected in the Saints. So, February 29 is dedicated to the memory of St. Kasyan, and people call it Kasyan’s Day. Several legends and apocrypha (stories that are not recognized by the church as confirmed and consistent with what we know about God) are dedicated to this day. But it sheds light on the origins of the bad reputation of leapfrogs.

According to this legend, Kasyan appears to the common people not as a man, but as an angel, and a fallen one, who was once seduced by Satan, as a result of which he fell away from God. However, later he realized how wrong he was, repented and prayed to the Creator for mercy. Taking pity on the traitor, God, before accepting him back, assigned His angel to him. The celestial being shackled Kasyan and, by order from above, beat him on the forehead with a metal hammer to bring him to his senses for 3 years, and on the fourth he freed him.

The second legend about Kasyan

According to the second legend Kasyan is a person, and Kasyanov’s day is the date of his name day. However, according to the legend, that man systematically drank himself to death for three years in a row, but on the fourth he came to his senses, repented, gave up his addiction, turned to repentance and became a saint - he acquired the Holy Spirit. Therefore, the people believed, it was appropriate for him to celebrate his day so rarely - only on February 29.

The third legend about Kasyan

This legend is dedicated to Saint Kasyan, who travels across the earth, and Nicholas the Wonderworker, well known to Christians. And then they meet a man along the way. He asked them for help because his cart was stuck in the mud. Kasyan responded to this that he was careful not to spoil his clean robe, but Nikolai, not afraid of the dirt, immediately helped. The saints returned to the Kingdom of God, and the Creator noticed that Nicholas’s robe was dirty and asked him what was causing it.

The saint told him what happened on the way. Then the Lord noticed that Kasyan’s clothes were clean and asked the question: were they really traveling together? Kasyan replied that he was afraid to stain his clothes. God realized that Cosmas was being cunning, and arranged it in such a way that his name day is celebrated once every 4 years. And Nikolai’s name day for his meekness is twice in 365 days.

Anyway , whatever it may be, the leap was recognized as bad. Therefore, the superstitious Russian people tried to somehow protect themselves from this day.

1. I tried to finish all important things before the 29th of February.
2. Some did not dare leave the house.
3. On February 29, if the sun came out, it was called Kasyan's Eye or Kasyanov's Eye. Then they tried not to get under the sun, so that the saint wouldn’t jinx them! And he did not bring suffering and illness to the poor man.

As in ancient times, in today's world there are often superstitions and signs that do not best define the leap years of the 21st century. We will list some of them:

Why is a leap year considered bad?

This attitude is quite understandable: the appearance of the 29th day in February characterizes the whole year as being different from others, and psychologically sets it apart from others. This can be important for people who are unsure of their abilities. It will be much easier for him, citing this special period, to refuse something new than to expend energy for self-development or starting some kind of business.

For the same reason, it will be easier not to get pregnant, so as not to give birth later, because the fear increases that the birth will be difficult, the baby may be born sick. And if not, then suddenly his life will turn out to be joyless or difficult.

Our inventive people see and the threat in the very name of the leap, saying that it “mows down” people, in other words, takes them away, leads to death. Therefore, the holiday is celebrated with caution (or, conversely, on a special scale - you never know who will die...). This is a very common belief that tries to creep into statistics. It is becoming accepted that the mortality rate increases every 4th year. At the same time, these data are in no way confirmed by the statistics themselves.

You can’t pick mushrooms either, much less eat them or sell them to people. No, not so as not to be poisoned, but so that “bad soil” does not bring “anything bad” to a person.

It is believed that the leap year entails natural disasters and all kinds of disasters: drought, floods, fires.

What years are leap years?

In the last century, as well as in the current one, such calendar periods also caused horror. A list of them can be seen in the image or found on the Internet. Also, the year 2000, the same millennium, in turn was a leap year, opening the whole millennium.

Despite the fact that with the development of technology, information has become more accessible and it is possible to learn more and expand one’s horizons, getting rid of primitive fears, many continue to anxiously await the leap, internally preparing themselves for problems and troubles, and when they come (if they come), it is perceived as doomed: well, it’s a leap year... An extra day in February. Deadly!

There are special calendars that indicate when exactly the leap year occurs. It is enough to look carefully at the table and find (or not find) the current figures there. It is enough to know at least one leap year, after which you can calculate them yourself using elementary arithmetic. Let's say you're interested in leap years in the 21st century. Find the calendar and view it. Having learned that 2016 is a leap year, it is easy to understand that the next year will come in 2020.

If you trust statistics, a very small number of all disasters and troubles occur on leap years. The superstitions that exist today can be interpreted by the fact that people who closely followed the misfortunes and troubles that occurred during leap years gave an exaggerated meaning to what was happening only because of the unflattering reputation of the latter. I would like to wish people who highly trust superstitions about leap years to pay more attention to positive events and changes. And then, perhaps, a list of good and joyful signs will be collected that will restore the reputation of the Leap Years.

A leap year (Latin bis sextus - “second sixth”) is a year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars, the duration of which is 366 days - one day longer than the duration of a regular, non-leap year. In the Julian calendar, every fourth year is a leap year; in the Gregorian calendar there are exceptions to this rule.

A year is a conventional unit of time, which historically meant a single cycle of seasons (spring, summer, autumn, winter). In most countries, the calendar year is 365 or 366 days. Currently, the year is also used as a time characteristic of the revolution of planets around stars in planetary systems, in particular the Earth around the Sun.

The calendar year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars is 365 days in non-leap years, and 366 days in leap years. The average length of the year is 365.2425 days for the Gregorian calendar and 365.25 days for the Julian calendar.

The calendar year in the Islamic calendar contains 353, 354 or 355 days - 12 lunar months. The average length of the year is 354.37 days, which is less than the tropical year, and therefore Muslim holidays “roam” according to the seasons.

The calendar year in the Hebrew calendar contains 353, 354 or 355 days in a common year and 383, 384 or 385 days in a leap year. The average length of the year is 365.2468 days, which is close to the tropical year.

The length of the tropical year (the time between the two spring equinoxes) is 365 days 5 hours 48 minutes 46 seconds. The difference in the length of the tropical year and the average Julian calendar year (365.25 days) is 11 minutes 14 seconds. From these 11 minutes and 14 seconds, one day is added up in approximately 128 years.

Over the centuries, a shift in the day of the vernal equinox, with which church holidays are associated, was noticed. By the 16th century, the spring equinox occurred about 10 days earlier than March 21, which is used to determine the day of Easter.

To compensate for the accumulated error and avoid such a shift in the future, in 1582 Pope Gregory XIII carried out a calendar reform. To make the average calendar year more consistent with the solar year, it was decided to change the rule of leap years. As before, a year whose number was a multiple of four remained a leap year, but an exception was made for those that were a multiple of 100. From now on, such years were leap years only when they were also divisible by 400.

In other words, a year is a leap year in two cases: either it is a multiple of 4, but not a multiple of 100, or a multiple of 400. A year is not a leap year if it is not a multiple of 4, or it is a multiple of 100, but not a multiple of 400.

The last years of centuries ending in two zeros are not leap years in three cases out of four. Thus, the years 1700, 1800 and 1900 are not leap years, since they are a multiple of 100 and not a multiple of 400. The years 1600 and 2000 are leap years, since they are a multiple of 400. The years 2100, 2200 and 2300 are not leap years. In leap years, an additional day is introduced - February 29. The Catholic world lives according to the Julian calendar. Unlike the Julian calendar, the Gregorian calendar takes into account only one object - the Sun.

Now we live according to the Julian calendar (new style), before the revolution we lived according to the Gregorian calendar (old style). The difference between the old and new styles was 11 days in the 18th century, 12 days in the 19th century, and 13 days in the 20th and 21st centuries. In the 22nd century, this difference will already be 14 days. The Gregorian calendar was introduced under Soviet rule on February 14, 1918 (after January 31, it was no longer February 1, but immediately the 14th). The last leap year was, the next one will be.

1996, 1992, 1988, 1984, 1980, 1976, 1972, 1968, 1964, 1960, 1956, 1952, 1948, 1944, 1940, 1936, 1932, 1928, 1924, 1920, 16, 1912, 1908, 1904, Gregorian According to the Julian calendar, 1900 is a leap year. 1896.

Note: For most computer and mobile systems, valid dates are from December 13, 1901, 20:45:54 GMT to January 19, 2038, 03:14:07 GMT. (These dates correspond to the minimum and maximum value of a 32-bit signed integer.) For Windows, valid dates are 01/01/1970 to 01/19/2038.

Is 2019 a leap year or not? 2019 will not be a leap year. From year to year, the approach of the New Year causes excitement among superstitious people. Will the coming 2019 Year of the Pig be a leap year or a non-leap year?

The interest is based on folk signs and superstitions associated with the addition of an additional February 29th. One day, February 29, is added to the calendar every four years. The previous leap year was 2016. When is the next leap year? The next one will be in 2020, in four years.

Razgadamus considers it educational. How many days are there in a Leap Year? A leap year (or popularly called High Year) occurs every fourth year. Its duration is 366 days, one more than the duration of a non-leap year, thanks to the additional day - February 29. In normal, non-leap years, February has 28 days.

What are leap years: calendar

Horoscope for every day

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Table of past years until 2000

Table after 2000

How many days in 2019

You can get an answer to the question of how many days there will be in 2019, 365 or 366, by looking. If 2019 is not a leap year, therefore, the duration of 2019 will be 365 days.

2019 Leap year or not, causes concern among superstitious people and is of interest primarily to those people whose birthday falls on February 29. It turns out that those born on Leap Year on February 29th have to celebrate their birthday once every four years or postpone the celebration to March 1st.

A leap year differs from a regular year in duration; it is 1 day longer. But since ancient times, people have been afraid of the onset of such a four-year anniversary, which instills fear of impending misfortune.

There are folk signs according to which the arrival of a Leap Year means the onset of an unlucky period of time in the life of every person for four years.

Signs for Leap Year: what you can and cannot do

To believe in omens or not? February 29 is popularly called Kasyan's day (or Kasyanov's day), and it is considered unlucky for the birth of a child.

• It is not advisable to plan the birth of a baby, but if pregnancy has occurred, the expectant mother will have to refrain from cutting her hair until the birth.
• If a child was born in a Leap Year, it is necessary to speed up the baptismal ceremony so that the baby receives protection.
• You cannot start new businesses; any financial investment in a business is doomed to failure.
• People who believe in omens are advised not to sell or buy real estate or change their place of residence during Leap Year.
• According to signs, it is not recommended to have a pet.
• It is better to postpone the trip until better times.
• It is very bad luck to plan a wedding on a Leap Year. The sign says that a marriage concluded in an unhappy period of time will fall apart, the family will be haunted by misfortunes, illnesses, betrayal of spouses, and evil fate.
• It is not recommended to change jobs or start renovating the house.

Our ancestors adhered to the rule that an unlucky year for marriage follows immediately after Leap Year and the ban on marriage remains for another year. If you believe it, then after 2016 (it was a Leap Year), the next year is 2017 - the year of the widow, the year of the widower - 2018.

2019 is the year of the widow or widower

The years of the widow and widower are considered to be the first and second years after Leap Year, the previous one was 2016. If you believe the superstition, then 2017 is the year of the widow, the year of the widower is 2018, both dates are not suitable for a wedding. And married couples planning a wedding in 2019 will experience prosperity and well-being.

Our grandmothers did not get married, they were afraid of receiving a mystical curse on their family from the Higher Powers and being left a widow or being among the dead.

Astrologers consider folk signs to be prejudices and relics of the past; they recommend not to believe in such forecasts and not to follow them.

Priests advise following your heart, starting a family, getting married according to church canons and setting a wedding date for 2019 without any doubt. According to - the year of the Pig - an animal symbolizing calm and harmony.

The Widow Years (list): 2001; 2005; 2009; 2013; 2017; 2021; 2025; 2029; 2033; 2037; 2041; 2045; 2049; 2053; 2057; 2061; 2065.

Widower Years (list): 2002; 2006; 2010; 2014; 2018; 2022; 2026; 2030; 2034; 2038; 2042; 2046; 2050; 2054; 2058; 2062; 2066.

Is it possible to get married or get married in 2019? Can. Signs and superstitions are usually based on popular rumors, but in fact there is no confirmed data or real statistics about the years of a widow or widower.

How to determine Leap Year: calculation

1. It is easier to determine whether a leap year is or not if the date of the previous one is known. The leap year repeats itself every four years.
2. You can calculate the viscosity by knowing how many days there are in a year - 365 or 366.
3. A leap year is divisible by 4 without a remainder; if it can be divided by 100 without a remainder, it is a non-leap year. But if it is divisible by 400 without a remainder, then it is a leap year.

What to expect from 2019

Due to the fact that 2019 will not be a leap year and will be led by the Yellow Earth Pig, astrologers give a peaceful forecast for all 365 days of 2019. The pig is a symbol of the future in 2019. This patient animal symbolizes well-being, peace, tranquility and wisdom.

The personal life of many lonely people will change in 2019, loneliness will end and there will be a happy opportunity to find a friend, meet a loved one. A favorable period is coming for the birth of children and the creation of a family union. Persistent and purposeful will be accompanied by.

Astrologers say that you will have a chance to become happy in your personal life, achieve success at work, move up the career ladder, or open your own business.

The pig, as you know, is one of the animals with enviable tenacity, and those who show perseverance, hard work, take responsibility in difficult circumstances, and are not afraid of difficulties will be able to achieve what they want.

Folk signs for 2019, beliefs and forecasts of various astrologers agree on one thing - the year of the Pig, the beginning, middle, end and all 365 days - a favorable and successful period. No matter how many days there are in 2019, every day you need to strive for your goal, think positively, not paying attention to bad omens.