GMT (Geographical Time) is. Time Zones, GMT, UTC, CDT Icq contains the current time gmt time zone
Definitions of the subject being described
The concept of GMT time (Greenwich Mean Time)
Time zones and GMT.
Definitions of the subject being described
GMT (Greenwich Mean Time)(English Greenwich Mean Time) is Greenwich Mean Time (Greenwich Mean Time), the time of the meridian passing through the former location of the Greenwich Royal Observatory near London (GMT operates in the UK, Ireland, Portugal).
GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) / GMT - this is world time - the value of Greenwich Mean Time (Greenwich Mean Time) (G M T) is equal to "Coordinated Universal Time" (U T C) to the nearest second - GMT = GMT). The name U T C, over time, will completely replace the term “GMT time”.
UTC (Universal Time Coordinated) is a time that is determined from astronomical observations of the daily movement of stars. It is unstable (within a second per year) and depends on the constant change in the speed of rotation of the Earth, the movement of geographic poles along its surface and the nutation of the planet’s rotation axis. Greenwich (astronomical) time is close in meaning to SGV (atomic time), and will still be used as its synonym. Another name - "ZULU time"
Abbreviations used
SGV (from English Universal Time Coordinated) - Universal coordinated time for the coordinated distribution of standard frequencies and precise time signals on television and the Internet - "World Time". Its synonym is "Universal Time Zone". The SGV time scale has been introduced since 1964 to harmonize the values of UT1 (astronomical measurements) and TAI (atomic clocks).
Universal Time UT (Universal Time) is the average solar time at the Greenwich meridian, determined from astronomical observations of the daily movements of stars. Its refined values are UT0, UT1, UT2. UT0 is the time at the instantaneous Greenwich meridian, determined by the instantaneous position of the Earth's poles. UT1 is the time at the Greenwich mean meridian, corrected for the movement of the earth's poles. UT2 - time, taking into account changes in the speed of rotation of the Earth.
UTC - Greenwich Mean Time (or Geographical) Time (English Greenwich Mean Time, GMT) - the time of the meridian passing through the old Greenwich Observatory, near London. Used to indicate time on weather maps. Synonyms for SGV are GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) and SGV.
Concept of timeGMT.
Previously, Greenwich Mean Time (Greenwich Mean Time) was considered the time reference point - time in other time zones was measured from Greenwich Mean Time. Now in this capacity it has been replaced by Coordinated Universal Time (CGT).
However, even now, when time is indicated and the time zone is important (for example, in Internet materials), time is usually specified in this format:
(it's the same time)
Those. it is Wednesday, December 22, 2004, 23:28:10 in the time zone two hours east of Greenwich (for example, in Kyiv) - this means that in the Greenwich time zone (for example, in St. Helena) at that time it was 21: 28:10; in the GMT-7 time zone it was 14:28:10; and in Moscow (MSK, GMT+3) - already Thursday, December 23, 2004, 00:28:10.
Sometimes (in Russian-language meteorology) Greenwich is designated as UTC, deciphering it as “Greenwich Mean (or Geographic) Time.”
Time zones andGMT (Greenwich Mean Time).
GMT (Geographical Time) is
Standard time is a system of counting time based on dividing the Earth's surface into 24 time zones, every 15° in longitude. Time within the same time zone is considered the same. In 1884, at the International Conference it was decided to apply this system. The prime (zero) meridian, in accordance with the international agreement of 1883, is the Greenwich meridian with a geographic longitude of 0 ° 00 "00", dividing the globe into the western and eastern hemispheres. Passes through the former Greenwich Observatory (in the suburbs of London) Local Greenwich Time (GMT), agreed to be called universal or “World Time”.
In our country, we switched to standard time for the first time in 1919. At first it was used only in shipping, and since 1924 - everywhere.
There are 11 time zones on the territory of the Russian Federation. In fact, it is considered to be standard time plus 1 hour (throughout the whole year), for the reason that by Decree of the Council of People's Commissars in 1930, in the summer, the clock hands were moved 1 hour forward, to summer time. Back, it was decided not to transfer, and since then on the territory Russian Federation The so-called “maternity time” applies. Now, the difference with standard time is +1 hour in winter, and +2 hours in summer, with the addition of one more hour.
Moscow time zone (in winter): +3 (GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) + 3:00)
The boundaries of standard time (see figure) are drawn taking into account physical and geographical features - along large rivers, watersheds, as well as along interstate and administrative boundaries. States can change these boundaries within the country.
The international system U T C (World Time is used; it is designated GW/GMT or, which is the same thing, GW), as well as - difference local and Moscow time - MSK. The plus sign means east, the minus sign means west of the starting point.
The transition to summer time (one hour forward) and winter time (one hour back) occurs on the last Sunday of March and October, respectively.
Sources
WikiPedia - the free encyclopedia
kakras.ru - collections, folklore, reference books.
Yandex. Dictionaries.
internationaltimezones.co.uk
Investor Encyclopedia. 2013 .
See what "GMT" is in other dictionaries:
GMT- noun Greenwich Mean Time; the time as measured at Greenwich in London, used as an international standard for measuring time: The accident happened at 9.33 a.m. GMT on 14 May. * * * GMT UK US /ˌdʒiːemˈtiː/ noun [U] MEASURES … … Financial and business terms
GMT- steht für: Greenwich Mean Time Gewerkschaft Metall Textil, Teilgewerkschaft des Österreichischen Gewerkschaftsbundes Giant Magellan Telescope, astronomisches Teleskop Generic Mapping Tools, Open Source Software zur Erstellung von Karten… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Standard time is a system of counting time based on dividing the Earth's surface into 24 time zones, every 15° in longitude. Time within the same time zone is considered the same. In 1884, at the International Conference it was decided to apply this system. In accordance with the international agreement of 1883, the prime ("zero") meridian is considered to be the one that passes through the Greenwich Observatory in the suburbs of London. Local Greenwich Time (GMT), agreed to be called Universal Time or "World Time"
On the territory of Russia, since March 28, 2010, there are 9 time zones (before that there were 11 time zones). The Samara region and Udmurtia switched to Moscow time (second time zone). Kemerovo region. (Kuzbass) - to Omsk (MCK+3). Kamchatka Territory and Chukotka - to Magadanskoye (MSK+8). In these five subjects of the Federation, on March 28, 2010, the clock hands were not moved.
Two belts are being abolished - the third (Samara, MSK+1) and the eleventh (Kamchatka, MSK+9). There are 9 of them in total, and the maximum time range in our country is reduced from 10 to 9 hours.
In Russia, since March 2011, after the transition to summer time, the clock hands are no longer moved throughout the year.
In 2012, the advantages of permanent winter time over summer are being discussed again, at all levels, and therefore a transition (this fall) to permanent, year-round winter time is possible.
Stable time is better for health. In the autumn-spring off-season, the body does not have to particularly adjust its biorhythms. Technical services and transport workers no longer have to, as before, when changing the hands of the clock, reconfigure equipment and change schedules.
Time zone of Moscow, according to stable time: +4 (GMT + 4:00)
The boundaries of zone time are drawn taking into account physical and geographical features - along large rivers, watersheds, as well as along interstate and administrative boundaries. States can change these boundaries within the country.
The international system is used U T C (World Time; it is designated UTC/GMT or, which is the same thing - UTC), as well as the difference between local and Moscow time - MSK. The plus sign means east, the minus sign means west of the starting point.
The transition to summer time (one hour forward) and winter time (one hour back) occurs in spring and autumn, respectively. This rule applies in the European Union, Egypt, Turkey, New Zealand... The dates and procedure for transfer may vary slightly in terms of timing. Most countries have abandoned the autumn-spring change of clock hands: Russia and Belarus (since 2011), Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, India, China, Japan, Singapore, Taiwan...
World time - UTC/GMT - the value of Greenwich Mean Time (G M T) is equal to "Universal Coordinated Time" (U T C) with an accuracy of one second - GMT=UTC). The name U T C, over time, will completely replace the term “Greenich time”
Rice. 2 Map - World time zones and their offsets from UTC/GMT (Greenwich Time)
Table - time zones of cities around the world (UTC/GMT), in the summer
| Kamchatka | UTC/GMT+12 |
| Magadan, Sakhalin. | UTC/GMT+12 |
| Vladivostok | UTC/GMT+11 |
| Yakutsk | UTC/GMT+10 |
| Irkutsk | UTC/GMT+9 |
| Krasnoyarsk | UTC/GMT+8 |
| Omsk | UTC/GMT+7 |
| Ekaterinburg | UTC/GMT+6 |
| Moscow Moscow time, Sochi city | UTC/GMT+4 |
| Minsk "Eastern European Time" (EET) | UTC/GMT+3 |
| Paris "Central European Summer Time" (CEST - Central Europe Summer Time Zone) | UTC/GMT+2 |
| London Greenwich Time / Western European Time (WET) | UTC/GMT+1 |
| "Mid-Atlantic Time" | UTC/GMT-1 |
| Argentina, Buenos Aires | UTC/GMT-2 |
| Canada "Atlantic Time" | UTC/GMT-3 |
| USA - New York "Eastern Time" (EDT - US Eastern Daylight Time Zone) | UTC/GMT-4 |
| Chicago (Chicago) "Central Time" (CDT - US Central Daylight Time) | UTC/GMT-5 |
| Denver (MDT - US Mountain Daylight Time) | UTC/GMT-6 |
| USA, Los Angeles, San Francisco "Pacific Daylight Time" (PDT - Pacific Daylight Time) | UTC/GMT-7 |
An example of winter and summer time designation: EST / EDT (Eastern Standard / Daylight Time Zone).
If, somewhere, winter time is considered standard, then it can be abbreviated, for example: ET, CT, MT, PT
Table - time zones of cities and regions in Russia, since 2011.
Local time difference shown:
MSK+3 - with Moscow;
UTC+7 - with Coordinated Universal Time (UTC = GMT)
| Name winter / summer |
Bias relatively Moscow time |
Offset relative to UTC (World Time) |
|
| USZ1 | Kaliningrad time - the first time zone | MSK-1 | UTC+3:00 |
| MSK/MSD MSST/MSDT |
Moscow time | MSK | UTC+4:00 |
| SAMT/SAMST | Samara | MSK | UTC+H:00 |
| YEKT/YEKST | Yekaterinburg time | MSK+2 | UTC+6:00 |
| OMST / OMSST | Omsk time | MSK+3 | UTC+7:00 |
| NOVT/NOVST | Novosibirsk, Novokuznetsk Kemerovo, Tomsk. Barnaul |
MSK+3 | UTC+7:00 |
| KRAT/KRAST | Krasnoyarsk time Krasnoyarsk, Norilsk |
MSK+4 | UTC+8:00 |
| IRKT/IRKST | Irkutsk time | MSK+5 | UTC+9:00 |
| YAKT/YAKST | Yakut time | MSK+6 | UTC+10:00 |
| VLAT/VLAST | Vladivostok time | MSK+7 | UTC+11:00 |
| MAGT / MAGST | Magadan time Magadan |
MSK+8 | UTC+12:00 |
| PETT / PETST | Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky | MSK+8 | UTC+I2:00 |
Note: MSK = MSD (Moscow Summer Time) all year round
Terms and Definitions
Switching to Daylight Saving (Summer) Time (DST - Daylight Saving (Summer) Time) - moving the clock hand forward one hour, which was done annually on the last Sunday of March in order to get an additional hour during daylight hours, to save electricity (for lighting, etc. ). The return to winter time was carried out recently. Sunday in October. These transitions affected the biorhythms of the human body, his well-being, and it took a week of adaptation to get used to it. Manipulation of clock hands is a common reason why workers and employees are late for work.
The prime (prime) meridian is the Greenwich meridian with a geographic longitude of 0°00"00", dividing the globe into the western and eastern hemispheres. Passes through the former Greenwich Observatory (in the suburbs of London)
GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) - "Greenwich Time"- on the Greenwich meridian. Determined from astronomical observations of the daily motion of stars. It is unstable (within a second per year) and depends on the constant change in the speed of rotation of the Earth, the movement of geographic poles along its surface and the nutation of the planet’s rotation axis. Greenwich (astronomical) time is close in meaning to UTC (atomic time), and will still be used as its synonym. Another name is "Zulu Time"
In Russian-language meteorology, GMT is designated as SGV (Greenwich Mean / or Geographical / Time)
GMT= UTC (accurate to 1 second)
Time zone (Standard Time Zone) - difference with World Time UTC/GMT (example: UTC/GMT+4 - fourth time zone, east of Greenwich)
H:mm:ss - 24-hour format (example: 14:25:05). Minutes and seconds - with leading zeros
h:mm:ss - 12-hour format (example: 02:25:05 PM - "two and a half hours in the afternoon" - 14:25:05). Minutes and seconds - with leading zeros
AM - designation of time before noon in a 12-hour format (short version - "A")
PM - designation of time after noon in a 12-hour format
Universal Time UT (Universal Time) is the average solar time at the Greenwich meridian, determined from astronomical observations of the daily movements of stars. Its refined values are UT0, UT1, UT2
UT0 - time at the instantaneous Greenwich meridian, determined from the instantaneous position of the Earth's poles
UT1 - time at the Greenwich mean meridian, corrected for the movement of the earth's poles
UT2 - time, taking into account changes in the speed of rotation of the Earth
TAI - time according to atomic clocks (International Atomic Time, since 1972). Stable, reference, never translated. Time and frequency standard
Time in the GPS navigation system has been in effect since January 1980. No amendments are introduced to it. It is ahead of UTC time by one and a half dozen seconds.
UTC (from English Universal Time Coordinated)- Coordinated Universal Time for the coordinated distribution of standard frequencies and time signals over radio, television and the Internet - "World Time". Its synonym: "Universal time zone"
The UTC time scale has been introduced since 1964 to harmonize the values of UT1 (astronomical measurements) and TAI (atomic clocks).
Unlike Greenwich Mean Time, UTC is set using atomic clocks.
The speed of rotation of the earth is slowing down, and therefore, corrections are introduced into the UTC scale regularly, after a year or two or three, on June 30 or December 31 (leap seconds - “Coordination Second”), so that U T C is no more than a second ( more precisely, 0.9 s) differed from astronomical time (determined by the movement of the Sun), as UT1 lagged behind by a second. This international rule was adopted in 1972.
Time ratio in 2009: UTC (universal) lags behind TAI (atomic) - by 35s. Time in the GPS navigation system is 15 seconds ahead of UTC (counting since 1980, the difference is increasing) T glonass = Tutc + 3 hours (corrected, so the discrepancy between them does not exceed 1 ms.)
Precise time signals (for clock synchronization) are transmitted via radio channels, television, and the Internet - in the UTC system. More precisely, you can place it, for example, on the Mayak radio signal, but only on the long-wave or medium-wave range (on the “ground-surface wave”). On VHF/FM radio, the signal may be delayed up to several seconds from the true one.
In watches with automatic synchronization (English Radio controlled), time correction occurs from base stations, on ultra-long waves. This system was developed in Europe.
Exact local time service numbers in Russian cities 100 - Moscow Voronezh Cheboksary Chelyabinsk 060 - Bryansk Kaliningrad Krasnodar Murmansk St. Petersburg Samara Mobile operators do not have such a service, since a mobile phone is not limited geographically and can work not only in a specific city, but also in roaming .
UTC time is not converted neither in winter nor in summer, therefore, for those places where there is a conversion to summer time, the offset relative to UTC changes (in Moscow, before the abolition of winter time in 2011, the difference was: in winter - UTC+3, in summer - UTC+4).
Standard abbreviations for the names of calendar months and days of the week in English (used in RSS and others): January February March April May June July August September October November December Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun
GMT - Greenwich Mean Time (or Geographical) Time (English Greenwich Mean Time, GMT) - the time of the meridian passing through the old Greenwich Observatory, near London. Used to indicate time on weather maps. Synonyms for GMT are GMT and UTC.
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Literature
“Time and calendar” - M.: Nauka. 1989
Global (satellite) navigation systems GLONASS (Russia), GPS (USA), Galileo (European Union) - make it possible to determine, using navigators, including portable ones, the current location (coordinates), trajectory and speed of movement of objects in any point on our planet and in near-Earth space.
Depending on the method of operation and purpose, satellite GPS (Global Positioning System) navigators can be used for automobiles (car navigators), portable, marine, etc. The most common imported ones are Garmin, Mio, etc. There are completely autonomous configuration options - with batteries charging from solar panels or miniature thermoelectric generators (thermocouples). The navigation system is built into modern communicators, smartphones and cell phones, allowing you to receive not only the geographic coordinates of the receiver’s location, but also the system time with an accuracy of a fraction of a microsecond.
Russian GLONASS has been operating since the mid-90s. The orbital constellation includes more than two dozen operating satellites. The system operates throughout Russia. Since 2009, transport, including passenger transport, has been massively equipped with this system.
Navigators are produced in Russia (Glospace SGK-70 and others) that can work simultaneously with several navigation systems - GLONASS, GPS, Galileo.
Glospace supports the SMILINK system (shows traffic jams) and can create detour routes. Signals can be received from several satellite systems at once.
G P S maps - electronic maps for navigators and other mobile devices (communicators, PDAs / PDAs, smartphones, etc.) with GPS function.
Until now, in Windows computer settings, the time zone is specified by the abbreviation GMT. What is this and how does it relate to the modern UTC time coordination system? We will talk about this in our article. not everyone can do it at their location relative to Greenwich. But we will try to explain this issue in popular language. First of all, you need to answer the question: “What is GMT?” How does this abbreviation stand for?
British snobbery
In the old days, time was set at noon. When the sun was at its zenith, that is, it reached its highest point in the visible sky, it was believed that it was twelve o'clock in the day. With the development of international trade, the need arose to coordinate time into a single system. The starting point was He passes through the Royal Observatory in the town of Greenwich, near London.
Thus, the abbreviation GMT stands for Greenwich Mean Time. All the territories that are to the west of Greenwich are behind his time, and those that are located to the east are ahead of him. There is another significant meridian on the surface of planet Earth. This Territory, located to the east of it, lives (in the truest sense of the word) yesterday. In 1972, the new abbreviation UTC replaced GMT. What time is this? The abbreviation stands for Coordinated Universal Time.
Time Zones
In Russian-language metrology, the abbreviation SGV is used instead of GMT. What is it? The letters stand for “Mean Geographic Time.” But again, we can’t escape Greenwich. After all, the whole world counts its clock from the prime meridian. If you are to be punctual and accurately determine the time for each point on the globe, you need to know its distance from Greenwich to the west or east. And Coordinated Universal Time (in other words, UTC) basically displays noon in certain countries (or parts thereof). If GMT is a time that does not know political boundaries, then time zones often extend to an entire state (if it does not extend very far from west to east). Thus, UTC+0 is the time not in and on the prime meridian, but throughout Great Britain and Ireland, as well as Iceland, Portugal, Morocco, etc. But the calculation of hours using the UTS system is carried out on the same principle as in GMT .
Summer and winter time
In countries at high latitudes, the length of daylight varies greatly depending on the time of year. Therefore, northern countries often switch to summer time. Residents of these countries move their clocks forward an hour. This happens on the last Sunday of March. The UK is also on the list of countries that practice summer clocks. But true noon from April to October is then observed at 1 pm, because Greenwich Mean Time does not depend on the season.
Countries lying near the equator, where at any time of the year there is approximately twelve hours, do not move the hands seasonally. They constantly live according to winter (true) time. On this basis, the Russian Federation decided not to move the hands forward an hour every year. By the way, another country located at high latitudes refused to switch to summer time. This is Iceland. The island nation operates according to Greenwich Mean Time (GMT+0). Great Britain and Ireland, which lie on approximately the same meridian, are at UTC+0 in winter and UTC+1 in summer.
What are UTC and GMT for?
Time is a concept that loves precision. For coordinated actions, dispatch services located at points of the Earth remote from each other need to know what hours, minutes and seconds it is. Radio broadcasters of different frequencies also need coordinated time. UTC is necessary to establish a certain standard for navigational and scientific purposes. Throughout the nineteenth century, sailors of the British fleet, sailing the world's oceans, calculated time using GMT. Moving west of Greenwich, they took away hours, and moving east, they added hours. According to this principle, it is now divided into time zones. For example, Vladivostochnaya time corresponds to GMT+11, Georgian - GMT+4, Hawaiian-Aleutian - GMT-10, Moscow - GMT+4, Standard Eastern Time (it is used for New York and the territories adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean of the USA and Canada, and also in Jamaica, Panama, Haiti, Bahamas) - GMT-5.
