Traveling with archaeologists Traveling with archaeologists Alexey Pavlovich Okladnikov short biography
Okladnikov Aleksey Pavlovich – Director of the Institute of History, Philology and Philosophy of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk.
Born on September 20 (October 3), 1908 in the village of Konstantinovshchina, Znamenskaya Volost, Irkutsk Province (now the village of Konstantinovka, Zhigalovsky District, Irkutsk Region) into a peasant family. Russian. He spent his childhood in the village of Biryulka (Kachugsky district of the Irkutsk region). Then he lived in the village of Anga (Kachugsky district), where in 1925 he graduated from high school. He studied at the Irkutsk Pedagogical College, in 1929 he transferred to the history department of the Irkutsk Pedagogical Institute.
In 1928, he began research in the field of archeology, which was associated with long expeditions. In 1928 he was engaged in the study of petroglyphs on the Shishkinsky rocks - a monument of ancient rock art. Because of the expeditions, he never graduated from the institute. In the early 1930s, in connection with the beginning of the construction of a cascade of hydroelectric power plants on the Angara River, it became necessary to identify and study ancient monuments in the river valley. To survey 600 km of the coastline from the city of Irkutsk to the village of Bratsk (now the city of Bratsk), the Angarsk archaeological expedition was formed, headed by A.P. Okladnikov, who led it until 1934. In 1935, he led an archaeological team that made a 4-month boat trip along the Amur River from the city of Khabarovsk to the mouth of the river. Then he left for Leningrad, where he decided to take a postgraduate course at the State Academy of the History of Material Culture (since 1937 - the Institute of History and Material Culture), which he graduated in 1938.
In 1938-1961 he worked at the Institute of History and Material Culture (since 1959 - the Leningrad branch of the Institute of Archeology of the USSR Academy of Sciences). In 1938 he participated in an expedition on the territory of Uzbekistan, in 1940-1945 he headed the Lena Historical and Archaeological Expedition (on the territory of Yakutia). In 1945, he examined the remains of an expedition of Russian polar sailors of the 17th century on Thaddeus Island off the northeastern coast of the Taimyr Peninsula.
After the formation of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1961, he moved to Novosibirsk, where he worked as Deputy Director of the Institute of Economics and Organization of Industrial Production of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, head of the Humanitarian Research Department of this institute. In 1962-1981, he was simultaneously professor and head of the department of general history at Novosibirsk State University.
He organized and in December 1966 headed the Institute of History, Philology and Philosophy (IIFF) of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, which he led until the last day of his life. Every year he conducted field research in Siberia, the Far East, Central Asia, and Mongolia. In 1949, 1960-1964 and 1966-1981 he led expeditions to Mongolia, in 1966-1973 and 1975-1981 - the Soviet-Mongolian historical and cultural expedition. He discovered and studied the remains of Neanderthal man and his culture in the Teshik-Tash grotto in Uzbekistan, the Paleolithic in Mongolia, primitive rock carvings on the banks of the Lena and Angara rivers, in the Amur region, in Mongolia, and also identified local cultures of the Paleolithic, Neolithic, Bronze and Iron Ages of Siberia and the Far East. He created an open-air museum of his findings in the Novosibirsk Academgorodok. The author of generalizing studies on the history of primitive society and primitive culture, on Paleolithic and Neolithic art, on the history of Siberia, the Far East and the Far North from ancient times to the 18th century. The correctness of many of his conclusions is confirmed by the research of modern archaeologists.
Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of October 2, 1978 for great services in the field of archeology and historical science, training of scientific personnel and in connection with the 70th anniversary of his birth Okladnikov Alexey Pavlovich He was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle gold medal.
Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR since 1968 (corresponding member since 1964). Honored Scientist of the RSFSR (1957), Honored Scientist of the RSFSR (1957) and the Tajik SSR (1978), the Yakut ASSR (1956) and the Buryat ASSR (1968). Doctor of Historical Sciences (1947). Professor (1962).
Foreign member of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences (1974) and Hungary (1976), Corresponding Member of the British Academy (1962), Honorary Doctor of Science from Poznan University (Poland, 1977).
Member of the Presidium of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences since 1966, Chairman of the Joint Scientific Council on Historical, Philological and Philosophical Sciences (1963-1981), Chairman of the Scientific Council on Problems of the History of Siberia (since 1965), the Archaeographic Commission (since 1969) and the Commission on oriental studies (since 1966). Managing editor of the journal “News of the Siberian Branch of the Academy of Sciences. Series of social sciences” (1967-1981).
Lived in the city of Novosibirsk. He died on November 18, 1981 in Moscow. He was buried at the Southern (Cherbuzinsky) cemetery in Novosibirsk.
He was awarded 3 Orders of Lenin (1967, 1975, 1978), 3 Orders of the Badge of Honor (1945, 1947, 1954), medals, foreign orders - Labor (Hungary, 1974), Labor Red Banner (Mongolia, 1978).
Stalin Prize of the 2nd degree (1950), State Prize of the USSR (1973).
A street in the village of Biryulka, one of the caves in Gorny Altai, and an auditorium at Novosibirsk State University are named after him. A memorial plaque was installed on the building of the institute headed by him. The A.P. Okladnikov Prize for young scientists of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences was established, as well as a nominal scholarship for students of the Faculty of Humanities of Novosibirsk State University.
Compositions:
Russian polar sailors of the 17th century off the coast of Taimyr. M.-L., 1948;
The Distant Past of Primorye: Essays on the Ancient and Medieval History of Primorsky Krai. Vladivostok, 1959;
Deer Golden Horns. Stories about the hunt for rock paintings. M., 1964; 2nd ed., Khabarovsk, 1989.
Morning art. M., 1967;
Petroglyphs of Transbaikalia (co-authored with V.D. Zaporozhskaya). In 2 parts. L., 1969-1970;
The distant past of Primorye and Amur region (co-authored with A.P. Derevyanko). Vladivostok, 1973.
Neolithic monuments of the Angara. Novosibirsk, 1974;
Neolithic monuments of the Middle Angara. M., 1975;
Neolithic monuments of the Lower Angara. M., 1976;
In Alaska and the Aleutian Islands (co-authored with R.S. Vasilevsky). M., 1976;
Ancient Zashiversk (co-authored with Z.V. Gogolev, E.A. Ashchepkov). M., 1977;
Discovery of Siberia. M., 1979; 3rd ed., 1982;
Petroglyphs of Gorny Altai (co-authored with E. Okladnikova and E. Skorynina). Novosibirsk, 1980;
Petroglyphs of Mongolia. L., 1981;
Paleolithic of Central and East Asia (co-authored with Z. Abramova). M., 1994;
Archeology of North, Central and East Asia. Selected works. M., 2003.
Okladnikov Alexey Pavlovich - Soviet archaeologist, historian, ethnographer. The main works of Okladnikov are devoted to studies of the history of primitive culture, Paleolithic and Neolithic art, the history of Siberia and the Far East.
Born in the family of a teacher. Even at school, he was fond of history and local history. In 1925, Okladnikov entered the University of Irkutsk, where he replenished his knowledge in the "Ethnology" circle of Professor B. E. Petri.
About Alexey Pavlovich Okladnikov they say that he had a unique capacity for work. The academician did not drink, did not smoke, and in life, except for science, nothing else attracted him. But in archeology, he was a real ace. Only the list of works written by Okladnikov amounted to about 80 pages of the smallest text. However, he cannot be classified as an armchair scientist. Alexei Pavlovich's whole life was spent on archaeological expeditions, he traveled the Asian part of the former USSR up and down and often wrote his books, sitting by the fire.
He made scientific discoveries in passing, that is, he literally discovered them under his feet. For example, in 1949, Alexei Pavlovich was on an excursion next to the Egyptian pyramids as part of an international delegation. He, unlike his foreign colleagues who admired the beauty, immediately drew attention to the suspicious stones scattered around the pyramids. These stones had chips that only a man of the Stone Age could make. So he discovered the Egyptian Paleolithic, material evidence of which was searched in vain by scientists all over the world.
In Mongolia, this story repeated itself. The Americans spent huge amounts of money on an archaeological expedition to find traces of the presence of an ancient person there. They searched for several years, but to no avail. Aleksey Pavlovich had just managed to get off the plane when he discovered these traces. On the way from the airport to Ulaanbaatar, he collected a suitcase full of stone finds.
In 1928, Alexey Pavlovich drew attention to one of the most remarkable monuments of rock art in Siberia - the Shishkinsky rocks, the petroglyphs of which were first mentioned in the 18th century by the traveler Miller, and the artist Lorenius made several sketches. Okladnikov, as it were, rediscovered this monument of the ancient art of the peoples of Siberia and spent decades conducting his research there, as a result of which he published two fundamental monographs.
In the 1930s, work began on the identification and study of ancient monuments in the valley of the Angara River, where the construction of a cascade of hydroelectric power stations was planned. Okladnikov headed the Angarsk archaeological expedition, which for three years explored the banks of the Angara for 600 kilometers - from Irkutsk to the village of Bratsk. The small funds allocated for the expedition did not allow at that time to launch excavations of any significant scale. Ancient monuments could only be fixed and, at best, briefly examined.
During the Great Patriotic War, Okladnikov worked in Yakutia. Together with his wife Vera Dmitrievna Zaporzhskaya, he decided to take a boat down the Lena from the village of Konstantinovshchina and explore 5,000 km of the river valley from its source to the shores of the Arctic Ocean.
In 1945, in addition to archaeological research in Yakutia, Okladnikov began excavating the remains of the camp of the Russian polar expedition (dated around 1620) on the northern island of Thaddeus and in the region of the Taimyr Peninsula (Sims Bay). The archaeologist managed to reconstruct the picture of the death of the earliest known expedition of Russian industrialists, who went east along the shores of the Arctic Ocean.
For more than half a century, every summer, Okladnikov went on expeditions to search for and study traces of the presence of an ancient man on the territory of our country. He has the honor of discovering a number of remarkable monuments of the distant past: sites and rock carvings, discovered and studied under his leadership on the Angara, Lena, Kolyma, Selenga, Amur and Ussuri, for the first time made it possible to accurately and fully present the history of the ancient inhabitants of Siberia and the Far East for many years. millennia.
In 1961, Okladnikov went to work at the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences (Novosibirsk, Akdemgorodok). He was appointed director of the Institute of History, Philology and Philosophy. He held this position until his death in 1981. Now Okladnikov's work is continued by his numerous students who work in every city where there is a history department at the university.
1. Let's go on a trip to Russia with archaeologists! Using the text of the textbook, find on the map the location of the Scythian burial mounds on Russian soil. Mark them by sticking deer figurines from the Application.
2. With the help of a large figurine of a deer from the Appendix, designate on the diagram "River of Time" (pp. 40 - 41) the centuries of domination of the Scythians.
Ages of domination of the Scythians from the 7th to the 3rd century BC. e. 
3. Using the textbook "The World Around. Grade 4", make a page of the "Calendar of memorable dates" dedicated to A.P. Okladnikov.
October 3, 2008 marked the 100th anniversary of the birth of the outstanding Russian archaeologist Alexei Pavlovich Okladnikov. He was born in a small taiga village in the upper reaches of the Siberian river Lena in the family of a rural teacher. As a child, Alyosha loved to listen to his grandmother's tales about the Golden Feathers duck and the Golden Horns deer on long winter evenings and dreamed of seeing them in reality. Here is how he will write later about his dream: "... When my travels in Central Asia began, the romantic image of the deer Golden Horns again appeared before me. He came in his quick run from the Black Sea Scythians to their eastern relatives, the Asian Scythians - Saks, climbed to the heights of the Pamirs, and from there went to the distant Mongolian steppes. I again met the Scythian Sun Deer on the Deer Stones and on the rocks of the sanctuary ... in Mongolia."
From his youth, A.P. Okladnikov had a rare talent - the ability to find ancient monuments. His first independent expedition was in Transbaikalia, in the lower reaches of the Selenga River, which flows to Russia from the mountains of Mongolia. Then on the Angara, on the three Stone Islands, he will open the rock paintings. Dozens of generations of ancient people changed at these rocks and left images of the Solar deer, snakes and other animals. So people tried to understand the structure of the world and their place in it.
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Okladnikov Alexey Pavlovich (October 3, 1908 - November 18, 1981).
Okladnikov Alexey Pavlovich - Soviet archaeologist, historian, ethnographer. The main works of Okladnikov are devoted to studies of the history of primitive culture, Paleolithic and Neolithic art, the history of Siberia and the Far East.
Born in the family of a teacher. Even at school, he was fond of history and local history. In 1925, Okladnikov entered the University of Irkutsk, where he replenished his knowledge in the "Ethnology" circle of Professor B. E. Petri.
In 1926 Okladnikov published his first article, Neolithic Sites on the Upper Lena. Two years later he made the first scientific expedition along the river. Lena, they discovered the Shishkinsky petroglyphs.
petroglyphs
About Alexey Pavlovich Okladnikov they say that he had a unique capacity for work. The academician did not drink, did not smoke, and in life, except for science, nothing else attracted him. But in archeology, he was a real ace. Only the list of works written by Okladnikov amounted to about 80 pages of the smallest text. However, he cannot be classified as an armchair scientist. Alexei Pavlovich's whole life was spent on archaeological expeditions, he traveled the Asian part of the former USSR up and down and often wrote his books, sitting by the fire.
He made scientific discoveries in passing, that is, he literally discovered them under his feet. For example, in 1949, Alexei Pavlovich was on an excursion next to the Egyptian pyramids as part of an international delegation. He, unlike his foreign colleagues who admired the beauty, immediately drew attention to the suspicious stones scattered around the pyramids. These stones had chips that only a man of the Stone Age could make. So he discovered the Egyptian Paleolithic, material evidence of which was searched in vain by scientists all over the world.
In Mongolia, this story repeated itself. The Americans spent huge amounts of money on an archaeological expedition to find traces of the presence of an ancient person there. They searched for several years, but to no avail. Aleksey Pavlovich had just managed to get off the plane when he discovered these traces. On the way from the airport to Ulaanbaatar, he collected a suitcase full of stone finds.
In 1928, Alexey Pavlovich drew attention to one of the most remarkable monuments of rock art in Siberia - the Shishkinsky rocks, the petroglyphs of which were first mentioned in the 18th century by the traveler Miller, and the artist Lorenius made several sketches. Okladnikov, as it were, rediscovered this monument of the ancient art of the peoples of Siberia and spent decades conducting his research there, as a result of which he published two fundamental monographs.
In the 1930s, work began on the identification and study of ancient monuments in the valley of the Angara River, where the construction of a cascade of hydroelectric power stations was planned. Okladnikov headed the Angarsk archaeological expedition, which for three years explored the banks of the Angara for 600 kilometers - from Irkutsk to the village of Bratsk. The small funds allocated for the expedition did not allow at that time to launch excavations of any significant scale. Ancient monuments could only be fixed and, at best, briefly examined.
During the Great Patriotic War, Okladnikov worked in Yakutia. Together with his wife Vera Dmitrievna Zaporzhskaya, he decided to take a boat down the Lena from the village of Konstantinovshchina and explore 5,000 km of the river valley from its source to the shores of the Arctic Ocean.
In 1945, in addition to archaeological research in Yakutia, Okladnikov began excavating the remains of the camp of the Russian polar expedition (dated around 1620) on the northern island of Thaddeus and in the region of the Taimyr Peninsula (Sims Bay). The archaeologist managed to restore the picture of the death of the earliest known expedition of Russian industrialists, who went east along the Ber
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Alexey Pavlovich Okladnikov (September 20 (October 3), 1908, the village of Konstantinovka, Irkutsk province - November 18, 1981, Novosibirsk) - Soviet archaeologist, historian, ethnographer.
Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences since 1968 (corresponding member since 1964), Honored Scientist of the Yakut ASSR (1956), RSFSR (1957), Buryat ASSR (1968), foreign member of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences (1974) and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (1976), member Correspondent of the British Academy (1973), laureate of the Stalin Prize (1950) and the State Prize of the USSR (1973). Hero of the Socialist
In honor of Alexei Pavlovich, a cave in Altai is named. The name of Academician Okladnikov was given to the Khabarovsk Museum of Archeology.
about Labor (1978).
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Alexey Pavlovich Okladnikov(September 20 (October 3), 1908, the village of Konstantinovka, Irkutsk province - November 18, 1981, Novosibirsk) - Soviet archaeologist, historian, ethnographer.
Member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR since 1968 in the Department of History (corresponding member since 1964), Honored Scientist of the Yakut ASSR (1956), RSFSR (1957), Buryat ASSR (1968) and Tajik SSR (1978), corresponding member of the British Academy (1973) and Poznan University (Poland), foreign member of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences (1974), honorary member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (1976), laureate of the Stalin Prize (1950) and the State Prize of the USSR (1973). Hero of Socialist Labor (1978).
After graduating from school in 1925, A.P. Okladnikov entered the Irkutsk Pedagogical Institute and studied in the circle of Professor B.E. Petri together with the future famous scientists G.F. Debets and M.M. Gerasimov. Already in 1926, his first scientific work "Neolithic sites on the Upper Lena" was published. In 1929, he rediscovered the Shishkinsky pisanitsy. Okladnikov, a budding scholar, was invited to postgraduate study at the State Academy of Material Culture in Leningrad in 1934. His Ph.D. thesis “Neolithic burial grounds in the valley of the river. Angara" (1938) summed up the archaeological excavations on the Angara.
Since 1961 - Head of the Humanitarian Research Department of the Institute of Economics of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Since 1962 - Professor and Head of the Department of General History of the Novosibirsk State University.
Since 1966 - Director of the Institute of History, Philology and Philosophy of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences (Novosibirsk). In 1979-1981, he headed the editorial board of the book series "Literary Monuments of Siberia" of the East Siberian Book Publishing House (Irkutsk).
Elena Alekseevna Okladnikova(October 13, 1951, Leningrad) - researcher of rock paintings (petroglyphs) of the Altai Mountains, senior researcher. RAS (1996), Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor.
In 1969, having received a diploma from the Faculty of Theory and History of Art of the Leningrad Institute of Painting, he decides to enter the graduate school of the Institute of Archeology of the USSR Academy of Sciences, which he graduated in 1974.
In 1977, as an archaeologist, he defended his PhD thesis. From 1977 to 2008 works in the MAE Kunstkamera (Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography). In 1995, the successful defense of his doctoral dissertation.
Since 1996 E.A. Okladnikova has been working as a senior researcher, and since 2000 as a chief researcher. From 1996 to 1998 he worked as the dean of the faculty at the Institute of Decorative and Applied Arts. In 2001, he was appointed Deputy Director of the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography for Development.
From 2002 to 2009, he worked as a chief researcher in the Americas Department of the MAE RAS. In 2005 he participates in scientific expeditions in Venezuela. In 2008 he works on an expedition in Altai, Transbaikalia, Western Siberia.
Since 2008-2010, annual international scientific conferences have been held under her leadership.
E.A. Okladnikova owns 12 monographs and more than 400 different works. Of these, five are collective monographs, 10 are scientific editions of scientific and theoretical collections, and six are textbooks.
