Higher than the Tatars do not jump over Musa Jalil. The tragic death of Musa Jalil. "Accomplice" of the Nazis in the service of the Fatherland

Musa Jalil was born in 1906 in the village of Mustafino, Orenburg Region, in the family of Mustafa's son Gabdeljamil.

In the summer of 1913, Mustafa's large family, due to everyday problems, sold a house in the village and moved to Orenburg. Here they live in the basement of the Khusainiya madrasah next to the Belek library, which little Musa often visits, and later he begins to receive education at the Khusainiya madrasah.

Since 1919, Musa Jalil has been making his first experiments in poetry. His first poems are notable for their unusual romanticism.

Soon the poet's father dies, and Jalil returns to his native village of Mustafino. Here he forms a society under the name "Red Flower", which is the forerunner of the organization of revolutionary-minded youth. In February 1922, a Komsomol society was formed in the village of Mustafino, which Musa Jalil begins to lead. As he himself noted:

“… In 1920-21, there were many kulak riots and bandits in our area. Detachments of volunteer communards were formed from their village Komsomols against the bandits. I, joining one of these groups, took part in the fight against these gangs. "

After a year of proactive life in his native village, Musa moved to Kazan. At the end of 1923 he entered the Tatar workers' faculty.

In 1925 his first collection was published under the title "Barabyz" (Come). The book was dedicated to international events.

In June 1925, Jalil graduated from the workers' faculty and received a certificate of completion of the full course in the branch of the technician. The diploma of this workers' faculty allowed the writer to enter almost all universities in the country, but Musa decides to take a break in his village.

He is truly worried about the situation of the family. His brother Ibrahim is drafted into the army and fights against the Basmachi in Central Asia, later taking his family there. The elder sister Zaynap leaves to study in Kazan. Only mother and younger sister remain in their native village, they are in great need in those difficult years

During these years, Musa turns into a singer of his native nature, he starts working as a correspondent and becomes a Komsomol activist. In 1926 Musa Jalil became one of the Komsomol instructors.

In the spring of 1927 he was elected a delegate to the All-Union Komsomol meeting. Then he finally decides to enter Moscow University and on June 17, he submits an application to the literary faculty. And later Musa Jalil was called up to work in the Kechkene Ipteshler magazine (Younger Comrades and he moved to Moscow.

After moving to Moscow, Musa immediately begins hard work. He has to carry out significant organizational and creative work. He works in the editorial office of the Kechkene Ipteshler magazine, and a little later as a representative of the Central Committee of the Komsomol in the department of the Council of National Minorities.

June 19, 1931 Musa Jalil graduated from the editorial and journalistic department in the cycle of criticism of the Faculty of Literature and Art of Moscow State University.

In 1932, the magazine "October balalars", where he worked, was closed. Under the name "Pioneer Kaleme" it is transferred to Kazan. Musa goes to work in the editorial office of the central Tatar newspaper "Kommunist". He does not want to leave Moscow, although he is persistently invited to Kazan.

During this period, the government of the Tatar Republic decided to open the Tatar Opera and Ballet Theater in Kazan. Writers and composers offer Musa to head this business, and he is fired up with work in the studio. He selects operatic roles for the studio, works on the theater's repertoire.

In early 1939, Musa Jalil, together with the studio of the Tatar Opera, arrived in Kazan. Day and night rehearsals are going on, work is in full swing, but the Great Patriotic War begins, which will become another and already the last test for the poet.

Musa Jalil immediately asked to go to the front. But he was asked to wait. On July 13, after the premiere of the opera Altynchech, Musa received a summons. He is first sent to the artillery regiment based in Tatarstan as a "horse reconnaissance", or, simply speaking, a sled.

But soon the command learns that Jalil is the author of the libretto of the opera "Altynchech", a popular Tatar poet, former chairman of the Writers' Union, and also a deputy of the city council. They want to demobilize him, but he flatly refuses.
At the end of February 1942, with the very first team of reserve officers, he left for the Volkhov front.

On the night of June 23-24, the 59th Rifle Brigade received an order to fight its way through the fighting in the direction of the village of Teroemets-Kurlyandsky. In view of the importance of the task, the battalion was reinforced with a group of political workers and officers from the army headquarters, among them was Jalil.

In this battle, he was wounded by a shrapnel in his left shoulder and thrown back by the blast. When he comes to his senses, he sees that the Germans surrounded him.

In September 1942, Jalil ended up in a camp near Dvinsk. And at the beginning of November he was transferred to the Polish fortress Deblin.

Here the prisoners are kept in difficult conditions, they are driven into unheated fortress casemates - without bunks, without beds, even without straw bedding. Many people have to spend the night in the open air, under 10-15 degrees below zero. Almost every morning the funeral "kaput team" picks up from 300 to 500 numb corpses.

Towards the end of 1942, a change for the better began in the Deblin camp: POWs began to be treated better, but there was a pattern here: the prisoners began to be sorted by nationality. In Demblin, it is accepted to collect mainly Tatars, Bashkirs, Chuvashes, Mari, Mordvins, Udmurts. The Germans promise them to create on the occupied territory of the autonomous state "Idel-Ural".

Musa Jalil joins this legion "Idel-Ural" and begins to lead an underground organization arranging the escape of prisoners of war.

In February, he and all his associates - Alish, Sattar, Bulatov and Shabaev - move to the open camp in Wustrau. From there they are transferred to Berlin.

At the end of February 1943, the first battalion of the Volga-Tatar Legion, sent to the Eastern Front, under the influence of Jalil's underground organization, after interrupting German officers, passed to the Belarusian partisans.

In March 1943, Musa arrived in Berlin and was accepted to work in the institution "Tatar Mediation" and he had to travel to different camps. He used his travels to organize underground work against the Nazis. He was in Deblin and many times in a camp near Yedlino.

At the end of 1943, he again came to Yedlino. He brings a new installation of the underground center: for after the riot in the first battalion, the Germans no longer allowed to send units of the Tatar Legion to the front. Then Jalil decides to raise a revolt in the legion itself and unite with the Armenian legion that is nearby. And then, joining with the detachments of the Polish partisans to fight their way towards the advancing units of the Red Army. The uprising is scheduled for August 14th. However, on August 11 they were all arrested. Later it became clear who "passed" them. In the first notebook of Jalil, who returned to her homeland, there was a list of underground fighters, and at the bottom there was a bold line and it was written: "Traitor - Yalalutdinov, from Uzbekistan."

After the arrest, all the underground workers are thrown into death row (stone bag) in the Dresden prison.

On August 25, 1944, all patriots were beheaded by guillotine at Ploetzensee prison in Berlin.

April 25, 1953 is rightfully considered the second birthday of Musa Jalil. On this day, for the first time, a selection of Jalil's poems from the Moabit notebook was published on the pages of the Literaturnaya Gazeta. So, the whole world started talking about the feat of the "Tatar Fuchik".

By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of February 2, 1956, Musa Jalil was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for the exceptional resilience and courage shown in battles against the Nazi invaders during the Great Patriotic War.

HERITAGE OF THE HERO-POET - "GREEN STREET"

In the "Moabit Notebook" Musa Jalil wrote that he hopes through poetry to return to his homeland, to his people, to make his very death sound like a song of struggle. These hopes have come true. The name of Musa Jalil, his books are close and dear to millions of people today, help them in their struggle for a better future. But have we done everything to create a "green street" for the poet-hero's creations on the way to readers, in order to truly acquaint them with his work, life and feat?

For the first time in 1935, a small collection of the Tatar poet Musa Jalil was published in Russian. A total of 19 poems, written in 1927-1933. Circulation 3000. But in a large stream of poetic literature this collection did not go unnoticed by critics. Soon a review appeared in the Moscow magazine "Khudozhestvennaya literatura" (1935, No. 9), the author of which, S. Gamalov, saw from the first translations of the poet's poems what constitutes the core of Musa Jalil's poetry:
"A small book of poems by Musa Jalil will bring great joy to the Soviet reader with genuine poetry, combining iron will with soft lyricism, great anger with gentle love."

In subsequent years, such significant works of Jalil as the poems "Letter-bearer", "Altynchech" and others were published in the Tatar language. These are the years of the poet's maturity. Interest in his work and social activities is growing. In March 1941, the Kazan periodicals celebrate the 20th anniversary of Jalil's career and the completion of the libretto of the first Soviet Tatar operas "Altynchech" and "Lachinnar" ("Falcons"), which belong to his pen. However, the poet failed to attend the premieres of the operas: from July 1941 he was in the ranks of the Soviet Army.

Before moving on to the tragic events in the life of Musa Jalil, I would like to offer readers one of my favorite poems of my school years, which sounds fresh, lively and interesting today.

Love and Runny nose

I remember the youth of the year
Dating and quarrels.
I loved mortally then
The beauty from the office.
And, as I would tell about
The poet, avoiding prose,
My love, burning with fire,
Gave flowers in frost.
I caught a runny nose at that time
And, as if in punishment,
I forgot my handkerchief, friends,
Going on a date.
Goodbye love! Success is lost!
I'm sitting. It pours from the nose.
And the nose, as if for a sin,
Bottomless well.
What should I do? What to do?
Not a runny nose, but the elements.
"My soul" - I want to say
And I say: "Apchhi!" - I am.
Why do I endure suffering?
I began to be timid, I confess.
I want to say "love"
But I can't - I blow my nose.
And now, brought to tears,
I sighed very passionately,
But my unforgiving nose
Then he whistled ugly.
Love and runny nose don't want
Get along with each other.
And even though it's not my fault,
It's time for me to hang myself.
I didn’t expect such nonsense!
Again tickles in the throat.
-I ... I ... apchi ... you ... apchi ...-
What do you say to the beauty here?
I took my friend by the hand,
I dared to confess
But there was a bubble - so that it disappeared! -
Inflate under the nose.
I looked: the girl frowned.
And I understood of course
That, like a bubble, her love
Then it burst forever.
And I hear, clenching with shame:
- You know little about love.
Before you go here
I would wipe my nose first.
She left. What a disgrace!
And I am with a sad look
Fuck off (verdict signed)
To the pharmacist for poison.
- You will shed, beauty, plenty of tears
You are for my ordeals! -
I brought home in a bubble ...
For a cold medicine.
And I have never met, friends,
Since then it has never been.
So I was healed in life
From two diseases at once.

Musa Mustafovich Zalilov, senior political instructor, war correspondent for the army newspaper Otvaga, Tatar Soviet poet, was born in 1906 in the village of Mustafino, Sharlyk District, Orenburg Region, into a peasant family. Tatar. Member of the Komsomol since 1919, the CPSU since 1929. He studied at the Soviet Union's school in Orenburg, was a soldier of a special purpose unit. After graduating from the Tatrabfak, he worked as an instructor in the Orsk district committee of the Komsomol, then in the Orenburg province committee of the Komsomol. In 1927 he was elected a member of the Bureau of the Tatar-Bashkir section of the Central Committee of the Komsomol. Later he moved to Moscow, worked and at the same time studied in absentia at the literary faculty of Moscow State University, from which he graduated in 1931.

In the pre-war years, Jalil lived in Kazan and worked as chairman of the Writers' Union of Tatarstan. On the second day of the war, Musa arrived at the military registration and enlistment office, asked to be sent to the front. In July 1941 he was drafted into the Red Army. He graduated from a six-month course of political workers and was sent to the Volkhov front with the rank of senior political instructor. Until July 1942 he worked as a war correspondent for the army newspaper Otvaga.

1942 year. Harsh front-line everyday life began. Jalil was always on the front line, where it was difficult. Fighting friends who fought with him recall how bravely the senior political instructor fought on the Volkhov front, as a war correspondent for the Otvaga newspaper.

On June 26, 1942, the Nazis fired continuously at our positions. The enemy threw more and more reinforcements into the attack.
The forces were too unequal. In heavy defensive battles, the troops of the Volkhov Front with difficulty held back the onslaught of the Nazis. Soldiers and commanders fought heroically for every meter of land. In one of the counterattacks near the village of Myasnoy Bor, Musa Jalil was seriously wounded. He was lying in a ditch, which was quickly filled with water. In an unconscious state, Musa was taken prisoner, for a long time he was on the verge of life and death. Prisoners of war who knew their poet well came out of it.
Later Musa Jalil was thrown into a camp, then prisons, fascist torture chambers: Moabit, Spandau, Pletzensee.

In a camp near Radom, in Poland, Jalil headed an underground organization of prisoners of war. The fascists at that time wanted to create special legions from among the prisoners of non-Russian nationality. The legion, formed near Radom, was sent to the front, but in the area of \u200b\u200bGomel turned its weapons against the Nazis. With the help of a traitor, the Gestapo managed to uncover the underground organization. Jalil and his fighting friends were arrested and sent to Moabit prison. But neither the torture nor the death row broke Musa. Jalil remained a Soviet poet to the end. On scraps of paper, with a stub of a pencil, he wrote poetry, as he himself put it, "on the block under the executioner's ax," filled with a thirst for freedom and a passionate appeal to the fight against fascism.
Heroism is the essence of Jalil's poetry. He himself died as a hero - without bowing his head, unconquered. He was executed on 25 August 1944 in a military prison in Berlin.

Streets, a ship, a young city in Tataria are named after Jalil. A monument has been erected in Kazan. A memorial plaque was installed on the building of the Ukom in Orsk, where Jalil worked. An opera, a novel, dozens of poems and poems have been written about the Hero.

Pages from M. Jalil's diary

I'm not afraid of death. This is not an empty phrase when we say that we despise death. This is actually the case. A great sense of patriotism, full consciousness of their social duty kills fear.

When the thought of death comes, you think like this: there is still life after death, not “life in the next world”, which was preached by the priests and mullahs, but life in the minds, in the memory of the people. If I did something important, needed by people, then I deserve this other life - “life after death”. They will remember, talk, write about me. If I deserve it, then why be afraid of death! The purpose of life is precisely this: to live so that after death does not die.

So I think: if I die in the Patriotic War, showing courage, then this death is not at all bad. After all, someday, according to the law of nature, my existence will end, the thread of my life will break. If they don't kill me, I will die in bed. Yes, of course, then, perhaps, I will die in a ripe old age, and in the 30-40 years remaining until that moment, I will be able to create good things, bring many benefits to society. This is, of course, correct. To live more means to work harder, to bring more benefits to society. Therefore, fear of death does not mean that we do not want to live and therefore despise death. And if this death is necessary, if it can bring as much benefit as a 30-40-year working life before old age, then there is no need to fear that I died early.

"He lived and worked for the Motherland, and when it was necessary he died for the Motherland." And such death is already the immortality of man!

If you think like that, death is not at all terrible. But we not only reason, but this is how we feel, feel. And this means - such a consciousness has entered our character, into our blood ... "

Several years ago, a very thick parcel from Germany came to the Writers' Union of the Republic of Tatarstan. It contained several manuscripts concerning Musa Jalil and his comrades. Among them were also the memories of a certain Anwar Galim. In Berlin, A. Galim often met and communicated closely with Musa Jalil and his comrades. In the summer of 1945, he was in their prison, where he met with Mullah Usman, who had come to say goodbye to the Tatar prisoners from the Koran before his execution. Mulla Usman was captured in Germany during the First World War. Later he started a family here and stayed to live. During World War II, he acted as a mullah in the Tatar committee. He also knew Musa Jalil and his comrades well. We invite our readers to get acquainted with the memoirs of Mullah Usman, recorded by A. Galim after their meeting in Berlin. The translation is published for the first time.

The author of the published memoirs - Anvar Galim (real name Anvar Aydagulov, other pseudonyms A. Hamidi, R. Karimi) graduated from the department of the Tatar language and literature of the Kazan Pedagogical Institute before the war. With the outbreak of World War II, he was drafted into the army and was taken prisoner during fierce battles. First he is in various POW camps, then he is transferred to Berlin. After the war, he worked in Munich as editor of the "Vatan" ("Motherland") magazine, as well as an announcer-commentator at the Azatlyk radio station. Having reached retirement age, Anwar Galim moved to the United States of America. Died in New York on March 3, 1988.

Rafael MUSTAFIN
writer

Death Quran:

The secret of the death of Musa Jalil and his associates.

Memories of Uthman, son of Galim, recorded by Anwar Galim

“To be imprisoned for political reasons in any country, especially in wartime, is an ordeal. No state tolerates actions directed against it. That is why I assumed that the position of Musa and his comrades would not be easy. And so it happened. When they were being shot, I was also summoned as a Muslim priest.

I cannot forget that day. And it’s impossible to forget him. On August 20 last year (1944) Shafi called me and said: "On August 25, they will carry out the death sentence for Musa and his comrades, your presence is necessary, the Chief Mufti informed about this." Early that morning I went to Pletzensee Prison and first spoke to the prison pastor. The pastor was delighted with my arrival. He informed me that the Tatars would be shot at 12 o'clock. According to the pastor, the Tatars sentenced to death are in one large room, and they could not believe that they would be shot. They always received the pastor warmly and expressed their complaints to him.

At about 11 o'clock, the pastor and I went to the sentenced Tatars. Since I was visiting prisoners sentenced to death for the first time, I was at a loss, I did not know what to say ... It seemed to me that any of my words would be out of place. Everything is clear anyway: everyone is drooping, everyone is at a loss, in confusion. When I entered, everyone raised their heads and looked at me. It seemed to me that they didn’t want to talk to me ... Waiting for the last minutes of life was endlessly difficult. A shiver came over me, at first I was thrown into the cold, then into the heat.

First, I handed the Koran to Alish and whispered something to him (I don’t remember what exactly). He slowly got up, put his hand on the Koran and began to cry. Everyone experienced mental anguish. I say sincere, because, according to the pastor, the prisoners were not subjected to such barbarism as beatings and torture.

I went up to Garif Shabaev and handed him the Koran. When he put his hand on him, I asked: "Didn't they torture?" He replied: "No, there was no torture." I went up to everyone, stretched out the Koran, and everyone, putting their hand on it, said: “Forgive me, goodbye” (Tat. - “Behil, behil” approx. Per). Ahmet Simai, putting his hand, said: "Usman effendi, we did not expect that it would be like this, we did not expect it." The last one I approached was Musa. I handed him the Koran. He put his hand and whispered: "Goodbye, this is fate, we did not think that we would be killed."

Mullah Usman's words were news to me. I wanted to ask him more about this, but somehow I could not: my lips did not obey me. At that moment, Mrs. Louise (wife of Mulla Usman, German by nationality - author's note) entered and invited Mullah Usman to dinner. I bowed my head low and went out ...

Comments

Many people, after reading these memories, may think that Musu and his comrades were SHOT, and not beheaded. How can you not believe, because the mullah himself, swore by the Koran! However, let's not rush to conclusions, let's think together.

Mullah Usman himself was not present during the execution. He only suggests. “Because,” he says, “they are military men, they don’t hang the military, they shoot the military, this is so in all countries…”. And he is deeply mistaken. In Nazi Germany, especially since July 1944, after the assassination attempt on Hitler, the military was punished in different ways: they were shot, hanged, and sometimes their heads were cut off. (This is exactly what they did to those who attempted the Fuehrer's life.)

The prison pastor mentioned by the mullah, pastor Yurytko, survived. I had corresponded with him many years before. Although he himself was not present at the execution, he remembers Musa and his comrades well. According to him, they were HANGED.

Such different versions are natural, because the Nazis did not allow anyone close during the execution. This abomination was carried out in a closed manner. The place of execution - a gloomy one-story building (it has survived to this day) - is located a little further from the Pletzensee prison yard. There the prisoners were shot and hanged and their heads chopped off.

And if so, the only source that can be trusted is only a document, an act drawn up by the executioners themselves.
The originals of these documents are still kept in the archives of the Pletzensee prison. Nobody expressed doubts about their authenticity. According to these documents, the Jalilevites were executed by chopping off their heads on the GUILLOTINE on August 25, 1944 between 12.06 and 12.36.

The second tricky question concerns the belief of Jalil and his companions in Allah. Mullah Usman believes that they could not have received the mullah and not talked to him because they are communists. But after the convicts said goodbye, putting their hands on the Koran, he concludes: "Apparently, their communism has been defeated." By the way, it was this fact that prevented the publication of these memories. While emphasizing the courage and heroism of the Jalilevites, on the one hand, it turns out that we have completely forgotten about the other side. Yes, they really stood up courageously, fought tirelessly against the Nazis in the most difficult conditions. They secretly organized a society, distributed leaflets. (Anwar Galim's memoirs also mention this.)

But they are also real people! They were all young, around the age of 25-27, and all faced death. The oldest among them, Musa, was 38 years old.
Naturally, before death, people find themselves in confusion, confusion, depression, say goodbye to life with the Koran in their hands ... Is this their weakness or humanity? Apparently the last ...

We must not forget that the mother of Musa Jalil Rahim apa was the daughter of a mullah. In their house in the village of Mustafino, Orenburg region, in addition to the Koran, there were many religious books. Therefore, Musa was brought up in the spirit of Islam from childhood. In the Orenburg madrasah "Khusainiya", like everyone else, he studied religious subjects and, according to his comrades, knew by heart some of the suras of the Koran. Indeed, in the Soviet era, Jalil was a member of the Komsomol, then he joined the Communist Party, renounced religion, opposed it. However, at the hour of death, he returned to religion, apparently, faith still lived in him, despite outward renunciation.

Musa Jalil and his associates.

One more explanation needs to be made here. Mulla Usman, relying on the words of the pastor, says that there was no rude treatment of prisoners, beating or torture. Even Garif Shabai answered his question: "No, there was no torture." Perhaps at one time we slightly embellished this side. In reality, it was different: some were beaten, some were tortured, some were not.
Many saw that Musa was returning from interrogations beaten and exhausted. I saw with my own eyes the red stripes from the whip on the back of Rushat Khisametdinov, who was arrested together with Musa, and miraculously survived. Much depended on who and how he would behave, to which investigator he got ...

After the death of Mullah Uthman, the aforementioned Koran was at first in Germany, then passed into the custody of the Tatars living in America. During the days of the First World Congress of Tatars, our compatriot brought this holy book to Kazan and handed it over to the famous scientist Mirkasim Usmanov. He donated the book to the Musa Jalil Museum. Now the Koran is the most valuable exhibit in the museum.

Watch preliminary "Logicology - about the fate of man".

Consider the tables of the FULL NAME code. \\ If your screen has an offset of numbers and letters, adjust the image scale \\.

9 10 22 32 44 59 62 75 95 113 114 127 147 165 184 185 206 221 224 234 258
Z A L I L O V M U S A M U S T A F O V I Ch
258 249 248 236 226 214 199 196 183 163 145 144 131 111 93 74 73 52 37 34 24

13 33 51 52 65 85 103 122 123 144 159 162 172 196 205 206 218 228 240 255 258
M U S A M U S T A F O V I Ch Z A L I L O V
258 245 225 207 206 193 173 155 136 135 114 99 96 86 62 53 52 40 30 18 3

MUSA MUSTAFOVICH ZALILOV \u003d 258.

(on) M (erennoe) U (bey) S (t) + (n) AM (erennoe) U (bey) S (s) + (ka) TA (str) F (a) + (from shot) OV + (prob) I (t) H (erep) + ZA (stre) LI (li in go) LOV (y)

258 \u003d, M, Y, S, +, AM, Y, S, +, TA, F, +, OV +, I, H, + ZA, LI, LOV ,.

5 8 9 14 37 38 57 86 102 134 153 168 174 175 178 182 202 220 239 240
D W A D C A T P Z T O E A C G U S T A
240 235 232 231 226 203 202 183 154 138 106 87 72 66 65 62 58 38 20 1

In-depth decryption offers the following options, in which all columns match:

(from evil) D (eust) VA (stop ser) DTSA + (death) T + P (st) I (mi) (ubi) T + (bullet) OE (r) A (nenie) V G (tin) U + (o) STA (new heart)

240 \u003d, D, VA, DTSA +, Tb + P, I, T +, OE, A, B G, +, STA, ...

(pre) D (intentional) (assassin) B (o) + (stop) A (ser) DTSA + (death) T + P (ul) I (mi) (kill) T + (bullet) OE (p) A (nenie) V G (tin) U + (o) STA (new heart)

240 \u003d, D, V, A, DTSA +, Tb + P, I, T +, OE, A, B G, +, STA, ...

Code for the number of full YEARS OF LIFE: 123-THIRTY + 84-EIGHT \u003d 207.

19 36 46 51 74 75 94 123 126 141 159 165 178 207
THIRTY EIGHT
207 188 171 161 156 133 132 113 84 81 66 48 42 29

In-depth decryption offers the following option, in which all columns match:

(high) TR (elam) I (ser) DTSA (death) Tb + (assassin) VO + (for) C (trill) E (n) + (s) M (ert) b

207 \u003d, TR, I, DTSA, Tb +, BO +, C, E, +, M, b.

We look at the column in the lower table of the FULL NAME code:

The daily audience of the Proza.ru portal is about 100 thousand visitors, who in total view more than half a million pages according to the traffic counter, which is located to the right of this text. Each column contains two numbers: the number of views and the number of visitors.

Earth! .. To take a break from captivity,
To be free to be in a draft ...
But they freeze over the groans of the walls,
The heavy door is locked.

Oh, heaven with a winged soul!
I would give so much for a swing! ..
But the body at the bottom of the casemate
And the captive hands are in chains.

Freedom splashes with rain
In happy faces of flowers!
But it goes out under the stone vault
The breath of weakening words.

I know - in the arms of the light
So sweet is the moment of being!
But I'm dying ... and this—
The last song is mine.

Eleven death row

On August 25, 1944, 11 members of the Idel-Ural legion, a unit created by the Nazis from Soviet prisoners of war, primarily Tatars, were executed on charges of treason in the Berlin Ploetzensee prison.

Eleven of those sentenced to death were an asset of an underground anti-fascist organization that managed to corrupt the legion from within and thwart German plans.

The procedure of execution on the guillotine in Germany was debugged to automatism - it took the executioners about half an hour to behead the "criminals". Executors scrupulously recorded the order of execution and even the time of death of each person.

Fifth, at 12:18, lost his life writer Musa Gumerov... Musa Mustafovich Zalilov, aka Musa Jalil, a poet, whose main poems became known to the world a decade and a half after his death, died under this name.

In the beginning was "Happiness"

Musa Jalil was born on February 15, 1906 in the village of Mustafino, Orenburg province, in the family of the peasant Mustafa Zalilov.

Musa Jalil in his youth. Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org

Musa was the sixth child in the family. “I first went to study at the village mekteb (school), and after moving to the city, I went to the primary classes of the Khusainiya madrasah (theological school). When my relatives left for the village, I stayed in the madrasah boarding house, ”Jalil wrote in his autobiography. “During these years, Khusainiya was far from the same. The October Revolution, the struggle for Soviet power, its strengthening greatly influenced the madrasah. Within “Husainiya”, the struggle between the children of bays, mullahs, nationalists, defenders of religion and the sons of the poor, revolutionary-minded youth is intensifying. I always stood on the side of the latter, and in the spring of 1919 I signed up for the newly formed Orenburg Komsomol organization, fought to spread the influence of the Komsomol in the madrasah. "

But even before Musa was carried away by revolutionary ideas, poetry entered his life. The first poems that have not survived, he wrote in 1916. And in 1919, in the newspaper "Kyzyl Yoldyz" ("Red Star"), which was published in Orenburg, Jalil's first poem was published, which was called "Happiness". Since then, Musa's poems have been published regularly.

"Some of us will be missed"

After the Civil War, Musa Jalil graduated from the rabfak, was engaged in Komsomol work, and in 1927 entered the literary department of the ethnological faculty of Moscow State University. After its reorganization, in 1931 he graduated from the literary faculty of Moscow State University.

Jalil's classmates, then Musa Zalilov, noted that at the beginning of his studies he did not speak Russian very well, but he studied with great diligence.

After graduating from the literary faculty, Jalil was the editor of Tatar children's magazines published by the Central Committee of the Komsomol, then the head of the department of literature and art of the Tatar newspaper "Kommunist", published in Moscow.

In 1939, Jalil and his family moved to Kazan, where he took the position of executive secretary of the Writers' Union of the Tatar ASSR.

On June 22, 1941, Musa and his family were going to a friend's dacha. At the station he was overtaken by the news of the beginning of the war.

The trip was not canceled, but the light-hearted country conversations were replaced by conversations about what lies ahead.

“After the war, some of us will be missing ...,” Jalil said to his friends.

Missing

The very next day he went to the military registration and enlistment office with a request to send him to the front, but they refused and offered to wait for the summons to arrive. The wait did not drag on - Jalil was called on on July 13, initially assigning a mounted reconnaissance to the artillery regiment.

RIA News

At this time the premiere of the opera "Altynchech" took place in Kazan, the libretto for which was written by Musa Jalil. The writer was released on leave, and he came to the theater in military uniform. After that, the command of the unit found out what kind of fighter they serve.

They wanted to demobilize Jalil or leave him in the rear, but he himself resisted attempts to save him: “My place is among the soldiers. I must be at the front and beat the fascists. "

As a result, at the beginning of 1942, Musa Jalil went to the Leningrad Front as an employee of the front-line newspaper Otvaga. He spent a lot of time on the front line, collecting the material necessary for publications, as well as carrying out orders from the command.

In the spring of 1942, senior political instructor Musa Jalil was among the fighters and commanders of the Second Shock Army who were surrounded by Hitler. On June 26 he was wounded and taken prisoner.

How this happened can be learned from the surviving poem by Musa Jalil, one of the ones written in captivity:

"What to do?
Rejected the word friend-gun.
The enemy has shackled my half-dead hands,
The dust covered my bloody trail. "

Apparently, the poet was not going to surrender, but fate decided otherwise.

At home, for many years, he was assigned the status of “missing”.

Legion "Idel-Ural"

With the rank of political instructor, Musa Jalil could have been shot in the first days of his stay in the camp. However, none of his comrades in misfortune betrayed him.

There were different people in the POW camp - someone lost heart, broke down, and someone was eager to continue the fight. Of these, an underground anti-fascist committee was formed, of which Musa Jalil became a member.

The failure of the blitzkrieg and the beginning of a protracted war forced the Nazis to reconsider their strategy. If earlier they relied only on their own strength, now they decided to play the "national card", trying to attract representatives of different peoples to cooperation. In August 1942, an order was signed to create the Idel-Ural legion. It was planned to create it from among Soviet prisoners of war, representatives of the peoples of the Volga region, primarily the Tatars.

Musa Jalil with his daughter Chulpan. Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org

The Hitlerites hoped, with the help of Tatar political emigrants during the Civil War, to educate from former prisoners of war convinced opponents of the Bolsheviks and Jews.

Legionary candidates were separated from other prisoners of war, freed from hard work, better fed, and treated.

There was a discussion among the underground - how to relate to what was happening? It was proposed to boycott the invitation to enter the service of the Germans, but the majority was in favor of another idea - to join the legion, so that, having received weapons and equipment from the Nazis, they could prepare an uprising inside the Idel-Ural.

So Musa Jalil and his comrades "embarked on the path of struggle against Bolshevism."

The underground in the heart of the Third Reich

It was a deadly game. "Writer Gumerov" managed to earn the trust of the new leaders and received the right to engage in cultural and educational work among the legionnaires, as well as to publish the newspaper of the legion. Jalil, driving around the prisoner of war camps, established conspiratorial connections and, under the guise of selecting amateur artists for the choir chapel created in the legion, recruited new members of the underground organization.

The effectiveness of the underground was incredible. The Idel-Ural Legion did not become a full-fledged combat unit. His battalions raised uprisings and went to the partisans, the legionnaires deserted in groups and singly, trying to get to the location of the Red Army units. Where the Nazis managed to prevent a direct rebellion, things were also not going well - German commanders reported that the soldiers of the legion were not able to conduct hostilities. As a result, the legionnaires from the Eastern Front were transferred to the West, where they also did not really show themselves.

However, the Gestapo did not sleep either. The underground workers were identified, and in August 1943 all the leaders of the underground organization, including Musa Jalil, were arrested. This happened just a few days before the start of the general uprising of the Idel-Ural legion.

Poems from fascist dungeons

The underground members were sent to the dungeons of the Berlin prison Moabit. They interrogated them with passion, using all imaginable and unimaginable forms of torture. Beaten and mutilated people were sometimes taken to Berlin, stopping in crowded places. The prisoners were shown a piece of peaceful life, and then returned to the prison, where the investigator offered to extradite all accomplices, promising in exchange a life similar to that which flows on the Berlin streets.

It was very difficult not to break. Everyone was looking for their own ways to hold on. For Musa Jalil, this method was writing poetry.

Soviet prisoners of war were not entitled to paper for letters, but Jalil was helped by prisoners from other countries who were sitting with him. He also tore off blank margins from newspapers that were allowed in prison, and sewed small notebooks from them. In them he recorded his works.

The investigator in charge of the underground workers' case honestly told Jalil during one of the interrogations that what they had done would be enough for 10 death sentences, and the best that he could hope for was execution. But, most likely, the guillotine awaits them.

A reproduction of the cover of "The Second Maobit Notebook" by poet Musa Jalil, transferred to the Soviet Embassy by the Belgian Andre Timmermans. Photo: RIA Novosti

The verdict was passed to the underground workers in February 1944, and from that moment on, every day could be their last.

"I will die standing, without asking for forgiveness"

Those who knew Musa Jalil said that he was a very cheerful person. But more than the inevitable execution, in imprisonment he was disturbed by the thought that at home they would not find out what had become of him, they would not know that he was not a traitor.

He handed over his notebooks, written in Moabit, to his fellow prisoners, those who did not face the death penalty.

On August 25, 1944, the underground members of Musa Jalil, Gaynan Kurmashev, Abdullah Alish, Fuat Sayfulmulukov, Fuat Bulatov, Garif Shabaev, Akhmet Simaev, Abdulla Battalov, Zinnat Khasanov, Akhat Atnashevand Salim Bukhalov were executed in Plötzensee prison. The Germans who were present in the prison and who saw them in the last minutes of their lives said that they behaved with amazing dignity. Assistant Overseer Paul Dürrhauer told: "I have never seen people go to the place of execution with their heads held high and singing a song at the same time."

No, you're lying, cry, I won't get down on my knees,
Throw it into the walls, even sell it for slaves!
I will die standing without asking for forgiveness
At least cut my head with an ax!
I regret that I am those who are related to you,
Not a thousand - only a hundred destroyed.
For it would be with his people
I asked forgiveness on my knees.
Traitor or Hero?

Musa Jalil's fears that they would talk about him at home were justified. In 1946, the USSR Ministry of State Security opened a search file against him. He was accused of treason and aiding the enemy. In April 1947, Musa Jalil's name was included in the list of especially dangerous criminals.

The basis for suspicion was German documents, from which it followed that the "writer Gumerov" voluntarily entered the service of the Germans, joining the Idel-Ural legion.

Musa Jalil. Monument in Kazan. Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org / Liza vetta

Musa Jalil's works were forbidden to be published in the USSR, the poet's wife was summoned for interrogation. The competent authorities assumed that he might be on the territory of Germany, occupied by the Western allies, and conduct anti-Soviet activities.

But back in 1945, in Berlin, Soviet soldiers discovered a note by Musa Jalil, in which he talked about the fact that together with his comrades he was sentenced to death as an underground worker, and asked to inform his relatives about it. In a roundabout way, through writer Alexander Fadeev, this note reached the Jalil family. But suspicions of treason were not removed from him.

In 1947, a notebook with poems was sent from the Soviet consulate in Brussels to the USSR. These were poems by Musa Jalil, written in the Moabit prison. I took my notebook out of prison the poet's cellmate, Belgian Andre Timmermans... Several more notebooks were handed over by former Soviet prisoners of war who were part of the Idel-Ural legion. Some notebooks survived, others then disappeared in the archives of the special services.

Symbol of Fortitude

As a result, two notebooks containing 93 poems fell into the hands poet Konstantin Simonov... He organized the translation of poems from Tatar into Russian, combining them into the collection "Moabit Notebook".

In 1953, on the initiative of Simonov, an article about Musa Jalil was published in the central press, in which all charges of treason were dropped from him. Some of the poems written by the poet in prison were also published.

Soon the Moabit Notebook was published as a separate book.

By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of February 2, 1956, for exceptional staunchness and courage shown in the fight against the Nazi invaders, Musa Mustafovich Zalilov (Musa Jalil) was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously).

In 1957, Musa Jalil was posthumously awarded the Lenin Prize for the cycle of poems "Moabit Notebook".

Musa Jalil's poems, translated into 60 languages \u200b\u200bof the world, are considered an example of great courage and resilience before the monster, whose name is Nazism. "Moabit Notebook" became on a par with "Reporting with a noose around the neck" by the Czechoslovakian writer and journalist Julius Fucik, who, like Jalil, wrote his main work in Hitler's dungeons awaiting execution.

Don't frown, friend— we are only sparks of life
We are stars flying in the darkness ...
We will go out, but the bright day of the Fatherland
It will rise on our sunny land.

Courage and loyalty are by our side
And that's all - what makes our youth strong ...
Well my friend, not with timid hearts
We will meet death. She is not afraid of us.

No, nothing disappears without a trace
The darkness outside the prison walls is not eternal.
And the young - someday - will know
How we lived And we died!

Moabit notebooks - sheets of decayed paper, covered with small handwriting of the Tatar poet Musa Jalil in the dungeons of the Berlin prison Moabit, where the poet died in 1944 (was executed). Despite his death in captivity, in the USSR after the war, Jalil, like many others, was considered a traitor, a search case was opened. He was accused of treason and aiding the enemy. In April 1947, the name of Musa Jalil was included in the list of especially dangerous criminals, although everyone understood perfectly well that the poet was executed. Jalil was one of the leaders of an underground organization in a fascist concentration camp. In April 1945, when Soviet troops stormed the Reichstag, in the empty Berlin Moabit prison, among the books scattered by the explosion of the prison library, the fighters found a piece of paper on which it was written in Russian: “I, the famous poet Musa Jalil, have been imprisoned in the Moabit prison as a prisoner, who has been charged with political charges and will probably be shot soon ... "

Musa Jalil (Zalilov) was born in the Orenburg region, Mustafino village, in 1906 as the sixth child in the family. His mother was the daughter of a mullah, but Musa himself did not show much interest in religion - in 1919 he joined the Komsomol. He began to write poetry at the age of eight, before the start of the war he published 10 collections of poetry. When he studied at the literary faculty of Moscow State University, he lived in the same room with the now famous writer Varlam Shalamov, who described him in the story “Student Musa Zalilov”: “Musa Zalilov was small in stature, fragile build. Musa was a Tatar and, like any "national", was received in Moscow more than cordially. Musa had many merits. Komsomolets - time! Tatar - two! Russian university student - three! Writer - four! Poet - five! Musa was a Tatar poet, muttered his verses in his native language, and this even more won over Moscow student hearts. "

Jalil is remembered by all as an extremely cheerful person - he loved literature, music, sports, friendly meetings. Musa worked in Moscow as an editor of Tatar children's magazines, in charge of the department of literature and art of the Tatar newspaper "Kommunist". Since 1935, he has been called to Kazan - the head of the literary section of the Tatar Opera and Ballet Theater. After much persuasion, he agrees and in 1939 he moved to Tataria with his wife Amina and daughter Chulpan. A man who did not occupy the last place in the theater was also the executive secretary of the Writers' Union of Tatarstan, a deputy of the Kazan city council, when the war began, he had the right to stay in the rear. But Jalil refused the armor.

On July 13, 1941, Jalil receives a summons. First, he was sent to the courses of political workers. Then - the Volkhov front. He ended up in the famous Second Shock Army, in the editorial office of the Russian newspaper "Otvaga", located among the swamps and rotten forests near Leningrad. “My dear Chulpanochka! Finally I went to the front to beat the fascists, ”he wrote in a letter home. “The other day I returned from a ten-day trip to units of our front, was on the front line, performing a special mission. The trip was difficult, dangerous, but very interesting. All the time I was under fire. Three nights in a row did not sleep, ate on the go. But I saw a lot, ”he wrote to his Kazan friend, literary critic Gazi Kashshaf in March 1942. Jalil's last letter from the front, in June 1942, was also addressed to Kashshaf: “I continue to write poetry and songs. But rarely. Once, and the situation is different. We have fierce battles going on all around us. We fight hard, not for life, but for death ... "

Musa with this letter tried to send all his written poems to the rear. Eyewitnesses say that he always carried a thick, shabby notebook in his travel bag, in which he wrote down everything he wrote. But where today this notebook is unknown. By the time he wrote this letter, the Second Shock Army was already completely surrounded and cut off from the main forces. Already in captivity, he will reflect this difficult moment in the poem "Forgive me, Motherland": "The last moment - and there is no shot! My pistol has changed for me ..."

First - a prisoner of war camp at the Siverskaya station of the Leningrad region. Then - the foreground of the ancient Dvina fortress. A new stage - on foot, past ruined villages and villages - Riga. Then - Kaunas, outpost No. 6 on the outskirts of the city. In the last days of October 1942, Jalil was brought to the Polish fortress Demblin, built under Catherine II. The fortress was surrounded by several rows of barbed wire, sentry posts with machine guns and searchlights were installed. In Demblin, Jalil met Gaynan Kurmash. The latter, being the commander of the scouts, in 1942, as part of a special group, was thrown behind enemy lines on a mission and was taken prisoner by Germany. Basically, prisoners of war from the Volga and Ural regions - Tatars, Bashkirs, Chuvashes, Mari, Mordvins, Udmurts - were gathered in Demblin.

The Nazis needed not only cannon fodder, but also people who could inspire the legionnaires to fight against their homeland. They were supposed to be educated people. Teachers, doctors, engineers. Writers, journalists and poets. In January 1943, Jalil, along with other selected "inspirers", was brought to the Wustrau camp near Berlin. This camp was unusual. It consisted of two parts: closed and open. The first was the usual prisoners of the camp barracks, however, designed only for a few hundred people. There were no towers or barbed wire around the open camp: clean one-story houses painted with oil paint, green lawns, flower beds, a club, a canteen, a rich library with books in different languages \u200b\u200bof the peoples of the USSR.

They were also driven to work, but in the evenings there were classes in which the so-called educational leaders probed and selected people. Those selected were placed in the second territory - in an open camp, for which it was required to sign the appropriate paper. In this camp, the prisoners were taken to the dining room, where a hearty dinner awaited them, to the bathhouse, after which they were given clean linen and civilian clothes. Then classes were held for two months. The prisoners studied the state structure of the Third Reich, its laws, the program and the charter of the Nazi party. Classes in German were held. For the Tatars, lectures were given on the history of the Idel-Ural. For Muslims - classes in Islam. Those who graduated from the courses were given money, a civil passport and other documents. They were sent to work on the distribution of the Ministry of the occupied eastern regions - to German factories, to scientific organizations or legions, military and political organizations.

In the closed camp, Jalil and his associates carried out underground work. The group already included journalist Rahim Sattar, children's writer Abdullah Alish, engineer Fuat Bulatov, economist Garif Shabaev. All of them for the sake of appearance agreed to cooperate with the Germans, in the words of Musa, in order to "blow up the legion from the inside." In March, Musa and his friends were transferred to Berlin. Musa was listed as an employee of the Tatar Committee of the Eastern Ministry. He did not occupy any specific position in the committee, carried out separate assignments, mainly for cultural and educational work among prisoners of war.

The meetings of the underground committee, or Jalilians, as it is customary among researchers to call Jalil's associates, were held under the guise of friendly parties. The ultimate goal was a legionnaire uprising. For conspiracy purposes, the underground organization consisted of small groups of 5-6 people each. Among the underground workers were those who worked in a Tatar newspaper published by the Germans for legionnaires, and they were faced with the task of making the newspaper's work harmless and boring, preventing the appearance of anti-Soviet articles. Someone worked in the radio broadcasting department of the Ministry of Propaganda and set up the reception of reports from the Soviet Information Bureau. The underground workers also set up the production of anti-fascist leaflets in Tatar and Russian - they typed them on a typewriter and then reproduced them on a hectograph.

The activities of the Jalilians could not fail to be noticed. In July 1943, the Battle of Kursk was rumbled far to the east, which ended in complete failure of the German plan "Citadel". At this time, the poet and his comrades are still at large. But for each of them, the Security Directorate already had a solid dossier. The last meeting of the underground members took place on August 9. On it Musa said that contact with the partisans and the Red Army had been established. The uprising was scheduled for August 14th. However, on August 11, all the "cultural propagandists" were summoned to the soldiers' canteen, allegedly for a rehearsal. Here all the "artists" were arrested. In the courtyard, to intimidate, Jalil was beaten in front of the detainees.

Jalil knew that he and his friends were doomed to be executed. In the face of his death, the poet experienced an unprecedented creative rise. He realized that he had never written as he is now. He was in a hurry. It was necessary to leave the thoughtful and accumulated to people. He wrote at this time not only patriotic poems. In his words - not only longing for the homeland, relatives or hatred of Nazism. In them, surprisingly, - lyrics, humor.

“Let the wind of death be colder than ice,
he will not disturb the petals of the soul.
The look shines with a proud smile again,
and forgetting the vanity of the world,
I want again, without knowing the barriers,
write, write, write without getting tired. "

In Moabit, Andre Timmermans, a Belgian patriot, was sitting in a "stone sack" with Jalil. Musa cut strips from the fields of newspapers with a razor, which were brought to the Belgian. From this he was able to sew notebooks. On the last page of the first notebook with poems, the poet wrote: “To a friend who can read Tatar: this was written by the famous Tatar poet Musa Jalil ... He fought at the front in 1942 and was taken prisoner. ... He will be sentenced to death. He will die. But he will have 115 verses written in captivity and imprisonment. He worries about them. Therefore, if the book falls into your hands, carefully, attentively rewrite them completely, save them and inform Kazan after the war, publish them as poems of the deceased poet of the Tatar people. This is my testament. Musa Jalil. 1943. December ".

The Jalilevites were sentenced to death in February 1944. They were executed only in August. For six months of imprisonment, Jalil also wrote poetry, but none of them survived. Only two notebooks have survived, which contain 93 poems. Nigmat Teregulov took the first notebook out of prison. He transferred it to the Writers' Union of Tatarstan in 1946. Soon Teregulov was arrested in the USSR and died in the camp. The second notebook, along with things, was forwarded to Andre Timmermans's mother, through the Soviet embassy it was also transferred to Tatarstan in 1947. Today the real Moabit notebooks are kept in the literary fund of the Kazan Jalil Museum.

On August 25, 1944, 11 Jalilevites were executed in the Ploetzensei prison in Berlin by guillotine. In the column "accusation" in the cards of the convicts it was written: "Undermining power, helping the enemy." Jalil was executed fifth, the time was 12:18. An hour before the execution, the Germans arranged a meeting between the Tatars and the mullah. Memories recorded from his words have been preserved. Mulla did not find words of consolation, and the Jalilevites did not want to communicate with him. Almost without words, he handed them the Koran - and all of them, putting their hands on the book, said goodbye to life. The Koran was brought to Kazan in the early 1990s; it is kept in this museum. It is still not known where the grave of Jalil and his associates is. This haunts neither Kazan nor German researchers.

Jalil guessed how the Soviet government would react to the fact that he was in German captivity. In November 1943, he wrote the poem "Do not believe!", Which is addressed to his wife and begins with the lines:

"If they bring you news about me,
They will say: “He is a traitor! He betrayed his homeland ", -
Don't believe it, dear! The word is
Friends won't tell if they love me. "

In the postwar years in the USSR, the MGB (NKVD) opened a search file. His wife was summoned to the Lubyanka, she went through interrogations. Musa Jalil's name disappeared from the pages of books and textbooks. Collections of his poems were gone in libraries. When songs were performed on the radio or from the stage to his words, it was usually said that the words were folk. The case was closed only after Stalin's death for lack of evidence. In April 1953, six poems from the Moabit notebooks were first published in the Literaturnaya Gazeta - at the initiative of its editor Konstantin Simonov. The poems received a wide response. Then - Hero of the Soviet Union (1956), winner (posthumously) of the Lenin Prize (1957) ... In 1968, the film "Moabit Notebook" was shot at the Lenfilm studio.

From a traitor, Jalil turned into one whose name became a symbol of devotion to the Motherland. In 1966, a monument to Jalil, created by the famous sculptor V. Tsegal, was erected near the walls of the Kazan Kremlin, which still stands there today.

In 1994, a bas-relief was unveiled nearby, on a granite wall, representing the faces of his ten executed comrades. For many years, twice a year - on February 15 (on the birthday of Musa Jalil) and on August 25 (the anniversary of the execution) solemn rallies with the laying of flowers have been held at the monument. What the poet wrote about in one of his last letters from the front to his wife came true: “I am not afraid of death. This is not an empty phrase. When we say that we despise death, this is actually so. A great sense of patriotism, full awareness of their social function dominates over the feeling of fear. When the thought of death comes, you think like this: there is still life after death. Not the "life in the next world" that priests and mullahs preached. We know that this is not the case. And there is life in the consciousness, in the memory of the people. If I did something important, immortal during my life, then I deserved a different life - “life after death”