Walking of youth across three seas. Walking of youth across the three seas of Kima Yege in the Far East

OUTLOOK FOR REDUCTION

Despite the multidirectional migration flows, the population of the Far East continues to decline. According to the official forecast of Rosstat, in 2018 the population of the Far Eastern Federal District should decrease by 30 thousand people. In 2017, the negative balance of migration amounted to 17 thousand people. In the coming years, according to the forecast, the Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories, as well as the Amur Region, will become leaders in the outflow of the population among the regions of Russia. It can be said that the efforts of the federal authorities to reverse the demographic trend and attract the population to the region have so far failed to bring the expected effect.

However, migration processes are usually not homogeneous. Abstract units, in which the flows of people arriving and departing from a region are measured, can have different characteristics that are inherent in any person from a biological or social point of view - age, gender, marital status, level of education and income. Assessment of migration processes from this point of view allows you to give concrete content to what is happening - and, in particular, to see what exactly is happening in the region, in which direction its population is changing.

One of these characteristics is the educational level of the population. The difference in educational potential of those who come and those leaving the region allows us to say a lot about how the Far East is developing - what niches there are for the qualitative development of the economy, which requires qualified educated personnel. If we look at the departure or arrival of young people with different levels of education to the region, this allows us to understand how the young generation sees the prospects of the region from the point of view of life and career arrangement.

"WASHING OUT" YOUNG

Experts say that, unfortunately, educated youth as a whole are being “washed out” from the region. But this process cannot be represented linearly. Some factors - in particular, a change in the procedure for admission to universities and the development of the Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), can affect the overall unfavorable trend.

"Incoming and outgoing migration flows in the Far East differ significantly: a significant part of those who come to the Far East do not have higher education (this primarily concerns labor migrants from Central Asian countries), while a significant part of the population leaving the region has a higher education," - says Kirill Kolesnichenko, associate professor of the Department of Social and Psychological Sciences of the Far Eastern Federal University.

Vladimir Iontsev, head of the Department of Demography at the Higher School of Contemporary Social Sciences at Moscow State University, speaks about this from his own experience: “Of all the guys from the Far East who studied and defended themselves in Moscow, not a single one I know returned to the region. East ". Vladimir Iontsev suggests that a slight decrease in the general outflow of population from the Far East, which has been observed recently, can be explained by the fact that a "small" generation is now coming to the fore - those born during the demographic failure of the 90s, which means that the number of people leaving the expression should go down.

Sergei Shulgin, Deputy Head of the International Laboratory of Demography and Human Capital at the Institute for Applied Economic Research, RANEPA, notes that the age of graduation from high school and university in Russia has one of the highest migration surges. The same applies to the population of the Far East. At the same time, as a rule, those who entered universities in another region of Russia do not come back: “Studying at a high-quality university is a time of intensive development of social contacts. A student acquires connections with both peers and potential employers, gets his first job. waste this new resource. " Therefore, as Shulgin explains, having moved to study in another region, a young man from the Far East is likely to remain in the study region. An exception may be those whose resources for successful employment are relatives living in the Far East.

Kirill Kolesnichenko, relying on the research carried out by FEFU, also points out that in the case of studying in the Far East, qualified and talented students prefer to move to Central Russia. “We have conducted sociological research, including an analysis of the career trajectories of graduates of universities in the Far East. Based on these studies, we can draw some conclusions. The decision to move to another region of Russia is made on the basis of a number of important factors, and the level of education plays an important role in this. high-quality education, graduates of Far Eastern universities can quite successfully compete in the labor market of Moscow or St. relocation of youth to these cities. "

Thus, the metropolitan regions seem to be a more attractive target for arranging a career, for the sake of which one can risk the accumulated social ties. According to Kolesnichenko, such a decision is indeed fraught with risk. Those moving to Moscow, as a rule, are forced to change 5-6 jobs within one and a half to two years, and such jobs are rarely associated with their specialty. As a result, some of those who left return to the region.

DEPARTURE BY STEPS OR FACTOR OF THE USE

Nevertheless, such a migration trajectory can hardly be considered a conscious and desirable choice in favor of the region. According to Kolesnichenko, some graduates are using the current two-stage higher education system as a strategy for painless settling in a new place. After graduating from a bachelor's degree in the Far East, they enter the master's programs of the capital's universities and use two years of master's studies to gradually rotate into a new social environment.

However, the changes brought about by the educational reforms of recent years can also work as a factor in redirecting part of the migration flows in favor of the Far East. Sergey Shulgin draws attention to this. And this is due, first of all, to the new mobility provided by the opportunity to enter a university based on the results of the Unified State Exam.

“Because of the Unified State Exam, the social norm is changing. If in the previous decade it sounded like“ you must do it, ”now it takes the form“ you can do anywhere. ”This is what opens up universities in other regions for many graduates. By and large, it was the Unified State Exam that made it possible to implement the project of a federal university in the Far East, in which graduates from other regions can enter.

Kirill Kolesnichenko also notes the factor of the university for the migration trajectories of the Far East: "The creation of FEFU has a certain impact on migration flows. A lot of applicants come to FEFU from the regions of Siberia and the Far East, the central part of the country, today the geography of applicants includes more than 60 regions of the Russian Federation - the guys get the opportunity to communicate directly with each other, establish friendly and business ties, which in the future also contribute to successful career growth. " However, there is no need to speak of a decisive contribution. "Of course, FEFU cannot, and should not play a system-forming role in the formation of migration flows. But the creation of FEFU has definitely brought positive dynamics to the socio-demographic processes," says Kolesnichenko.

Modern economic and social realities are not yet working in favor of the demography of the Far East. Nor is it becoming an unambiguous choice for the educated youth of the region. And yet, some changes, both at the regional and federal levels, such as the USE system and the development of FEFU, also lay some positive potential, weak effects from which can be observed even now. The situation is developing in a non-inertial manner and, perhaps, having properly disposed of new trends, it will be possible to compensate for the still strong desire among talented Far Eastern youth to leave by attracting new young graduates who wished to try themselves on the shores of the Pacific Ocean.

How Far Eastern schools try to retain talented children, what businessmen, teachers, parents and universities are doing for this, Indicator.Ru told Elena Kharisova, Deputy Vice-Rector for Academic and Educational Work of the Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU).

Elena Vladimirovna, how is school education in general in the Far East? Do many children leave after leaving school?

In the Far East, as in general and in most regions of the country, school education is going through difficult times. According to analysts from the Higher School of Economics (HSE) in Russia, the quality of school education in different regions varies greatly. In the central zone of Russia, we observe high results in the indicators of passing the exam, but already in the Far East, the results of the exam leave much to be desired. One of the reasons for this spread is the inequality of resources: personnel, infrastructural and material and technical. But in our region there are many talented schoolchildren, it is necessary to build directed, targeted work with them, which will reveal and fully support their talents.

As a federal university with human, infrastructural, scientific and methodological resources, we aim to support the school system in the Far East and the talented children and teachers of Primorye. We started from the basics, with mathematics, and conducted the first Pacific Mathematical School. We invited schoolchildren who showed high results in the municipal round of the All-Russian Olympiad in mathematics, and teachers whose pupils show the best USE results. We have not come up with anything new here - we took well-proven methods and technologies that have been known since the 60s, offered the students tricky problems, one week of time with a break for lunch and sleep, and introduced them to the best mathematics teachers in the Far East.

In the Far East, there is a very acute problem of “washing out” talents from the region; children simply leave to enter the central part of Russia and abroad. If a school graduate has shown good USE results, then he, most likely, leaves the region. And if you left at school age, then the likelihood of returning to your native land is greatly reduced.

Therefore, FEFU takes on the task of making sure that children in the Far East and, in particular, in Primorye, remain. In order to offer competitive conditions to strong school graduates, we are restructuring our educational programs in accordance with the needs of the regional economy, establishing cooperation between the university and companies. Realization and development of the potential of talented students includes their participation in scientific, research and project work together with students and teachers of our university. We see a great resource and the need for the development of mathematical education in the region. For this purpose, we, for example, have now submitted an application for a competition to create a scientific and educational mathematical center on the basis of our university. We see that Singapore University, Peking University and other strong universities are next to us. If we ourselves do not create a similar center, we will be able to lose in the scientific and technological development of the country.

The math program is our first step, and we will also create programs in physics, biology, chemistry, computer science, and foreign languages. We believe that this can become a stable platform on which it will be possible to further build the education system in the Far East.

Are you not afraid that you will bring up gifted children, and they will still go to the West or to China, Singapore?

We have no such fears because we want to build the entire professional trajectory for children immediately to employers. Conventionally, we start working with schoolchildren from the seventh grade: they become active participants in our programs, we motivate them to enter the university, where we can offer an individual educational program of study. Individual educational trajectories are built jointly with employers in the region. We will offer children different options for their career development already at school. They will have to see this whole path and understand why they are here in this region.

But it often happens that the child does not decide for himself where he will go. Often the decision is left to the parents.

Yes. We work with children and we see that they do not want to get away from home, they love their land and the sea next to which they live. Parents, as a rule, insist on admission to foreign universities, as they know the entire economic situation in the region, and a trace of difficult times in the 90s remained in their memory. They themselves have gone through the crisis and, wishing their children a better life, are trying to send them to good universities in the country. In this case, the parents must be sure that the child will receive a good education and find its application in the native region. Therefore, we need to work with the parent audience: we must show them that their child, if they stay here, will receive more bonuses. It is difficult to make sure that a student who scored 300 points on three USE enrolls at FEFU, and not at Moscow State University (MSU).

Talking to parents can help here. We say that an individual trajectory for the development of a child will be built, it will be built with specific companies, including companies from the Asia-Pacific region (Asia-Pacific region, - approx. Indicator.Ru). We provide detailed information on joint research and educational programs with Japan, China and other countries. It is known that technology companies are developing precisely in the countries of the Asia-Pacific region, and a child and his parents may want to complete a bachelor's degree at Moscow State University, get a solid theoretical base there, and he can enter FEFU for a master's degree and gain excellent practical experience in joint research and our programs. with the countries of the Asia-Pacific region. But, of course, this is still very targeted work.

- Are employers generally ready for such cooperation, work with schoolchildren?

The Far East region is developing rapidly. The list of large companies and investors entering the region is expanding. Everyone needs personnel, a special demand for talents. You cannot transport everyone from the central zone of Russia, and this is wrong, in the region you need to grow your own personnel reserve. Therefore, employers are already coming to us with a specific request: how many management personnel are needed, how many - engineers, workers and top managers.

- Are Russian business interested in cooperation?

Yes, the university communicates very closely with the largest Russian companies. Next year, we are launching about 30 modules at the undergraduate level together with industry leaders: Sibur, Rosneft, Knauf, etc. Interaction with business is not limited to educational programs. This year, together with Sibur, we have worked out a scheme when students, while still in their third or fourth year, are interviewed at the company. Six graduates were offered a job following interviews. With six students, who next year go to the fourth year, Sibur concludes agreements on targeted education. Thus, the company purposefully participates in the formation of its personnel. These students will study according to an individual curriculum and undergo pre-diploma practice in the company.

- You spoke about the individual trajectory of a student's education at the university. How will it be implemented?

In the form of project activities. We give only the direction, and the topic of projects, the task, the students define themselves. Within the framework of the disciplines of project activity, hours are laid for the independent development by students of scarce knowledge to solve the project problem through consultations with experts, online courses, etc. This year, we also increased the share of elective disciplines and extracurricular activities within the framework of mastering bachelor's and master's programs ...

Let's go back to schools. I have two questions. First, will you pay attention to additional teacher education? For those working now, it may be difficult to transition to the new work pattern. Second, you say you want to take children in seventh grade and lead them all the way to graduation. Can a child at the age of 13-14 decide what he wants to do in life? Many do not know this after receiving higher education.

The university can interact with the school in different ways: it can, for example, simply “consume” children who are capable of entering the university. The school teacher is a person of a creative mind and is interested in connecting with other creative, meaningful colleagues. When a university enters a school with an active attitude, it usually gets a positive connection. We offer the university to play the role of a kind of intellectual center that can “feed” and “support” teachers. That is, teachers here, at the university, will undergo advanced training, master new methods.

- Do you already have any experience of working with teachers?

We have already received feedback from teachers. They all say: we need something new that will help us effectively work with modern children. They also feel that the methods and technologies that are now used in school no longer work for the modern generation. And they, feeling some incompetence in a number of questions, turn to innovators, to professionals, saying: listen, is there anything ready-made that can already be applied?

We offer teachers ready-made solutions and technologies, tested and well-proven in practice. In September 2018, we plan to open the Far Eastern Lyceum at the university - a school for gifted children. The school will become a modern resource center for working with talented children within the framework of basic general and additional education. We plan to work with teachers of the Primorsky Territory, teaching modern methods and technologies in teaching. The educational program of the school will be based on an individual approach to each student, will be interdisciplinary in nature, including project-based forms of education.

From the seventh to the ninth grade, there will be a special curriculum, structured differently from the curriculum of the tenth and eleventh grades. It will not be defined by a rigid framework, but early professional tests have already been incorporated in the project approach, so that the child, by the ninth grade, will determine his profile preference.

A letter to the editorial board of DVhab.ru regarding the throwing of the solved USE tasks in mathematics into the Internet.

The applicant is raging about the leakage of USE assignments in mathematics for the central regions of Russia, which took place on June 1.

Thus, according to the one who wrote to the editor, now there is a large-scale collection of petitions about the drain (there is evidence) and tasks that are higher in complexity than the FIPI task bank offers. Far Eastern schoolchildren, who wrote themselves, in contrast to residents of other regions who decided on the options in advance, require retaking the USE in mathematics on a reserve day and lowering the points for admission in order to restore justice a little.

- I was preparing from the fifth grade for this exam - my mother invested in a tutor, we bought up all the manuals and KIMs of previous years to prepare thoroughly. And I rented myself. In fact, the work was difficult, especially task 17. It's a shame that the students of schools in other cities simply took advantage of other people's knowledge and efforts. Now they will receive points and, accordingly, a greater chance to enter the central universities of Russia. It's not fair, ”said Gleb Razuvakin, a student of school number 43.

The teachers of mathematics of the Khabarovsk schools did not see the assignment, therefore they cannot yet judge the complexity. But the teachers have confidence: such a large-scale throwing into the Network could not have come from schoolchildren.

- I think that this could only be done at the government level - not schoolchildren. They write under the cameras, take away their phones, KIMs are not taken out of the audience. Moreover, now the assignments are printed from disk right in the classroom before the start of the exam. None of the kids would take that risk, in my opinion. It is difficult for us mathematicians to judge the complexity of the assignments this year. We see the works only after publication, because according to the rules, teachers of other profiles are present at the mathematics exam, - said Svetlana Muravyova, a mathematics teacher at Khabarovsk school No. 43.

The Regional Ministry of Education has information about what happened at the level of Internet users - they read it in the news.

“It’s not our department that is engaged in this,” says Viktor Moskvin, Deputy Minister of Education and Science of the Khabarovsk Territory - head of the department for supervision and control. - We don't know KIM. We do not see them. They are sealed and will be kept that way until about March. We will be able to say that the injection was or was not when the results are published, and we will track whether there will be any anomalous results. Now Rosobrnadzor, which controls this, gives information that this is not true.

- Publications of materials that are allegedly obtained in some way by the tasks of the real exam appear on social networks before each exam. A special Internet monitoring group records such publications on thousands of resources and transfers them to the appropriate verification, - the federal media reported in Rosobrnadzor. - In 2018, not a single publication of assignments of real exam options for the Unified State Exam in mathematics was recorded on the Web before the start of the exam. The materials published on this page also do not correspond to any of the options that were offered to the USE participants today. The control measures used in the development and delivery of examination materials have completely eliminated their leaks over the past five years, the service added.

Note that the exam participants themselves confirmed the fact that the tasks were duplicated. Talk about this is actively underway under the YouTube video, where the examinations of the USE tasks in mathematics from June 1 are underway.

Recall, according to the information of the regional ministry of education and science, the examination work in mathematics of the basic level includes 20 tasks, for which exactly 3 hours (180 minutes) are allotted. The basic level is taken by those graduates who do not need it. The minimum threshold is 12 points. In the Khabarovsk Territory, 5,332 people chose this exam.

Vera Chebotareva, Khabarovsk news on DVhab.ru

Source - Khabarovsk news on DVhab.ru