What exam are required for admission. Training for a programmer. What happens if you don't come to the exam you need to take

Every year in our country there are final attestations for students in grades 9 and 11. At this time, graduates need to take another step in their educational activities. If pupils of the 9th grade may not take additional exams and continue their studies at school, then the graduates of the 11th grade will have to make a choice.

At the first stage, you need to decide on a profession. Here, despite many negative reviews, the leading position is occupied by the profession of a lawyer. Whoever says anything, but lawyers are needed in our country and abroad.

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That is why graduates have a logical question about what subjects they need to pass to become a lawyer. In this article we will try to answer this question..

What subjects need to be taken to a lawyer

The procedure for admission to programs of higher and secondary vocational education is regulated by the Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation", as well as by the rules of educational institutions. For admission to a higher educational institution it is enough to pass the exam in profile exams and gain the appropriate number of points. So, what subjects you need to take in order to enter the Faculty of Law:

Some institutes may have additional examinations. For example, you might pass an exam in social studies or history. These are mainly oral exams... Some universities test foreign language proficiency. Such an exam will have to be passed to graduates who want to enroll in an international lawyer.

What exams you need to take as a lawyer

Lawyer is a common name. Legal education can be used in different areas of life ... That is why the focus of training lawyers are different. That is, the entrance exams for these specializations will also differ:

conclusions

Jurisprudence is a large specialization. Universities train specialists for various fields. Some train, law enforcement officials or forensic specialists. Other universities carry out an educational program to train specialists of the state apparatus, as well as lawyers to protect labor and civil rights. That is why choosing the profession of a lawyer, you need to think in what area you want to develop or what area you are interested in.

As for admission to the Faculty of Law, there is not a large variation in exams between profiles. Basically, they give up history, society, Russian. Additional exams will be administered by the institute. To know exactly what exams are needed for admission, you need to go to the official website of the institute and see the information or call ... They will also explain to you, when the enrollment opens and to what date it will go, what documents are needed for admission.

On May 27, 2019, the main stage of the Unified State Exam begins in Russia. This is a unified state exam, which is mandatory for all students in grade 11. Based on its results, a school graduation certificate is issued and enrolled in universities.

Ekaterina Miroshkina

follows the exam

The exam is taken strictly on schedule. In one day, one exam for all graduates of all cities.

On May 27 they pass geography and literature, on June 10 they write social studies, and the main stage ends on June 13 in biology, computer science and ICT. A few more days are allotted to the reserve for those who could not come for a good reason.

We have analyzed the complex issues that concern graduates and their parents during the USE period.

What will you learn

Can I change elective exams? What if one subject was indicated in the application, and now you decided to pass another?

Additional exams could be selected until February 1. You can't just change the list of exams - only for a good reason, with the permission of the commission and if there are at least two weeks left before the exam.

A good reason in such cases is, for example, when a university suddenly adds a new subject to the list of entrance exams. This is a violation on the part of the university, but it happens.

If you chose several exams in reserve in February, you don't have to come to the one you don't need.

You don't need to hand over excess

For example, if computer science, physics, history and social science were indicated in the application, and after informatics it became clear that there are enough points, you may not come to history and social science. For this there will be nothing.

If a graduate decided to enter another university and he lacks exams, he will have to wait for the next year. This also happens: it is unpleasant, but not fatal.

What happens if you don't come to the exam you need to take?

If you do not come for a valid reason - for example, due to illness - you can take the exam on reserve days. After the main stage is over, those who missed it will be allowed to pass the exams. A good reason must be documented. If there are no documents, they will not be allowed to take exams on a reserve day.

If you do not pass the Russian language and basic mathematics at all, you will not be issued a school leaving certificate. But these subjects will be allowed to retake this year.

Don't come to mandatory - only for a good reason

A missed elective exam can only be taken after a year.

If you realize that you will not be able to attend the exam, be sure to call your class teacher and subject teacher. They will tell you what to do next, where to go, what documents to collect and when to retake. You can call teachers even late in the evening or early in the morning: during the exam, they are usually always in touch, because sometimes more graduates are worried. At least that's what all the teachers we talked to told us.

When will the USE results be known?

Generally, checks at all levels take a maximum of two weeks. Results may be published earlier, but not later than the scheduled date.

Who checks the work? How objective are the assessments?

Each work is checked by several people. The test part is checked by the computer. There are clear instructions for verification, so subjectivity is almost excluded. There may be different interpretations in oral subjects or essay, but usually deviations are one or two points. If the assessors have different grades, the result will be determined in favor of the graduate.

All forms are impersonal. The works for verification are distributed among experts automatically. Nobody knows that this particular student wrote a particular work. And the students do not know who will get their work, even if they try to leave some mark on the form.

After verification in their region, the work can be sent for cross-regional verification. And then, until March 1 of next year, they are randomly checked again.

Better not to negotiate with anyone

Negotiating with a commission, looking for acquaintances and paying money for verification is a huge risk. It's illegal. And still no one can guarantee that everything will work out: the examination of the exam is strictly controlled, including at the federal level. If something like that is found, everyone will be punished. And the exam results will not be counted at all, even if the work is really well written.

If I disagree with the results, what to do then?

File an appeal. There are two working days for this after the results were officially announced.

An appeal is worth filing if you know for sure that, for example, the essay is written perfectly. You cannot appeal the test part based on the results of the answers. The maximum that you can count on is that during the check they did not recognize the signs so well, but the chances are small.

Sometimes, based on the results of the appeal, the number of points is reduced, although the graduate hoped for an increase. You need to think carefully before drawing attention to your work.

How to find out the answers to the exam in advance? They say they can be bought or recognized in other regions.

No. Leakage of USE results is excluded. If on some sites they offer to buy answers to tests, these are scammers. Nobody knows the content of the test materials until the students sit at their desks and the exam officially begins.

Sometimes the teachers themselves say that they found out what the options will be. Or one of the reviewers offers to buy them on an acquaintance. Trust no one.

There are no answers to the exam. What they sell are not the answers

There have already been cases when parents paid 50 thousand rubles and even more, and there was not a single coincidence.

Teachers are not scammers, they want the best and they themselves may think that they got the right options. They sit, decide on the night before the exam, as if to help. And then on the exam it turns out that the tasks and answers are different.

Can I take my phone to the exam?

You can't. You can't take anything for the exam at all, except for a passport and a pen. Some items are allowed to take a ruler, calculator or protractor. Where the exam is held, there are metal detectors at the entrance.

Even if you managed to carry the phone, you will still hardly be able to use it. Here are a few real life situations where graduates tried to use the phone and failed.

Ivan put the phone in a pocket sewn to his panties and said that the detector reacts to piercings... He carried the phone and left it in the closet. I wanted to take time off during the exam and consult with the teacher through WhatsApp.

After the start of the exam, the inspectors inspected the toilets and removed all the stash with communications from there. It was a shame to go for the phone, and Ivan was left without a new Samsung. Until September, he was afraid that somehow it would be discovered that it was his phone, and the exam results would be canceled.

Everything worked out: Ivan himself passed the exam and got a good score. If he had been caught, he would not have entered this year.

Anya carried the phone in her bra, hid it securely in the toilet, and no one found... During the exam, Anya asked for time off, took the phone, but could not use it. There was a device on the floor to jam the communication signal. The phone was useless.

At the exam in mathematics, Anya relied on the phone: last year, her friend succeeded. As a result, Anya lost five points and now her parents pay 80 thousand rubles a year.

Vitya carried the phone in a sneaker straight to the class where the exam is being held... I was afraid to leave in the toilet, because they could find it. Vitya did not need a communication signal either: he was not going to write or call. He had photographed physics formulas on his phone in advance. I wanted to take time off and spy on if a difficult task came across.

Viti almost succeeded. But at 10:30 the phone vibrated from a call from my grandmother, who was very worried about her grandson. Physics was not counted for him, he did not manage to enter a good technical university.

Some of them manage to carry the phone and use it. But this is a violation.

Can you bring in cheat sheets? Can you use them?

In theory, cheat sheets are easier to smuggle in than a phone, but it's better not to smuggle in - that's also illegal. Inspectors are not allowed to ask the student to undress, feel him or check his pockets. The metal detector does not respond to cribs, but they are found in the toilets and taken away even before the start of the exam.

You will not be able to use cheat sheets or additional literature right on the exam. All rooms are equipped with video cameras and broadcast on the Internet. It is monitored in real time and then selectively reviewed after the exam.

It also happens like this.

Zhenya wrote a list of words with the correct accent on masking tape and pasted it on her legs under her skirt... Zhenya is an excellent student and knows Russian well, but all her friends did this, and she too, just in case. The cheat sheet was not useful to her: she already knew the words.

Two hours later, Zhenya asked to go to the toilet and forgot about the tape. The cribs peeled off and slipped under the tights on my knees. This was noticed by a member of the commission in the corridor. Zhenya was to be removed from the exam in disgrace. She miraculously and tears managed to persuade the inspector not to report the violation. And although Zhenya was met halfway, she was so worried that she wrote an essay poorly and did not get points for the Faculty of Journalism. For the sake of fairness, almost all practicing journalists today advise against going to journalism departments.

Vika and Lisa made history cheat sheets for two... They also took the answers to the tests, which were sold to them as real. To avoid being caught, they divided it all in half. Classmates got into different audiences and agreed in advance to meet at 11 o'clock in the toilet.

They asked for time off, as agreed, at the same time, but did not take into account that they were taken to different toilets - each was taken to the one that was closer. It didn't work out to meet, and Liza needed the cribs that Vika took with her.

Cheat sheets should be written before the exam, just to remember them better. You should not take them with you to the exam. There are no ideal options without risk, everything cannot be foreseen. Something can always go wrong, and not only income to the budget, but also a school leaving certificate will be threatened.

Can I negotiate with the exam commission to help? Can you tell me?

No, no one will tell you anything. You can only ask a question by filling out the form. The answer should be loud and clear. Calling a member of the commission and asking for help in a whisper will not work.

There is no practical sense in making such requests. Teachers in other subjects or administrative staff sit on the commission.

The members of the commission are monitored by other members of the commission, public observers, Rosobrnadzor and the prosecutor's office. Everything is very strict. If someone helps a graduate, he will be fined.

If everything is correct on the draft, but there is an error on the form, which answer will be counted?

The answer on the official form is always counted. Drafts are not rated.

You need to properly allocate time to check the work and have time to rewrite everything without errors.

What if the exam gets bad?

You need to contact a health worker. He is always present in the audience. Then they will act according to the situation. If the work fails, it will be recorded, but the results will not be evaluated. It will be possible to hand over again on a reserve day.

If you need to take medicine during the exam, it is allowed. If you need to drink juice, eat sweets or get an injection, this is also possible. You can bring water or a chocolate with you, but you won't be able to use them as cheat sheets: everything will be checked. If they find inscriptions, they will be deleted without the right to retake.

If this year there is not enough points, and there is no possibility to study for a fee, then what to do?

If you fail to get even the minimum in basic subjects, they will not give a certificate. The main subjects will be offered to retake on a reserve day or in the fall.

If the scores are higher than the minimum, but still low, you can retake the exams in the required subjects next year and choose the best result.

The USE results are valid for four years. For example, if a graduate passed Russian and biology well, but got worried in mathematics and missed three points, you can retake mathematics in a year and apply to the university again.

It is unreasonable to postpone admission only because there were not enough points in a prestigious university. Anything can happen in a year.

Better a simpler university than waiting a year

There is no guarantee that the next year will turn out to be good in exams, and the passing score will not increase. It is better to choose a faculty or a simpler university, and then look for options for transfer or apply again.

Ksyusha wanted to become a microbiologist or virologist... She chose biology and chemistry from additional subjects, but did not succeed in enrolling in the medical academy for free. In order not to lose a year, Ksyusha submitted documents to the Institute of Food Production, where chemistry was also needed. She went on a budget and got a dorm room. The next year, she changed her mind about taking the exam again - she stayed at her university. Now Ksenia has already received her diploma, works as a food technologist at an international enterprise and receives five times more than her parents are doctors.

If there are not enough points at all for admission to the budget, there is an option not to enroll, prepare, and retake the USE next year.

Sergey also wanted to become a doctor, but he passed biology badly and did not go on the budget... He had a respite from the army, so in order not to lose a year, he entered a medical college in his city and was preparing to retake the exam. If it did not work out, Sergei would have stayed in college, trained as a paramedic and still worked in medicine as he dreamed of.

But he did it. The next year he retaken biology and, with the same results in Russian and mathematics, went to study to be a cardiologist. By that time, he still managed to get a referral from their local cardiological dispensary, which also helped.

What are the ways to pass the exam well?

To pass the exam well, you need to prepare for it. It is better to start in the tenth grade. You can prepare yourself or with a tutor.

Shortly before the exams, it is most effective to solve the tests of the past. The tasks in the exam are typical and in different years can come across very similar. If there is a tutor, he will select the correct training method, taking into account the student's abilities.

What is the best thing to do before the exam?

Graduates need to sleep... You can't sit all night over textbooks or look for answers this year. Not getting enough sleep and getting nervous is the worst thing.

What to do after the exams?

Track the results and celebrate the prom. When the official results are summed up, prepare the documents for admission. If there are benefits or the right to additional points based on the results of the Olympiads, they must be confirmed.

At the same time, you can submit the USE results to five universities. Each has three specialties. All information about specialties, documents, the number of budget places and passing points is published on the websites of universities.

If you do not manage to enter the budget, think about where to get money to pay for your studies. Better to take care of this before the exams, just in case. Find out at the institute how to transfer to the budget from the second year, if this is practiced. If you try, you can save a lot of money.

Experiment with faculties and universities. In one institute there is a competition of 100 people for a place, while in another there may be a shortage even for a similar specialty. The prestige of the university does not guarantee anything.

Invite the student to look for options for a side job. You can transfer to correspondence, work in shifts or remotely.

When a ninth-grader is faced with the choice of subjects for delivery to the OGE, the question arises - what subjects will it be easier to prepare for?

In 2017, you need to take 4 subjects, and in 2018 - already 5. Of these, Russian and mathematics are mandatory, i.e. in any case, you will have to strengthen your preparation for them. Further, the choice of subjects depends on whether you want to stay in school or go to college?

If you want to continue your studies at a prestigious college, then you should go to the Open House Day and find out what subjects and what results are needed to enroll. In this case, you have little choice - you will have to prepare the necessary items. If you decide to stay in grades 10-11, you should think about which university you will go to after grade 11, and choose the necessary subjects and start preparing as early as 9 and try your hand at the OGE. This is, of course, the ideal.

What if you haven't chosen who to be yet? What if you just want to finish high school, and then come what may? In this case, you need to choose the lighter items.

We want to warn you right away that all school subjects are quite complex. And the concept of "lightness" of the OGE in any subject is rather arbitrary. Someone may think the OGE in computer science is an easy exam, but to someone the OGE in chemistry. One recommendation can be made here. Choose subjects for which you have a strong teacher at school. It will seem to you that it is very difficult to prepare, that the teacher demands a lot from you, that he is very strict, etc., but this is the price of success on the exam.

Item overview

Social science

For some reason, many guys choose this subject and consider it easy. It's not like that at all. The volume of the material is large, there are many tasks - there is a test part, and questions that need to be answered in writing, as well as an assignment with a detailed answer. In general, the OGE in social studies can hardly be called simple.

Chemistry

Traditionally, few people choose this subject. The teachers themselves have created a myth that chemistry is very difficult. But we don't think so. Basically, in the OGE, they test knowledge of inorganic chemistry and the elementary foundations of organic chemistry. If you prepare conscientiously, then the OGE can be passed without any problems and for a good grade.

Literature

Many people think: "Well, this subject is easy to pass." We want to upset you, this is one of the most voluminous and difficult objects in terms of execution. There are no tests on the OGE in literature. You must complete 4 assignments - 3 mini-essays and 1 large full essay. That is, during preparation, you will need to read a lot and practice a lot in writing essays.

Informatics

Many may have the wrong opinion that if you have good computer skills, it will help you pass the OGE in computer science. This is far from the case. To pass the OGE in computer science, you need to know programming languages, algorithms, flowcharts, logic, mathematics, etc. within the school curriculum. The OGE in computer science also has problems, theoretical questions, etc. Passing this exam with a high score is quite difficult.

Geography

This item deserves special attention. Many consider it insignificant and unnecessary, while the subject is very important and in many places knowledge is required on it. However, the exam itself is not easy. You need to be able to use maps, build azimuths, understand wind roses, read special maps, know economics, etc. Preparation for this exam is difficult, but very interesting.

Physics

The exam is difficult. The abundance of tasks, theoretical questions, applied tasks, as well as laboratory work makes preparation for this exam difficult. It is not enough to know the subject, you also need to know mathematics, count in your head, think logically, etc. Grades on this subject are traditionally low throughout the country.

Biology

This subject is needed for those who are going to enter medical schools and colleges. The OGE in biology is not much different from the exam. The volume is large, there are many tasks, there are even tasks. It is difficult to pass for a high score.

Foreign language

This subject should be chosen by those who have been studying it for a long time, communicate in a foreign language in networks, someone speaks a foreign language at home. The exam generally takes place in two stages - oral and written. It is difficult to pass it, especially the oral part. But the written side is also difficult.

History

Dates, personalities, events - it's all about the OGE in history. The subject is difficult, and the exam is even more so. A large amount of information, difficult tasks make this subject the most unpopular. It is hard to hand over, to prepare too.

As a result, we can say with complete confidence that the OGE in any subject will not be easy. It is difficult to do without exam preparation, because there is a high probability that you simply will not pass. You need to prepare for each subject, preparation should be daily. Preferably under the guidance of an experienced mentor - teacher or tutor.

The final exam is an important part of the educational process and allows you to check the student's readiness for further education. After the 9th grade, students take the OGE, which consists of 5 exams - 2 compulsory and 3 optional. To achieve the best result, you should carefully consider the choice of items.

Obtaining almost any education is accompanied by a test of the acquired knowledge or an exam. This is especially important for schoolchildren: the correct choice of sciences and a large number of points scored can guarantee admission to the chosen university. The most important is the USE for 11 grades and the USE for 9 grades.

What is it about

For schoolchildren, the most important is grade 11 and the final exam (USE). They prepare for it in several months and carefully select the items: they must match the requirements. The second most important is the OGE - the Basic State Exam. Graduates of the 9th grade take it, after which they either remain in school, or can transfer to a college or technical school.

Attention! The abbreviation "GIA" (State Final Attestation) is sometimes considered synonymous with the OGE, but in fact, the GIA unites the OGE and the Unified State Exam.

The OGE is a mandatory exam for all students. Since 2014, it consists of 4 exams (from 2017 - out of 5), of which 2 sciences (Russian and mathematics) are compulsory for everyone, the rest are optional. The Ministry of Education plans to gradually increase the number of elective exams (one every 2 years) in order to improve the educational level of students.

Each exam of the OGE must be passed no worse than for the "three", otherwise some time is given to retake. If the student does not correct the grade or does not appear for the exam, then instead of a certificate he will receive a certificate of completion of training. It is possible to retake the OGE only the next year.

How to choose

Since almost all students continue to study after the end of grade 9, the OGE is not considered an important or decisive test. Its results only affect admission to college or technical school; otherwise, it is enough for a student not to get a deuce.

Attention! Colleges and technical schools can put forward their requirements for the OGE, usually this applies to the subjects being passed on the OGE.

In addition to the compulsory subjects for the OGE, graduates choose additional ones as they wish. They are guided by different motives:

1. Simplicity: since the main task for most schoolchildren is to move to grade 10, they do not want to waste time and effort choosing the easiest sciences;
2. Necessity for the Unified State Exam: in this way, students begin preparing for the final certification in advance. This helps to better understand the program and prepare for graduation;
3. Preparedness: The better a student does in the program, the easier it will be to pass the exam, and this will help them get more points. This is the preferred option for school dropouts;
4. Options for college entrance.

In each situation, the choice of motive will be different. Usually, students try to choose subjects for the OGE, which they will then take for the exam. If they have not yet decided on the university, it is worth dwelling on the simplest ones: this will help to gain a large number of points without overstraining.

A number of features

In 2018, students will be able to take a choice of:

1. Biology;
2. Geography;
3. Physics;
4. Chemistry;
5. Informatics;
6. History;
7. Social science;
8. Literature;
9. Foreign language (English, French, German or Spanish).

Each of the options has advantages and disadvantages. Before making the final choice, you should familiarize yourself with each subject separately. Some of the pitfalls are:

Attention! The first step is to choose at least a direction (humanitarian, natural science or technical) - it will be easier to choose subjects for the OGE.

What to choose

First of all, it is important to decide on a goal: if a student is going to go to college, he should choose the subjects that are required for admission. If the task is only to move to grade 10, you can stay on a simpler one.

Secondly, you will need to realize your capabilities: to pass social studies only because the majority chose it, if the student himself is poorly versed in discipline, it is not worth it.

Thirdly, it is worth trying to at least roughly imagine what exams will be required at the university and focus on them.

However, the student himself still has to choose. For example, he can choose a story for the exam in order to check whether he has enough strength for the exam in this science.

The OGE is a compulsory main state exam that students must take after grade 9. The OGE is also called the USE for 9 grades: a similar exam structure allows the examinees to better understand what awaits them at the very end.

More and more schoolchildren are interested in what subjects should be taken to the manager. The point is that "management" is a very widespread specialty now. After graduation, you can become a manager in a particular area. But what do you need to know about admission? What subjects do I need to pass to become a manager? Where can you apply for further education? Sorting out all this is not so difficult. Of course, you should first choose which one you can enroll in, then there to clarify the exams for admission to the manager. But in general terms, the enrollment process will take place in all universities in the same way.

Management is ...

What subjects do I need to take to the manager? Before figuring out the answer to this question, you must first understand what profession we are talking about. After all, schoolchildren try to choose either promising areas of study, or those where it is easy to study. Management, as already mentioned, is a very common area of \u200b\u200bstudy.

But who will the citizen be after graduation? Does it even make sense to acquire this profession? A manager is a manager. Most often we are talking about sales. And any - both in the field of IT and in ordinary stores.

In Russia, it is considered both promising and useless. High competition is what you will have to face. And even a person without a diploma can work as a shop assistant. Not everyone will be able to achieve heights. That is why the profession of a manager is not highly respected by parents and is preferred by applicants. This is a humanitarian direction, it is easier to study than, for example, a programmer. And if you just want to get at least some kind of diploma, you can think about what subjects you need to take to the manager.

List of items

Management is a widespread humanitarian study area. And almost every student knows what exams he will have to take after grade 11 for admission. It should be noted that there are no additional tests and competitions when considering applicants as future students. Therefore, it will be enough to successfully pass the exam. And submit documents to this or that institution for training.

But what subjects do you need to take to the manager? At the moment these are:

• russian language;
• maths;
• social science.

The last exam is profile. In fact, the main one. It is on it that applicants will be evaluated first of all. Taking into account the fact that now in Russia they plan to divide all exams into regular and specialized, it is simply necessary to know that social studies plays a primary role for a manager.

where to go

You will not have to take any more additional tests, tests or difficult subjects. Where to apply for a manager? This is a pretty difficult question. After all, there are a lot of training options.

Among them are:

1. Admission to the University. After grade 11, having passed the Russian language, mathematics and social studies, you can apply for the direction of "Management" in almost any university in the country. This direction is available at both Moscow State University and MGIMO. You can also pay attention to any humanitarian universities.
2. College education. At the moment, in Russia, they offer to study a manager even after the 9th grade. Or after 11 - depending on the educational institution. It is worth paying attention to liberal arts colleges. There will certainly be a direction "management" or separate specialties such as "advertising manager", "sales manager".
3. Re-qualification. Most often, retraining takes place at work. Or on courses from the labor exchange.
4. Passage of courses. Not the best solution, but the profession of a manager can be mastered in specialized courses. They are usually organized by private training centers. You won't have to take any.

Now it is clear where to study to become a manager. Practice shows that universities are in the greatest demand. After graduation, you can work in the field of management without any problems.

Training period

And how many are trained in the chosen direction? It all depends on which educational institution the person applied to. At a university, a bachelor's degree is studied for 4 years, in a master's degree - another 2. In colleges, the average time for obtaining a specialty will be the same as at a university (bachelor's degree). Refresher courses require about 6 months of retraining. And if you visit private centers, then you can become a manager in 2 months or a year.

It is worth noting that in some universities, in addition to the listed exams, several more subjects may be required to pass. It all depends on the nature and specific focus. What subjects need to be handed over to the manager additionally in some cases? It:

• geography;
• biology;
• physics;
• chemistry;
• history.