Population of Mongolia. Ethnic groups. Mongolia. Mongols. Mongolian population. Ethnic groups of the Mongols. JT5MM Mongolia Standard of living

Mongolia Population clock (live)

16-07-2019 00:33:26

Select countryAustraliaAustriaAzerbaijanAlbaniaAlgeriaAmerican SamoaAnguillaAngolaAndorraAntigua and BarbudaArgentinaArmeniaArubaAfghanistanBahamasBangladeshBarbadosBahrainBelarusBelizeBelgiumBeninBermudaBulgariaBoliviaBosnia and HerzegovinaBotswanaBrazil British Virgin IslandsBruneiBurkina FasoBurundiBhutanVanuatuUnited KingdomHungaryVenezuelaVirgin Islands (US)East TimorVietnamGabonHaitiGuyanaGambiaGangaGuadeloupeGuatemalaGuineaGuinea-BissauGermanyGibraltarHondurasHong KongGrenadaGreenland tionGeorgiaGuamDenmarkDjiboutiDominican RepublicEgyptZambiaWestern SaharaZimbabweIsraelIndiaIndonesiaJordanIraqIranIrelandIcelandSpainItalyYemenCape VerdeKazakhstanCayman IslandsCambodiaCameroonCanadaQatarKenyaCyprusKiribatiChinaColumbiaComorosCongo Democratic Republic of KosovoCosta RicaCote d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)CubaKuwaitKyrgyzstanCuraçaoLaosLatviaLesothoLiberiaLebanonLibyaLithuaniaLiechtensteinLuxembourgMauritiusMauritaniaMadagascarMayotteMacaoMacedoniaMalawiMalaysiaMaliMaldivesMaltaMoroccoMartiniqueMarshall IslandsMexicoMicronesiaMozambiqueMoldovaMonacoMongoliaMontserratMyanmarNamibiaNauruNepalNigerNigeriaNetherlandsNicaraguaNew ZealandNew CaledoniaNorwayChannel Islands (Jersey and Guernsey )United Arab EmiratesOmanIsle of ManSaint HelenaCook IslandsWallis and Futuna IslandsPakistanPalauPalestinePanamaPapua New GuineaParaguayPeruPolandPortugalPuerto RicoRepublic of CongoReunionRussiaRwandaRomaniaSalvadorSamoaSan MarinoSan Tome and Principe PiSaudi ArabiaSwazilandNorth KoreaNorthern Mariana IslandsSeychellesSenegalSaint Vincent and the GrenadinesSaint Kitts and NevisSaint LuciaSaint Pierre and MiquelonSerbiaSingaporeSint MaartenSyriaSlovakiaSloveniaUnited States of America (USA)Solomonov Islands Somalia Sudan Suriname Sierra Leone Tajikistan Thailand Taiwan (Republic of China) Tanzania Turks and Caicos Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tuvalu Tunisia Turkmenistan Turkey Uganda Uzbekistan Ukraine Uruguay Faroe Islands Fiji Philippines Finland France French Polynesia X CroatiaCentral African RepublicChadMontenegroCzech RepublicChileSwitzerlandSri LankaEcuadorEquatorial GuineaEritreaEstoniaEthiopiaSouth KoreaSouth African RepublicSouth SudanJamaicaJapan———————————————-Earth

Quick facts about the population of Mongolia

(Number of people calculated by Countrymeters (countrymeters.info)
based on the latest data published by the UN Population Division)

Population of Mongolia 2019

In 2019, the population of Mongolia will increase by 54,641 people and at the end of the year it will be 3,198,531 people. Natural population growth will be positive and amount to 57,973 people. Over the entire year, approximately 77,371 children will be born and 19,398 people will die. If the level of external migration remains at the level of last year,
then, due to migration reasons, the population will change by -3,333 people. That is, the total number of people leaving the country (emigrants) will prevail over the number of people
those entering the country for the purpose of long-term stay (immigrants).

Dynamics of changes in the population of Mongolia in 2019

Below are the coefficients of change in the population of Mongolia, calculated by us for 2019:

Birth rate: average 212 children per day (8.83 per hour)
Mortality: average 53 per day (2.21 per hour)
Migration population growth: on average -9 people per day (-0.38 per hour)

The population growth rate of Mongolia in 2019 will be 150 people per day.

Population of Mongolia 2018

According to our estimate, at the end of 2018, the population of Mongolia was 3,143,890 people. During 2018, the population of Mongolia increased by approximately 53,707 people. Given that Mongolia's population was estimated at 3,090,183 at the beginning of the year, the annual growth rate was 1.74%.

Here are the main demographic indicators of Mongolia for 2018:

Births: 76,049 people
Deaths: 19,066 people
Natural population increase: 56,983 people
Migration population growth: -3,276 people
Males: 1,548,007 (est. 31 December 2018)
Women: 1,595,883 (est. 31 December 2018)

Population growth 1952 - 2019

Mongolia population density

According to the United Nations Department of Statistics, the total area of Mongolia
is 1,564,120 square kilometers.

The total area refers to the land area and the area of all water surfaces of the state within international boundaries.
Population density is calculated as the ratio of the total population living in a given territory to the total area of that territory.
According to our calculations at the beginning of 2019, the population of Mongolia was approximately 3,143,890 people.

Thus, the population density of Mongolia is 2.0 people per square kilometer.

Religion in Mongolia

Source: Pew Research Center The Global Religious Landscape

Number of followers (07/16/2019 - Countrymeters.info
).

Population distribution by age groups

According to our calculations, at the beginning of 2019, the population of Mongolia had the following age distribution:

In absolute numbers:

859,822 people under 15 years of age (male:
438,730 / women: 421,124)
2,158,658 people over 14 and under 65 years of age (men:
1,078,574 / women: 1,080,083)
125,410 people over 64 years of age (men:
54,609 / women: 70,800)

We have prepared a simplified model of the age-sex pyramid, which represents only three age groups, the data about which was given above:

men

women

Note: The scale of the pyramid differs from the absolute values given above because each age group contains a different number of years.

As we can see, the age pyramid of Mongolia has a progressive or growing type. This type of pyramid is usually found in developing countries.
The demography of such countries is characterized by relatively short life expectancy, as a result of high mortality and birth rates.
High mortality and birth rates are due, along with other reasons, to low levels of health care and education.

Dependency ratio

The dependency ratio shows the burden on society and the economy from the population that is not part of the working population (the dependent part of the population).
The population not classified as the working-age population is understood as the total population under 15 years of age and the population over 64 years of age.
The age of the working-age population (the productive part of the population) is, respectively, between 15 and 65 years.

The dependency ratio directly reflects financial expenditures on social policy in the state.
For example, if this coefficient increases, expenses for the construction of educational institutions, social protection, healthcare, pension payments, etc. should be increased.

Overall load factor

The overall dependency ratio is calculated as the ratio of the dependent part of the population to the working-age or productive part of the population.

For Mongolia, the dependency ratio is 45.6%.

The value of 45.6% is relatively low.
It shows that the working age population is more than twice the size of the non-working age population.
This attitude creates a relatively low social burden for society.

Potential replacement rate

The potential replacement rate (child load ratio) is calculated as the ratio of the population below working age to the working age population.

The potential replacement rate for Mongolia is 39.8%.

Pension load factor

The pension burden coefficient is calculated as the ratio of the population above working age to the working age population.

The pension burden ratio in Mongolia is 5.8%.

Source: Data in this section are based on the latest publications of the United Nations Department of Statistics in the field of demographic and social statistics

Life expectancy

Life expectancy is one of the most important demographic indicators.
It shows the average number of years of a person's life expectancy.
That is, the number of years that a person can theoretically live, provided that current fertility and mortality rates remain unchanged throughout the person's life.
Typically, “life expectancy” refers to life expectancy at birth, that is, at age 0 years.

Average life expectancy at birth (for both sexes) in Mongolia is 68.3 years (years).
This is below the world's average life expectancy, which is around 71 years.
(according to the Population Division of the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs).

Average life expectancy for men at birth - 65.9 years (years).
Average life expectancy for women at birth - 70.9 years (years).

Population literacy

According to our estimates, about 2,247,111 people in Mongolia over 15 years of age can read and write in any language. This represents 98.38% of the total adult population.
In this case, the adult population means all people over 15 years of age.
Accordingly, about 36,955 people are still illiterate.

The literacy rate among the male adult population is 98.18% (1,112,570 people).
20,613 people are illiterate.
The literacy rate among the female adult population is 98.58% (1,134,540 people).
16,343 people are illiterate.

The youth literacy rate is 98.05% and 98.98% for men and women respectively.
The overall youth literacy rate is 98.51%.
The concept of youth in this case covers the population aged 15 to 24 years inclusive.

Source: Data for the section “Literacy of the population of Mongolia”
based on the latest data published by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics (data taken 13 March 2016)

History of the population of Mongolia (1951 - 2019)

Population history of Mongolia

Year	Population	Population growth
1951	786 869	N/A%
1952	800 732	1.76 %
1953	815 493	1.84 %
1954	830 924	1.89 %
1955	846 944	1.93 %
1956	863 632	1.97 %
1957	881 221	2.04 %
1958	900 082	2.14 %
1959	920 685	2.29 %
1960	943 500	2.48 %
1961	968 847	2.69 %
1962	996 754	2.88 %
1963	1 026 856	3.02 %
1964	1 058 450	3.08 %
1965	1 090 821	3.06 %
1966	1 123 543	3.00 %
1967	1 156 573	2.94 %
1968	1 190 147	2.90 %
1969	1 224 661	2.90 %
1970	1 260 519	2.93 %
1971	1 297 937	2.97 %
1972	1 336 859	3.00 %
1973	1 376 987	3.00 %
1974	1 417 864	2.97 %
1975	1 459 037	2.90 %
1976	1 500 258	2.83 %
1977	1 541 539	2.75 %
1978	1 583 060	2.69 %
1979	1 625 100	2.66 %
1980	1 667 957	2.64 %
1981	1 711 551	2.61 %
1982	1 755 603	2.57 %
1983	1 800 471	2.56 %
1984	1 847 151	2.59 %
1985	1 896 486	2.67 %
1986	1 949 098	2.77 %
1987	2 004 828	2.86 %
1988	2 061 531	2.83 %
1989	2 115 361	2.61 %
1990	2 162 576	2.23 %
1991	2 201 033	1.78 %
1992	2 230 713	1.35 %
1993	2 253 355	1.02 %
1994	2 271 850	0.82 %
1995	2 289 267	0.77 %
1996	2 307 305	0.79 %
1997	2 326 133	0.82 %
1998	2 345 641	0.84 %
1999	2 365 877	0.86 %
2000	2 386 802	0.88 %
2001	2 408 584	0.91 %
2002	2 431 616	0.96 %
2003	2 456 274	1.01 %
2004	2 482 833	1.08 %
2005	2 511 534	1.16 %
2006	2 542 466	1.23 %
2007	2 575 630	1.30 %
2008	2 611 221	1.38 %
2009	2 649 619	1.47 %
2010	2 691 115	1.57 %
2011	2 735 866	1.66 %
2012	2 783 707	1.75 %
2013	2 833 757	1.80 %
2014	2 884 523	1.79 %
2015	2 934 503	1.73 %
2016	2 985 505	1.74 %
2017	3 037 393	1.74 %
2018	3 090 183	1.74 %
2019	3 143 890	1.74 %

Population forecast (2020-2100)

Year	Population	Population growth
2020	3 209 396	N/A%
2025	3 402 257	6.01 %
2030	3 560 959	4.66 %
2035	3 698 058	3.85 %
2040	3 827 008	3.49 %
2045	3 953 990	3.32 %
2050	4 075 375	3.07 %
2055	4 176 788	2.49 %
2060	4 250 140	1.76 %
2065	4 301 960	1.22 %
2070	4 344 679	0.99 %
2075	4 387 607	0.99 %
2080	4 434 054	1.06 %
2085	4 479 513	1.03 %
2090	4 515 669	0.81 %
2095	4 536 342	0.46 %
2100	4 540 773	0.10 %

Source: UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs: Population Division

countrymeters.info

The population of Mongolia is... What is the Population of Mongolia?

Mongols at the national holiday Naadam

National composition

Mongolia inhabited by various peoples representing two language groups - Mongolian and Turkic, as well as a small number of Russians and Chinese. The largest part of the population (94%) are representatives of the Mongolian group. The Mongolian ethnic community developed in Central Asia. In the 10th century AD, a significant part of this territory was home to the Mongol-speaking Khitans. In the 13th century, the Mongol-speaking tribes living here were united by Genghis Khan in one power, which served as the beginning of the formation of the Mongolian people. After the collapse of the Mongol Empire in the 14th century, already in the 15th century the Mongols were divided into western and eastern groups, and in the middle of the 16th century the eastern, in turn, split into northern and southern.

The northern group of the Mongols living in the country includes the most numerous, dominant among other peoples and ethnic groups, the Khalkha Mongols ( Khalkh), numbering 2,168,141 people, constituting 82.40% of the total population of the country (2010 census), as well as Buryats. The Khalkha were formed not only on the basis of ancient Mongolian elements, these people also have Turkic and Tungus ethnic roots. Some features of life and language are distinguished by a few ethnographic groups close to the Khalkha: Dariganga (27,412 people, 1.04%), living in the southeastern Dornogovi (East Gobi) aimak, and Khotogoyts (15,460 people, 0.59% ). The peoples of the southern group of Mongols - the Uzumchins (2,577 people), Elzhigin (1,340 people or 0.05%), Chakhars (132 people), Khorchins (152 people) and others - also underwent significant assimilation by the Khalkhas.

The western group of Mongols - the Oirats - include the Derbets living in the Uvs (Ubsunur) aimag and, together with their related Khoits and Khoshuts, number 72,403 people or 2.75% of the country's population (2010 census), Zakhchins (mainly in the south and the center of Khovd (Kobdos) aimak), numbering 32,845 people in the country. or 1.25%, Olet (in the east of Bayan-Ulgiy (Bayan-Ulegey) aimag, 15,520 people or 0.59%), Torguts (southwest of Khovd (Kobdos) aimag, 14,176 or 0.54%) , Bayats (mainly in Uvs (Ubsunur) aimag, 56,573 people or 2.15%), Myangats (in the north of Khovd (Kobdos) aimag, 6,592 people or 0.25%). The Torguts are descendants of those Oirat tribes that returned to Central Asia from the banks of the Volga in 1771. Also related in culture and language to the Western group, the Darkhat (21,558 people or 0.82%) living in the Khuvsgel (Khuvsgul) aimak appeared as a result of a mixture of Mongolian, Turkic and Samoyed ethnic elements.

The Turkic population is represented in Mongolia primarily by the Kazakhs, as well as the Uriankhians and Khotons. Kazakhs are the second largest people (101,526 people or 3.86%, 2010 census; according to some estimates - up to 140 thousand people or up to 5% of the total population) people of Mongolia, after the Khalkha Mongols. The ancestors of the Kazakhs came to Mongolia from various places - some migrated in the mid-19th century from the southern to the northern slope of the Mongolian Altai, others came from the upper reaches of Bukhtarma and the valley of the Black Irtysh. Kazakhs preserve their language and culture. They make up the majority of the population in Bayan-Ulgii aimag).

Uriankhians (26,654 people or 1.01%), related to Tuvinians (5,169 people or 0.20%), inhabit Khuvsgel, Khovd, Bayan-Ulgiy aimaks) and are divided into several ethnic groups. These are the Monchak Uriankhians, the Altai and Khubsugul Uriankhians, as well as the Tsaatans. The Altai Uriankhians are the descendants of a group of Tuvan Soyots who broke away from their main core and have largely become unified by now. The Khuvsgul Uriankhians are also unmongolized Tuvans. The Tsaatans (282 people, 2010) are Tuvan reindeer herders, originally from Todja, (Tuva). The Uriankhai Monchak people are close in language to the Kazakhs. The Khotons (11,304 people or 0.43%) came to Mongolia at the end of the 17th century from Eastern Turkestan and have now switched to the Mongolian language, living mainly in Uvs aimak, and also more scatteredly in Khovd, Zavkhan, Khuvsgel aimaks.

There are currently about 1.5 thousand Russians living in Mongolia. (2007). Back in the late 80s of the twentieth century, there were 20 thousand of them. They began to move to Mongolia in the middle of the 19th century; the first of the Russian population here were Old Believers who fled from religious persecution. Today there are several hundred Chinese left in Mongolia (250 as of 2007), although in the mid-60s of the twentieth century the number of Chinese reached 25 thousand.

Ethnic composition
(2010 census)

nationality	number	share %	group
Khalkha Mongols	2168141	82,40	northern Mongols
Kazakhs	101526	3,86	Turks
darbats	72403	2,75	Western Mongols (Oirats)
bayaty	56573	2,15	Western Mongols (Oirats)
Buryats	45087	1,71	Buryats (Northern Mongols)
Zakhchin	32845	1,25	Western Mongols (Oirats)
dariganga	27412	1,04	northern Mongols
Uriankhians	26654	1,01	Turks (close to Tuvans)
darhat	21558	0,82	Buryats (Northern Mongols)
flights	15520	0,59	Western Mongols (Oirats)
Khotogoyty	15460	0,59	northern Mongols
Torguts	14176	0,54	Western Mongols (Oirats)
hotons	11304	0,43	Turks
Myangats	6592	0,25	Western Mongols (Oirats)
Tuvans (Tuva)	5169	0,20	Turks (Tuva proper)
barguts (barga)	2989	0,11
Uzumchin	2577	0,10	southern Mongols
Elzhigins	1340	0,05	northern Mongols
sartuls	1286	0,05	Buryats (Northern Mongols, Khalkha/Buryats)
hamnigans	537	0,02
Tsaatans	282	0,01	Turks (descendants of Tuva) / Western Mongols (Oirats)
Uzbeks (chantuu)	260	0,01	Turks
Khorchin	152	0,01	southern Mongols
chahars	132	0,01	southern Mongols
other nationalities - Mongolian citizens	1142	0,04
Foreign citizens:	16320	0,62
— China	8688	0,33
- Russia	2474	0,09
- The Republic of Korea	1522	0,06
— USA	656	0,02
	2980	0,11
other	108	0,00
TOTAL	2647545	100,0

Settlement and dynamics

The natural increase is 28 people per 1000 per year, with a birth rate of 37 and a death rate of 9 people per 1000 inhabitants. From 1950 to 1983, the population of Mongolia increased 2.3 times, and from 1950 to 2007 - almost 4 times.

Kazakhs live mainly along the upper reaches of the Kobdo River, where the national Kazakh aimak Bayan-Ulgii was formed. The Altai Uriankhians and Uriankhians-Monchaks are settled throughout the Mongolian Altai, from the headwaters of the Kobdo to the headwaters of the Bulgan. The Khuvsgul Uriankhians live respectively in the Khubsugul aimak; Here, among the Darkhat, the Tsaatan also live. Russians and Chinese mostly live in cities.

Language and writing

In 1945, in Mongolia, the Mongolian language was translated into Cyrillic, which was based on the Russian alphabet with the addition of 2 more letters - fita and izhitsa. An attempt to restore the Old Mongolian script (still used by the Mongols of neighboring China), made in the early 90s of the 20th century, was unsuccessful.

Religion

The primary, ancient religion of the Mongols was shamanism, which persisted in some mountainous regions of the country until the mid-twentieth century. However, in most of Mongolia it was supplanted by Buddhism, which came from Tibet at the end of the 16th century, mainly the Gelug school. In 1921, there were 747 Buddhist monasteries in the country, in which 120 thousand lamas lived, which was 2/5 of the total number of men in Mongolia. In 1937, religion was banned in Mongolia, temples and monasteries were destroyed, priests and monks were repressed. In the post-war period, the only Buddhist temple in Ulaanbaatar was symbolically opened. Since 1989, freedom of conscience has existed in Mongolia, and a significant number of Buddhist, Muslim and Christian religious buildings and structures have been built.

Kazakhs and Khotons professed Islam.

Notes

Literature

Potemkina I. I. “Mongolia”, - Moscow, “Thought”, 1988 - 142 p.

dic.academic.ru

Population of Mongolia - Wikipedia. What is the Population of Mongolia

This article is about population of Mongolia

Population dynamics

National composition

Khalkh

Sub-ethnic groups of Khalkhas:

Buryats (45,087 people, 1.71%) are mainly from Eastern Siberia, but there are also local origins. They live mainly in the northeastern aimaks of Khenti, Dornod, Selenge, Tuva, and Bulgan. Close to them are the Barguts (2,989 people or 0.11%) who migrated from Northeast China and the Khamnigans (537 people), settled in Dornod and Khenti aimaks. The Khamnigans are descendants of the Omongolized Evenks, who switched from reindeer herding to nomadic cattle breeding.

Ethnic composition
(2010 census)

nationality	number	share %	group
Khalkha Mongols	2168141	82,40
Kazakhs	101526	3,86	Turks
darbats	72403	2,75
bayaty	56573	2,15
Buryats	45087	1,71
Zakhchin	32845	1,25
dariganga	27412	1,04
Uriankhians	26654	1,01
darhat	21558	0,82
flights	15520	0,59
Khotogoyty	15460	0,59
Torguts	14176	0,54
hotons	11304	0,43	Omongolized Turks
Myangats	6592	0,25
Tuvans (Tuva)	5169	0,20	Turks (Tuva proper)
barguts (barga)	2989	0,11
Uzumchin	2577	0,10
Elzhigins	1340	0,05
sartuls	1286	0,05
hamnigans	537	0,02	descendants of the Omongolized Tungus-Manchus (Evenks)
Tsaatans	282	0,01	Turks (descendants of Tuvinians)
Uzbeks (chantuu)	260	0,01	unmongolized Uzbeks
Khorchin	152	0,01
chahars	132	0,01
	1142	0,04
Foreign citizens:	16320	0,62
— China	8688	0,33
- Russia	2474	0,09
- The Republic of Korea	1522	0,06
— USA	656	0,02
- other foreign citizens	2980	0,11
other	108	0,00
TOTAL	2647545	100,0

Settlement and dynamics

The total population of Mongolia as of July 2007 was 2,952,000 people, in 2010 - 2,647,545 inhabitants. The average population density is 1.8 people per 1 km². The urban population is 65%; the capital Ulaanbaatar, with a population of about 1 million inhabitants, accounts for 1/3 of the country's total population. The Khangai mountain region and the Orkhon River valley are the most densely populated (5-6 people/1 km²). In the south of Mongolia, in desert and semi-desert areas, occupying up to 40% of the total area of the country, the density is only 1 person per 10-15 km²; large areas here are completely deserted.

The Khalkha Mongols are settled in a compact mass in the eastern, central and southern aimags of the country. The peoples of the southern Mongolian group - the Uzumchins, Chahars and others - roam in the southeast of Mongolia. Related Khalkha Dariganga also live here. Khotogoyts inhabit the territories east of Lake Khyargas-Nuur. The Mongols of the western, Oirat group - Zakhchins, Torguts, Derbets and others - inhabit the lands in western Mongolia, west of lakes Uvs-Nur and Khar-Nuur. The Darhat live in the Khubsugul aimak. Buryats inhabit the north of Mongolia, the valleys of the Selenga, Onon, Iro rivers and the eastern shore of Lake Khubsugul. Related Barguts are on the banks of the Kerulen River.

Language and writing

The official language in Mongolia is Mongolian, although in Bayan-Ulegei aimak the Kazakh language is also used when teaching in schools. Modern Mongolian, spoken by the bulk of the population of Mongolia, as well as the Chinese Mongols living in Inner Mongolia and some other areas, includes several dialects.

For writing, the Cyrillic script is currently used, based on the modern literary language created using the Khalkha dialect. The Old Mongolian letter, which appeared at the beginning of the 13th century, is now rarely used in Mongolia. The alphabet for it was taken by the Mongols from the Uyghurs, who in turn borrowed it from the Sogdians. At the beginning of the 17th century, this alphabet was partly changed.

In the 18th-19th centuries, the Tibetan language was widespread in Mongolia, in which works of art, religious and scientific treatises were written, it was and continues to be used in the religious practice of Buddhism.

Religion

53% of the country's population professes Buddhism, 3% Islam, and over 40 thousand Christians, mainly of various Protestant denominations, also live in Mongolia.

Notes

Literature

Brook S.I. “World population. Ethnodemographic directory", - Moscow 1986
"Der Fischer Weltalmanach 2007.Zahlen.Fakten.Daten."

wiki.sc

Population of Mongolia. Population of Mongolia

Ethnobury

noun: Mongol, Mongolian, Mongols
adjective: Mongolian

Origin and nationality

Mongols (mainly Khalkha Mongols) - 94.9%, Turkic peoples (of which Kazakhs are the largest group) - 5%, others (including Chinese and Russians) - 0.1%
(based on 2000 data)

Languages of Mongolia

Mongolian (state) – 90%, Turkic languages, Russian
(according to 1999 data)

Religious composition of the population of Mongolia

Buddhists - 50%, Muslims - 4%, shamans and Christians - 4%, non-believers - 40%
(according to 2004 data)

Population of Mongolia, population of Mongolia

3,179,997 (2012 estimate)

Age composition of the population of Mongolia

0-14 years: 26,87%
15-24 years: 17,69%
25-54 years old: 45,04%
55-64 years old: 6,29%
65 years and older: 4,12%
(2015 estimate)

Average age

Total: 27.5 years
men: 26.7 years
women: 28.3 years
(2015 estimate)

Mongolia population growth rate

1,31%
(2015 estimate)

Fertility rate

20.25 births / 1,000 people
(2015 estimate)

Death rate

6.35 deaths / 1,000 people
(2015 estimate)

Urbanization

Largest cities in Mongolia

Ulaanbaatar (capital) - 1.377 million.
(2015)

Male to female ratio

at birth: 1.05 m./f.
0-14 years: 1.04 m./f.
15-24 years: 1.02 m./f.
25-54 years old: 0.94 m./f.
55-64 years old: 0.85 m./f.
65 years and older: 0.69 m./f.
total by population: 0.96 m./f.
(2015 estimate)

Infant mortality rate

general: 22.44 deaths/1,000 live births
boys: 25.64 deaths/1,000 live births
girls: 19.09 deaths/1,000 live births
(2015 estimate)

Life expectancy at birth

general: 69.29 years old
men: 65.04 years
women: 73.76 years
(2015 estimate)

Total fertility rate

2.17 children / 1 woman.
(2015 estimate)

Health care costs

6% of GDP
(2013)

among the adult population: 0,04%

people living with HIV/AIDS: 600

deaths: less than 100
(2013 estimate)

Education expenses

5.5% of GDP
(2011)

www.world-globe.ru

Population of Mongolia

Population density– 1.7 people/sq.km. Ethnic composition: 85% of the country is Mongols, 7% Kazakhs, 4.6% Durwoods, 3.4% representatives of other ethnic groups. As of January 1, 2014, the population of Mongolia was 2,930,000 people.

Last year there was the largest increase in the entire history of the country, more than 80 thousand babies were born. Mongolia has the highest birth rate among non-Muslim countries in the world. According to the forecast of the National Statistical Office of Mongolia Population the country will reach 3 million people by 2018.

Average population density- less than 2 people per 1 km2; in Ulaanbaatar 162 people. per 1 km2. More than 50% of the population still lives in yurts. The share of the urban population, according to 2003 data, is 56%.

There are more men among internal migrants. They migrate mainly to Ulaanbaatar and the central fertile regions of the country. In 2003, the population of Ulaanbaatar - St. 1/3 of Mongolia's population. In 2002, 23,778 people moved to the capital from various regions; 600 people moved from Ulaanbaatar to the countryside. Total in 1998-2002. 95.4 thousand people moved to Ulaanbaatar.

40.6% of the total population lives in Ulaanbaatar, as well as in the centers of Orkhon, Darkhan-Ul, Eastern and Khubsugul aimags population of Mongolia and 71.6% of the total urban population.

The process of migration of rural residents to cities, especially to the capital, and the depopulation of outlying areas are associated with the difficult socio-economic situation in the regions. According to unofficial data for 2002, the number of Mongols who went abroad is 300 thousand people.

In recent years, there has been a tendency in the country to increase birth rate. Overall mortality has decreased. In 2002, maternal mortality decreased by 7% compared to 1996-2000. In 1963, there were 99.7 thousand people in Mongolia. over 60 years old, and in 2000 - 124.3 thousand. Retirement age: men - 60 years, women - 55 years.

Population- age composition of the population - children under 14 years old account for 36%, from 15 to 64 years old 60.2%, people over 65 years old account for 3.8%.

Ethnic composition: Khalkha-Mongols (81.5%), Kazakhs (4.3%), Derbets, Baits, Darigangas, Zakhchins, Buryats, Oolds and other nationalities. Languages: Mongolian, Kazakh (in Bayan-Ulgiy aimag), dialects of the Mongolian language.

IN Kazakhstan For example, more than 90 thousand Mongolian citizens work, of which 46 thousand have dual citizenship. More than 31 thousand Mongolian citizens work in South Korea. The largest number of Mongolian students study in the capital of China - there are 2,344 of them. There are 807 Mongolian students studying in Irkutsk, Russia.

Major religions: Buddhism (Lamaism), Christianity. 70-80% of the population of Mongolia consider themselves practicing Buddhists. In 2001, there were more than 180 officially registered religious organizations in the country, of which 110 were Buddhist, 60 Christian, and others.

ETHNIC GROUPS

Darhaty Mongolian people live in the Khubsugol aimak in the soums of Rinchinlkhumbe, Ulaan-Uul, Tsagaannuur, Bayanzurkh. Number 21,624.

Khotony Turkic Mongolized people, live compactly in the Tarialan soum of the Ubsunur aimag. They speak the Derbet dialect. The rituals contain Muslim elements. Number 10,249.

Uzemchiny/literally: winegrowers/ Mongolian people, live in the Sergelen and Bulgan somons of the Eastern aimag and the Erdenetsagaan somon of the Sukhbaatar aimag, where they migrated in 1945. from the territory of Inner Mongolia of China. Number 2713.

Bytes Mongolian people, live in the somons of Zuungobi, Tes, Khyargas, Malchin, Naranbulag / interspersed with derbets / in the Ubsunur aimak. The total number is 57,787 people.

Derbets, Western Mongolian people, live in the Ubsunur aimag in the Bukhmoron, Davst, Sagil, Ulgiy, Umnugov soums in the Kobdo aimag - in the Durgun soum. Number of people: 75845 people. Descendants of the Derbets also live in Kalmykia.

Zakhchin Mongolian people, live in the Kobdo aimag in the Altai, Mankhan, Zereg, Uench, Must somons. Number of people: 33844 people.

Dariganga Mongolian people, live in the Sukhbaatar aimag in the Erdenetsagaan somon, in the Eastern aimag in the Sergelen and Bulgan somons. Number of people: 36279 people.

Tuvans live on the territory of Mongolia in the Tsengel soum of the Bayan-Ulgiy aimag and the Buyant somon of the Kobdo aimag. They speak Tuvyuin, Mongolian and Kazakh languages. Number of people: 5433 people.

Hotgoyts Mongolian people in western Mongolia. Number of people: 8229 people.

Bargins /Barga/ Mongolian people, live in the Khulunbuir and Gurvanzagal soums of the Eastern aimag. Number 2850.

Torguts Mongolian people, live in the Bulgan soum of the Kobdo aimag. Number of people: 14358 people.

Uldi Mongolian people, live in the Erdeneburen soum of the Kobdo aimag. Number of people: 16639 people.

Tsatans Mongol-Tuvinian people, reindeer herders, live in the mountains of the Rinchinlkhumbe, Tsagaannuur, and Ulaan-Uul soums of the Khubsugul aimag. Number of people: 545 people.

Kazakhs are a Turkic people, the main population of the Bayan-Ulgiy aimag, also live in the Selengiy aimag, in the city of Ulaanbaatar and the city of Nalaikh. Number of people: 117916 people. They have well preserved their language and religious traditions.

Myangats Mongolian people, live in Myangad soum of Kobdo aimag. Number of people: 6915 people.

Buryats live in the Teshig soum of the Bulgan aimag. Bayandun somon, Bayan-Uul, Dashbalbar, Tsagaan-ovoo of the Eastern aimag, in the Yero somon of the Selenga aimag, in the Mungunmort somon of the Central aimag, Tsagaan-uur somon, Khankh of the Khubsugol aimag, Batshireet somon, Bayan-Adarga, Binder, Dadal, Norovlin of the Khenti aimag .

In Mongolia, Buriat tribes of the Agin, Khorin, Selenga, Ikharid-Bulgad and Tunkhen-Alair clans are represented. Number of people: 46185 people.

Uriankhians Altai-Mongolian people, live in the Kobdo aimag in the Munkhkhairkhan, Duut, Must somons, in the Bayan-Ulgiy aimag in the Altai, Bulgan, Bugat somons. Number of people: 28633 people.

Russians- have lived in Mongolia since the mid-19th century. At the end of the 1950s, the number reached 12 thousand, currently more than 2 thousand. They live in Ulaanbaatar, Darkhan, Erdenet, Sukhbaatar, village. Zunkharaa.

Chinese- began to settle in Mongolia in the 19th century, occupying the niche of urban traders and artisans. They live in Ulaanbaatar and Selenga aimak, the number of permanent residents is just over 3 thousand. In Mongolia there is an ethnic group of Russian-Chinese mestizos (about 800 people), most of whom consider themselves Russian.

www.best-country.org

Population of Mongolia - Wikipedia

Mongols at the national holiday Nadom

This article is about population of Mongolia, about its ethnic and religious composition.

Population dynamics

1918 - 647.5 thousand people (census);
1935 - 738.2 thousand people (census);
1944 - 759.1 thousand people (census);
1956 - 845.5 thousand people (census);
1963 - 1071.1 thousand people (census);
1969 - 1197.6 thousand people (census);
1979 - 1595.0 thousand people (census);
1989 - 2044.0 thousand people (census);
2000 - 2373.5 thousand people (census);
2011 - 2811.6 thousand people
2015 - 3057.8 thousand people (mid-term census)

According to forecasts, by the end of the 21st century, the population of Mongolia may decrease to 1 million.

National composition

Mongolia is a mono-ethnic state.
The largest part of the population (94%) are representatives of the Mongolian group. Also living in Mongolia are Turks and a small number of Russians and Chinese. The Mongolian ethnic community developed in Central Asia. In the 10th century AD, a significant part of this territory was home to the Mongol-speaking Khitans. In the 13th century, the Mongol-speaking tribes living here were united by Genghis Khan in one power, which served as the beginning of the formation of the Mongolian people. After the collapse of the Mongol Empire in the 14th century, already in the 15th century the Mongols were divided into western and eastern groups, and in the middle of the 16th century the eastern, in turn, split into northern and southern.

The dominant ethnic group of Mongols living in the country are the Khalkha Mongols ( Khalkh), numbering 2,168,141 people, constituting 82.40% of the total population of the country (2010 census), as well as Buryats. The Khalkhas were formed on the basis of ancient Mongolian elements. Among the Khalkhas there are some clans of Turkic origin. Some features of life and language distinguish a few ethnographic groups close to the Khalkha: Dariganga (27,412 people, 1.04%), living in the southeastern Dornogovi (East Gobi) aimak, and Khotogoit (15,460 people, 0.59% ). The peoples of the southern group of Mongols - the Uzumchins (2,577 people), Chakhars (132 people), Khorchins (152 people) and others - also underwent significant assimilation by the Khalkhas.

Sub-ethnic groups of Khalkhas:

The western group of Mongols - the Oirats - include the Derbets living in the Uvs (Ubsunur) aimag and, together with their related Khoits and Khoshuts, number 72,403 people or 2.75% of the country's population (2010 census), Zakhchins (mainly in the south and the center of Khovd (Kobdos) aimak), numbering 32,845 people in the country. or 1.25%, Olet (in the east of Bayan-Ulgiy (Bayan-Ulegey) aimag, 15,520 people or 0.59%), Torguts (southwest of Khovd (Kobdos) aimag, 14,176 or 0.54%) , Bayats (mainly in Uvs (Ubsunur) aimag, 56,573 people or 2.15%), Myangats (in the north of Khovd (Kobdos) aimag, 6,592 people or 0.25%). The Torguts are descendants of those Oirat tribes that returned to Central Asia from the banks of the Volga in 1771. Altai Uriankhians (26,654 people or 1.01%) inhabit Khovd, Bayan-Ulgiy aimaks) and are divided into several ethnic groups. These are the Altai and Khubsugul Uriankhians.

The Turkic population is represented in Mongolia primarily by Kazakhs. The number of Kazakhs is 101,526 people or 3.86%, 2010 census; according to some estimates - up to 140 thousand people. or up to 5% of the total population. After the suppression of the Uighur uprising in Xinjiang, some Kazakhs sought asylum in Mongolia to escape the Manchu punitive operation. Kazakhs
came to Mongolia from various places - some migrated in the middle of the 19th century from the southern to the northern slope of the Mongolian Altai, others came from the upper reaches of Bukhtarma and the valley of the Black Irtysh. Kazakhs preserve their language and culture. They make up the majority of the population in Bayan-Ulgii aimag.

The Tsaatans (282 people, 2010) are Tuvan reindeer herders, originally from Todja, (Tuva). The Monchak Tuvinians are close in language to the Kazakhs. The Khotons (11,304 people or 0.43%) came to Mongolia at the end of the 17th century from Xinjiang and have now switched to the Mongolian language, living mainly in Uvs aimak, and also more scatteredly in Khovd, Zavkhan, Khuvsgel aimaks.

There are currently about 1.5 thousand Russians living in Mongolia. (2007). Back in the late 80s of the 20th century, there were 20 thousand of them. They began to move to Mongolia in the middle of the 19th century; the first of the Russian population here were Old Believers who fled from religious persecution. Today there are several hundred Chinese left in Mongolia (250 as of 2007), although in the mid-60s of the 20th century the number of Chinese reached 25 thousand.

Ethnic composition
(2010 census)

nationality	number	share %	group
Khalkha Mongols	2168141	82,40
Kazakhs	101526	3,86	Turks
darbats	72403	2,75
bayaty	56573	2,15
Buryats	45087	1,71
Zakhchin	32845	1,25
dariganga	27412	1,04
Uriankhians	26654	1,01
darhat	21558	0,82
flights	15520	0,59
Khotogoyty	15460	0,59
Torguts	14176	0,54
hotons	11304	0,43	Omongolized Turks
Myangats	6592	0,25
Tuvans (Tuva)	5169	0,20	Turks (Tuva proper)
barguts (barga)	2989	0,11
Uzumchin	2577	0,10
Elzhigins	1340	0,05
sartuls	1286	0,05
hamnigans	537	0,02	descendants of the Omongolized Tungus-Manchus (Evenks)
Tsaatans	282	0,01	Turks (descendants of Tuvinians)
Uzbeks (chantuu)	260	0,01	unmongolized Uzbeks
Khorchin	152	0,01
chahars	132	0,01
other nationalities - Mongolian citizens	1142	0,04
Foreign citizens:	16320	0,62
— China	8688	0,33
- Russia	2474	0,09
- The Republic of Korea	1522	0,06
— USA	656	0,02
- other foreign citizens	2980	0,11
other	108	0,00
TOTAL	2647545	100,0

Settlement and dynamics

Kazakhs live mainly along the upper reaches of the Kobdo River, where the Bayan-Ulgiy aimak was formed. Altai Uriankhians and Tuvan Monchaks are settled throughout the Mongolian Altai, from the headwaters of the Kobdo to the headwaters of the Bulgan. The Khuvsgul Uriankhians live respectively in the Khubsugul aimak; Here, among the Darkhat, the Tsaatan also live. Russians and Chinese mostly live in cities.

Language and writing

In 1945, in Mongolia, the Mongolian language was translated into Cyrillic, which was based on the Russian alphabet with the addition of 2 more letters - Ө and Ү. An attempt to restore the Old Mongolian script (still used by the Mongols of neighboring China), made in the early 90s of the 20th century, was unsuccessful.

Religion

53% of the country's population professes Buddhism, 3% Islam, and over 40 thousand Christians, mainly of various Protestant denominations, also live in Mongolia.

The primary, ancient religion of the Mongols was shamanism, which persisted in some mountainous regions of the country until the mid-20th century. However, in most of Mongolia it was supplanted by Buddhism, which came from Tibet at the end of the 16th century, mainly the Gelug school. In 1921, there were 747 Buddhist monasteries in the country, in which 120 thousand lamas lived, which was 2/5 of the total number of men in Mongolia. In 1937, religion was banned in Mongolia, temples and monasteries were destroyed, priests and monks were repressed. In the post-war period, the only Buddhist temple in Ulaanbaatar was symbolically opened. Since 1989, freedom of conscience has existed in Mongolia, and a significant number of Buddhist, Muslim and Christian religious buildings and structures have been built.

Kazakhs and Khotons profess Islam.

Notes

Literature

Brook S.I. “World population. Ethnodemographic directory", - Moscow 1986
"Der Fischer Weltalmanach 2007.Zahlen.Fakten.Daten."
Potemkina I. I. “Mongolia”, - Moscow, “Thought”, 1988-142 p.

wikipedia.green

Population of Mongolia Wikipedia

Mongols at the national holiday Nadom

This article is about population of Mongolia, about its ethnic and religious composition.

Population dynamics

1918 - 647.5 thousand people (census);
1935 - 738.2 thousand people (census);
1944 - 759.1 thousand people (census);
1956 - 845.5 thousand people (census);
1963 - 1071.1 thousand people (census);
1969 - 1197.6 thousand people (census);
1979 - 1595.0 thousand people (census);
1989 - 2044.0 thousand people (census);
2000 - 2373.5 thousand people (census);
2011 - 2811.6 thousand people
2015 - 3057.8 thousand people (mid-term census)

According to forecasts, by the end of the 21st century, Mongolia's population could decline to 1 million as a result of declining birth rates.

National composition

Mongolia is a mono-ethnic state. The largest part of the population (94%) are representatives of the Mongolian group. Also living in Mongolia are Turks and a small number of Russians and Chinese. The Mongolian ethnic community developed in Central Asia. In the 10th century AD, a significant part of this territory was home to the Mongol-speaking Khitans. In the 13th century, the Mongol-speaking tribes living here were united by Genghis Khan in one power, which served as the beginning of the formation of the Mongolian people. After the collapse of the Mongol Empire in the 14th century, already in the 15th century the Mongols were divided into western and eastern groups, and in the middle of the 16th century the eastern, in turn, split into northern and southern.

Sub-ethnic groups of Khalkhas:

The western group of Mongols - the Oirats - include the Derbets living in the Uvs (Ubsunur) aimag and, together with their related Khoits and Khoshuts, number 72,403 people or 2.75% of the country's population (2010 census), Zakhchins (mainly in the south and the center of Khovd (Kobdos) aimak), numbering 32,845 people in the country. or 1.25%, Olet (in the east of Bayan-Ulgiy (Bayan-Ulegey) aimag, 15,520 people or 0.59%), Torguts (southwest of Khovd (Kobdos) aimag, 14,176 or 0.54%) , Bayats (mainly in Uvs (Ubsunur) aimag, 56,573 people or 2.15%), Myangats (in the north of Khovd (Kobdos) aimag, 6,592 people or 0.25%). The Torguts are descendants of those Oirat tribes that returned to Central Asia from the banks of the Volga in 1771. Altai Uriankhians (26,654 people or 1.01%) inhabit Khovd, Bayan-Ulgiy aimaks) and are divided into several ethnic groups. These are the Altai and Khubsugul Uriankhians.

Ethnic composition
(2010 census)

nationality	number	share %	group
Khalkha Mongols	2168141	82,40
Kazakhs	101526	3,86	Turks
darbats	72403	2,75
bayaty	56573	2,15
Buryats	45087	1,71
Zakhchin	32845	1,25
dariganga	27412	1,04
Uriankhians	26654	1,01
darhat	21558	0,82
flights	15520	0,59
Khotogoyty	15460	0,59
Torguts	14176	0,54
hotons	11304	0,43	unmongolized Turks
Myangats	6592	0,25
Tuvans (Tuva)	5169	0,20	Turks (Tuva proper)
barguts (barga)	2989	0,11
Uzumchin	2577	0,10
Elzhigins	1340	0,05
sartuls	1286	0,05
hamnigans	537	0,02	descendants of the Omongolized Tungus-Manchus (Evenks)
Tsaatans	282	0,01	Turks (descendants of Tuvinians)
Uzbeks (chantuu)	260	0,01	unmongolized Uzbeks
Khorchin	152	0,01
chahars	132	0,01
other nationalities - Mongolian citizens	1142	0,04
Foreign citizens:	16320	0,62
— China	8688	0,33
- Russia	2474	0,09
- The Republic of Korea	1522	0,06
— USA	656	0,02
- other foreign citizens	2980	0,11
other	108	0,00
TOTAL	2647545	100,0

Settlement and dynamics

Language and writing

Religion

53% of the country's population professes Buddhism, 3% Islam, and over 40 thousand Christians, mainly of various Protestant denominations, also live in Mongolia.

Kazakhs and Khotons profess Islam.

Notes

Literature

Brook S.I. “World population. Ethnodemographic directory", - Moscow 1986
"Der Fischer Weltalmanach 2007.Zahlen.Fakten.Daten."
Potemkina I. I. “Mongolia”, - Moscow, “Thought”, 1988-142 p.

wikiredia.ru

Mongolia is a country with a small population; according to the latest data, only more than 3 million people live here. Such a small number of people living on a large territory of 1.5 million square meters. km. due to many historical and economic factors.

The heyday of the Mongol Empire, which began with Genghis Khan, occurred in the 12th-14th centuries. The population grew rapidly due to the annexation of conquered territories. Then, over the course of several centuries, Mongolia, from a once strong, rich state, gradually began to turn into one of the most backward countries in the world, in which, as researchers note, 800 thousand people lived in the 18th century. During the same period, the population in China increased by 3.1 times, in India by 2.9 times, and in Russia by 4 times.

By the beginning of the 20th century, Mongolia's population had dropped to 500 thousand people, and it seemed that the country was facing gradual extinction. There were 10 lamas per inhabitant with vows of celibacy and action.

According to the 1918 census, 648.1 thousand people lived here, of which 100 thousand were Chinese, 5 thousand Russians and 540 thousand Mongols.

The people's revolution of 1921 gave a certain impetus to the revival of the nation, although the rate of population growth until the 50s was slowed down due to a number of reasons, the main ones being very high infant mortality and death from epidemics. The country's population during this period reached only 772 thousand people.

However, starting in 1951, thanks to consistent state policies aimed at improving the well-being and raising the living standards of the Mongols, the demographic situation began to improve and by the beginning of the 80s Mongolia already had 1.5 million inhabitants.

Thus, in 1956, 16.8 thousand children were born in the country, in 1960 - 40.7 thousand, and the population growth was 43.2 people per 1000 population. True, it should be noted that this “peak” year did not continue; a downward trend in the birth rate began to be observed, which persisted over the next 30 years.

With the beginning of democratic processes and economic reforms in Mongolia, as in many countries of the former socialist camp, a sharp deterioration in the demographic situation began to be observed.

If in the 60-80s families with 5-7 or even 10 children in Mongolia were considered the norm, then the socio-economic crisis that arose in the country since the early 90s had a negative impact on the birth rate. Having 2-3 children is now considered optimal for many families.

Moreover, it is noted that the higher the well-being of the family, the fewer children there are in it.

According to experts, the irreparable losses of the state over this 10-year period amounted to 300 thousand people - unborn citizens of the country.

Based on the 1989 population census, specialists from the National Statistical Office, together with scientists from the Mongolian Academy of Sciences, made a forecast according to which the country's population could reach 4 million people by 2020.

Surprisingly, in terms of declining birth rates, Mongolia today is far superior to even the PRC, where a strict demographic policy is being pursued.

According to the 1999 census, Mongolia had a population of 2,382,500, an increase of 16.1% compared to 1989. However, over the past 10 years, average annual population growth has declined. At the same time, there is still a significant bias towards the outflow of population from the countryside to the city, which has a negative impact on the decline in the birth rate in the country, since the increase in the number of residents of Mongolia is mainly taking place in the countryside. About one and a half million people, or almost half of the country's population, currently live in Ulaanbaatar alone, the capital of Mongolia.

Thus, it is becoming increasingly clear that by 2020 Mongolia is unlikely to be able to overcome even the 3.5 million barrier (the country currently has a population of 3.2 million).

As scientists say, population growth now is just the inertia of the period of the 70-80s, when the birth rate was at a higher level. This inertia already ended in 2010, when girls born during the decline in fertility - starting in the 90s - reached reproductive age. It was from this period that significant population growth ended and now there is a tendency towards its decline. And if this situation continues for several years, then, as scientists suggest, by the end of the 21st century the country’s population may decline and reach 2 million people.

However, the National Statistical Office of Mongolia is not so pessimistic in its forecasts and claims that by 2040 the country's population will reach over 4 million people, and by 2045 5 million.

Mongolia is a state located in East Asia, bordered by Russia, China and landlocked. Vast areas of the country, some of which are unsuitable for life, are unevenly populated. At the same time, Mongolia boasts a fast pace of economic development and a fairly high standard of living of the population. Mongolia has observer status in most international organizations.

Brief history of the state

The first attempts to establish a Mongolian state were made by disunited tribes that settled the territory of modern Mongolia 850 thousand years ago, in the 4th century BC. The Huns then united to fight the Chinese tribes and ruled the Mongolian steppe until 93 BC. Later, the Hunnic Empire was replaced by several Kyrgyz, Turkic and Mongol khanates. None of them managed to gain a foothold in the Mongol lands for a long time: a nomadic lifestyle, militancy and insufficiently authoritative power - all this became the cause of disunity.

A more stable union of tribes went down in history as Khamag Mongol and became the basis of the future Mongol Empire led by Genghis Khan. But already from the end of the 13th century, cultural differences, the death of the strongest ruler, the endless redistribution of power and the heterogeneity of the population of the state became the reason for the beginning of the collapse of the Golden Horde.

Over the next few centuries, the Mongolian steppes were occupied by various rulers, empires and peoples: the Yuan Empire, the Northern Yuan Dynasty, the Chinese Qing Empire ruled by the Manchu Dynasty - until 1911. When the Xinhai Revolution thundered in China, putting an end to the empire, and a national revolution arose in Mongolia itself, statehood as such did not exist on the territory of modern Mongolia.

New Mongolia was recognized as an autonomous part of the Republic of China in 1915, and nine years later the independence of the state was proclaimed again (for the first time in 1911). However, until the end of World War II, the independence of Mongolia was recognized only by the USSR.

The Mongolian People's Republic was characterized by some features of Soviet power: repression, collectivization, destruction of monasteries, and later perestroika. Japan's aggression was reflected by the joint actions of the USSR and Mongolia. The modern history of Mongolia began with the adoption of a new Constitution in 1992 and a change in political course.

Government and politics

Mongolia, which has a diverse population, is a parliamentary republic. The head of state is the president, the executive branch is represented by the government, and the legislative branch is represented by the parliament, which is called the State Great Khural. Locally, power remains in the hands of local governments, which are elected for a term of four years.

In 2008, an internal political crisis occurred in Mongolia, which provoked mass unrest in the capital of the state (Ulaanbaatar) and caused a change of government and re-election of the president. Currently, the president of the state is Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, the ruling party is the Mongolian People's Party (MPP).

Geography of Mongolia

In terms of territory, the state ranks nineteenth in the world, being quite large. The area of Mongolia is 1,564,116 km², which is comparable, for example, to half of Yakutia. Most of the country (geographically) is occupied by a plain with several towering ridges and mountain ranges. The Gobi Desert is located in the southern part of Mongolia.

All fresh water sources originate in the mountains and are fed by several large tributaries. Mongolia has a large number of lakes, many of which are temporary, that is, they form during the rainy season and disappear during drought.

The area of Mongolia and the location of the state make the climate sharply continental. The average temperature in winter ranges from -25 to -35 degrees, in summer it is within the same values with a plus sign. The amount of precipitation decreases from northwest to south.

Administrative division of the state

Mongolia, whose population is unevenly distributed throughout the state, is divided into 21 aimags, with a total of 329 soums, and the capital Ulaanbaatar. The largest city, as expected, is the capital, with one and a half million permanent residents. The administrative center is followed in terms of population by aimag Khuvsgel (114 thousand people), Dornogovi (109 thousand people) and Uverkhangai (100 thousand people).

A characteristic feature of Mongolia is the presence of temporary settlements, and therefore a different address system is used than the standard one. Thus, in Mongolia there are no usual names of cities, streets, house and apartment numbers, and addresses are replaced by digital codes that allow you to determine the location of an object on the ground with an accuracy of one meter. Moreover, the longer the code, the more accurately the location of the object can be determined. The system is suitable for use on a global scale and is actively used in digital cartography and navigation systems.

Economy of Mongolia

Mongolia's economy is developing unusually dynamically, and the state itself is the largest market in the entire Asia-Pacific region. According to the latest forecasts, the state's economy will grow at least 15% per year in the short term.

The main industries of Mongolia are represented by:

mining (20% of GDP) and mineral resources;
agriculture (16% of GDP);
transport (13%);
trade (also 13%).

Considering the employment of the population, it can be noted that the majority of able-bodied citizens are employed in agriculture (41%), slightly less in the service sector(29%) and trade (14%).

Mongolia imports petroleum products, equipment (both industrial and industrial) and consumer goods (the population is provided with everything necessary). The main partners in international trade are Russia, China, Japan and South Korea.

Financial sector

The Central Bank has the same functions as similar institutions in other countries. The currency of Mongolia is the Mongolian tugrik, which was introduced into circulation back in 1925. Today, the average exchange rate is: 2405 tugriks = 1 US dollar. Despite the fact that there is a national currency of Mongolia, the American dollar is also in circulation (used in almost all areas except for payment of government services) and the Russian ruble or euro, which are accepted in small shops (mainly in the capital) and markets.

By the way, prices in Mongolia pleasantly surprise tourists. You can purchase memorable souvenirs, products made from natural wool and leather, and carpets in the capital at a cost lower than in Russia. Food prices are moderate. So, lunch will cost an average of 6-7 dollars.

Population of the state: general characteristics

The population of Mongolia is characterized by monoethnicity, a predominant urban population (even despite large employment in agriculture), positive natural growth, a large number of dialects in the linguistic affiliation of the population and a diverse religious composition.

State population

The population of Mongolia as of 2015 is 3 million 57 thousand people. Residents of the capital account for one third of the total number of citizens. The nature of the resettlement of citizens across the territory of the state will be discussed below in more detail.

Natural population growth is 28 people per 1000 citizens per year. This fact allowed the population of Mongolia to quadruple between 1950 and 2007. Back in 1918, the population of Mongolia was only 647 thousand people, and by 1969 it was already twice that. No reliable data on the number of inhabitants before 1918 has been preserved due to the difficult history of the formation of statehood, when the territories of Mongolia were part of other countries, and the indigenous population was oppressed.

Density and settlement of residents

The average population density of Mongolia is almost 2 people per square kilometer. This indicator caused the state to be placed in last place (195th line) in the list of population density of countries in the world. The most densely populated areas in Mongolia (5-6 people per square kilometer) are the Orkhon River valley and the mountainous areas of Khangai - the most habitable areas to the west of the capital.

Vast territories (40%) of the state are unsuitable for a comfortable life due to natural features. The population density is a record one person per 10-15 square kilometers, and some of the territories remain completely uninhabited.

Ethnic and national composition

Mongolia (the population is predominantly made up of representatives of the Mongolian group) is a mono-ethnic state. The dominant ethnic group is divided into several clans of Turkic origin, subethnic groups and close ethnographic groups.

In addition to the indigenous population, which totals just over 82%, the country is home to Turks, Russians and Chinese. There are only one and a half thousand Russians in Mongolia, while back in the late 80s there were as many as 20 thousand. Mostly Old Believers fled to the neighboring state, fleeing religious persecution in their homeland. There are currently several hundred Chinese living in Mongolia; in the 60s, the number of immigrants from China in Mongolia reached 25 thousand people.

Language and writing in Mongolia

The diversity of closely related ethnic groups predetermines minor, but still pronounced linguistic differences. State (Mongolian) includes several dialects:

Oirat;
directly Mongolian;
Buryat;
Hamnigansky.

Turkic dialects are also widespread:

Kazakh;
Tuvan;
Tsaatan-Soyot.

Teaching in the capital of the state is also conducted in Kazakh.

In 1945, the Mongolian language was translated into Cyrillic with the addition of two more distinct letters. Old Mongolian is not used today, although attempts to restore the language have been made several times. In religious practices, Tibetan is still widely used to this day, in which works of art, religious and scientific treatises were written in past centuries.

Religious affiliation of the population

The main religion in Mongolia is modified Buddhism (53%). Moreover, in the capital the majority are Christian rather than Buddhist temples (197 versus 63). The majority of the population are atheists (38%). Religious diversity is also represented by Islam, shamanism, Christianity and some other religions.

Standards of living

Mongolia, the standard of living of whose population in most sources remains beyond the scope of the narrative, is a fairly developed state with a stable economy. There are still people in the country who lead a nomadic lifestyle, but their existence is made easier by the numerous benefits of civilization. The capital is similar to most modern cities. Thus, today Mongolia is confidently opening a “window to the big world.”

INFORMATION FOR TOURISTS

MONGOLIA. POPULATION

A little history...
1962 .Millionth citizen of Mongolia was born in February 1962.
1988. Two millionth citizen of Mongolia was born July 11, 1988 in the city of Darkhan. She was then given a two-room apartment.

2010. According to preliminary results of the population and housing census, which took place November 11-17, 2010 Nationally, there were 714,784 families in Mongolia, that is two million 650 thousand 673 people. This does not include the number of citizens who registered via the Internet and through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia (i.e., those living outside the country), and also does not take into account the number of military personnel, suspects and prisoners under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of Defense.

2014. As of January 1, 2014, the population of Mongolia was 2,930,000 people. In 2013, there was the largest increase in the entire history of the country, more than 80 thousand babies were born. Mongolia has the highest birth rate among non-Muslim countries in the world. Population density – 1.7 people/sq.km. Ethnic composition: 85% of the country is Mongols, 7% are Kazakhs, 4.6% are Durwoods, 3.4% are representatives of other ethnic groups.

2015. The country's three millionth citizen was born on January 24, 2015. The girl was born in the united hospital of Dalanzadgad soum of the South Gobi aimag in the family of Khatanbold Enkhtuvshingiin and Azzayaa Ganbatyn. The three millionth child citizen received an apartment or about 70 million tugriks. In addition, three million were given to all babies born on the same day.

2017. According to preliminary data end of 2017 Mongolia's population was 3.2 million people, which is 1.9% or 59.8 thousand people more than last year’s figures for the same period. In 2017, the country's birth rate was 75,734 children, of which 98.1% were born in Mongolia, and 1.9% were born abroad.

2020. According to preliminary data from the National Statistical Office, the population of Mongolia by the end of 2019 increased by 63.1 thousand people (1.9%) and amounted to 3.3 million.

The birth rate was 24.3 per thousand people, the death rate was 5.2. Natural population growth was 19.1 per thousand people. Compared to 2018, the birth rate dropped by 0.1 percentage points and the birth rate by 0.2 percentage points.

In 2019, 80 thousand 251 newborns were registered in the country, 78 thousand 223 of them or 97.5% were born in Mongolia, 2 thousand 28 or 2.5% were born abroad.

According to forecasts, by 2030 the population of Mongolia will increase to four million people, and by 2045 it will reach five million. Despite steady population growth, the proportion of older people will increase, and will account for 12.9 percent of the total population by 2030, and 16.3 percent by 2045, doubling from today. In this regard, the state needs to take specific measures to promote population growth, ensure a sustainable environment for the development and social protection of youth.

The average population density is less than 2 people. per 1 km2; in Ulaanbaatar 162 people. per 1 km2. More than 50% of the population still lives in yurts. The share of the urban population, according to 2003 data, is 56%. There are more men among internal migrants. They migrate mainly to Ulaanbaatar and the central fertile regions of the country. In 2003, the population of Ulaanbaatar - St. 1/3 of Mongolia's population. In 2002, 23,778 people moved to the capital from various regions; 600 people moved from Ulaanbaatar to the countryside. Total in 1998-2002. 95.4 thousand people moved to Ulaanbaatar. Ulaanbaatar, as well as the centers of Orkhon, Darkhan-Ul, Eastern and Khubsugol aimags, is home to 40.6% of the total population of Mongolia and 71.6% of the total urban population. The process of migration of rural residents to cities, especially to the capital, and the depopulation of outlying areas are associated with the difficult socio-economic situation in the regions. According to unofficial data for 2002, the number of Mongols who went abroad is 300 thousand people. In recent years, there has been a trend towards an increase in the birth rate in the country. Overall mortality has decreased. In 2002, maternal mortality decreased by 7% compared to 1996-2000. In 1963, there were 99.7 thousand people in Mongolia. over 60 years old, and in 2000 - 124.3 thousand. Retirement age: men - 60 years, women - 55 years.

Population - age composition of the population - children under 14 years old account for 36%, from 15 to 64 years old 60.2%, people over 65 years old account for 3.8%.

Ethnic composition: Khalkha-Mongols (81.5%), Kazakhs (4.3%), Derbets, Baits, Darigangas, Zakhchins, Buryats, Oolds and other nationalities. Languages: Mongolian, Kazakh (in Bayan-Ulgiy aimag), dialects of the Mongolian language.

In recent years, the number of Mongolian citizens living abroad has been growing rapidly. According to the latest statistics (March, 2010), 182 thousand 506 people work in 41 countries of the world, 9 550 students study outside Mongolia. In Kazakhstan, for example, more than 90 thousand Mongolian citizens work, of which 46 thousand have dual citizenship. More than 31 thousand Mongolian citizens work in South Korea. The largest number of Mongolian students study in the capital of China - there are 2,344 of them. There are 807 Mongolian students studying in Irkutsk, Russia.

Main religions: Buddhism (Lamaism), Christianity. 70-80% of the population of Mongolia consider themselves practicing Buddhists. In 2001, there were more than 180 officially registered religious organizations in the country, of which 110 were Buddhist, 60 Christian, and others.

ETHNIC GROUPS

Darhaty Mongolian people live in the Khubsugol aimak in the soums of Rinchinlkhumbe, Ulaan-Uul, Tsagaannuur, Bayanzurkh.
Khotony Number 21,624.
Uzemchiny Turkic Mongolized people live compactly in the Tarialan soum of the Ubsunur aimag. They speak the Derbet dialect. The rituals contain Muslim elements. Number 10,249.
/literally: winegrowers/ Mongolian people, live in the Sergelen and Bulgan somons of the Eastern aimag and the Erdenetsagaan somon of the Sukhbaatar aimag, where they migrated in 1945. from the territory of Inner Mongolia of China. Number 2713. Bytes
Mongolian people, live in the Zuungobi, Tes, Khyargas, Malchin, Naranbulag soums / interspersed with Derbets / in the Ubsunur aimag. The total number is 57,787 people. Derbets
Western Mongolian people, live in the Ubsunur aimag in the Bukhmoron, Davst, Sagil, Ulgiy, Umnugov somons in the Kobdo aimag - in the Durgun somon. Number of people: 75845 people. Descendants of the Derbets also live in Kalmykia. Zakhchyny
Mongolian people live in the Kobdo aimak in the Altai, Mankhan, Zereg, Uench, Must soums. Number of people: 33844 people. Dariganga
Tuvans Mongolian people live in the Sukhbaatar aimag in the Erdenetsagaan somon, in the Eastern aimag in the Sergelen and Bulgan somons. Number of people: 36279 people.
live on the territory of Mongolia in the Tsengel soum of the Bayan-Ulgiy aimag and the Buyant somon of the Kobdo aimag. They speak Tuvyuin, Mongolian and Kazakh languages. Number of people: 5433 people. Hotgoyts
Mongolian people in western Mongolia. Number of people: 8229 people.
Bargintsi /Barga/ Mongolian people live in the Khulunbuir and Gurvanzagal somons of the Eastern aimag. Number 2850.
Torguts Mongolian people live in the Bulgan soum of the Kobdo aimag. Number of people: 14358 people.
Uldy Mongolian people live in the Erdeneburen soum of the Kobdo aimag. Number of people: 16639 people.
Tsatany Mongol-Tuvan people, reindeer herders, live in the mountains of the Rinchinlkhumbe, Tsagaannuur, Ulaan-Uul somons of the Khubsugul aimag.
Number of people: 545 people. Kazakhs
Buryats live in the Teshig soum of the Bulgan aimag. Bayandun somon, Bayan-Uul, Dashbalbar, Tsagaan-ovoo of the Eastern aimag, in the Yero somon of the Selenga aimag, in the Mungunmort somon of the Central aimag, Tsagaan-uur somon, Khankh of the Khubsugol aimag, Batshireet somon, Bayan-Adarga, Binder, Dadal, Norovlin of the Khenti aimag . In Mongolia, Buriat tribes of the Agin, Khorin, Selenga, Ikharid-Bulgad and Tunkhen-Alair clans are represented. Number of people: 46185 people.
Uriankhians Altai-Mongolian people, live in the Kobdo aimag in the Munkhkhairkhan, Duut, Must somons, in the Bayan-Ulgiy aimag in the Altai, Bulgan, Bugat somons. Number of people: 28633 people.
Russians- have lived in Mongolia since the mid-19th century. At the end of the 1950s, the number reached 12 thousand, currently more than 2 thousand. They live in Ulaanbaatar, Darkhan, Erdenet, Sukhbaatar, village. Zunkharaa.
Chinese- began to settle in Mongolia in the 19th century, occupying the niche of urban traders and artisans. They live in Ulaanbaatar and Selenga aimak, the number of permanent residents is just over 3 thousand. In Mongolia there is an ethnic group of Russian-Chinese mestizos (about 800 people), most of whom consider themselves Russian.

MIGRATION OF POPULATION

In 1956, the urban population constituted 21.6 percent and it increased to 54.6 percent in 1994. The center of urbanization is Ulaanbaatar City, where population growth is particularly high. Migration is especially intensive from the western parts of the country to the center. The Government will have to pay closer attention to the emigration issues if the trend towards the increase is remaining in the future.

POPULATION PROSPECT

It is estimated that the percentage of and the number of children in the population will decrease while the population of working age will increase. Also the number of the elderly is expected to gradually increase. According to rough estimates, the Mongolian population will increase to reach 3.4 million in 2019 and the percentage of children of the age below 14 will decline to 27 percent. This also indicates that the population of working age will rise to 10 percent. There was a rapid growth in the birth rate in the 1960s, and the highest ever recorded was from 1970-1980. Since the 1980s the increase has been stable. However, the birthrate has been decreasing since the 1990s and its ratio was 20.9 in 1998, which is higher than the world's average. The death rate is decreasing and in recent years it has been 7.2 which is lower than the world's average rate .

NEWS OF MONGOLIA

According to calculations by the National Statistical Committee of Mongolia, The country's three millionth citizen was born on January 24, 2015. The girl was born in the united hospital of Dalanzadgad soum of the South Gobi aimag in the family of Khatanbold Enkhtuvshingiin and Azzayaa Ganbatyn. Today's regular meeting of the working group to determine the three millionth citizen was attended by the Head of the Administration of the President of Mongolia P. Tsagaan, a member of the VGH, the Minister of Human Development and Social Protection S. Erdene, the Minister of Health and Sports G. Shiilegdamba, the General Director of the Mongolian National Television and Radio Center .Oyundar, Chairman of the Office for Child Support I.Narantuya.
Today at 11:40 (horse hour), President of Mongolia Ts. Elbegdorj congratulated the three millionth citizen and wished her the best.
The Mongolian government decided to allocate funds from its reserves for children born on this day (we have already written about this). The three millionth child citizen will receive an apartment or about 70 million tugriks. In addition, three million will be given to all babies born on the same day. Almost a billion tugriks will be spent on all this.
The millionth citizen of Mongolia was born in February 1962
The two millionth citizen of Mongolia was born on July 11, 1988 in the city of Darkhan. She was also given a two-room apartment then.

According to the NSO forecast, the population of Mongolia will reach 3 million people by 2018

According to the National Center for Health Development of Mongolia, for the first quarter of 2007, nationwide population growth in Mongolia was 3.2%. During this period, 11.6 thousand mothers gave birth, MONTSAME reported. This means that per 1000 people there are 4.5 newborns and 1.3 deaths. Compared to the same period last year, the birth rate per 1000 population increased by 0.2 points, population growth by 0.5 points, and mortality decreased by 0.3 points.

The report of the National Statistical Office noted that the highest population growth rate was recorded in 1969-1979, and population growth reached 2.9 points. The lowest figure was recorded in 1935-1944, when it was 0.3.

As of the first ten months of 2008, the number of first births in Mongolia reached 35 thousand. This represents an increase of 3 thousand compared to the same period last year, MONTSAME reports with reference to the National Health Center under the Ministry of Health of Mongolia.

A sharp increase in the number of births is observed in the aimags of Orkhon, Khuvsgul, Bayankhongor, Dornogovi, Darkhan-Uul, Selenge, Khentii, Arkhangai, Sukhbaatar, Bayan-Ulgii, Uvurkhangai, Dundgovi, Zavkhan, Dornod, Khovd and Tuv. However, in Ulaanbaatar and Uvurkhangai aimag, one case of maternal mortality was recorded each, which is why this figure reached 30.

The infant mortality rate under 5 years per 1000 live births was 22.8. This represents a decrease compared to the same period last year, the Mongolian agency said in a statement.

As of January 1, 2014, the population of Mongolia was 2,930,000 people. Last year there was the largest increase in the entire history of the country, more than 80 thousand babies were born. Mongolia has the highest birth rate among non-Muslim countries in the world.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

Information about Mongolia 2000. Da. Handbold. ADMOND Co.Ltd.,Mongolia.
Materials used from Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia
Mongolia. Geographical encyclopedia. Yu. Kruchkin. Ulaanbaatar. 2009.
Materials from the news portal were used

Mongolia is a republic located in East Asia. The capital of the state is Ulaanbaatar. The population of the capital is about 1.3 million people. The region, which is not washed by the seas, is almost eleven times smaller in area (1,564,116 km2) than Russia. Mongolia's neighbors are Russia on the northern side, and China on the eastern, southern and western sides. The state is a participant in UN structures and is listed as an observer in some CIS structures.

History of the country

In ancient times, the lands of the state were covered with swamps and forests, and steppes and meadows spread on the plains. In the 4th century BC. An ancient people, the Huns, lived in this territory. In 202 BC. e. On the lands of modern Mongolia, the Hun Empire was created under the command of Modun Shanyu. This was the first empire of nomadic tribes. The Huns ruled the Mongol lands until 93 AD. e.

After them, Mongol, Kyrgyz and Turkic khans came to rule. In the 12th century, the Mongol tribe tried to unite into a single state, but the process was more like a unification of communities. This attempt to create a united state went down in history under the name Khamag Mongol.

The empire was created in 1206 as a result of the unification of Genghis Khan with Manchuria and the disunited Mongol tribes. As a result of active military operations, the power's lands expanded significantly. Part of China and significant territories in Asia, the state of the Ilkhans and part of Kievan Rus were captured.

The borders of the empire extended over 33 million km 2, and the population was 100 million people. Given that at that time there were 300 million people living all over the world. But from 1294, the Mongol Empire began to slowly disintegrate. The post-imperial period was spent under the rule of the Northern Yuan dynasty.

In 1924, with the support of the Soviet Union, Mongolia was proclaimed the Mongolian People's Republic. What was the population of Mongolia then? The number of citizens in 1918 is estimated at 647.5 thousand people.

In 1961, Mongolia became a member of the UN, and in 1962 - a member of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, headed by the USSR. At the same time, population growth began. After the collapse of the USSR, democratic and economic reforms took place in Mongolia. Industry, agriculture, and trade were privatized. In 1997, the state became a member of the WTO.

Peoples of Mongolia

The state is a mono-ethnic community. The total population of Mongolia, as of 2015, is estimated at just over three million people. 94% of the country's inhabitants are from Mongolian groups. Also in the country live Turks, a small percentage of Chinese and Russians.

There are about twenty Mongolian and non-Mongolian ethnic groups in the republic. The largest group is the Khalkha Mongols, who number about 2.1 million people (82.4% of the total population). The Khalkhas inhabit the southern, eastern and central parts of the country. In the west live the Derbers, Zakhchins, Torguts, Bayats and Olets. These are the descendants of the Western Mongols-Oirats.

About 101.5 thousand Kazakhs live in Mongolia. The ethnic group makes up almost 4% of the total population and ranks second in size among the various ethnic groups living in Mongolia. The Kazakhs are located mainly in the Bayan-Ulegey aimak. They came to these lands in the 19th century from the regions of the Black Irtysh and the upper reaches of Bukhtarma. Despite the fact that the Kazakhs speak their native language, in culture and traditions they are very similar to the Mongols, which allows the Kazakhs to coexist harmoniously with the main ethnic group of the state.

There are also other groups of people living in the country. The Buryats, for example, occupied the northern region of the country. Representatives of the people have retained their ethnic identity, but the language is largely similar to the Khalkha language. Buryats make up 1.71% of the total population of the state.

An ethnic group similar to the Buryats in language and culture lives in the east of the country. The number of Barguts is only 2.3 thousand people. These people moved to Mongolian lands in 1947 from northeastern China.

Ethnic Russians migrated to the lands of Mongolia in the second half of the nineteenth century. About two and a half thousand people of Russian nationality live in the country today. The first Russians in Mongolia were Old Believers who fled their native country due to religious persecution.

Population of Mongolia

As of December 2015, the people of Mongolia are just over three million people. The annual increase in residents was 1.74%. Population dynamics indicate that the number of citizens is increasing from year to year. Mongolia's population density is 1.8 people per square kilometer.

Other demographic indicators of the country for 2016 are presented by the following data:

73.5 thousand people were born;
18.4 thousand deaths;
55 thousand people were natural increase;
3 thousand people accounted for the migration increase;
1.499 thousand men, 1.538 thousand women, which is approximately 1:1.

The distribution of citizens throughout Mongolia is heterogeneous. The average population density of Mongolia in 2017 is 1.8 people per square kilometer. The most densely populated areas are the capital of the state, where a third of the total population lives, the Khangai Mountains and the Orkhon Valley. There is a very low population density in the south of the country, significant desert and semi-desert areas are completely deserted.

Forecasts for 2017

Analysts predict that Mongolia's population will increase in 2017. Thus, the total number of citizens will be 3,090,183. For comparison, we can cite data from previous years for Mongolia. For example, the population in 2014 was 2.91 million people; over three years the figure increased by 0.09 million people.

A positive increase is predicted, which will amount to 56 thousand people. In 2017, approximately 74.7 thousand children will be born and 18.7 thousand people will die. If the level of migration remains the same as in 2016, then in 2017 the number of residents due to migration will change by 3.2 thousand people. Thus, the number of people leaving Mongolia will be greater than the number of visitors who are planning a long-term stay in the country.

Lifespan

Mongolia, whose population is approximately equally distributed by gender, does not have a high life expectancy. Men live on average up to 65 years, women - up to 69 years. At the age of 15-49 years, male mortality is almost three times higher than female mortality.

The main causes of mortality in Mongolia are injuries and alcoholism. In this regard, in 2014, a decree was issued on the creation of men's training groups, according to which all men must undergo a medical examination every year. Another serious problem in Mongolia, whose population is dying en masse from cancer, cardiovascular diseases and tuberculosis, is the insufficient level and inaccessibility of quality medical care in some areas.

Age distribution

As of January 2017, the country's population was represented by the following age groups:

27.3% - children under 15 years of age;
68.7% - working age population (from 15 to 64 years);
4% are people of retirement age (over 65 years old).

This distribution creates a low demographic burden on society (45.6%). The ratio of the number of children to citizens of working age is 39.8%, the pension burden (the ratio of the number of pensioners to the population from 15 to 64 years old) is 5.8%.

Population literacy

It is estimated that 2 million people over 15 years of age are or have received an education and can read and write. The population of the country of Mongolia is almost 99% educated. A total of 35.7 thousand people remain illiterate.

The literacy rate for men is 98.18%, for women - 98.58%. Youth literacy rate is 98.05%.

Customs and traditions

Hospitable and friendly Mongolia. The population of the region is so hospitable that each guest is greeted with a bowl of tea - this is a sign of respect for the owner. According to tradition, the guest must accept the bowl with both hands, which is a sign of gratitude to the host for his hospitality.

Tsagaan-Sar (New Year) - the most On this day, residents put on national clothes and go to visit relatives and friends. It is believed that the more feasting there is on the holiday, the better the home owners will live in the coming year.

As for wedding traditions, his parents are looking for a wife for their son. On the wedding day, the groom must build a yurt for his bride. On a holiday, the future husband must pick up the girl from her parents' house on horseback.