Lesson on the history of the world the second world war. Fifteen lessons from World War II. Number of participating countries
Preview:
MOBU SOSH s. Sukkulovo
Public lesson
in history in 9th grade
on the topic of:
"The Second World War.
1939 – 1945
Results and consequences."
Conducted by: history teacher M. Kh. Salikhov.
The purpose of the lesson:
To form in students an idea of the bloodiest war in the history of mankind, its participants, battles, results, and the cost of victory over fascism;
To foster feelings of pride and patriotism for the country and people.
Basic knowledge:
Causes of the war; strategic plans of the parties; the beginning of the war; German attack on the USSR; The Great Patriotic War; reasons for the defeat of the Red Army; USSR and allies, Big Three conferences; the defeat of militaristic Japan, the end of World War II; the price of victory; Soviet military leaders (G.K. Zhukov, K.K. Rokossovsky, A.M. Vasilevsky, I.S. Konev, I.D. Chernyakhovsky); results; consequences and lessons of war.
Basic concepts:coalition, surrender, blitzkrieg, UN.
Lesson equipment:maps “Great Patriotic War 1941-1945”, “World War II”.
Lesson type: lesson of generalization and systematization of knowledge.
Lesson epigraphs:
“No one is forgotten and nothing is forgotten”
(Marshal G.K. Zhukov)
Lesson plan:
I. Organizational moment.
III. Our region during the Second World War.
IV. Results and lessons of WWII and WWII. Conclusion on the topic of the lesson.
V. Homework.
During the classes:
I. Organizational moment.
War is a terrible and cruel historical phenomenon that leaves behind victims and destruction. 17th century - 3 million 300 thousand were killed in the war,
18th century - 5 million 200 thousand killed, 19th century - 5 million 500 thousand killed, 20th century - First World War, 10 million killed; The Second World War claimed 64 million human lives, 110 million were wounded and maimed, and 42 million became orphans.
Since World War II, wars have broken out on our planet more than 100 times. Of the 5,000 years of civilization, only 395 were peaceful; more than 4 billion human lives were lost in the flames of war. Today in class we will continue our conversation with you about one of the bloodiest wars of the 20th century - World War II. You must understand the historical significance of the victory and its cost, the results, consequences and lessons of the war. We need to remember historical figures who played a certain role during the war. Draw certain conclusions about the tragedy and crushing power of any war.
First, let's summarize and systematize your knowledge about the Second World War, obtained in the lessons of Russian history and world history.
II. Generalization and systematization of knowledge.
So, there were a number of reasons for the outbreak of World War II. And, first of all, by the beginning of the 30s. In the 20th century, states with different political systems emerged in the world, and aggressor countries emerged.
1.Remember what political regimes have been established in the world? In which states?
Answer: Democratic - England, USA, France;
Totalitarian - USSR, Germany, Italy.
2. Name the countries that have chosen an aggressive foreign policy.
Answer: Germany, Italy, Japan.
3. What was the foreign policy situation on the eve of World War II? What policy was pursued by Western states and the USSR to pacify the aggressor?
Answer: Western countries and the USSR conducted behind-the-scenes negotiations with Germany.
4. What did this lead to? What agreements were made?
5. Who took part in this conspiracy? What decisions were made?
Answer: Great Britain (N. Chamberlain), France (E. Daladier), Germany (A. Hitler), Italy (B. Mussolini). An agreement was signed on the dismemberment of Czechoslovakia.
6. Why did England and France collude with Germany?
Answer: in case of refusal, Hitler threatened war in Europe.
7. What did the Soviet-German negotiations lead to? What assessment can be given to the diplomacy of these countries?
Answer: On August 23, 1939, the Non-Aggression Pact and the Secret Protocols (on the division of spheres of influence in Europe) were signed. The victory of the diplomacy of Nazi Germany and the defeat of Anglo-French and Soviet diplomacy.
8. When did World War II start?
9. Clarify the scope of World War II.
Answer: duration - 2194 days, number of participating countries - 72, number of states on whose territory hostilities took place - 40, population of participating countries - 1700 million people, i.e. 80% of the world's population, the number of mobilized people is 110 million, the number of dead is more than 60 million.
10. The most significant stage in the Second World War is the Great Patriotic War. When did the Second World War start?
11. The scale of the Second World War.
Answer: duration - 1418 days, 27 million people died, 2.6 million became disabled, 1710 cities and towns were destroyed, 70 thousand villages were destroyed.
12. In the first days of the war, 28 Soviet divisions were completely defeated, 72 by more than half. German troops advanced 300-600 km. deep into Soviet territory. They captured Lithuania, Latvia, Belarus, Ukraine, and Moldova.
What reasons contributed to the defeat of the Red Army?
Answer:
- The military-economic potential of Germany, which subjugated almost all of Europe, significantly exceeded the capabilities of the USSR.
- Hitler's army was very powerful and had two years of experience in waging war in Europe. The Red Army was inferior in professionalism, especially among the command staff (which was influenced by mass repressions in the army on the eve of the war).
- Miscalculations of the Soviet leadership in defining military doctrine, in particular underestimating the role of mechanized formations, etc.
- Miscalculations by the country's leadership in analyzing the international situation on the eve of the war, as well as in determining the timing of the start of the war, which led to the factor of surprise.
13. Group work.
Give a name to the logical series.
I-row
A) “Barbarossa” - a plan for Germany’s lightning war against the USSR.
B) “Ost” - a plan for the physical extermination of the peoples of the USSR and Eastern Europe, declared “racially inferior.”
C) “Typhoon” - a plan for the attack of Hitler’s troops on Moscow.
D) “Citadel” - plan for the offensive of Nazi troops in the Kursk region.
D) “Bagration” - the Red Army’s operation to liberate Belarus.
II-row
Answer: plans for conducting military operations, conferences of the Big Three.
14. What is it?
- Typhoon plan
- "Barbarossa"
- "Ost"
- "Citadel"
- "Bagration"
15. When did it take place?
- Crimean conference.
- Yalta conference,
- Potsdam Conference.
16. List the leaders of the Big Three.
- England - W. Churchill
- USA - F. Roosevelt
- USSR - J.Stalin
17. Which conference was held with a renewed composition?
Answer: Potsdam, USA - Harry Truman, Great Britain - Clement Attlee.
18. As you know, personalities play a big role in history. Let's listen to brief encyclopedic information about the leaders of the Big Three. Student messages.
19. What issues were resolved at the conferences?
Answer: about the opening of a second front, Lend-Lease, the creation of the UN, and a post-war peace settlement.
20. List the main battles of the Second World War and WWII.
- Battle of Moscow - from September 30, 1941 to January 7, 1942
- Battle of Stalingrad - from November 19, 1942 to February 2, 1943
- Battle of Kursk - July 5-August 23, 1943
- Battle of the Dnieper – September – November 1943
- Berlin operation - April 20-May 8, 1945
21. When the act of unconditional surrender of Germany was signed.
22. When does our country celebrate Victory Day? When did the first Victory Parade take place?
23. When did WWII end?
24. What tragedy did the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki experience?
Answer: The US dropped nuclear bombs on them
III. Our region during the Second World War.
1. message on the topic “112th Bashkir Cavalry Division”.
2. Student’s message on the topic “Bashkiria during the Second World War.”
IV. Results and lessons of WWII and WWII.
The Second World War lasted 6 years, claimed the lives of more than 60 million people, and material damage was 12 times greater than the damage caused during the First World War.
The results of the war: victory over fascism, the growth of the authority of the USSR in the world, its transformation into a superpower on a par with the USA, the formation of a world system of socialism, the world became bipolar, an impetus was received for the development of the national liberation movement in the countries of Asia and Africa, the consequence of this was the final collapse of colonial empires, creation of the UN.
Conclusion: the main role in the defeat of fascism and in saving the whole world from the fascist “plague” was played by the Soviet Union.
V. Homework. Write abstracts on the topics:
"Our region during the Second World War"
“The Great Victory is one for all.”
VI. Summing up the lesson.
9a grade 11, October 16, 2017, level No. 12-13
Lesson topic: World War II.
The purpose of the lesson:
To form in students an idea of the turning point of the Second World War. Tell us about the main battles on the fronts of 1943-1945. Demonstrate clearly all the hardships of combat operations. Cover the activities of the anti-Hitler coalition.
To trace the contribution of the USSR to the victory over the Axis countries, thereby helping to instill in students a sense of pride and patriotism for the country and people.
Continue to develop students’ skills in retelling the text, highlighting the main points, and working with the text.
Basic concepts and terms: anti-Hitler coalition, radical change, “Second Front”, surrender.
During the classes:
1) Organizational moment.
2) Updating students’ knowledge on the topic:
So, there were a number of reasons for the outbreak of World War II. And, first of all, by the beginning of the 30s. In the 20th century, states with different political systems emerged in the world, and aggressor countries emerged.
1.Remember what political regimes have been established in the world? In which states?
Answer: Democratic - England, USA, France;
Totalitarian - USSR, Germany, Italy.
2. Name the countries that have chosen an aggressive foreign policy.
Answer: Germany, Italy, Japan.
3. What was the foreign policy situation on the eve of World War II? What policy was pursued by Western states and the USSR to pacify the aggressor?
Answer: Western countries and the USSR conducted behind-the-scenes negotiations with Germany.
4. What did this lead to? What agreements were made?
5. Who took part in this conspiracy? What decisions were made?
Answer: Great Britain (N. Chamberlain), France (E. Daladier), Germany (A. Hitler), Italy (B. Mussolini). An agreement was signed on the dismemberment of Czechoslovakia.
6. Why did England and France collude with Germany?
Answer: in case of refusal, Hitler threatened war in Europe.
7. What did the Soviet-German negotiations lead to? What assessment can be given to the diplomacy of these countries?
Answer: On August 23, 1939, the Non-Aggression Pact was signed. The victory of the diplomacy of Nazi Germany and the defeat of Anglo-French and Soviet diplomacy.
8. Does everyone agree with this opinion?
Answer: No. As a result of the winter war, the USSR discovered that the army was unprepared for combat operations and the destruction of command personnel as a result of the repressions of 1937, and the need for rearmament. It was these reasons that forced the USSR to move closer to Germany and sign a pact.
9. Was the issue of non-aggression only resolved by the pact signed by Germany and the USSR?
A secret additional protocol on the division of countries was attached to the treaty of Eastern Europe on the spheres of German and Soviet interests in the event of a “territorial and political reorganization” of these countries. This protocol provided for the possibility of including Latvia, Estonia, Eastern Poland, Finland and Bessarabia in the sphere of interests of the USSR.
10. When did World War II start?
11. The most significant stage in the Second World War is the Great Patriotic War. When did the Second World War start?
12. In the first days of the war, 28 Soviet divisions were completely defeated, 72 by more than half. German troops advanced 300-600 km. deep into Soviet territory. They captured Lithuania, Latvia, Belarus, Ukraine, and Moldova.
What reasons contributed to the defeat of the Red Army?
The military-economic potential of Germany, which subjugated almost all of Europe, significantly exceeded the capabilities of the USSR.
Hitler's army was very powerful and had two years of experience in waging war in Europe. The Red Army was inferior in professionalism, especially among the command staff (which was influenced by mass repressions in the army on the eve of the war).
Miscalculations of the Soviet leadership in defining military doctrine, in particular underestimating the role of mechanized formations, etc.
Miscalculations by the country's leadership in analyzing the international situation on the eve of the war, as well as in determining the timing of the start of the war, which led to the factor of surprise.
4)New topic:
1) Radical fracture
3) Anti-Hitler coalition
4) The final stage of the Second World War
6) results of the Second World War.
5)assessment of students.
The presentation of the text is accompanied by a presentation of “The Main Battles of World War II 1943-1945.”
1) Radical fracture
November 19 1942 Red Army goes on a counter-offensive under Stalingrad, as a result of which it is possible to encircle and defeat two German, two Romanian and one Italian armies.
IN July 1943, the German command is trying for the last time to regain the strategic initiative in Battle of Kursk, however, it ends in a serious defeat for the German troops. The retreat of German troops begins along the entire front line - they have to leave Eagle, Belgorod, Novorossiysk. Fights begin for Belarus And Ukraine. In the Battle of the Dnieper, the Red Army inflicts another defeat on Germany, liberating Left Bank Ukraine and Crimea.
2) Military operations in other theaters of war.
Question for students
In which theaters did the Allies primarily fight?
Answer: Pacific with Japan and North Africa with Germany and Italy
November 8 1942 in Morocco a large Anglo-American landing force lands, having overcome 900 km, enters Tunisia, where by this time the Germans had transferred part of their troops from Western Europe.
Meanwhile, the English army goes on the offensive in Libya. The Italo-German troops stationed here were unable to hold on to El Alamein and by February 1943, having suffered heavy losses, retreated to Tunisia. 20th of March combined Anglo-American troops go on the offensive deep into the territory Tunisia. The Italian-German command is trying to evacuate its troops to Italy, however by that time british navy fully owned Mediterranean and cuts off all escape routes. may 13 Italian-German troops capitulate.
July 10 1943 Allies disembark V Sicily. The Italian troops stationed here surrender almost without a fight, in September 1943 Anglo-American troops land in the south of the Apennine Peninsula. Badoglio signs a truce with them and announces Italy's withdrawal from the war. However, taking advantage of the confusion of the allies, Hitler liberates Mussolini, and a puppet state is created in the north of the country Republic of Salo.
Troops USA And Great Britain moving quite slowly north. At first 1944 they make three unsuccessful attempts to break through the enemy defenses on the river Garigliano and enter Rome. Only June 4 the allied armies succeed break through the defenses of the Italian capital, which was held by German troops.]
From August 1942 to February 1943, Japanese and American forces battle for control of the island Guadalcanal within the archipelago Solomon islands. In this battle of attrition, the United States. In November 1943 the allies manage to capture the Japanese island Tarawa.
3) Anti-Hitler coalition
Anti-Hitler coalition - a union of states and peoples who fought in World War II 1939-45 against Axis bloc: Germany, Italy, Japan and them satellites. The anti-Hitler coalition was not a formal association, and the contribution of its participants to the fight against fascism was extremely uneven: some participants carried out active military operations with Germany and its allies, others helped them with supplies of military products, and others participated in the war only nominally. Thus, military units of some countries - Poland, Czechoslovakia, especially Yugoslavia, as well as Australia, Belgium, India, Canada, New Zealand, the Philippines, Ethiopia and others - took part in hostilities. Individual states of the anti-Hitler coalition (for example, Mexico) helped its main participants mainly with supplies of military raw materials. The number of coalition participants increased during the war; By the time the war with Japan ended, 53 states of the world were at war with Germany and its allies.
The forerunner of the Anti-Hitler Coalition, the coalition " Western Allies» arose after the invasion Nazi Germany to Poland in 1939, when the allied agreements on mutual assistance associated with the latter and with each other entered the war Great Britain, France and some other countries.
Before the German attack in 1941, the USSR was not part of the Anti-Hitler coalition.
The broad Anti-Hitler coalition was formed first in spirit after government statements USA and Great Britain on support for the Soviet Union after the attack on it by Germany, and then on bilateral and multilateral documents as a result of lengthy negotiations between the governments of the three powers on mutual support and joint actions.
Question for students: Did the assistance of the Anti-Hitler Coalition of the USSR play a role?
Answer: Yes, the shortage of weapons and ammunition was made up for at the initial stage of the Great Patriotic War precisely with the help of the Anti-Hitler Coalition and the supply of weapons.
The most significant events during the coalition: Moscow meeting (1941), Atlantic Charter(August 1941), Washington Declaration Twenty-Six(Declaration of the United Nations, January 1942), Tehran Conference (1943), Bretton Woods Conference (1944), Yalta Conference(March 1945).
The assistance received by the Soviet Union from participation in the Anti-Hitler Coalition, in contrast to that for other countries, can be assessed by various sources as significant or insignificant - see. Lend-Lease.
The influence of the coalition on the military and post-war political situation is enormous; on its basis, the UN
4) The final stage of World War II.
June 6 1944 allied forces USA, Great Britain And Canada after two months of diversionary maneuvers, a major landing operation is carried out and landed in Normandy, thereby opening second front.
In August, troops were dropped in the south France, cities liberated Toulon And Marseilles. 25-th of August allies enter Paris, which by that time was almost completely controlled by French resistance units.
In September, the allied offensive into the territory begins Belgium. By the end 1944 The Germans are having great difficulty stabilizing the front line in the west. December 16 The Germans launch a counter-offensive in Ardennes, which comes as a complete surprise to the allies. The Germans manage to advance 100 km inland Belgium, however, by the end of January 1945 they stop, and then completely transfer troops to the Eastern Front, where the Soviet army begins the Vistula-Oder operation. Since February 1945, hostilities have been transferred to German territory. Germany by that time it began to transfer its main forces to defense Berlin, and therefore the Germans did not have serious defense in the west.
IN Italy The Allied advance progressed very slowly. Despite all their attempts, they failed in the end 1944 break through the front line and cross the river By.April 28 1945 Italian partisans capture and execute Mussolini. Northern Italy was completely cleared of the Germans only in May 1945.
Soviet offensive
Question for students: in what year did Finland leave the war?
Reply in 1944
In summer 1944 The Red Army begins its offensive along the entire front line. By the fall, almost all of the German troops had been cleared of Belarus, Ukraine, Baltics. Only in the west of Latvia was the surrounded group of German troops able to hold out until the end of the war.
As a result of the advance of Soviet troops in the north Finland announced its withdrawal from the war. However, German troops refuse to leave Finnish territory. As a result, former “brothers in arms” are forced to fight against each other. In August, as a result of the offensive of the Red Army, it leaves the war. Romania, in September - Bulgaria. The Germans begin evacuating troops from the territory Yugoslavia And Greece, where people's liberation movements take power into their own hands.
In February 1945 it was held Budapest operation, after which Germany's last European ally - Hungary- forced to capitulate. The offensive begins in Poland, The Red Army occupies East Prussia.
At the end of April 1945 begins battle of berlin. Realizing his complete defeat, Hitler And Goebbels committed suicide. May 8 After stubborn two-week battles for the German capital, the German command signs an act of unconditional surrender. Germany is divided into four occupation zones: Soviet, American, British and French.
May 14-15 in the northern Slovenia The last battle of World War II took place in Europe, during which People's Liberation Army of Yugoslavia defeated German troops and numerous collaborator forces.
Pacific Theater
On Pacific Ocean The fighting was also quite successful for the Allies. IN June 1944 Americans took possession Mariana Islands. In October In March 1945, stubborn battles began for the southern Japanese islands Iwo Jima And Okinawa.
After the end of the war in Europe, the last enemy of the countries of the anti-fascist coalition remained Japan. By that time, about 60 countries had declared war on Japan. However, despite the current situation, the Japanese were not going to capitulate and declared the war to be fought to a victorious end. In June 1945, the Japanese lost Indonesia, were forced to leave Indochina. 26 July In 1945, the USA, Great Britain and China presented an ultimatum to the Japanese, but it was rejected. August 6 on Hiroshima, and three days later on Nagasaki were reset atomic bombs, and as a result, two cities were almost wiped off the face of the earth. 8 August The USSR declared war on Japan, and on August 9 launched an offensive and within 2 weeks inflicted a crushing defeat on the Japanese Kwantung Army V Manchuria. On September 2, the act of unconditional surrender was signed. Japan. The largest war in human history has ended.
5) Results of the war
The Second World War had a huge impact on the destinies of mankind. 62 states (80% of the world's population) participated in it. Military operations took place on the territory of 40 states. 110 million people were mobilized into the armed forces. The total human losses reached 50-55 million people, of which 27 million people were killed at the fronts. The greatest human losses were suffered by the USSR, China, Germany, Japan and Poland.
Military spending and military losses totaled $4 trillion. Material costs reached 60-70% of the national income of the warring states. Industry only USSR, USA, Great Britain And Germany manufactured 652.7 thousand aircraft (combat and transport), 286.7 thousand tanks, self-propelled guns and armored vehicles, over 1 million artillery pieces, over 4.8 million machine guns (excluding Germany), 53 million rifles, carbines and machine guns and a huge amount of other weapons and equipment. The war was accompanied by colossal destruction, the destruction of tens of thousands of cities and villages, and innumerable disasters for tens of millions of people.
As a result of the war, the role of Western Europe in global politics. The USSR and the USA became the main powers in the world. Great Britain and France, despite the victory, were significantly weakened. The war showed the inability of them and other Western European countries to maintain huge colonial empires. The anti-colonial movement intensified in African and Asian countries. IN Eastern Europe occupied by Soviet troops, socialist regimes were established. One of the main results of World War II was the creation United Nations, based on the Anti-Fascist Coalition formed during the war, to prevent future world wars.
Fascist And Nazi ideologies were criminalized Nuremberg trials and are prohibited. In many Western countries, support for communist parties grew due to their active participation in the anti-fascist struggle during the war.
Europe capitalist) and eastern ( socialist Cold War.
Lesson summary:
So, today we looked at the turning point during the Second World War. We traced the contribution of the countries of the anti-fascist alliance to the victory over Germany and Japan, the main battles and treaties. However, the most amazing thing in the history of the war is that our country, being in catastrophic conditions in 1941, was able to stop the German troops and go on the offensive, liberating its cities from the invaders; under enemy fire, the soldiers achieved success, and the population provided the front with uniforms, provisions, and development in a timely manner. in the shortest possible time, a weapon whose analogues simply did not exist.
As they say, whoever comes to us with a sword will die by the sword.
Lesson reinforcement:
Today we looked at the turning point and end of World War II.
1. What event is considered the beginning of the turning point during the Second World War?
Germany's loss in the Battle of Kursk. However, many are inclined to believe that the foundation was laid in the Battle of Talingrad.
2. What assistance did the Anti-Hitler Coalition of the USSR provide?
The shortage of weapons and ammunition was compensated for at the initial stage of the Great Patriotic War precisely with the help of the Anti-Hitler Coalition and the supply of weapons.
3. What was the result of the war?
Division of Berlin between the USSR, Britain, USA, France. Europe was divided into two camps: Western ( capitalist) and eastern ( socialist). Relations between the two blocs deteriorated sharply just a couple of years after the end of the war. Started Cold War.
6) Student assessment
Homework:
§20. pp. 141-146. Compile a prospectus on “the main events of World War II”
The Second World War, which began on September 1, 1939, was the most terrible military conflict in human history. The initial stage of the war was tragic for European countries and successful for the Hitler coalition. In a short period of time, the German army defeated most European countries and their armies. The events of the initial stage of the war will be discussed in this lesson.
Subject:World War II 1939-1945
Lesson:World War II: fighting in 1939-1941
On September 1, 1939, Germany attacked Poland using a pre-determined war plan codenamed Weiss. This event is considered to be the beginning of World War II.
On September 3, England and France declared war on Germany, since they were bound by a mutual assistance treaty with Poland, but did not actually take any military action. Such actions went down in history as the “Strange War.” German troops, using the tactics of “blitzkrieg” - lightning war - already on September 16 broke through the Polish fortifications and reached Warsaw. On September 28, the capital of Poland fell.
On September 17, 1939, units of the Red Army, following secret additions to the Non-Aggression Pact with Germany on the division of spheres of influence in Eastern Europe, crossed the Soviet-Polish border and began the so-called. “Liberation campaign” to Western Belarus and Western Ukraine to protect the Belarusian and Ukrainian populations (Fig. 1).
Rice. 1. “The Red Army liberates Western Belarus and Western Ukraine” ()
After the conquest of its eastern neighbor, Hitler's Germany turned its gaze to the north and west. Bound to the USSR by a non-aggression treaty, it could not develop an offensive against Soviet lands. In April 1940, Germany captured Denmark and landed troops in Norway, annexing these countries to the Reich. After the defeat of British troops in Norway, Winston Churchill, a supporter of a decisive struggle against Germany, becomes Prime Minister of Great Britain.
Without fear for his rear, Hitler deploys his troops to the west, with the goal of conquering France (Fig. 2). Throughout the 1930s. On the eastern border of France, a fortified line was created - the Maginot Line, which the French considered impregnable. Believing that Hitler would attack head-on, it was here that the main forces of the French and the British who came to their aid were concentrated. To the north of the line were the independent Benelux countries. The German command, regardless of the sovereignty of the countries, delivers the main blow with its tank troops from the north, bypassing the Maginot Line, and simultaneously capturing Belgium, Holland (the Netherlands) and Luxembourg and goes to the rear of the French troops.
Rice. 2. The beginning of the war with France ()
In June 1940, German troops entered Paris. The government of Marshal Pétain was forced to sign a peace treaty with Hitler, according to which the entire north and west of France passed to Germany, and the French government itself was obliged to cooperate with Germany. It is noteworthy that the signing of peace took place in the same trailer in the Compiegne Forest in which Germany signed the peace treaty that ended the First World War. The French government, collaborating with Hitler, became a collaborationist, that is, voluntarily helping Germany. The national struggle was led by General Charles de Gaulle, who did not admit defeat and became the head of the created anti-fascist Free France committee.
1940 is noted in the history of the Second World War as the year of the most brutal bombing of English cities and industrial sites, called the “Battle of Britain.” Without sufficient naval forces to invade Great Britain, Germany decides on daily bombings that should turn English cities into ruins. The city of Coventry received the most severe damage, the name of which has become synonymous with merciless air attacks - bombing (Fig. 3).
In 1940, the United States began to help England with weapons and volunteers. The United States did not want Hitler to gain strength and gradually began to abandon their policy of “non-interference” in world affairs. In fact, only US assistance saved England from defeat.
Rice. 3. Bombing of English Coventry ()
Hitler's ally, the Italian dictator Mussolini, guided by his idea of restoring the Roman Empire, began military operations against Greece, but got bogged down in battles there. Germany, to which he turned for help, after a short time occupied all of Greece and the islands, annexing them to itself (Fig. 4).
In May 1941, Yugoslavia fell, which Hitler also decided to annex to his empire.
At the same time, starting in mid-1940, there was an increase in tension in relations between Germany and the USSR, which eventually resulted in a war between these countries.
Rice. 4. German troops on the Acropolis. Greece ()
Thus, by June 22, 1941, by the time Germany attacked the Soviet Union, Europe had been conquered by Hitler. The “policy of appeasement” has completely failed.
1. Aleksashkina L.N. General history. XX - early XXI centuries. - M.: Mnemosyne, 2011.
2. Zagladin N.V. General history. XX century Textbook for 11th grade. - M.: Russian Word, 2009.
3. Plenkov O.Yu., Andreevskaya T.P., Shevchenko S.V. General history. 11th grade / Ed. Myasnikova V.S. - M., 2011.
1. Read Chapter 12 pp. 126-130 of the textbook by Aleksashkina L.N. General history. XX - early XXI centuries and give answers to questions 1-3 on p. 139.
2. How can one explain such a rapid conquest of most European countries by the German army?
3. Explain why the so-called failed. “policy of appeasement”?
History lesson in 9th grade on the topic “The Beginning of World War II.”
The purpose of the lesson: understand that the reasons for the new Soviet-German rapprochement were, on the one hand, the obvious reluctance of Western countries to implement the Soviet idea of creating a collective security system, and on the other, an attempt to solve their geopolitical problems through an alliance with Germany - to expand the territory of the USSR to the size of the Russian Empire; show the depth of the danger hanging over our Motherland and its peoples in connection with the development of a plan for Germany’s attack on the USSR.
Tasks:
Educational : to find out the political and economic situation in the USSR on the eve of World War II, to show the reasons, conditions and significance of the conclusion of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, to find out the role of the Soviet Union and Germany in starting the war;
Developmental: to promote the development of the ability to work with the text of a textbook, a chronicle of events, historical documents, extract the necessary information, analyze, compare, draw conclusions, express one’s point of view.
Educational : to cultivate a sense of patriotism, rejection of totalitarian regimes, hard work, a conscientious attitude to one’s work, interest in the historical past, feelings of patriotism, one’s civic position in assessing the events of those years, empathy and pride for the generation of people of that time
Main content: 1. The balance of power in the world at the end of the 30s.
2. Soviet-German treaties of 1939 and secret protocols to them: calculations and miscalculations of Soviet diplomacy.
3. Was the USSR complicit in the Second World War? (Military actions of the USSR in Poland and the Baltic states, expansion of the “brotherly family” of the Soviet republics, the Soviet-Finnish war.)
4. Preparation of German aggression against the USSR.
5. “If there is war tomorrow...” (country’s defense capability by June 1941)
Basic concepts: secret protocols; plan “Barbarossa”; plan “Ost”; blitzkrieg.
Lesson equipment: documentation; table; maps “International situation and foreign policy of the USSR (1921 – 1941)”, “Strategic plan for the war of Nazi Germany against the USSR (Plan “Barbarossa”).
Form of training session: Review lecture with elements of laboratory work on documents.
Lesson type: non-traditional, using ICT
lesson on learning new material
Lesson type: problematic - search
Lesson plan: 1. Reasons for the new Soviet-German rapprochement. Soviet-German non-aggression pact of 1939
3. War with Finland.
During the classes.
Stage 1. Organizing time.
The lesson begins with an excerpt from the poem “Thank you, soldier, for the victory!” Yuri Yurkiy to the accompaniment of music.
Hitler successfully launched his blitz plan:
An evil force crawled around the world, multiplying
At the expense of the resources of the conquered countries...
It's all terrible, but it happened!
Dreaming of turning the whole world into slaves,
The Nazis made soap out of people,
They used them to heat stoves instead of firewood...
It's all terrible, but it happened!
The topic of our lesson is “ Beginning of World War II"
The purpose of the lesson: Describe the causes and beginning of World War II
Lesson objectives: today in the lesson we must
Find out the role of the Soviet Union and Germany in starting the war;
Strengthen the ability to work with documents;
Show the depth of the danger hanging over our Motherland
Checking homework. (Not carried out, as there was a general lesson the day before).
Our lesson plan:
1. Reasons for the new Soviet-German rapprochement. Soviet-German non-aggression pact of 1939
2. Expansion of the territory of the USSR.
3. War with Finland.
4. Preparation of Germany for an attack on the USSR.
5.Strengthening the country's defense capability
Stage 2. Learning new material.
1. Reasons for the new Soviet-German rapprochement. Soviet-German non-aggression pact of 1939
You can name the reasons for the Soviet-German rapprochement yourself. To do this, you must remember the lesson “International relations and foreign policy of the USSR in the 1930s.”
Student answers(students talk about the USSR’s attempt to create a collective security system)
The threat for the USSR to be left alone with German aggression led to the fact that the USSR accepted Germany's proposal to conclude a non-aggression treaty and interrupted negotiations with England and France, which began on August 12, 1939. in Moscow, convinced of their complete futility. Since representatives of the delegations of England and France received instructions to stall for time in order to prevent an agreement between the USSR and Germany. August 23, 1939 a Soviet-German non-aggression pact was signed for a period of 10 years and secret protocols delimiting the “spheres of influence” of these countries.
Working with document No. 1. Non-aggression pact.
Let's look at a fragment from this agreement and answer the questions:
2. Why did Hitler sign a treaty with the USSR?
3. What benefits did the USSR and Germany receive from the conclusion of this agreement?
4. What do you see as the pros and cons of this agreement?
Working with document No. 2. Secret additional protocol of August 23, 1939.(students read it)
Analyze and draw a conclusion
Benefits for each country from secret protocols ?
1) interests of the USSR
2) German interests
2. Expansion of the territory of the USSR.
At dawn on September 1, 1939, on the very day that Hitler chose on April 3 to launch Operation Weiss, the German army crossed the borders of Poland and moved towards Warsaw from the north, south and west.
German planes roared in the air, approaching their targets - columns of Polish troops, trains with ammunition, bridges, railways, unprotected cities. A few minutes later, the Poles - military and civilian - understood what death was like, suddenly falling from the sky. This had never happened before in the world, but over the next six years hundreds of millions of men, women and children in Europe and Asia experienced this feeling. The shadow of this horror, especially after the creation of the atomic bomb, will haunt humanity, reminding it of the threat of complete destruction.
Even the German soldiers, who saw who was attacking whom on the Polish border, were bombarded with Hitler's lies. On September 1, Hitler's grandiose proclamation addressed to the German army said:
“The Polish state abandoned the peaceful resolution of the conflict, as I proposed to do, and took up arms... Several border violations, which are intolerable for a great state, prove that Poland does not intend to respect the borders of the Reich.
To stop this madness, I have no other choice but to oppose force with force from now on.”
That day Hitler told the truth only once.
“I do not ask any German,” he said in the Reichstag, “to do more than what I have been preparing for all these four years... From now on, I am the first soldier of the German Reich. I again put on the uniform that was for me the road is sacred. I will not remove it until victory is won, for defeat for me is tantamount to death."
He kept his promise.
On September 3, 1939, England and France, in response to the invasion of Poland, declared war on Germany. But Poland's allies did not provide her with real help. German troops, without encountering serious resistance, quickly advanced deeper into the country. And already on September 28, 1939, the first campaign of World War II ended. Poland was completely occupied.
Thus began
Length of days
Number of participating countries
Number of neutral states
Number of states on whose territory military operations took place
Population of countries participating in the war
1700 million people
(80% of population)
Number of mobilized
110 million people
Death toll in the war
More than 60 million people
On September 17, Soviet troops entered Polish lands and returned the lands of Western Ukraine and Western Belarus.
In November, these territories became part of the Ukrainian SSR and BSSR. Accelerated industrialization and collectivization began on their territory.
In Brest, after the defeat of Poland, a joint parade of Soviet and German troops took place.
On September 28, 1939, a friendship and border treaty was signed between the USSR and Germany.
Working with a document 3.AGREEMENT OF FRIENDSHIP AND BORDER BETWEEN THE USSR AND GERMANY.
After the defeat of Poland, the USSR entered into agreements on “mutual assistance” with the Baltic countries. They envisaged the placement of naval and air force bases of the Red Army in the Baltic states. This created the conditions for the communists to come to power. In June 1940, the Soviet Union demanded the appointment of new governments with communist participation. This requirement was soon fulfilled.
“People's governments” turned to the Soviet Union with a request to join the USSR with the rights of union republics. In October 1940, the Supreme Soviet of the USSR adopted a corresponding decision. In June 1940, after the Soviet ultimatum, Romania returned Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina, seized in 1920. Thus, the western borders of the USSR were pushed back by 200-600 km.
Thus, almost all western provinces that had previously been part of the Russian Empire were returned, with the exception of Poland and Finland.
3. War with Finland. (Watching the film "World War II - Blitz"
The expansion of Soviet territory took place almost without armed conflicts. Relations with Finland developed differently.
The negotiations began in secret, which suited both sides. On April 14, 1938, Second Secretary Boris Yartsev arrived in Helsinki. The USSR government is confident that Germany is preparing a side attack through Finland. And guarantees from the Finns that they would not let the Germans pass through their territory were not enough. The USSR demanded a secret agreement: to participate in the defense of the Finnish coast, the construction of fortifications on the Åland Islands, and to receive military bases for the fleet and aviation on the island. Gogland. No territorial demands were made. Yartsev's proposal was rejected at the end of August 1938.
In October–November, Finland was invited to official negotiations in Moscow. On October 14, 1939, the Soviet side provided the Finns with a memorandum.
Ensuring the safety of Leningrad
Confidence that Finland will stand on the basis of friendly relations with the USSR.
Finland, feeling the secret support of Germany and the open support of England and France, rejected these proposals and declared general mobilization.
On November 26, 1939, the Finnish side of the Soviet border village north of Maynila was shelled.
4 Red Army soldiers were killed and 9 wounded. The Finns denied the fact of provocation on the part of their troops, and proposed a bilateral investigation.
On November 30, 1939, the USSR, under the pretext that its territory was under fire from Finland, began military operations against it. The calculation was made for a quick victory. However, the Soviet-Finnish war dragged on.
The Soviet Union found itself on the brink of conflict with England and France. The League of Nations recognized the USSR as an aggressor and expelled it from its membership. Germany also openly expressed Finland's sympathies.
USSR: Korel Isthmus with Vyborg, the northern coast of Ladoga, a Soviet naval base was created at the entrance to the Gulf of Finland on Hanko Island.
4. Preparing Germany and the USSR for war
Student presentation: Germany’s conquest of European countries.
Plan Barbarossa - student performance
Plan Ost – student performance
Stage 3. Consolidation of the material covered.
1. Name the main causes of World War II.
2. Which states were responsible for the outbreak of World War II?
3. Could the war have been prevented? Why?
Conclusion: Germany and the USSR are aggressor countries; both Germany and the USSR in 1939-1940. waged wars of conquest (only the USSR, of course, on a much smaller scale); In the summer of 1941, Germany and the USSR were preparing aggression against each other. A huge advantage was given to the one who deployed troops faster. The Wehrmacht turned out to be more efficient than the Red Army in this matter. From this position, it is easy to explain the fact that in the initial period of the war, Stalin was in deep depression: this is not surprising, because the greatest aggression broke out, as a result of which, perhaps (who knows?), All of Europe would have been under the control of the USSR.
Stage 4. Reflection and homework.
I want to end my lesson with the words of Dmitry Rumat
I don't dare talk about war
I don't dare talk about the war,
But I will say - there is a family memory,
God forbid we see in a dream
What you experienced!
History lesson in 9th grade on the topic “The Beginning of World War II”
Lesson steps
Teacher activities
Student activities
1. Organizational stage
The teacher welcomes students, announces the topic, goals and objectives of the lesson.
Students listen and write down the topic of the lesson in their notebooks.
Understand the goals and objectives of the lesson.
2. Stage of learning new material
3. Stage of consolidation of the material covered
4. Reflection
Theory sabak zhospary/Theoretical lesson plan
Disclaimer/ Date: 10/28/2015
Well: first
Maman/ Specialty: Farming
Qualification: Tractor driver for agricultural production
Pәn/ Subject: World History
Mugalim/ Teacher: Osmakova M.A.
Takyryp/ Lesson topic: World War II. Beginning of the war
1.Bilimdilik/ Educational: acquaint students with the beginning of World War II, determine the cause and course of the war until June 1941
2. Damushylyk/ Developmental: develop the ability to make a clear analysis of events and draw conclusions based on this. Improve learning skills using an interactive method
3.Tarbielik/ Educational: to instill in students respect for the historical past, patriotism
Sabaktyn type/ Lesson type: combined
Sabaktyn adisi/ Lesson methods: ICT technology; critical thinking techniques: “ZHU”, “Brainstorming”; active (independent work), interactive method (work in groups), assessment sheet.
Kural Zhabuyktar/ Lesson equipment: card for independent work of students in a group, “ZHU”, assessment sheet, textbook “World History” by A. Chupekov, LCD panel, Microsoft Office Power Point presentation, video clip “The Beginning of World War II”, maps of military operations, background notes
Sabak Әtaptary/Lesson stages:
I . kezen. Motivationalik-maksattyk/ Motivational-target: 5 minutes
Greetings. Checking the availability and readiness of students for the lesson.
Psychological mood for the lesson.
Formation of two groups, choice of speaker. Speakers fill out an evaluation sheet.
II . kezen. Tanymdyk/ Operational-cognitive: 60 minutes
Updating knowledge: "Brainstorm"
What impact did the global economic crisis have on the international situation?
crisis of 1929-1933?
Name the countries that have chosen an aggressive foreign policy.
Name the goals and actions of Japan and Germany on the eve of the Second World War.
- Who were the participants in the Munich agreement, the purpose of the agreement (date)?
- What is the essence of the Anglo-Franco-Soviet negotiations?
- Soviet-German negotiations, when they took place, were the result of negotiations.
- “+” and “-” of the conclusion of an agreement between the USSR and Germany?
Output on the topic:Now we will look at the drawings. You need to think about what our lesson topic will be today.(Slide No. 1,2 Relevance of the topic: 70th anniversary of the Victory).
Write down the topic in your notes. Pay attention to the epigraph (on the board).
“It’s not the military who start the war. Politicians start war" W. Westmoreland
Statement of the problematic question: Was there an alternative to war? (Slide No. 3)
At the end of the lesson, you must answer the problematic question..
Filling out the table:
I know, I want to know, I learned about the Second World War (group discussion, filling out a common card, the speaker voices the general decision), students fill out the first two columns at the beginning of the lesson (I know, I want to know)Slide No. 4
Introduction of new knowledge:
Students should try to independently determine the causes of the war based on the previous topic “International Relations between the 2 World Wars”. The answers are written down collectively on a card (1 task). They meet in a group and answer. Students' answers are checked for correct reasons. (Slide 5). Write it down in a notebook
Group work. Fill out the table and compare with the military-political blocs in World War I (Slide No. 6,7).
| Germany's opponents | Allies of Germany |
|
| World War I | ||
| World War II |
The answers are entered on the card (task 2).
Get to know the scale of World War II(Slide No. 8). Writing notes in a notebook.
Work in a notebook - we write down, remember, basic chronological data, they will be useful to you, when consolidating, we will compose questions and answer them ourselves.
(Slide No. 9).
So, we found out the causes of the war and even compared it with the First World War, tell me when, with what event did the Second World War begin?
Teacher's story about the beginning of World War II (German provocation, balance of forces, capture of Poland, military actions against Finland) Slide No. 10,11,13,14, 15
IN The history of the Second World War has the concept of a “strange war”. Independent work of students in groups with a textbook. Groups work with the topic “The situation on the Western Front” pp. 95-96, prepare 2 questions, one student speaks from each group. After the speech, asks the opposite group questions. The speaker gives grades to his group for their work on this task. The person who answers the question earns an extra point (task 3)Slide No. 16,17,18
Watch the video “The Beginning of World War II.” Discussion
III . kezen. Reflection-bagalau/ Reflective-evaluative: 15 min
Filling out the last column of the table: learned about the Second World War (discussion in a group, filling out a common card, the speaker voices the general decision
The answer to the problematic question posed at the beginning of the lesson (group discussion
the speaker announces the general decision). Slide No. 19
Summing up the lesson. Evaluation of students' work.
Homework: Write down notes from the handout in your notebook.Slide No. 20
"handout to students"
Comparative table of military-political blocs inI and inII World War
| Wars | Germany's opponents | Allies of Germany |
| World War I | ||
| World War II |
Scope of World War II
| Length of days | |
| Number of participating countries | |
| Number of neutral states | |
| Number of states on whose territory hostilities took place | |
| Population of countries participating in the war | 1700 million people (80% of the world's population) |
| Number of mobilized | 119 million people |
| Death toll in the war | More than 60 million |
| Death toll of USSR citizens | More than 27 million |
Periodization of the Second World War
| Main content of the period |
|
| First period | From the attack on Poland to the beginning of the Great Patriotic War |
| Second period | |
| Third period | A turning point during the war |
| The fourth period | The defeat of Nazi Germany, the end of the Great Patriotic War |
| Fifth period |
Historical calendar
November 30, 1939 - March 12, 1940 - Soviet-Finnish conflict - “Winter War”
June 10, 1940 - Italy declares war on Great Britain and France. Emergence of the African Theater of Operations
October 1940 - Italian attack on Greece
View document contents
"ZHU"
ZHU strategy
View document contents
"Evaluation paper"
Evaluation paper
| Student name | What grade would you like to receive? | Exercise | Lesson grade |
|||||||
| Brainstorm | Exercise 1. Participation in the discussion of the causes of World War 2 | Task 2. Comparison of World War 1 and World War 2 | Task 3 | Problematic question | Additionally | |||||
View document contents
"instruction card"
Card for independent work of students
Topic: World War II
Problematic question: Was there an alternative to war?
1 task. Fill the table.
| Causes of the war |
Task 2. Fill the table.
| Wars | Germany's opponents | Allies of Germany |
| World War I | ||
| World War II |
Lesson topic: World War II 1939-1945  Problem  Stage “Challenge” Strategy of PCF "Z" we know "X" we want to know "U" found out 
Causes of the War:  Germany's opponents Allies of Germany World War I World War II Fill out the table and compare with the military-political blocs in World War I Germany's opponents World War I Allies of Germany Entente (Russia, England, France) Italy, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria World War II Poland, France, Great Britain. In 1941, the USSR, USA, and China were drawn into the war. Further, Australia, Norway, Canada, Nepal, Yugoslavia, the Netherlands, Czechoslovakia, Greece, Belgium, New Zealand, Denmark, Luxembourg, Albania, the Union of South Africa, San Marino, and Turkey joined the coalition. The allies in the coalition were Guatemala, Peru, Costa Rica, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Brazil, Panama, Mexico, Argentina, Honduras, Chile, Paraguay, Cuba, Ecuador, Venezuela, Uruguay, Nicaragua, Haiti, El Salvador, Bolivia. They were also joined by Saudi Arabia, Ethiopia, Lebanon, Liberia, and Mongolia. During the war years, those states that had ceased to be allies of Germany joined the anti-Hitler coalition. These are Iran (since 1941), Iraq and Italy (since 1943), Bulgaria and Romania (since 1944), Finland and Hungary (since 1945). - Japan, Slovakia, Croatia, Iraq and Iran (before 1941), Finland, Bulgaria, Romania (before 1944), Italy (before 1943), Hungary (before 1945), Thailand (Siam), Manchukuo -Go.  Scope of World War II Length of days Number of participating countries Number of neutral states Number of states on whose territory hostilities took place Population of countries participating in the war 1700 million people Number of mobilized (80% of the world's population) 119 million people Death toll in the war More than 60 million Death toll of USSR citizens More than 27 million  Periodization of the Second World War Period and chronological framework First period Main content of the period From the attack on Poland to the start of the Second World War Second period Defensive battles of the Red Army, defeat of the Germans near Moscow, failure of the “blitzkrieg” plan Third period A turning point during the war The fourth period (November 1942 - December 1943) The defeat of Nazi Germany, the end of the Second World War Fifth period Surrender of Japan, end of the war   Without declaring war, Germany attacked Poland. -loss of sovereignty - government emigration to London  CAPTURE POLAND  RELATION OF POWER Germany Divisions – 65 Military infantry divisions – 36 Motorized tank divisions - 11 Motor brigades – 2 Cavalry brigades – 11 Military infantry divisions - 41 Tanks – 280 Light tanks – 82 Aircraft – 2000 Aircraft – 420 Warships - 100 Warships -12  Winter War 11/30/1939-03/12/1940 On November 30, 1939, the Soviet Union, unilaterally stopping negotiations on moving the Soviet-Finnish border, began military operations against Finland. The Soviet-Finnish war began. On March 12, 1940, a peace treaty was signed between the USSR and Finland, under the terms of which Finland ceded a number of areas to the Soviet Union. The Soviet-Finnish border was moved away from Leningrad, Murmansk and the Murmansk railway deep into the Finnish territories.   "Strange War" Confrontation of 115 divisions of France and England with 23 German ones. The French strengthened the Maginot Line In the spring of 1940 Hitler gave the order to implement plans to capture European countries    Was is there an alternative to World War II?  Homework: Write down notes from handouts in your notebook |
