A comma between parts of a complex sentence is an example. Punctuation marks in a complex sentence: rules, examples. Examples of compound sentences with open structure

1. Simple sentences that are part of a complex sentence (CCS), separated by commas.

Examples: The windows in all the buildings were brightly lit, and therefore it seemed very dark in the huge courtyard(Chekhov); It's hot outside, but the chickens are cold(Peskov).

2. Comma before single connecting and disjunctive conjunctions - and, yes (meaning “and”), or, or - not placed in the following cases:

A) common minor term:

Soon after sunrise a cloud rolled in and a short rain began to fall(Pushkin) (general minor member - circumstance of time shortly after sunrise, cf.: Soon after sunrise a cloud rolled in; Shortly after sunrise a short rain fell);

b) simple sentences within a complex sentence have general subordinate clause:

It was already quite dawn and people began to rise when I returned to my room.(L. Tolstoy) (subordinate tense when I returned to my room is common to both parts of a compound sentence, cf.: It was already quite dawn when I returned to my room; People began to rise when I returned to my room);

V) simple sentences of a complex sentence together explain the third sentence common to them, preceding them and connected with them by a non-union connection:

He felt unwell: his body was weak and there was a dull pain in his eyes(Kuprin) (parts of a compound sentence: The body was weak; There was a dull pain in the eyes- explain the meaning of the first simple sentence common to them, connected with them without a union: He felt unwell);

G) simple sentences within a complex sentence have general introductory word, introductory phrase or sentence:

According to hunters, the animal hatched in these forests and the bird disappeared(post source - according to hunters- the same for the entire statement, cf.: According to the hunters, the animal has hatched in these forests; According to hunters, the bird has disappeared);

d) interrogative sentences:

Will you come to me or should I come to you?

e) a compound sentence includes incentive offers:

Let the enemy approach and fire on command!(Furmanov);

and) a compound sentence includes exclamatory sentences:

How funny he is and how stupid his antics are!

h) a compound sentence includes one-part indefinite-personal sentences if the same producer of action is thought of:

The defendants were also taken out somewhere and were just brought back(L. Tolstoy);

And) A compound sentence includes impersonal sentences that have synonymous words in the predicates:

But in the absence of synonymous words, a comma between two impersonal sentences is placed before the conjunction:

Meanwhile, it was completely dawn, and it was necessary to go out to sea again(Kataev);

To) A complex sentence includes nominative sentences:

Frost and sun...(Pushkin).

3. Instead of a comma, simple sentences in a complex sentence can be separated by a semicolon. A semicolon is placed if the parts of a complex sentence are significantly common (often these are complex sentences of a mixed type - with composition, subordination and non-union connection) and have commas inside them. Semicolons are often used before conjunctions. but, however, on the other hand, yes and, less often before the conjunction a:

For six years the commission tinkered around the building; but the climate somehow interfered, or the material was already like that, but the government building just didn’t fit above the foundation (Gogol).

Before conjunctions and, yes (in the meaning of “and”), a semicolon is placed only when they connect two sentences that would otherwise be separated by a period:

Soon the whole garden, warmed by the sun, caressed, came to life, and drops of dew, like diamonds, sparkled on the leaves; and the old, long-neglected garden that morning seemed so young and elegant(Chekhov).

4. Instead of a comma, simple sentences in a complex sentence can be separated by a dash:

A dash is placed if the second part of a complex sentence contains an unexpected addition or sharp contrast:

Often in these cases, either only the first sentence, or both sentences are nominative:

Another pressure - and the enemy flees (Pushkin); Another year, two - and old age... (Ehrenburg).

Plan for parsing a complex sentence

1. Indicate the type of complex sentence (compound sentence).
2. Indicate how many parts a compound sentence consists of (highlight grammatical bases).
3. Indicate what conjunctions connect the parts of the complex sentence.
4. Construct a diagram of a complex sentence.

Sample parsing

Here in the room it was warm, and Annushka’s eyes were cheerful, and I suddenly liked this humble recluse and this room extraordinarily.(Tynyanov).

The sentence is complex; consists of three simple parts: Here in the room it was warm 1/, and Annushka’s eyes were cheerful 2/, and I suddenly liked this humble recluse and this room 3/. Grammar basics: 1) It was warm; 2) the eyes were cheerful; 3) I liked the recluse and the room. Means of communication - connecting unions and.

And, and.
conn.

conn.

What is a simple sentence? This is a sentence that has one grammatical basis. For example:
Today I will go to my grandmother.
There's a knock on the door.

What a beauty!

But even in a simple sentence, difficulties may arise when placing punctuation marks. For example, sometimes a dash is placed between the subject and the predicate. When?

• When the subject and predicate are expressed:: two nouns
• The book is a source of knowledge: two numerals
• Five eight is forty: two infinitives
• To live - to serve the Motherland: noun and infinitive

An excellent position is to be human.

• We do not put a dash between the subject and the predicate when they are expressed: personal pronoun and noun:
• He's a skeptic. any parts of speech, but the predicate has the negation of not or the words as, exactly, as if:

Poverty is not a vice. Pond like steel.

Sometimes a simple sentence can become complicated. Then it is called a simple complex sentence.

A sentence can be complicated by homogeneous clauses. Any members of a sentence can be homogeneous - both main and secondary.

• In what cases do we put commas between homogeneous members of a sentence? between two or more homogeneous members without unions: Sounds
• grew, strengthened, expanded. between homogeneous members with repeating conjunctions : and - and, neither - nor, yes - yes, or - or, either - either, then - that, not that - not that
• Both the shore and the sea were silent. It's either north or east. between homogeneous members with unions a, but, yes (= but):

He grumbled, but agreed. In no case We we don't put it

• a comma between homogeneous members of a sentence in the following cases: between homogeneous members with one union : and, or, either, yes (= and)
• Red and blue flowers. Him or me - I don't care. within a group of homogeneous members connected in pairs:
• We collected herbs and berries, mushrooms and nuts. in phraseological units:

and this and that, neither this nor that, neither light nor dawn, and this way and that, and here and there, neither fish nor meat, neither alive nor dead.

Plug-in constructions with the meaning of additional comments and explanations are highlighted with brackets or dashes. We can exclude such constructions from the sentence without changing the main meaning of the sentence.

For example:
Linda - that was the name of our station - was located 60 km from the city. Nadya went upstairs, where she lived with her mother (her grandmother occupied the ground floor).

Introductory words and sentences are separated by commas: Everyone is probably asleep. The shore, as I said, was low. Fortunately, he didn't crash.

A simple proposal can be complicated by appeal. Appeal Always separated by commas:

My old lady, why did you fall silent at the window?
Why are you, my old lady, silent at the window?
Why were you silent at the window, my old lady?

Sometimes the address may be preceded by the particle "o". It is separated from the inversion by a comma only if it can be replaced by an interjection (ah or oh). For example:
Oh (=ah!), memory of the heart, you are stronger than the mind of the sad memory!

Sometimes an insidious conjunction arises in a simple sentence "How", which may or may not be preceded by a comma depending on the context.

A comma is placed before the conjunction “how”:

• with comparative turnover: Her eyes sparkled, green as gooseberries.
• with an introductory phrase (sentence) as usual, as always, as a rule : On the way, as always, we stopped at a cafe.
• when applied with a causal meaning: Russia’s heart will not forget you, like its first love!
• if the sentence contains correlative words so, so, that, so: The Lyceum gave Russia such people as Pushkin, Pushchin, Delvig.
• if after the word properly And : Trees, like people, have their own destiny.
• if the word how is part of the expressions none other than; nothing more than : It was none other than Rylov.

A comma is NOT placed before the conjunction “as”:

• if there is a negative particle before the comparative phrase Not or word completely, completely, almost, sort of, directly, exactly, exactly, etc. : The newspaper did not come out as usual. He's just like a child.
• if the phrase can be replaced with “as”: Lensky was accepted everywhere as a groom (=as a groom). The issue of ecology arises as the main issue of today (as the main issue of today).
• if the phrase is a phraseological unit: white as snow, feared like fire, naked like a falcon, clearly visible.
• with double union of both... and... : This topic is touched upon in both poetry and prose.
• if we can replace the phrase with a noun in the instrumental case: He flew like a bird. (= He flew like a bird.) The dreams disappeared like smoke. (= Dreams went up in smoke.)

Punctuation marks in a complex sentence

A complex sentence is a sentence that contains two or more grammatical stems. Types of complex sentences can be represented in the following diagram:

Complex sentences:

1.Allied
2.Non-Union. I am sitting in my garden, the lamp is burning.
3.With different types of communication.Thunder struck, lightning flashed, and soon the sound of rain was heard.

Compound. The desert listens to God, and star speaks to star.

Complex subordinates. I know that I don't know anything.

Let's sort it out in order.

Co complex The proposals are quite simple:

A comma is placed between simple sentences that are part of a complex sentence: Morning came and everyone went home.

A comma is not placed if the sentences connected by conjunctions have a common secondary member, introductory word, comparative phrase or common subordinate clause: From the window you can see the Volga and the stars sparkle high(general term – “out of the window”).

Complex sentences

We put a comma:

• between simple sentences that are part of a complex one: We set off as the sun rose. Tell us where you are staying. To prevent the child from getting wet, he was wrapped in a cloak.
• when using compound conjunctions because, because, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, instead of, while, after, since, in order to, in order to . Depending on the meaning, a comma is placed either before or inside conjunctions: He didn't come to school because he was sick. We only left because it got dark.
• Between homogeneous subordinate clauses, punctuation marks are placed in the same way as between homogeneous members of a sentence: It was obvious that he was right and that I was entirely to blame.

Don't put a comma:

• between adjacent unions what if, what although , if further there is a second part of the union That or So : He said that if the weather did not improve, then we should forget about fishing.
• if there is a negation before the conjunction (conjunctive word) Not : He began to find out not what happened, but who did it.
• if the subordinate part is one conjunctive word: He promised to return, but did not say when.
• before a subordinating conjunction if it is preceded by words in particular, that is, namely, especially : He became better, especially when he learned about what had happened.
• before steady speed as you like, wherever it goes, at any cost, as much as you like, unknown where, as if nothing had happened, etc.

IN non-union complex sentences there is always some punctuation mark. It is important to understand which one. Let's figure it out!

We put a comma

• between simple sentences that are part of a complex one, if they are short and related: Clouds piled up, lightning flashed, and it rained.

We put a colon:

• the second sentence indicates the reason for what is said in the first (in meaning, a conjunction can be inserted between them because ): Love a book: (=because) it will help you sort out the confusion of life.
• the second sentence reveals the content of the first (in terms of meaning, you can insert the words between them namely ): The picture changed: (=namely) the snow had melted, the damp earth was smoking, grass was breaking through.
• the second sentence complements the first (in meaning a subordinating conjunction can be inserted between them What : "I feel that..."): Suddenly I feel (=that) someone is pulling me to the side.
• The second sentence expresses a direct question: Tell me, branch of Palestine: where did you grow, where did you bloom?

We put a dash:

• with a rapid change of events, an unexpected result: I woke up and he was no longer there. The cheese fell out - such was the trick with it.
• when contrasted (in meaning, a subordinating conjunction can be inserted between the parts ah, but ): Sasha is stupid - (=a) Petya is smart.
• if the first sentence expresses the time or condition of the action (in meaning, conjunctions can be placed before the first sentence when, if ): (When) the forest is cut down, the chips fly.
• when comparing (meaningfully, you can insert conjunctions between the parts as if): Says a word - (= as if) a nightingale is singing.
• if the second sentence represents a result or conclusion (in meaning, you can insert the word between the parts That's why ): The smoky sun is rising - (=therefore) it will be a hot day.

Complex sentence with different types of communication is a combination of complex sentences already known to us. Therefore, it is important to determine by what connection the parts of the sentence are coordinated. We put punctuation marks based on this. The most questions arise when coordinating and subordinating conjunctions are next to each other. When should they be separated by a comma? It's simple here:

Compare:
You can call me, but if you don't call today, we'll leave tomorrow.
You can call me, but if you don’t call today, we’ll leave tomorrow.

Let's sum it up

First we need to determine whether the sentence is simple or complex. To do this, we count the number of grammatical stems.
If the sentence is simple, pay attention to the subject and predicate - are they the ones that need to be put with a dash between them?
Is this simple sentence complicated? Does it contain homogeneous parts of the sentence, introductory words or constructions, addresses, the conjunction “how”?
If the sentence is complex, we need to determine the type of coordinating connection.
Coordinating conjunctions: and, ah, but, yes . It’s simple here - if they are there, it means the sentence is complex. If parts of a complex sentence do not have a common member, feel free to put a comma.
If we don’t see coordinating conjunctions, but see some others, most likely the sentence is complex. We check whether we have separated any allied words with an extra comma.
If we don’t see any connecting words, but the sentence is complex, then it is non-conjunctive. Our task is to determine which character separates the parts of a non-union complex sentence: a comma, a dash or a colon.
If in a sentence we see both conjunctions (or allied words), both coordinating and subordinating ones, and a non-union connection, we focus on each type of connection separately. We pay special attention to the presence of conjunctions in the second part then, yes, but .

A complex sentence is a sentence that has two grammatical stems. First, we will look at punctuation marks in complex sentences, and then in complex and non-union sentences. Punctuation marks in complex sentences A compound sentence is a complex sentence in which all parts are equal and are connected by coordinating conjunctions (AND, YES (meaning “and”), AND... AND, NEITHER... NOR, ALSO, ALSO, BUT, A, YES ( in the meaning of “but”), HOWEVER, THEN, THE SAME, OR, EITHER, etc.). A comma is placed between these parts. Examples: Masha told her grandmother everything, and I had to look for an excuse. I was going to go for a walk, but it started to rain outside. But if in a complex sentence there is a minor member that refers to both one part of the sentence and the other, a comma is not used. Example: Suddenly the wind blew and the crows cawed. Punctuation marks in complex sentences A complex sentence is a complex sentence in which one part depends on the other and is connected by subordinating conjunctions (WHAT, WHERE, WHEN, HOW MUCH, HOW, SINCE, BECAUSE, FOR, AS, SO THAT, SO THAT, IF, ALTHOUGH ( AT LEAST), AS FELL, etc.) and allied words (WHICH, WHICH, WHEN, WHAT, WHERE, WHEN, WHO (WHERE) WHETHER, HOW, HOW MUCH, etc.). A comma is placed between parts of the sentence. Examples: In every person's life there is a moment that is never forgotten. I invited you to tell you some very unpleasant news. I stopped because I didn't see anything. Punctuation marks in a non-union sentence A non-conjunction sentence is a complex sentence in which the conjunctions are replaced by punctuation marks. The name speaks for itself. 1) Comma. A comma is placed between the parts of a non-union complex sentence if it simply lists some facts. In this case, you can easily insert the conjunction I after the comma. Example: It was just getting dark, I told the Cossack to heat the kettle in a camp manner (According to Lermontov). 2) Semicolon. Between the parts of a non-union complex sentence, which lists some facts, a semicolon can be placed if the parts of the sentence are very common (contain homogeneous members, participial or adverbial phrases, clarifications, etc.). Example: His head hurt; he stood up, turned around in his closet and fell back onto the sofa (Dostoevsky). 3) Colon. There are three cases when a colon must be placed between parts of a complex non-union sentence: a) if the second part indicates the reason for what is described in the first part. You can insert the conjunction BECAUSE into this sentence. Example: In developed countries, the middle class decides the outcome of elections: it constitutes the majority of the population. b) if after the first part there is an explanation of what is discussed in the first part. In these sentences, you can insert the conjunction NAMELY between the parts. Example: Write a work plan: what needs to be purchased and prepared, where to start, in what time frame the project can be completed c) if the second part has the meaning of a complement, and the conjunction WHAT can be inserted before it. Example: Yes, I wanted to report yesterday: the harrows need to be repaired (Tolstoy). 4) Dash. A dash between parts of a complex non-union sentence is placed under one of four conditions: a) if the complex sentence has the meaning of opposition and the conjunction A or BUT can be inserted between the parts. Example: I looked around several times - there was no one there (Tolstoy). b) if the first sentence contains the meaning of time or condition and the conjunction WHEN or IF can be inserted before it. Example: The authorities want us to obey (Gogol). c) if the second part of the sentence indicates a consequence of what is described in the first part and the conjunction SO THAT can be inserted before it. Example: If you call yourself a milk mushroom, get into the back (proverb). d) in rare cases, a dash is also used to indicate a rapid change of events. Example: The cheese fell out - there was a trick with it (Krylov). _ _ _ That's all. I hope I wrote this article for a reason. At least she should help someone. If I forgot something, write in the comments. I’ll add it later.) Good luck to you, readers.)

I have already told you about three rules for placing commas. Today I will remind you about other punctuation rules. Maybe someone will learn something new for themselves!

So, where and when is a comma placed?

4. A comma is always placed before conjunctions a, but, then, yes (meaning “but”)

We always put a comma before conjunctions a, but, but, yes (meaning “but”)

5. Commas separate homogeneous members of a sentence

Homogeneous members of the sentence answer the same question, refer to one member of the sentence and perform the same syntactic function. Between themselves connected by a coordinating or non-conjunctive syntactic connection.

Comma between homogeneous members of a sentence

Homogeneous members of the sentence characterize an object on one side.

Red, yellow, blue flowers decorated the meadow (color).

Bloomed in the front garden big red ones tulips (large - size, red - color). This heterogeneous members of a sentence, you cannot put the conjunction “and” between them, so we don’t put a comma.

♦ No comma in integral phraseological combinations with repeated conjunctions and... and, neither... nor(they connect words with opposing meanings): day and night, old and young, laughter and grief, here and there, this and that, here and there...

♦ No comma with paired combinations of words, when there is no third option: both husband and wife, and earth and sky.

Love is when you want to sing day and night. No fee or manager.
Frank Sinatra

6. A comma separates two or more simple sentences within one complex sentence.

These suggestions could be:

A) Non-union.

Hatred does not solve any problems, it only creates them.
Frank Sinatra

Here are two sentences: 1. Hate does not solve any problems. 2. She only creates them.

B) Compound (sentences with coordinating conjunctions a, but, and...).

The more unusual something is, the simpler it appears, and only the wise can understand its meaning.
Paulo Coelho "The Alchemist"

Here are two sentences connected by the conjunction “and”: 1. The more unusual something is, the simpler it looks. 2. Only the wise can understand its meaning.

To avoid mistakes in punctuation, always try to break down complex sentences into simple ones.

Important! A comma is not used if the sentences have a common member or a common subordinate clause.

By nightfall the rain stopped and it became quieter.

By nightfall the rain stopped.

By night it became quieter.

By nightfall - a common member.

7. A comma separates the main and subordinate clauses in complex sentences.

The subordinate clause is added to the main clause:

Subordinating conjunctions(what, in order, as, as if, since, because, than that...):

Comma between allied words

Union words(who, which, whose, how many, where, when, why...). Conjunctive words are members of subordinate clauses (including may be the subject):

If the subordinate clause is inside the main clause, then it is separated by commas on both sides.

Life doesn’t always give you a second try; it’s better to accept the gifts it gives you.
Paulo Coelho "Eleven Minutes"

8. Comma for complex subordinating conjunctions

A. The comma is placed once if there are conjunctions: thanks to; due to the fact that; due to the fact that; due to the fact that; because of; because; instead of; in order to; so as to; while; after; before as; since; just like others.

B. However depending on the meaning, a complex union can be divided into two parts: the first is part of the main sentence, and the second serves as a conjunction. In these cases, a comma is placed only before the second part of the combination.

Comma for complex subordinating conjunctions

IN. The comma is not used in irreducible combinations: do it properly (as it should, as it should), do it as it should (as it should, as it should), grab whatever comes along, appear as if nothing had happened, etc.

These are general rules for placing commas in sentences with subordinating conjunctions, but there are particulars that require special attention (the conjunction “despite the fact that”, two conjunctions in a row, etc.).

9. Participial and adverbial phrases, adjectives with dependent words and applications are highlighted with a comma

A comma is placed between participial phrases

Sometimes commas highlight not only participial phrases and adjectives with dependent words, but also single participles and adjectives.

Only small children, street children, are without supervision.
Ilya Ilf, Evgeny Petrov “Twelve Chairs”

Participles and adverbial phrases are set off with a comma

Participles are separated by commas

♦ If the participial phrase has turned into a stable expression (phraseologism), no commas are used.

He said with his hand on his heart. He ran headlong. He worked carelessly (rolling up his sleeves).

Not separated by commas and gerunds that turned into adverbs (joking, lying down, silently, reluctantly, slowly, standing, etc.).

He got up reluctantly; walked slowly; I read while lying down.

10. Comparative phrases are highlighted with a comma

They are joined by conjunctions: as, as if, exactly, as if, as if, that, rather than, etc.

Comparative phrases are highlighted with a comma

Punctuation marks in a complex sentence

A complex sentence is a sentence that contains two or more grammatical stems. Types of complex sentences can be represented in the following diagram:

Complex sentences:

1.Allied
2.Non-Union. I am sitting in my garden, the lamp is burning.
3.With different types of communication.Thunder struck, lightning flashed, and soon the sound of rain was heard.

Compound. The desert listens to God, and star speaks to star.

Complex subordinates. I know that I don't know anything.

Let's sort it out in order.

Co complex The proposals are quite simple:

A comma is placed between simple sentences that are part of a complex sentence: Morning came and everyone went home.

A comma is not placed if the sentences connected by conjunctions have a common secondary member, introductory word, comparative phrase or common subordinate clause: From the window you can see the Volga and the stars sparkle high(general term – “out of the window”).

Complex sentences

We put a comma:

• between simple sentences that are part of a complex one: We set off as the sun rose. Tell us where you are staying. To prevent the child from getting wet, he was wrapped in a cloak.
• when using compound conjunctions because, because, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, instead of, while, after, since, in order to, in order to . Depending on the meaning, a comma is placed either before or inside conjunctions: He didn't come to school because he was sick. We only left because it got dark.
• Between homogeneous subordinate clauses, punctuation marks are placed in the same way as between homogeneous members of a sentence: It was obvious that he was right and that I was entirely to blame.

Don't put a comma:

• between adjacent unions what if, what although , if further there is a second part of the union That or So : He said that if the weather did not improve, then we should forget about fishing.
• if there is a negation before the conjunction (conjunctive word) Not : He began to find out not what happened, but who did it.
• if the subordinate part is one conjunctive word: He promised to return, but did not say when.
• before a subordinating conjunction if it is preceded by words in particular, that is, namely, especially : He became better, especially when he learned about what had happened.
• before steady speed as you like, wherever it goes, at any cost, as much as you like, unknown where, as if nothing had happened, etc.

IN non-union complex sentences there is always some punctuation mark. It is important to understand which one. Let's figure it out!

We put a comma

• between simple sentences that are part of a complex one, if they are short and related: Clouds piled up, lightning flashed, and it rained.

We put a colon:

• the second sentence indicates the reason for what is said in the first (in meaning, a conjunction can be inserted between them because ): Love a book: (=because) it will help you sort out the confusion of life.
• the second sentence reveals the content of the first (in terms of meaning, you can insert words between them, namely ): The picture changed: (=namely) the snow had melted, the damp earth was smoking, grass was breaking through.
• the second sentence complements the first (in meaning a subordinating conjunction can be inserted between them What : "I feel that..."): Suddenly I feel (=that) someone is pulling me to the side.
• The second sentence expresses a direct question: Tell me, branch of Palestine: where did you grow, where did you bloom?

We put a dash:

• with a rapid change of events, an unexpected result: I woke up and he was no longer there. The cheese fell out - such was the trick with it.
• when contrasted (in meaning, a subordinating conjunction can be inserted between the parts ah, but ): Sasha is stupid - (=a) Petya is smart.
• if the first sentence expresses the time or condition of the action (in meaning, conjunctions can be placed before the first sentence when, if ): (When) the forest is cut down, the chips fly.
• when comparing (meaningfully, you can insert conjunctions between the parts as if): Says a word - (= as if) a nightingale is singing.
• if the second sentence represents a result or conclusion (in meaning, you can insert the word between the parts That's why ): The smoky sun is rising - (=therefore) it will be a hot day.

Complex sentence with different types of communication is a combination of complex sentences already known to us. Therefore, it is important to determine by what connection the parts of the sentence are coordinated. We put punctuation marks based on this. The most questions arise when coordinating and subordinating conjunctions are next to each other. When should they be separated by a comma? It's simple here:

Compare:
You can call me, but if you don't call today, we'll leave tomorrow.
You can call me, but if you don’t call today, we’ll leave tomorrow.

Let's sum it up

First we need to determine whether the sentence is simple or complex. To do this, we count the number of grammatical stems.
If the sentence is simple, pay attention to the subject and predicate - are they the ones that need to be put with a dash between them?
Is this simple sentence complicated? Does it contain homogeneous parts of the sentence, introductory words or constructions, addresses, the conjunction “how”?
If the sentence is complex, we need to determine the type of coordinating connection.
Coordinating conjunctions: and, ah, but, yes . It’s simple here - if they are there, it means the sentence is complex. If parts of a complex sentence do not have a common member, feel free to put a comma.
If we don’t see coordinating conjunctions, but see some others, most likely the sentence is complex. We check whether we have separated any allied words with an extra comma.
If we don’t see any connecting words, but the sentence is complex, then it is non-conjunctive. Our task is to determine which character separates the parts of a non-union complex sentence: a comma, a dash or a colon.
If in a sentence we see both conjunctions (or allied words), both coordinating and subordinating ones, and a non-union connection, we focus on each type of connection separately. We pay special attention to the presence of conjunctions in the second part then, yes, but .