Event dedicated to Cosmonautics Day. School-wide event for Cosmonautics Day. Scenario Emotional release “Rocket launch”
Previously, a long time ago, when people were just beginning to recognize the Earth, they imagined it as an inverted bowl, which rests on three giant elephants, standing importantly on the shell of a huge turtle. This miracle turtle swims in the sea-ocean, and the whole world is covered with a crystal dome of the sky with many sparkling stars
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Extracurricular event dedicated to Cosmonautics Day.
Prepared and conducted by a primary school teacher at MBOU “Secondary School No. 12”
city of Almetyevsk RT
“Humanity will not remain forever on Earth, but in pursuit of light and space, it will first timidly penetrate beyond the atmosphere, and then conquer the entire circumsolar space.”
K.E. Tsiolkovsky
Presenter 1. Hello dear guys! Who can guess what our holiday will be dedicated to? Maybe someone can tell me what holiday is celebrated on April 12?
(Children's answer: Cosmonautics Day)
That's right, Cosmonautics Day.
(Slide)
Presenter 2. Since ancient times, the mysterious world of planets and stars has attracted the attention of people, attracting them with its mystery and beauty.
Presenter 1. Previously, a long time ago, when people were just beginning to recognize the Earth, they imagined it as an inverted bowl, which rests on three giant elephants, standing importantly on the shell of a huge turtle. This miracle turtle swims in the sea-ocean, and the whole world is covered with a crystal dome of the sky with many sparkling stars.
Presenter 2. Several thousand years have passed since then. Many generations of kind and smart people have grown up on our Earth. They built ships and, having traveled around the world, learned that the Earth is a ball. And astronomers have proven that the Earth flies in space, revolving around the Sun, making one revolution around its axis per year.
Song "Hope"
(slide)
Student.
When we grow up, we will fly into space.
Well, for now we want to tell
About those skillful and brave people,
That they conquered space.
Very important
Don't forget their names -
All astronauts and scientists.
Which necessary laws were discovered
And they paved the way for us into space.
In Kaluga near Moscow
The teacher lived alone, simple
All my life I dreamed about space,
He studied the necessary sciences himself,
Did a great job
And began to create a theory
Space flights.
He was a genius, and even today
We must remember Tsiolkovsky.
Presenter 1. The first Soviet liquid-fuel rocket was launched on August 17, 1933 and stayed in the air for... 18 seconds.
But who built the first rocket, do you know about this? Designer, academician Korolev. The first satellite was ready for flight. In the last century, the year fifty-seven, He flew thanks to the work of Designers, rocket scientists, and workers.
(slide)
Sergei Pavlovich Korolev (1907-1966) - scientist, under whose leadership the first ballistic and geophysical rockets, artificial Earth satellites and manned spacecraft were created. On October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite into orbit.
(slide)
Presenter 2. The mysterious world of stars and planets has attracted the attention of people since ancient times. People have long dreamed of exploring outer space. They thought for a long time about building a spaceship to fly above the stars. People dreamed of knowing the sky, and not just setting altitude records.
Presenter 1 And so they created spaceships and flew into space. But before the famous cosmonaut Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin flew (display of a painting depicting Yuri Gagarin), guinea pigs, monkeys, parrots, mice, rabbits flew into space - they all honestly served the great dream. And on November 3, 1957, in the lifeless, cold, always black space of space, a living heart beat. In the pressurized cabin of the satellite, the dog Laika lived, breathed, and flew over the world.
Other dogs flew after Laika. Maybe some of you know these two famous dogs? ……..
Following Laika, on August 20, 1960, two dogs flew into space at once: Belka and Strelka (slide photo of Belka and Strelka)
(,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,)
Presenter 2. Let's fast forward 51 years ago. A message is being broadcast on the radio, people all over the country have gathered at their radios: “Moscow is speaking! All radio stations of the Soviet Union are working! Moscow time is 10 hours 2 minutes. We are transmitting a TASS message about the world’s first manned flight into outer space.
On April 12, 1961, the world's first spacecraft-satellite Vostok with a person on board was launched into orbit around the Earth in the Soviet Union.
(Levitan's speech - listening)
The pilot-cosmonaut of the Vostok spacecraft is a citizen of the Soviet Union, pilot Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin.
(Slide)
Student.
Dawn. We didn't know anything yet.
The usual "Latest News".
And he flies through the constellation.
The earth will wake up with his name.
“My native country is wide”...
The familiar voice of the first call signs.
We started our reports with them.
And it’s not for nothing that I remember this.
Without asking anyone for help,
Having risen from the ashes and from the dust,
My country, which knows no fear,
Now he is sending his son into space.
The song "Do you know what kind of guy he was?"
Presenter 1. The world held its breath. The world listened to the voice of a man flying over oceans and countries, and people in these countries repeated: “Gagarin”, “Yuri”, “Russia”. The earth recognized a simple, charming man who paved the way to the stars.
(slide)
Ah, this day is the twelfth of April,
How he swept through people's hearts.
It seemed as if the world had involuntarily become kinder,
I was shocked by my victory.
What kind of universal music he thundered,
That holiday, in the colorful flames of banners,
When the unknown son of the land of Smolensk
Was adopted by the Earth-planet.
Inhabitant of the Earth, this heroic fellow,
In his space vessel
In a circular pattern, forever unprecedented,
In the depths of the sky he waved above her.
That day she seemed to become smaller,
But maybe she became closer to people.
Oh this day with April grace,
Willow blossoms in the bushes above the Gzhatya river...
And everything breathes with a dream come true.
Presenter 2. Imagine, guys, not only men, but also women can fly into space.
(slide)
Student.
Our days are crowned with victories.
One cannot help but be amazed at many things.
But when a woman storms space -
This is great, friends!
And the first woman cosmonaut is Valentina Tereshkova.
Since then, many astronauts from different countries have been in space. Not only the cosmonauts of our country, but also the Americans, Japanese, Chinese, and French.
Student
To become an astronaut,
You must have good health
And lead the right way of life,
And must undergo training
And only after many trials
You will become an astronaut.
Of course, everyone may want
Look at Earth from space
But will you have enough patience and strength?
Only the one who bravely endured everything;
Will go on a space flight
Let's go guys, space is calling us! Leading
Song "Grass near the house"
A GAME
Leading. Let's go on this hike with you guys. Raise your hands, how many of you want to fly into space? (Everyone raises their hands) Great!
Student
Distant stars are burning in the sky,
They invite smart guys to visit.
It won’t take long for us to get ready for the journey -
And now we are ready to fly.
Student
The announcer will command:
"Attention - take off!"
And our rocket will rush forward.
They will blink farewell and melt into the distance
Golden lights of the beloved Earth.
Student
We want to make friends with you, Luna.
So that you don't get bored all the time alone.
Mysterious Mars, wait for us a little.
We'll be able to stop by and see you on the way.
Student
If we want to go into space,
So, we'll be flying soon!
Ours will be the bravest
Cheerful, friendly crew.
Presenter. Guys, let's fly with you on the Spaceship. How does an astronaut fly?
(W-w-w-w). Let's fly, Let's fly!
We've arrived! They turned off all their engines!
Here we are on the first planet. No one has ever been on this planet before us. Not once has a human foot stepped on it. Let's come up with a name for it. (Children come up with a name for the planet). Martians live here. But you need to learn to talk to Martians. They do not understand either Russian or English. But since we flew to visit them, we should learn to greet them.
Presenter. I will ask 5 people to come to me. (They go out to the middle of the hall). Guys, you should greet each other with gestures, but these gestures should not be repeated. And so they began! (Children greet each other with gestures). Well done! Flying to the next planet? (Children agree).
Presenter. This is the planet, guys, Alphacentauri. Who do we see? Look, guys, we are greeted by an alien, his name is Vertunchik.
Pinwheel: I'm very glad you came. Do you like to solve riddles? (Yes). Then listen.
Puzzles
Miracle - bird, scarlet tail,
Arrived in a flock of stars. (Rocket)
I'll grumble, I'll grumble,
I'll fly to heaven. (Helicopter)
There are no clouds on the horizon,
But an umbrella opened in the sky,
In a few minutes
Dropped... (Parachute)
A yellow plate hangs in the sky.
The yellow plate gives everyone warmth. (Sun)
At Grandma's over the hut
The sky is hanging
Dogs bark and can’t reach you (Month)
Blue fur coat
Covered the whole world (Sky)
On clear nights
Mom and daughters are walking
She doesn’t tell her daughters:
Because mother is the Moon
And the daughters...(Stars)
What kind of ceiling is this?
Sometimes he is low, sometimes he is high,
Sometimes he is gray, sometimes he is whitish,
It's a little bluish.
And sometimes so beautiful -
Lace and blue-blue! (Sky)
Fluffy cotton wool
Floating somewhere.
The lower the wool,
The closer the rain comes. (Clouds)
I walk across the sky at night,
I dimly illuminate the earth.
I'm very bored alone
And my name is... (by the moon)
From which ladle do they not drink or eat, but just look at it? (Constellations: Ursa Major or Ursa Minor)
Pinwheel: Well done! You guessed everything - all my riddles!
Presenter. Let's fly! (W-w-w-w). Let's fly, let's fly! We've arrived.
This planet, guys, is “Stardalia.” There are a lot of stars on this planet and the stars on this planet are falling.
Game "Who will collect the stars faster"
I need 5 people. (5 people come out). (Multi-colored stars made of paper fall from the hands of the holiday leader.)
You see how many stars there are. Let's collect gifts. I count to 5, and you collect these stars (stars are scattered on the floor). So, are you ready? Let's start! 1-2-3-4-5. Stop! Let's count how many stars you have collected.
(The librarian approaches each child and counts the collected stars from each one). I award the winner (the one with the most stars) an honorary star. (Given a large red star drawn on paper). And whoever lost, don’t be upset, because you still have the stars that you collected.
(Children take their seats.)
Presenter. Let's fly! (W-w-w-w). Let's fly, let's fly! We've arrived.
This time, guys, we got to the moon. The moon, guys, is a satellite of the Earth.
(Display of the atlas with the image of the Moon).
Since we flew to the Moon, then we are all Lunatics.
Game "Real Cosmonaut"
The number of players is optional. The leader places a 3 meter long rope on the floor. Each participant stands at the beginning of the rope, turns around himself 5 times, and then must walk along the rope with his feet without stepping past it. The one who does this exactly wins. He received the “Real Cosmonaut!” medal.
Game "Cosmonaut's Breakfast"
Four apples are suspended on strings. The presenter invites two participants who must eat their apple as quickly as possible without touching it with their hands hidden behind their backs. The winner is awarded the Test Cosmonaut medal!
Game "Balloon"
12 people are selected from the audience. Each team has 6 people who form columns. The top two players on each team are given a balloon. Players from both teams raise their hands. At the leader’s command, the game participants pass the balloon from hand to hand to the back of the column. The team that completes the given task faster wins. The winners are awarded an honorary star.
Presenter. Let's fly! (W-w-w-w). Let's fly, let's fly! We've arrived.
Here we are with you on the last planet. Planet Earth. Many different people, animals, birds, insects live here.
Now let's play a game with you.
Game "Flying"
If I say a word that flies, you raise your hands. What doesn't fly, you don't raise your hands. But be very careful, because I will confuse you.
Is the plane flying? ...Flies.
Does the table fly? ... Doesn't fly.
Does the goat fly? ... Doesn't fly.
Does the eagle fly? ...Flies.
Does the machine gun fly? ... Doesn't fly.
Does the helicopter fly? ...Flies.
Is the swallow flying? ...Flies.
Does a hippopotamus fly? ... Doesn't fly.
Does a sparrow fly? ...Flies.
Does the chicken fly? ... Doesn't fly.
etc.
Well done! You know what flies and what doesn't.
So our journey through unknown planets has ended. And again we found ourselves in our hall.
At the end of the event, awards will be given to the children who won the drawing competition dedicated to Cosmonautics Day.
Preview:
Extracurricular activity
Cleanliness Lesson
"Nature's eternal beauty..."
(Joint event with the city library - branch No. 1)
Extracurricular activity
Cleanliness Lesson
"Nature's eternal beauty..."
Goals:
1. to form in children an idea of the inextricable connection between man and nature, to form knowledge about the norms of correct behavior in nature;
2. development of environmental awareness of students;
3. cultivate a love for living nature, respect for all living beings and a sense of responsibility for one’s behavior in nature.
Progress of the event
Ved. Good afternoon, dear guys! Today we have gathered for a holiday called “We are friends of nature.” Our planet Earth is in danger. There are many sore spots on it. This happened because people built many enterprises that pollute the air with their smoke and gas; waste flows into rivers and seas and pollutes them; During accidents, oil from tankers spills into the waters of the seas and oceans. This is how our Earth is polluted. Animals and plants die from this pollution, and people get sick. Nature is dying. To help her, we must learn to love nature, love it from childhood, learn to understand how all living beings live. Every person can help nature, help with their actions, their slaughter, their kindness.
Listening to the song “All this is called nature”
Children read poems
Look, my young friend,
What's around:
The sky is light blue,
Sun, light golden.
The wind plays with the leaves,
A cloud floats in the sky
Field, river and grass,
Mountains, air and foliage,
Birds, animals and forests,
Thunder, fog and dew,
And that's why we all
We can't live without water,
Without plants and animals,
Without beautiful high mountains,
Without forests, fields and rivers
Man cannot live.
So let's save
Our earthly natural home.
Ved. Guys, birds have long attracted human attention. People were delighted by their bright plumage, melodious singing, and their bold, swift flights. The most poetic images in the works of peoples are associated with birds. Watching birds, people expanded their knowledge in games, poems, and songs.
/Game “The Birds Have Arrived”
Ved. Now I will only name birds, but if I suddenly make a mistake and you hear something else, then you need to clap.
The birds have arrived:
Pigeons, tits,
Flies and swifts...
/Children clap/
Ved. What is wrong?
Children. Flies.
Ved. And who are the flies?
Children. Insects.
Ved. You're right. Well, let's continue:
The birds have arrived:
Pigeons, tits,
Storks, crows,
Jackdaws, pasta! /Clap/
Ved.
The birds have arrived:
Let's start again!
The birds have arrived:
Pigeons, tits,
Pigeons, martens! /Clap/
The birds have arrived:
Pigeons, tits,
Ostriches, siskins... /Clapping/
Lapwings, siskins,
Gadgets, swifts,
Storks, cuckoos,
The birds have arrived:
Pigeons, tits,
Ostriches, siskins... /Clapping/
Even Scops Owls. /Clap/
Jackdaws and swifts,
The birds have arrived:
Pigeons, tits,
Ostriches, siskins... /Clapping/
Even Scops Owls. /Clap/
Gadgets, swifts,
Mosquitoes, cuckoos. /Clap/
Even Scops Owls
Swans, starlings...
Ved. Well done to all of you.Everything in the world is interconnected: human life and the life of the forest with its inhabitants.
Each owl destroys about 1000 rodents in just one year. If we consider that each mouse can eat 1 kg of grain per year, then one owl saves a ton of bread per year.
The cuckoo has an extraordinary appetite. She can eat up to 100 caterpillars in an hour. A large number of insect pests appear in the forest where the cuckoo lives, and it deals with them within a few days.
Did you know that:
The crane lives from 12 to 50 years;
Squirrel – from 6 to 7 years;
Cuckoo – from 10 to 40 years;
Horse – from 20 to 60 years;
Elephant - from 70 to 120 years;
Bear - from 15 to 20 years.
The paper abandoned by you will lie for more than 2 years,
Tin can - more than 30 years,
Plastic bag – more than 200 years,
Glass – 1000 years.
Ved. It’s the end of December, more cold weather is coming soon, so guys, don’t forget to feed the birds, it can be difficult for them to survive in harsh, cold winters. Out of 8 tits, only one remains by spring if you don’t take care of them in winter.
Feed the birds in winter!
Let it come from all over
They will flock to you like home,
Flocks on the porch.
The food is not rich in them,
A handful of grain is needed.
A handful of grain is not scary
It will be winter for them...
Train your birds in the cold
To your window
So that you don’t have to go without songs
Let's welcome spring.
To keep away harmful insects
The blooming gardens did not die in vain.
Always, at any time of the year
Take care of the birds, friends!
There is just a temple
There is a temple of science
And there is also a temple of nature -
With scaffolding reaching out
Towards the sun and winds,
Open to us in the heat and cold,
Come here, be a little hearty,
Do not desecrate her shrines.
Ved. Guys, people have long been wise and observant. Their whole life was connected with nature. And people taught their children to do the same and still use wise words. The folk sign lives on in our times. Listen to some here:
For example, He who loves the forest does not destroy it.
Frost on trees means frost.
I saw a starling - spring is at the porch.
Winter is frosty - summer is hot.
I'll start and you finish:
The earth is painted ... (sun), and man ... (labor)
There is a lot of forest - ... (don’t destroy), a little forest - ... (take care), no forest - ... (plant).
Late departure of birds - ...(for a warm winter).
Pillar of smoke - ... (towards frost).
So that the joy of tomorrow
Did you manage to feel
The land must be clean
And the sky will be clear.
And this land, without sparing,
Tormented by century after century
And he took everything just for himself
Man of sense.
Now they rushed to save
Natural environment.
Through the factories and factories the smoke
It's hard for us to see
All the suffering on earth
We have to be patient!
How long will we have enough water?
What if there is poison dissolved in it?
How long will those forests last?
Where are the axes knocking?
Save fields, forests, meadows
And the clean surface of the rivers -
Only you can do the whole Earth,
Man of sense!
Competition “Guess the riddle, say the tongue twister, solve the problem.”
/Attached to the board is a drawing of a magpie on its tailriddles attached/
White-sided Magpie
Flew from afar
Didn't say where she was
But she, guys,
Very tricky riddles
She brought it to us on her tail.
1. A herb that even the blind know(nettle)
2. Tree is a symbol of our Motherland(birch)
3. What happens to the bee after it stings?(dies)
4. In the dead of night she has no time to sleep:
She runs the fishery.(Owl)
5. Who likes to run around on branches?
Of course, red...(squirrel).
Ved. A tongue twister competition is announced.
Who is behind me without a mistake
He will quickly repeat the phrase,
In this competition today
Will definitely win!
The rooks are looking at the jackdaws,
The jackdaws are looking at the rooks.
Questions and jokes
- What tree are children most happy with in winter? (spruce)
- What will the letter “k” turn flax into if it stands next to it? (Maple)
- Tree with cones (spruce, pine)
- What rocks are in the sea? (wet)
- Flying all day, everyone gets bored (fly)
- I swam in the pond, but remained dry. (Goose)
- What animals crawl out of their skin (snake)
- Red cheat (fox)
- He starts the week (Monday)
- First spring flower (snowdrop)
- Which fish resembles a chess piece? (sea Horse)
- What color is a chameleon? (varies depending on temperature, humidity, lighting)
Ved. Our holiday continues with a competition for the correct and quick solution of problems. Here you need to listen carefully, count quickly and learn something new from the natural world.
Here's a fun challenge
Waiting for brave souls.
Let's wish them good luck.
Come out! Who's ready?
If you know the table,
Answer the question boldly,
How many small birds
Did it fly to the feeder?
A pair of pugnacious sparrows,
And a couple of titmice too,
Pair of rock pigeons
And two pairs of bullfinches.(10)
The hedgehog gave the ducklings
8 leather boots,
Which one of the guys will answer?
How many ducklings were there?(4)
Under the bushes by the river
May beetles lived:
Daughter, son, father and mother.
The squirrel warmed up the kettle,
Invited 10 squirrels:
“Come everyone for tea!”
How many squirrels, answer!(5)
The bear was walking through the forest,
The bear was collecting pine cones.
I put eight in the basket,
Then ten, seven more.
How many are there in total? – we’ll ask.
Answer, Mishutka, everyone!(8+10+7=25)
Ved . Yes, guys, our nature is patient, it forgives a person a lot, but it also calls for our help and protection. What makes us happy in nature? Of course, its beauty, clean air, the silence of the forest, the voices of birds and animals, the rustling of leaves, the babbling of a brook. For other people to see this beauty, we must learn to communicate with nature.
Let us also listen to nature, listen, think and rejoice.
We have everything
For later and for now:
Rivers, mountains and forests,
Blue skies
Oceans, palm trees, snow
And the Earth is one for all.
She is happy to give us everything,
Just don't be greedy!
And then it will remain
Everything for everyone and forever!
Look, my friend, don’t let us down!
Promise to be truthful and kind!
Do not offend either the bird or the cricket,
Don't buy a butterfly net.
Love flowers, forests, open spaces of fields,
Everything that is called your homeland!
(Students go out one by one and read one line of the poem, at the same time raising a card with the letter
S O C H R A N I M P R I R O D U Z E M L I!
WITH morning until late evening,
ABOUT in their clearings of pages,
X plays with the book trustingly
R Azdol music of birds..
A maybe from now on
N another time will come -
AND will become for the bird tribe
M or more kids!
P the birds will delight again
R settle your heart and ears,
AND make stronger friends with birds
R tree, and grove, and meadow.
ABOUT from the sky to the underwater world
D Come on, as the Motherland speaks,
U with my mind and noble soul
Z Protect the health of the planet!
E same diversity
M We will appreciate it for a reason,
L to Europe and Asia,
AND our native places!
"Important Tip"
Let's solve the puzzle with you"Important advice."
This puzzle contains a wise saying about nature. To read this advice, you need to remember the sequence of letters in the Russian alphabet. The key to reading is in the picture. For ease of reading, write in boxes.
The slide is shown.
(Answer: You will take care and nurture the green, cheerful land - and you yourself will be well-fed, healthy and cheerful, man.)
Let's read what rules a person who cares about nature should cultivate in himself.
Slide.
- Protect nature as a source of material wealth, human health and spiritual wealth.
- Study the laws of nature.
- Provide practical assistance in protecting nature and increasing its wealth.
- Fight against poachers and anyone who harms nature.
- Fight against unauthorized dumps.
- Be true to the motto “Protecting nature means protecting the homeland!”
We are responsible for the fate of our common home - planet Earth. We are all children of one ship called Earth. This means there is simply nowhere to transfer from it. If you take something from the earth, give it back to it. Plant a tree, clean the spring, feed the birds. Only then will the Earth remain the same as in your drawings. Let us try to live in such a way that the earth around us remains generous and beautiful, so that clean streams gurgle on it, gardens bloom, and birds sing.
Let's be
Save the planet!
Throughout the Universe
There is nothing more beautiful.
Throughout the Universe
All alone!
What will it do
Is she without us?
We live in the same family,
We should sing in the same circle,
Walk in the same line
Fly in one flight.
Let's save
Chamomile in the meadow.
Water lily on the river
And cranberries in the swamp.
Oh how mother nature
Tolerant and kind!
But let her dashing
No fate befell.
Let's save
There is sturgeon on the rods.
Killer whale in the sky
In the taiga wilds - a tiger.
If you are destined to breathe
We have only air.
Let's all go
Let's unite forever.
Let's get our souls
Together we will save
Then and on Earth
We will save ourselves!
Summarizing
Preview:
Song "Let's save nature"
We live in the same family,
We should sing in the same circle,
Walk in the same line
Fly in one flight.
Let's save
Chamomile in the meadow.
Water lily on the river
And cranberries in the swamp.
Oh how mother nature
Tolerant and kind!
But let her dashing
No fate befell.
Let's save
There is sturgeon on the rods.
Killer whale in the sky
In the taiga wilds - a tiger.
If you are destined to breathe
We have only air.
Let's all go
Let's unite forever.
Let's get our souls
Together we will save
Then and on Earth
We will save ourselves!
Preview:
Olympiad tasks in mathematics 1st grade
1. Three brothers have two sisters. How many children are there in the family? Circle the correct answer:
5 9 6
2. Which is heavier: 1 kilogram of cotton wool or 1 kilogram of iron? Circle the correct answer:
cotton wool iron equally
3. You can put 2 kilograms of food in the bag. How many bags should a mother have if she wants to buy 4 kilograms of potatoes and a melon weighing 1 kilogram?
Write an answer._________________________
4. From under the gate you can see 8 cat paws. How many cats are there in the yard?
Write an answer. __________________
5. Place + or – signs to get the correct equality:
7 * 4 * 2 * 5 = 10
10 * 4 * 3 * 8 = 1
6. The staircase consists of 7 steps. Which step is in the middle?
7. The log was cut into 3 parts. How many cuts did you make? Circle the correct answer:
3 2 4
8. The animal has 2 right legs, 2 left legs, 2 legs in the back, 2 legs in front. How many legs does an animal have?
Write an answer:_________________________________
9. Three girls were preparing Christmas tree decorations for the New Year. The three of them worked for 3 hours. How many hours did each of them work?
Write an answer:_________________________
10. The sum of three even numbers is 12. Write these numbers if you know that the terms are not equal to each other.
Olympiad tasks in mathematics 2nd grade
F.I., class _____________________________________________
1. A turkey weighs 12 kg. How much will he weigh if he stands on one leg? (1 point) Answer:________________
2. The rabbits’ cage was closed, but 24 legs were visible through the bottom hole, and 12 rabbit ears through the top hole. So how many rabbits were there in the cage? (3 points) Answer: __________________
3. Anya, Zhenya and Nina received different grades for the test, but they did not have two marks. Guess what grade each of the girls received, if Anya’s is not “3”, Nina’s is not “3” and not “5” (3 points).
Answer: Anya___, Nina ____, Zhenya_____.
4. From the numbers 21, 19, 30, 25, 12, 7, 15, 6, 27, select three numbers whose sum will be equal to 50 (2 points). Answer:___________________________.
5. Pinocchio has less than 20 gold coins. He can arrange these coins into piles of two, three and four coins. How many coins does Pinocchio have? (3 points) Answer:__________.
6.Write down all two-digit numbers in which the number of ones is four more than the number of tens? (1 case – 1 point)_________________________.
7. Katya, Galya and Olya, while playing, hid a toy each. They played with a bear, a bunny and an elephant. It is known that Katya did not hide the bunny, and Olya did not hide either the bunny or the bear cub. Who has what toy? (3 points)
Answer: Katya____________________, Galya____________________, Olya_____________________.
8. Three girls, when asked how old they were, answered this: Masha: “I, together with Natasha, are 21 years old,” Natasha: “I am 4 years younger than Tamara,” Tamara: “The three of us together are 34 years old.” How old are each of the girls? (5 points)
Answer: Masha_________, Natasha____________, Tamara___________.
9. Insert the missing symbols of mathematical operations. (1 example – 2 points)
1 2 3 4 5 = 5 1 2 3 4 5 = 7
10. Continue the series of numbers (2 points)
20, 18, 19, 17, 18, 16, 17, ...., ...., ....
1, 2, 4, 7, 11, 16, 22, 29, ...., ....
Olympiad tasks in mathematics grade 3
F.I., class _____________________________________________
1. One egg is boiled for 4 minutes. How many minutes does it take to cook 5 eggs?
(1 point)________________.
2. There are 10 fingers on the hands. How many fingers are there on 10 hands? (1 point) _________.
3. The doctor gave the sick girl 3 tablets and ordered her to take them every half hour. She strictly followed the doctor's instructions. How long did the pills prescribed by the doctor last? (1 point)___________.
4. A square with a side of 6 cm was bent from a piece of wire. Then they unbent the wire and bent it into a triangle with equal sides. What is the length of the side of the triangle? (1 point)____________________.
5. Kolya, Vasya and Borya played checkers. Each of them played only 2 games. How many games were played in total? (2 points)________________.
6. How many two-digit numbers can be made from the numbers 1,2,3, provided that the numbers in the number are not repeated? List all these numbers. (2 points)___________________________________________.
7. There were 9 sheets of paper. Some of them were cut into three parts. There are 15 sheets in total. How many sheets of paper did you cut? (3 points)__________.
8. In a five-story building, Vera lives above Petit, but below Slava, and Kolya lives below Petit. What floor does Vera live on if Kolya lives on the second floor? (3 points)__________________________________________.
9. 1 eraser, 2 pencils and 3 notepads cost 38 rubles. 3 erasers, 2 pencils and 1 notebook cost 22 rubles. How much does a set of eraser, pencil and notepad cost? (4 points)_________________________________
10. Nils flew in the flock on the back of Martin the goose. He noticed that the formation of the flock resembles a triangle: the leader is in front, then 2 geese, 3 geese in the third row, etc. The flock stopped for the night on an ice floe. Nils saw that the arrangement of the geese this time resembled a square consisting of rows, in each row the same number of geese, and the number of geese in each row was equal to the number of rows. There are less than 50 geese in the flock. How many geese are there in the flock? (6 points)______________________________
Olympiad tasks in mathematics grade 4
F.I., class _____________________________________________
1. Sitting at the window of the train car, the boy began to count telegraph poles. He counted 10 pillars. How far did the train travel during this time if the distance between the pillars is 50 m? (1 point)__________________________.
2. One clock is 25 minutes behind, showing 1 hour 50 minutes. What time does the other clock show if it advances by 15 minutes? (2 points)_________________________.
3.What are the sides of a rectangle whose area is 12 cm and whose perimeter is 26 cm? (1 point)_________________________________.
4. How much do you get if you add the largest odd two-digit number and the smallest even three-digit number? (1 point)_______________________.
5. Find a pattern in each chain of numbers and fill in the missing numbers
(1 chain – 1 point):
1) 3, 6, __, 12, 15, 18.
2) 1, 8, 11, 18, ___, 28, 31.
3) 2, 2, 4, 4, ___, 6, 8, 8.
4) 24, 21, ___, 15, 12.
5) 65, 60, 55, ____, 45, 40, 35.
6. Write the smallest four-digit number in which all digits are different. (1 point)___________________________.
7. Three girlfriends - Vera, Olya and Tanya - went into the forest to pick berries. To collect berries they had a basket, a basket and a bucket. It is known that Olya was not with a basket or a basket, Vera was not with a basket. What did each girl take with her to pick berries? (3 points) Vera - ______________, Tanya - ______________, Olya - _______________.
8. A motorcyclist traveled 980 km in three days. In the first two days he rode 725 km, while on the second day he rode 123 km more than on the third day. How many kilometers did he travel on each of these three days? (4 points)
I day _______, II day _______, III day ________.
9. Write in digits the number consisting of 22 million 22 thousand 22 hundreds and 22 ones. (2 points)________________________________.
10. 240 students from Moscow and Orel arrived at the tourist camp. There were 125 boys among the arrivals, 65 of whom were Muscovites. Among the students who arrived from Orel, there were 53 girls. How many students in total arrived from Moscow? (4 points)_____________.
Answers:
1 class
1) 5 (1 point)
2) Equally (1 point)
3) 3 packages (2 points)
4) 2 cats (1 point)
5) 1 example – 1 point
6) fourth (1 point)
7) 2 (1 point)
8) 4 legs (2 points)
9) 3 hours (2 points)
10) 2+4+6=12 (2 points)
2nd grade
1) 12 kg (1 point)
2) 6 rabbits (3 points)
3) Anya has 5, Nina has 4, Zhenya has 3 (3 points)
4) 19+6+25=50 (2 points)
5) 12 coins (3 points)
6) 15, 26, 37, 48, 59 (1 case – 1 point)
7) Olya has an elephant, Katya has a bear cub, Galya has a bunny (3 points)
8) Masha is 12 years old, Natasha is 9 years old, Tamara is 13 years old (5 points)
9) 9.1+2+3+4-5= 5 1+2+3+-4+5=7 (1 example – 2 points)
10) ...10. 15, 16, 14 (2 points)
…37,46
3rd grade
1) 4 minutes (1 point)
2) 50 (1 point)
3) for 1 hour (1 point)
4) 8cm (1 point)
5) 3 games. (K-V, K-B, V-B) 2 points
6) 12.13, 21.23, 31.32 (2 points)
7) 3 sheets (3 points)
8) 4th floor – Vera (3 points)
9) 15 rubles, because 4 erasers, 4 pencils and 4 notebooks 38+22=60(rub.) One set costs 60: 4=15(rub.) (4 points)
10) 36 geese (6 points)
4th grade:
1. 50 x 9=450 (m) (1 point)
2. 1 hour 50 min + 25 min = 2 hours 15 min (2 points)
2 hours 15 min+15 min=2 hours 30 min
3. The sides of the rectangle are 12 cm and 1 cm (1 point)
4.199 (1 point)
5. 1) 9; 2)21; 3)6; 4)18; 5) 50; (1 chain - 1 point)
6. 1023 (1 point)
7. Vera was with a basket, Olya was with a bucket, Tanya was with a basket. (3 points)
8. (4 points)
1) 980 - 725 = 255 (km) - traveled on the third day;
2) 255 + 123 = 378 (km) - traveled on the second day;
3) 725 - 378 = 347 (km) - traveled on the first day.
Answer: on the first day the motorcyclist rode 347 km, on the second - 378, on the third - 255 km.
9. 22 024 222 (2 points)
10. (4 points)
1) 240-125=115 girls from Moscow and Orel
2) 115-53=62 girls from Moscow
3) 65+62=127 children from Moscow
Russian Language Olympiad 2nd grade
1. Each of these words hides another word. Find him
barn, bison, scythe, duck, wolf. 5 B/……
...............................................................................................
2. Find the extra word, explain the reason for the exception:
ball, watermelon, forest, teeth
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Night, daughter, field, sing
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………2b/
3.Make words from letters: s, l, o, m e, r, o, p u, r, a, k, h
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
3b/……
4.Choose words that contain only soft consonants:
ticket,
Now,
axe,
six,
thicket,
anniversary. 3b/……
5.Find the extra pair:
wide narrow
loud – strong;
dark - light.
timid - brave 1b/……
6.Highlight a word that is not in alphabetical order:
Poppy
Boy
Lightning
Fly
Ant 1b/……
7. Solve puzzles.
R 1 a……………………………………………..
E100nia……………………………………………..
For 1ka ………………………………………………………… 3b/……
8.Highlight words that can be divided for hyphenation.
Autumn, pit, belt, Anna, watering can, ash, branches, anchor, skates, stork.
5 B/……
9. Continue the sentences by inserting the appropriate animal.
Turkey, donkey, bear, fox, fish, hare, pig, magpie, wolf.
It’s like…………………………………………….
Dirty as……………………………………...
Cowardly as …………………………………………
Stubborn as……………………………………………………………....
Prickly like…………………………………… 5b/……
10. Highlight words in which the initial letters should be capitalized.
Natasha, lake, mountain, dog, tuzik, Kuznetsov, Volga
4b/……
11. Highlight the words that are in the proverb or saying.
a) When do you count chickens?
In the spring
In summer
in winter
In autumn 1b/……
b) When does the appetite come?
During rest
While walking
While eating
1b/… never comes
12. Choose the correct form of the noun
Mom baked pies with
jam,
jam. 1b/……
13.Choose the answer, how many sounds are in the word “LIU”?
2
3
4
1 1b/……
14. Highlight words with the suffix – to –
napkin,
vase,
box,
little book. 2b/……
15. Write the word swallow in 4 cells.
1b/……
16. In which word the negation no is heard 100 times.
1b/……
17. In what word are three o heard but written four?
letters.
1b/……
Answers.
1. Stable, bison, scythe, duck, wolf.
5b, 1 point for the correct answer
2. ball, watermelon, forest, teeth (plural)
Night, daughter, field (no ending ь, 2 syllables) or sing (verb)
2b, 1 point for the correct answer
3.soap, feather, pen
3b, 1 point for the correct answer
4. now, anniversary, thicket
3b, 1 point for the correct answer
5.1 poppy, 2 boy, 3 lightning, 4 ant, 5 fly,
1b, 1 point for the correct answer
6.LOUD-STRONG
1b, point for correct answer
7.Motherland, Estonia, hairpin
3b, 1 point for the correct answer
8. Belt, Anna, watering can, branches, skates.
5b, 1 point for the correct answer
9 Silent as a fish.
Dirty as a pig.
He's as cowardly as a hare.
Stubborn as a donkey.
Prickly like a hedgehog.
5b, 1 point for the correct answer
10. Natasha, lake, mountain, dog, tuzik, Kuznetsov, Volga
4b, 1 point for the correct answer
11. a) In autumn b) During meals
2b, 1 point for the correct answer
12. jam. 1b, point for correct answer
13. 3
1b, point for correct answer
14. napkin, box
2b, 1 point for the correct answer
15.Swallow
1b, point for correct answer
16.Moans
1b, point for correct answer
17.Trio
1b, point for correct answer
Total: 41 points
Marina Mikhailenko
Good day to all, friends and colleagues!
I bring to your attention a plan of events in preparatory school group No. 1 “Zvezdochka” for Cosmonautics Day.
1. Reading fiction: riddles about space; E. P. Levitan “For kids about stars and planets”; N. Nosov “Dunno on the Moon”; poems by A. Hight “In order, all the planets ...”; “There lived an astrologer on the moon”; R. Aldonin “Comet”; G. Sapgir “Spreading out his fiery tail...”; K. Bulychev. "The Secret of the Third Planet"; V. Borozdin “First in Space”; reading encyclopedic literature on space flights, space technology, cosmic bodies “Cosmos”, “Astronomy and Space”, “Astronomy for preschoolers”.
2. GCD:"Space trip"; "The Story of the Cosmonauts"; "Our Planet Earth"; "This mysterious space."
3. Conversations:"The First Cosmonaut"; "Planets of the Solar System"; "Our Universe"; “Who are astronauts”; “The starry sky - the structure of the solar system”; "Animals in Space"; "Solar system"; "Yuri Gagarin - the first cosmonaut."
4. Examination of photos, illustrations, albums:"Astronomy"; illustrations about space, astronauts; postcards “This mysterious space”; "The Big Book of Spacecraft for Boys and Girls."
5. Design of a book exhibition about space and astronauts “Through Thorns to the Stars.”
6. Art activities: group work on appliqué and drawing “The Path to the Stars”; "Meeting in space."
- application:"Rockets"; "Aliens"; "Stars on the sky"; "Stars and Planets"; "Flight to the moon".
- design and manual labor: Origami “rocket”; designing rockets and spaceports from various construction kits; "Our spaceship"; "Space City" from Lego.
- drawing:"Star Collage"; "The path to the stars"; "The rocket flies into space"; "Planets of the Solar System"; "Aliens"; "Starry Sky";
"Comic Fantasies"
- modeling:"Cosmonauts"; "Rocket"; “That’s what they are, unearthly people.”
7. Didactic games:"Restore order to the solar system"; "Stars on the sky"; “Find the odd one out”; “Find the error”; “Planets line up in order!”; “Add a word.”
8. Outdoor games:“Catch up with my rocket”; "Space Tags"; "Cosmic Charge"; “Fast rockets are waiting for us”; "Space relay race".
9. Plot-role-playing games:"Great Space Journey" “We are astronauts”; “Visiting aliens”, “Builders of the cosmodrome”.
10. Viewing presentations:"Yuri Gagarin - the first cosmonaut"; "Planets of the Solar System"; "Constellations"; "Starry Sky"; “What Space Hides”; "For children about space."
11. Exhibition of joint works (children + parents):“This amazing space”; "Spaceships".
12. Release of a wall newspaper.
13. Short-term project “This mysterious space.”
14. Design of a parent corner about space, consultations for parents:"This mysterious space"; A reminder for parents on how to give their child an initial understanding of space, the Universe, and the movement of the planets of the solar system.
15. KVN for children and parents:"What do we know about space?"
16. Listening to music:“March of the Cosmonauts” by A. Rybnikov; "We are the children of the galaxy"; “Star Song of the Sky” G. Belov; “I believe friends” O. Feltsman, V. Voinovich; “Grass near the house” by V. Migulya, A. Poperechny; “You know what kind of guy he was” A. Pakhmutova, N. Dobronravov;
Publications on the topic:
Long-term plan of events for the month of tolerance Plan implementation period: 10/15/2015 to 11/14/2015 Goal: Formation of the foundations of tolerance in preschool children. Younger age.
Long-term plan of events for the year in the middle group Filimonova Vera Aleksandrovna Long-term plan of events for the year in the middle group. September 1st week: Entertainment for the Day of Knowledge "V.
Plan of events “Year of Russian Cinema” No. Event Dates Responsible 1. Conversations with preschool students on the topics: “History of Russian cinema”, “Profession director”.
Plan of events for the Week of Military Glory Plan of events for the Week of Military Glory No. Name of the event Timing, Date of the event Responsible Work with teachers 1.
Event plan for Victory Day Plan of Events for Victory Day Goal: Continue to acquaint children with the military traditions of our people. Create a desire to imitate Russian ones.
Activities plan for winter holidays 2016 has been declared the Year of Russian Cinema. Therefore, we decided to devote the vacation week to cinema. Within this topic we have planned.
Preview:
GOU NPO PU No. 12
"Road to Space"
script for a festive event dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the first human flight
into the space
Prepared by Odin Yu.A.
Rtishchevo
2011
Road to space
"Road to space! I had great happiness - to be in its wide expanse, to be the first to make the flight that people dreamed of.”
Yu. Gagarin.
1 presenter : Many thousands of years ago, looking at the night sky, man dreamed of flying to the stars. Billions of flickering night luminaries forced his thoughts to be carried away into the vast expanses of the Universe, awakened his imagination, and made him think about the secrets of the universe. Centuries passed, man acquired more and more power over nature, but the dream of flying to the stars remained as unrealizable as thousands of years ago. Legends and myths of all nations are full of stories about flights to the Moon, Sun and stars.
2 presenter : On April 12, our country and the whole world celebrate the 50th anniversary of the first manned flight into space. This is a national holiday. Today it seems familiar to us that spaceships launch from Earth. In the high celestial distances, spacecraft dockings take place. Cosmonauts live and work in space stations for months, and automatic stations go to other planets. You might say “what's so special about this?”
3 presenter : But just recently they talked about space flights as science fiction. And 50 years ago, a new era began - the era of space exploration. On April 12, 1961, for the first time in the world, the planet's first cosmonaut flew on the Vostok spacecraft. He was our citizen Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin.
4 presenter : Ah, this day is the twelfth of April,
How he swept through people's hearts!
It seemed as if the world had involuntarily become kinder,
I was shocked by my victory.
What kind of universal music he thundered,
That holiday, in the colorful flames of banners,
When the unknown son of the land of Smolensk
Was adopted by the Earth-planet.
Resident of the Earth, this heroic fellow
In your space vessel,
In a circular pattern, forever unprecedented,
In the depths of the sky he waved above her...
On that day the Earth seemed to become smaller,
But she became closer to people, maybe closer.
Ah, this day, involuntarily or willingly
Who gave birth to the idea that there is such a line -
On a small Earth - why war?
Why does everything that the human race suffers?
Did you know yourself, from that remote universe
Having reached our earthly shores,
What news, what priceless pledge
Delivered to us from future centuries?
Yes, -
In a series of decades every year
We are marking new ones
Cosmic milestones.
But we remember:
The journey to the stars has begun
From Gagarinsky
Russian
"Go"!
(Video clip)
1 presenter : The inhabitants of the Earth will always remember with gratitude the names of people who discovered a new sphere of human activity. In this constellation, some of the brightest are the name of the first cosmonaut of the planet Yuri Gagarin, the name of the chief designer Academician Sergei Pavlovich Korolev and the name of the founder of astronautics as a science Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky
2 presenter : In 1911, Tsiolkovsky uttered his prophetic words: “Humanity will not remain on Earth forever, but, in pursuit of light and space, it will first timidly penetrate beyond the atmosphere, and then conquer all of the solar space.” And from that moment on, the great minds of the planet began to work on the beginning of real space exploration...
3 presenter: Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky -Russian and Soviet self-taught scientist, researcher, school teacher. R I lived in September in the village Izhevskoe, Ryazan province, in the family of a forester. As a result of complications from scarlet fever in childhood, he lost his hearing and was deprived of the opportunity to enter an educational institution. He studied physics and mathematics on his own. In 1879, he passed the exam for the title of public school teacher as an external student.
4 presenter : Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky - the founder of modernastronautics. He substantiated the derivation of the jet propulsion equation and came to the conclusion about the need to use “rocket trains” - prototypes of multi-stage rockets. Author of works on aerodynamics, aeronautics and others. RepresentativeRussian cosmism, member Russian Society of World Studies Lovers.
1 presenter: Author sci-fiworks, Tsiolkovsky proposed populating outer space using orbital stations. He believed that the development of life on one of the planets of the Universe would reach such power and perfection that this would make it possible to overcome the forces of gravity and spread life throughout the Universe.
2 presenter: Sergey Pavlovich KorolevSoviet scientist, designer and organizer of the production of rocket and space technology and missile weapons of the USSR, Founder of practical cosmonautics. Born on January 12, 1907 in the city of Zhitomir (Ukraine) in the family of a teacher of Russian literature.
3 presenter : Sergei Pavlovich is the largest figure of the 20th century in the field of space rocketry and shipbuilding. With the launch of the first artificial Earth satellite into orbit in 1957, a new era in human history, the space age, began.
4 presenter : Sergei Korolev is the creator of Soviet strategic missile weapons of medium and intercontinental range. His design developments in the field of rocket technology were of exceptional value for the development of Soviet missile weapons, and his contribution to the organization and development of practical astronautics is of global importance. His activities ensured strategic parity and made the USSR an advanced rocket and space power
1 presenter : Twice Hero of Socialist Labor, laureate of the Lenin Prize, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences. His motto in life were the words: Those who want to work look for means, those who don’t want reasons.
2 presenter: The first cosmonaut on the planetYuri Alekseyevich Gagarinborn on March 9, 1934 in the city of Gzhatsk (now Gagarin) Gzhatsky (now Gagarin) district of the Smolensk region in the family of a collective farmer. “The family in which I was born,” Yuri Alekseevich later wrote, “is the most ordinary; it is no different from the millions of working families of our Motherland.”
3 presenter: Yuri spent the first years of his life in the village of Klushino, where his parents lived: his father, Alexey Ivanovich, and his mother, Anna Timofeevna. He was the most ordinary child, no different from his peers: he helped his parents to the best of his ability, was an indispensable participant in all children's village fun, and sometimes played pranks.
4 presenter: The cloudless childhood of the future conqueror of space was interrupted by the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War. On September 1, little Yuri went to first grade at Klushinsky junior high school s , and already on October 12, classes were interrupted - Nazi troops occupied the village.
1 presenter: The Nazi troops stayed in Klushino for two long years, and for two years little Yuri saw all the horrors inherent in war.
On April 9, 1943, Soviet troops liberated the village and school resumed.
2 presenter: On May 24, 1945, the Gagarin family moved from Klushino to the city of Gzhatsk where Yuri continued his studies.
In May 1949, he graduated from the sixth grade of the Gzhatsk junior high school, and on September 30 of the same year he entered the Lyubertsy vocational school No. 10. In December 1949, the Ukhtomsk city Komsomol committee accepted Yuri Gagarin as a member of the Komsomol.
3 presenter: Simultaneously with his studies at the school, he entered the Lyubertsy evening school for working youth, where he graduated from the seventh grade in May 1951. And a month later he graduated with honors from a vocational school with a degree in molding and foundry. Yuri Alekseevich was proud of his working profession all his life.
4 presenter: Having graduated from college and received a specialty, Gagarin decides to continue his studies and already in August 1951 he became a student at the Saratov Industrial College.
It should be noted that the road to space for the world’s first cosmonaut also passed through the city of Saratov.
« It was with Saratov that I developed a disease that does not exist in medicine - an uncontrollable craving for the sky, a craving for flying,”- he wrote in his book “The Road to Space”.
1 presenter: The years of study flew by unnoticed and were compressed to the limit by various activities. In addition to studying and practical training, Komsomol work and sports took up a lot of time. It was during those years that Gagarin became interested in aviation and on October 25, 1954, he first came to the Saratov Aero Club.
2 presenter: The coming 1955 became the year of the first significant successes of Yuri Alekseevich. In June he graduated with honors from the Saratov Industrial College, in July he made his first solo flight on a Yak-18 aircraft, and on October 10 he graduated from the Saratov Aero Club.
3 presenter: And on August 3, 1955, the Saratov regional newspaper “Dawn of Youth” published a report “A Day at the Airfield”, in which Gagarin’s name was mentioned. “The first praise in print means a lot in a person’s life,” Yuri Alekseevich later wrote.
4 presenter: On October 27, 1955, by the Oktyabrsky District Military Commissariat of the city of Saratov, Yuri Alekseevich was drafted into the ranks of the Soviet Army and sent to the city of Orenburg to study at the 1st Chkalov Military Aviation School named after K.E. Voroshilov. As soon as he put on his military uniform, Gagarin realized that his whole life would be connected with the sky. This turned out to be the path to which his soul strove.
1 presenter: Two years flew by unnoticed within the walls of the school, filled with flights, combat training and short hours of rest. And so on October 25, 1957, the school was completed.
2 presenter: Two days later, another significant event occurred in Gagarin’s life - he married Valentina Ivanovna Goryacheva.
3 presenter: At the end of 1957, Gagarin arrived at his destination - the fighter aviation regiment of the Northern Fleet. Army everyday life began to flow: flights in polar day and polar night conditions, combat and political training. Gagarin loved to fly, flew with pleasure, and probably would have continued to do so for many more years if it had not been for the recruitment that began among young fighter pilots for retraining on new equipment. At that time, no one had yet openly talked about space flights, so spaceships were called “new technology.”
4 presenter: On December 9, 1959, Gagarin wrote a statement asking to be included in the group of cosmonaut candidates. A week later he was called to Moscow to undergo a comprehensive medical examination at the Central Research Aviation Hospital. Early next year, another special medical commission followed, which declared Senior Lieutenant Gagarin fit for space flight. On March 3, 1960, by order of the Air Force Commander-in-Chief K.A. Vershinin, he was enrolled in the group of cosmonaut candidates, and on March 11 he began training.
1 presenter: There were 20 young pilots who were to prepare for their first flight into space. Gagarin was one of them. When preparations began, no one could even guess which of them would open the road to the stars. It was later, when the flight became a reality, when the timing of this flight became more or less clear, a group of six people stood out and began to be trained according to a different program than the rest.
2 presenter: And four months before the flight, it became clear to almost everyone that Gagarin would be the one to fly. None of the leaders of the Soviet space program ever said that Yuri Alekseevich was better prepared than others. The choice of the first was determined by many factors, and physiological indicators and knowledge of technology were not dominant. Both Sergei Pavlovich Korolev, who closely monitored the preparations, and the leaders of the Defense Department of the CPSU Central Committee, who oversaw space developments, and the leaders of the Ministry of General Engineering and the Ministry of Defense understood perfectly well that the first cosmonaut should become the face of our state, worthily representing the Motherland in the international arena. Probably, it was precisely these reasons that forced the choice in favor of Gagarin, whose kind face and open soul conquered everyone with whom he had to communicate. And the last word went to Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev, who was at that time the First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee. When they brought him photographs of the first cosmonauts, he chose Gagarin without hesitation.
3 presenter: But for this to happen, Gagarin and his comrades had to go through a year-long journey, filled with endless training in deaf and hyperbaric chambers, in centrifuges, and in other simulators. Experiment after experiment followed, parachute jumps were replaced by flights on fighter jets, on training aircraft, on a flying laboratory into which the Tu-104 was converted.
4 presenter: But now all this is behind us and the day has come on April 12, 1961. Only the initiated knew what was about to happen on this ordinary spring day. Even fewer people knew who was destined to turn the entire history of mankind upside down and quickly burst into the aspirations and thoughts of mankind, forever remaining in memory as the first person to overcome gravity.
1 presenter: On April 12, 1961, at 9:07 am Moscow time, the Vostok spacecraft launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome with pilot-cosmonaut Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin on board. After just 108 minutes, the cosmonaut landed near the village of Smelovki in the Saratov region. The first flight lasted only 108 minutes, but these minutes were destined to become stellar in Gagarin’s biography.
2 presenter: For his flight, Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin was awarded the titles Hero of the Soviet Union and "Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR", and was awarded the Order of Lenin.
3 presenter: Two days later, Moscow welcomed the space hero. A crowded rally dedicated to the world's first space flight took place on Red Square. Thousands of people wanted to see Gagarin with their own eyes.
4 presenter: Already at the end of April, Yuri Gagarin went on his first trip abroad. The “peace mission,” as the first cosmonaut’s trip across countries and continents is sometimes called, lasted two years. Gagarin visited dozens of countries and met with thousands of people. Kings and presidents, politicians and scientists, artists and musicians considered it an honor to meet him.
1 presenter: The collection of awards that Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin received during these trips is impressive. Here is a far from complete list of them:
- Hero of Socialist Labor of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
- Hero of Socialist Labor of the People's Republic of Bulgaria
- Hero of Labor of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.
- Order of Georgiy Dimitrov
- Order "Grunwald Cross, 1st degree" (By lsha)
- Order of Playa Giron (Cuba))
- Order of the Banner of the Hungarian People's Republic, 1st class with diamonds
- Order of the Necklace of the Nile (United Arab Republic).
- Large African Star Ribbon (Liberi) I)
- Order of Karl Marx (GDR).
- Star II degree (Indonesia).
- Gold badge of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Finland
- Gold Medal of the British Interplanetary Society ny
- Aeronautical Merit Medal of the Brazilian Air Force
- Av Government Commemorative Gold Medal with trii
- Gold medal named after K.E. Tsiolkovsky
- Medal de Laveau of the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale.
- Gold medal and honorary diploma of the International Association "Man in Space".
- Gold medal and honorary diploma of the Italian Cosmonautics Association.
- Gold Medal "For Outstanding Distinction" and an honorary diploma from the Royal Aero Club of Sweden.
- Large gold medal and diploma of the International Aviation Federation.
- Gold medal of the city of Saint-Denis (France).
- Columbus Medal (Italy).
- 2 presenter: In addition, Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin was awarded the Galaber Prize in astronautics, elected an honorary citizen of the Russian cities of Kaluga, Novocherkassk, Smolensk, Saratov, the Ukrainian cities of Vinnitsa, Sevastopol, the Azerbaijani city of Sumgait, the Bulgarian cities of Sofia, Pernik, Plovdiv, the Greek city of Athens, and Cypriot cities Famagusta, Limassol, the French city of Saint-Denis, the Czech city of Trenchaske Teplice,
- 3 presenter: Honorary member of the International Academy of Astronautics (since 1966). Life Member of the Space Explorers Club, Faculty of Physics, University of Lucknow. Honorary Chief of the Liberian Kpelle Tribe. He was given the golden keys to the gates of the Egyptian cities of Cairo and Alexandria for eternal safekeeping.
4 presenter: Yuri Alekseevich devoting a lot of time work at the Cosmonaut Training Center. Since May 23, 1961, Gagarin has been the commander of the cosmonaut corps. And already in the fall of 1961, he entered the N.E. Zhukovsky Air Force Engineering Academy to receive a higher education.
1 presenter: The following years were very tense in Gagarin's life. Work on preparing new space flights and studying at the Academy took up a lot of time and effort. And there were (simply could not help but be!) numerous meetings with Soviet people, trips abroad, meetings with journalists. Their number did not decrease even though the number of astronauts increased.
2 presenter: On December 20, 1963, Gagarin was appointed deputy head of the Cosmonaut Training Center.
3 presenter: But most of all he wanted to fly. He returned to flight training in 1963, and began preparing for a new space flight in the summer of 1966. In those years, the implementation of the “lunar program” began in the Soviet Union. Gagarin became one of those who began to prepare for the flight to the Moon. It’s not hard to guess how he wanted to be the first to go to our eternal companion. But that was still a long way off. For now, it was necessary to teach the Soyuz spacecraft to fly. The first test flight in a manned version was scheduled for April 1967. Vladimir Mikhailovich Komarov and Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin were preparing for it.
4 presenter: The fact that Komarov became the main pilot of the ship does not mean that he was better prepared. When this issue was being resolved, they decided to “save” Gagarin and not risk his life.
1 presenter: P flight of the Soyuz-1 spacecraftended in tragedy, pilot-cosmonaut Vladimir Komarov died. Speaking at a funeral meeting dedicated to the memory of Vladimir Komarov, his backup Yuri Gagarin promised that the cosmonauts would teach Soyuz to fly. In the end, this is what happened - the Soyuz are still flying. But this was done without Yuri Gagarin.
2 presenter: 1968 was the last year in Gagarin's life. On February 17, he defended his diploma at the N.E. Zhukovsky Academy. He continued to prepare for new space flights.
3 presenter: With great difficulty, I obtained permission to fly the plane myself. The first such flight took place on March 27, 1968. And the last one... The plane crashed near the village of Novoselovo, Kirzhach district, Vladimir region.
4 presenter: The circumstances of that disaster have not been fully clarified. There are many versions, ranging from piloting error to alien intervention. But no matter what happened that day, only one thing is clear - the first cosmonaut of planet Earth, Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin, died.
1 presenter: Three days later, the world said goodbye to its hero. Speaking at a funeral meeting on Red Square, President of the USSR Academy of Sciences M.V. Keldysh said:
2 presenter: “Gagarin’s feat was a tremendous contribution to science; it opened a new era in the history of mankind - the beginning of human space flights, the road to interplanetary communications. The whole world appreciated this historical feat as a new grandiose contribution of the Soviet people to the cause of peace and progress.”
3 presenter: A crater on the Moon and a small planet are named after Gagarin.
4 presenter: Gagarin's flight lasted only 108 minutes, but it is not the number of minutes that determines the contribution to the history of space exploration. He was the first and will remain so forever.
(Clip: “What a Guy He Was”)
1 presenter : Since the first manned space flight, 520 astronauts have visited beyond the Earth, among them55 women.. The planet's astronauts spent outsideEarthover 10,000 man-days, including more than 100 man-daysspacewalks. Representatives from 36 countries visited the Earth's orbit.
2 presenter : Russia rightfully bears the title of the world's leading space power
3 presenter : Yuri Gagarin - the first cosmonaut on the planet
4 presenter : Alexey Leonov - the first cosmonaut to walk into outer space
1 presenter : Valentina Tereshkova - the first female cosmonaut
2 presenter : Svetlana Savitskaya is the first female cosmonaut to go into outer space
3 presenter : German Titov was the youngest to go into space; he made his flight at the age of 25 on a ship"Vostok-2".
4 presenter : Valery Polyakov worked the longest in space within one flight - 438 days.
1 presenter : Sergey Krikalev has the longest total flight time in space - 803 days
From this year, Cosmonautics Day will be celebrated all over the world. The UN General Assembly declared April 12 as International Day of Human Space Flight to commemorate the beginning of the space age for mankind and in tribute to common successes in the exploration of the universe.
1 presenter : Every day the scope of applied space exploration is expanding more and more.
2 presenter : Weather service, navigation, life and forest rescue, worldwide television, all-encompassing communications, ultra-pure medicines and semiconductors from orbit,
3 presenter : The most advanced technology is both today and the very near future of astronautics. And ahead are power plants in space, the removal of harmful industries from the surface of the planet, factories in low-Earth orbit and the Moon. And many many others.
4 presenter : Cosmonautics is vital for all humanity!
Sergei Sobyanin: Good evening, dear friends. I am sure that not all representatives of the rocket and space industry and Moscow enterprises are here. In general, tens of thousands of people work in this industry in Moscow. And Igor Anatolyevich Komarov and I (General Director of the state corporation for space activities "Roscosmos") This year we decided to invite you to the main Kremlin hall, the main hall of our country, to say thank you and congratulate you on your professional holiday.
In fact, this is not just some narrow professional holiday. 60 years have passed since the rocket and space era began its history. This industry is one of the main, I would say, probably the main leading scientific and technical industries of our country, which determines the development of science, technology, our country’s place in the world, and sets the direction for the development of many, many industries. And of course, this industry is also a dream, a dream of millions of people who wanted to break out of limits, go into space, and fulfill the dream of humanity.
Of course, this is also the industry that provides us with protection and defense. Without you, without your inventions, technologies, missiles, our country would definitely not feel safe. It is the fusion of Russian atom and Russian space that ensures blue and peaceful skies.
And the Russian industry is, of course, people, it’s you who are here, in this room, people who gave their whole lives, all their talents and skills, in order to create unique devices, unique technologies. Thank you very much!
This industry has not always developed evenly. Once upon a time, all the possibilities of our country were aimed at its development. There were also years when it was simply on the verge of collapse. An example of this is our space pavilion at VDNKh. I came a few years ago, I’ve seen a lot of things in my life, but what I saw there simply shocked me to the core. When, against the backdrop of Gagarin’s portrait, grandmothers in sweatshirts were selling seedlings and brooms. Several years have passed, and I hope that on April 12 we will open the new Cosmos pavilion together with the Russian space corporation Roscosmos with the full support of the President of the country. This will be one of the best space pavilions in the world. So I invite you.
We see that the industry is getting back on its feet and starting to develop. Just remember the launch of the Vostochny cosmodrome. These are world-class events. And I am sure that our space industry has a great future. I am confident that our Moscow enterprises will survive and develop. On behalf of the Muscovites, I wanted to thank you and congratulate you on your wonderful holiday! Happy holiday, friends!
Igor Komarov: Dear Colleagues! Dear friends! Dear veterans! I congratulate you on our holiday - Happy Cosmonautics Day! It has become a good tradition to celebrate this holiday here in the Kremlin, I hope this tradition will continue. I want to express my gratitude to the Moscow Government and the Mayor of our capital, Sergei Semenovich Sobyanin, for this evening.
Indeed, this holiday opened a new page and a new era in the life of not only our country, but also humanity. And Sergei Semenovich quite rightly said that in life we have lived through different eras, and I wanted to say that the symbol of the Moscow Government’s attention to our problems is indeed VDNKh and the Space Pavilion. I was there recently, and we were a few years ago. Of course, the feeling that was, on the one hand, in childhood, when one of the most vivid impressions was visiting VDNKh, and especially the Space pavilion, and what Sergei Semenovich talks about - with seeds, with the sale of seedlings in this pavilion. It was truly amazing, and many did not believe that the pavilion could receive a rebirth, but indeed a lot was done.
And just the other day, having visited the pavilion, I realized the colossal work that was done by both the city services and the Moscow City Hall, I want to say that, indeed, the industrial enterprises did not let us down. And I wanted to thank the enterprises of Moscow and other cities that provided unique exhibits.
It was obvious that you cared about them being in good condition. Indeed, our history was reflected in this pavilion. And I think that the work that was done by both the Moscow City Hall and Sergei Semenovich personally will be appreciated not only among us and the workers of the Moscow rocket and space industry, but also from the whole country. And of course, you should definitely visit this pavilion.
I want to say that the Cosmonautics Day holiday is a day of a big breakthrough. Thanks to the feat of Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin, who provided jobs for hundreds of thousands, millions of people on Earth, the Russian language became the first language in space. And by the way, it is still mandatory for knowledge on the International Space Station.
If we talk about this year, it is special for us: we are celebrating 20 years of the International Space Station - the greatest high-tech project in low-Earth orbit, in which 15 countries participate, and I must say that this project is not only the necessary experience, but we are confident which is the basis. And we will definitely take a step. And we are discussing projects for a cislunar station, and subsequently - the formation of a lunar base, our flights both to Mars and into deep space. We will definitely do all this with you.
I want to congratulate you on the holiday, which is not only a holiday for space industry workers, but also for all those who love space! Dear friends! I want to wish you happiness and success, prosperity to you and your loved ones! Happy holiday!
Sections: Extracurricular activities
Form: oral journal.
Goals:
- Introduce students to the biographies of the pioneers of the space age, who are examples of hard work and perseverance in achieving goals.
- Expand students' understanding of the first steps in space.
- Encourage students to study relevant literature to broaden their horizons.
1. Consider the main stages of the development of astronautics.
2. To draw attention to the history of space victories not only among older, but also younger schoolchildren, and instill patriotism.
3. Consolidate the acquired knowledge on the quiz questions.
The presenters open the magazine, then announce each subsequent page of the magazine.
Design of each page: student speech, showing the presentation “The History of Space Victories.” (Annex 1).
Equipment: portraits of the first cosmonauts; photographs of the first cosmonaut squad; multimedia projector.
How did people in ancient times imagine the Earth and heaven?
Host: The ancient Greeks thought that the Earth was flat and like a huge dish. On this dish there are mountains and plains, rivers and lakes. From above, an unusual dish covers the vault of heaven. Some peoples believed that the Earth lay on three mighty giant elephants. Our Slavic ancestors believed that the heavens and Earth were like an egg laid by a huge “cosmic bird”. What heroes of fairy tales and ancient legends didn’t go to heaven on! And on golden chariots, and on fast arrows, even on bats! (Slide 2) Aladdin flew on a magic flying carpet, Baba Yaga flew over the earth on a mortar, Ivanushka was carried on the wings of swan geese. Centuries passed and people managed to conquer the airspace of the Earth. But humanity dreamed of flights not only in the air, but also in outer space, about which the great Russian scientist and poet Mikhail Lomonosov said this:
An abyss has opened
Full of stars
There are no numbers for the stars
The bottom of the abyss!
Nikolai Ivanovich Kibalchich
Presenter: Russia made a significant contribution to the development of space technologies, which allowed man to begin the conquest of the Universe. The country began theoretical research on the design and use of military missiles in the mid-19th century. In this regard, mention should be made of the Russian inventor and revolutionary Nikolai Ivanovich Kibalchich. ( Slide 3) 80 years before the first manned flight into space, he developed a project for a rocket aircraft. The work was carried out under very tragic circumstances. The fact is that Kibalchich was sentenced to death for participating in the attempt on the life of Tsar Alexander II. In prison, awaiting execution, he outlined in five pages the idea of a spaceship with a jet engine that would help humanity go into space (March 23, 1881). According to his plan, the engine of the aircraft was to be powered by gunpowder pressed into “cylindrical bombs”. The inventor did not have the ability to carry out complex mathematical calculations. He focused his main attention on presenting the essence of his idea. The main difference between Kibalchich’s project and others was that his “aeronautical device” could move even in vacuum. Of course, the proposed project had shortcomings and errors. But that's not the main thing. The main thing is that at that time there was no theory of rocket propulsion. But there was a project by 27-year-old Kibalchich! The only thing he asked the court to do was to submit his work to scientists for examination. However, this request was not granted. For 37 years no one knew about the project he created. Only in 1918, when dismantling the secret archive of the tsarist secret police in the case of the executed Narodnaya Volya member N.I. Kibalchich, the “Project of an aeronautical instrument” was found. And he entered the history of human penetration into space forever. It came as a technical insight, as a great victory of the human spirit.
Tsiolkovsky Konstantin Eduardovich
Presenter: The outstanding Russian scientist Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky made an invaluable contribution to the development of rocket and space technology. ( Slide4) His interests included many scientific problems, but the main ones were the exploration of world space and interplanetary travel. The plans of the self-taught scientist were truly cosmic in scope. Funds for equipment and experiments came from the family budget. The goal of Tsiolkovsky’s entire life, by his own admission, was to do “something useful for people and move humanity at least a little forward.”
He dedicated his entire life to the dream of overcoming gravity, of the complete absence of gravity. . Tsiolkovsky K.E. said: “Humanity will not remain on Earth, it will conquer the solar space.” “But a person will fly relying not on the strength of his muscles, but on the strength of his mind,” the scientist added. Tsiolkovsky proved that space exploration can only be done with the help of a rocket! He developed the theory of the rocket, proposed the use of liquid fuel for rockets, thought through the design of the rocket and derived the basic formula for rocket motion. In addition, he predicted that there would be a real space home permanently located in outer space, where astronauts would live for a long time, doing research!
Friedrich Arturovich Zander
Presenter: At the beginning of the 20th century, the research of another inventor, Yuri Vasilyevich Kondratyuk, took place. In the book “Conquest of Interplanetary Space,” he first put forward the idea of creating a multi-stage rocket running on oxygen-hydrogen fuel. Flights beyond the atmosphere could not be accomplished without jet engines. And in 1921, with the assistance of Nikolai Ivanovich Tikhomirov, the designer of the first domestic combat missiles, a special laboratory for the development of rocket engines was formed. Soon a new engineer, Valentin Petrovich Glushko, appeared in it, who headed experiments with rocket engines running on liquid fuel.
Presenter: The next stage in the development of the theory and practice of rocket science is associated with the name of Friedrich Arturovich Zander. (Slide 5). He began working in the field of interplanetary communications back in 1906. Researched, studied and tested everything that could be useful in space flight. He even grew cabbage in crushed charcoal: after all, the flight could last for many years, which means that care should be taken about the astronauts’ diet. Why in coal? Coal is much lighter than earthen soil, so the entire greenhouse weighs less than one garden bed. In flight, where every gram counts, this is very important. Today, the method of growing plants on board is known as aeroponics. In May 1910, he came up with an original idea about the possibility of connecting the Earth and the Moon with a cable. He immediately made mathematical calculations that showed the impossibility of the practical implementation of the idea. However, the term “space elevator” has already gained its right to life. Nowadays, in the scientific literature there are quite a large number of proposals for all kinds of space tugs, cables, etc. “The time will come,” said Friedrich Arturovich, “and powerful jet ships at cosmic speed will head to other worlds of the Universe.” He sought to convey this belief in the victory of human genius in his lectures and reports. “Engineer F.A. Zander will make a report about a new ship he has invented that solves the problem of flying into outer space.” In the 20s of the last century, such advertisements could be read in many cities of the country.
In July 1922, F.A. Zander even took a year off from work, during which he developed a project for an airplane ship. In 1931, the Jet Propulsion Study Group (abbreviated GIRD) began working in Moscow. An active promoter of the flight to Mars, he became one of its organizers. Future rocket creators also worked here - engineers Sergei Pavlovich Korolev, Mikhail Klavdievich Tikhonravov, aerodynamicist Vladimir Petrovich Vetchinkin. The group worked in conditions of constant shortage of materials and tools, there were not enough measuring instruments, and the wages were paid meagerly. As a joke, GIRD began to be deciphered as “a group of engineers working for nothing.” Zander worked tirelessly. Sometimes he did not leave his workplace for days, periodically refreshing himself with crackers, a bag with which hung on a nail next to his desk. Korolev even issued a humorous order obliging the last employee to leave the building to take with him Friedrich Arturovich, fanatically devoted to his work. This close-knit group found engineering solutions that had no analogues in world practice. Among the jet engines and rockets they created was the famous liquid fuel rocket called GIRD-X. On November 25, 1933, this two-meter rocket took off into the air and, picking up speed, disappeared into the clouds. Its engine ran for only 22 seconds, but this flight proved that man will pave the way to the stars.
Korolev Sergey Pavlovich
Presenter: All Tsiolkovsky’s ideas were brought to life by Sergei Pavlovich Korolev. ( Slide 6). Academician S.P. Korolev has never been in space. But he was well aware of the unusual conditions of outer space. For dozens of years he pondered his ideas from those unforgettable minutes when he discovered the works of Tsiolkovsky, when for the first time as a young man he lifted into the sky a glider of his own design, when he launched the first rocket in his life. Friends of his youth, designers of the first rockets and aircraft, who later became famous scientists, worked next to Korolev. Working with them were hundreds of young designers, engineers, “hot heads” technicians, ready to discuss any idea for days, weeks, months, as long as it took for a new one to be born in a previously empty place. After all, at that time there were no examples, no samples in all world technology! The famous wheel was even easier to invent than this one... how can we call it... a starship, a rocket ship... “A ship - let’s call it that,” Sergei Pavlovich once said to his comrades. Spaceship". And he explained: the spacecraft will go into outer space, just like a sea ship goes into the ocean. But here everything is much more complicated than in the ocean. The main thing is that human life must be safe. Therefore, not the slightest mistake should happen.
In the spring of 1955, in a desert area near the Tyura-Tam junction (Kazakhstan), under a veil of the strictest secrecy, construction began on the future Baikonur Cosmodrome. It was necessary to lift about a million cubic meters of soil and lay over 30 thousand cubic meters of concrete, to build the priority facilities of the first space harbor. The work was carried out around the clock. And by the beginning of December, military builders handed over the launch facility for installation of launch equipment.
Before SP. Korolev and his associates were given the task: to create a rocket that would rise into space. Scientists decided that it was not necessary to launch the entire ship into orbit, but only its head part, which would fly in space. At the beginning of 1957, the rocket, designated R-7, was ready for testing. On May 15, this 273-ton colossus was supposed to take off into the sky from the launch site of the test site. Everyone hoped for success. However, almost immediately after the command to start the propulsion system passed, a fire broke out in the tail compartment of one of the side blocks. The rocket exploded.
The first artificial Earth satellite (AES)
Host: But time passed quickly. Space rockets were tested not only here, but also in the United States of America. Everyone was in a hurry. Both countries wanted to be first. The so-called space race began. Finally, on August 21, 1957, a Soviet rocket successfully launched into space. October 4, 1957 an event occurred that shocked the whole world - the first artificial Earth satellite (AES) was launched at 22 hours 28 minutes 34 seconds Moscow time from the Baikonur cosmodrome (Slide7 This was the first body created by man that did not fall to the Earth, but began to revolve around it. Its weight was 83.6 kg, the body had the shape of a ball with a diameter of 0.58 meters. The equipment and power supplies were located in a sealed housing.
The launch had a stunning effect on the Americans. After all, back in 1948 they loudly declared that they would be the first to create a satellite. And then they will begin to create a rocket that will fly into space with a person on board. We were ahead. People left their houses in the evenings, trying to see a small star in the sky, listening to the broadcast. In order to hear the “voice” of the first-born in space, our designers proposed installing the Anthem of the Soviet Union on the satellite as a sound signal, but S.P. Korolev abandoned this idea, and the world heard the usual signals: “Beep-beep-beep...” The satellite existed in orbit for 92 days, made 1440 revolutions around the Earth and covered about 60 million km. During his work, various information was collected about the upper layers of the atmosphere and the propagation of radio signals in the ionosphere. When on January 4, 1958, it burned out at an altitude of about 500 km and someone made a wish, mistaking it for a falling star, our second device was already flying in orbit. And only a month later - in February 1958 - the United States launched its first satellite. In mid-1958, the Nobel Committee decided to award the prize to the creators of the world's first artificial Earth satellite. To a request from Stockholm: who is the author and chief designer of the spacecraft? The head of the USSR Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev replied that “the creator of new technology is the entire Soviet people.” The world in those years never learned the names of its secret heroes...
Biological satellite
Presenter: On November 3, 1957, the world's first biological satellite launched from the cosmodrome, in the sealed cabin of which there was an ordinary mongrel Laika. (Slide 8) The dog got its nickname because it had the habit of barking especially often - demandingly and loudly. The flight showed that in conditions of weightlessness a living creature can live and work for a long time. Before Laika, 42 dogs on rockets made a total of 29 flights into the upper atmosphere. After her, there were 10 more on six spaceships. In total, 53 four-legged friends of man experienced the effects of space, 20 of them, unfortunately, paid for it with their lives.
Host: The New Year 1959 brought another victory in space exploration. On January 2, at 19 hours 41 minutes 21 seconds Moscow time, the Luna-1 spacecraft launched. For the first time in the world, the Vostok launch vehicle, created at the S.P. Queen, we managed to overcome the force of gravity and carry the earth’s body into space. “Luna-1” was supposed to become an artificial satellite of the Moon, but, having passed 6000 km from our natural satellite, it became the first artificial planet - an artificial satellite of the Sun - called “Dream”.
In January 1960, flight tests of the R-7 (Vostok) missile were completed, and it entered service with the Strategic Missile Forces. Preparations for manned space flight have begun. The rocket, 38.76 mm long, had a launch weight of 287 tons and could “carry” almost 5 tons of payload into low-Earth orbit.
Presenter: On August 19, 1960, simple mongrels Belka and Strelka are the “owners” of the third “East” ( Slide 9) - together with other crew members (two white rats, 40 mice and many fruit flies) became famous throughout the world.
The real names of these dogs are Albina and Marquise. But at that time, some people thought they were bourgeois and not suitable for Soviet cosmonaut dogs, so their names were changed to the well-known Belka and Strelka. During the flight, the dogs wore spacesuits - red and green. Sensors of the most complex medical and biological equipment monitored all changes in the animals’ bodies. Having made 18 revolutions around the Earth, they not only endured enormous cosmic overloads, but also returned safely to Earth and even brought healthy offspring. One of Strelka's puppies, Pushinka, was given to the wife of US President Jacqueline Kennedy.
Gagarin Yuri Alekseevich
Presenter: In our country, the decision to select people and prepare them for space flight was made on January 5, 1959. The main and controversial question here was: what profession should they have? The doctors argued that it was necessary to recruit candidates for the flight only from doctors, since they know how to sacrifice themselves to save others. Space technology engineers believed that a person from among them should fly into space, since he knew the ship well, made it, and therefore should test its operation under space flight conditions. Even divers made claims, either jokingly or seriously hinting at the similarity of the work of an astronaut in a space suit with their work in water with weight loss. Or maybe because the Greek word “cosmonaut” is literally translated into Russian as “navigator in the Universe.” In the USA, England, France and other countries they are called astronauts, which translated means approximately the same thing - astronauts (“astro” - “star”). As a result, the choice fell on fighter pilots. Of all the professions on Earth, they are truly closer to space: they fly at high altitudes in special suits, endure overloads, know how to jump with a parachute, communicate with command posts and among themselves, are resourceful, disciplined, know jet aircraft well, and in general they are military People.
Presenter: In the summer of 1959, a medical commission specially created from military doctors began selecting candidates for cosmonauts in aviation units. What requirements were placed on them? Firstly, excellent health with a double or triple safety margin. Secondly, a sincere desire to engage in a new and dangerous business. Thirdly, the ability for creative, research work. And fourthly, they had to meet certain parameters: age - 25-30 years, height -170-175 cm, weight - 70-72 kg, and no more!
The selection of candidates for space flight was very strict. Out of three thousand fighter pilots, experts selected only 20 people. They were eliminated mercilessly. Even for the slightest discrepancy in the body, which the pilot himself did not know about. For comparison: a year earlier, out of 508 test pilots, the Americans selected only 7 people into the astronaut corps.
In March 1960, future cosmonauts began training. Initially, they took place in Moscow at the former Central Airfield named after. M.V. Frunze, and then they were given a wonderful place in the Moscow region, built a town and called it Star.
The astronauts were engaged in daily preparation and hardening, conducted training flights on airplanes, monitored the state of the body, tested in hyperbaric chambers, thermal chambers and soundproofing chambers, rotated in a centrifuge, and conducted short-term (30-40 seconds) flights in zero gravity. Doctors believed that in unusual conditions, astronauts might experience psychological or physiological breakdowns. In addition, much attention was paid to theoretical studies in astronomy, celestial mechanics, rocketry, the design and operation of the Vostok spacecraft and its various systems.
On August 30, 1960, the Soviet government approved the Regulations on USSR Cosmonauts, legalizing the new profession. The very first cosmonaut was a certain Ivan Ivanovich. In March 1961, he made two flights alternately with the dogs Chernushka and Zvezdochka on the 6th and 7th Vostok ships. And they called Ivan Ivanovich a mannequin in an orange jumpsuit, sent by scientists into space. After returning from orbit, he looked quite “healthy,” which greatly contributed to the decision to send a living person into space.
There were 18 days left before the first man flew from planet Earth into outer space. In the created corps of cosmonauts, one of the best was Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin. ( Slide 10)
Students' message about Gagarin's autobiography. (Appendix 2)
Presenter: A man with such a simple biography was destined to open the way to space. The state commission appointed Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin as the pilot-cosmonaut of the satellite ship (as it was officially called in those years). On April 12, 1961, at 9:18 am Moscow time, for the first time in the world, an artificial Earth satellite was launched into orbit - the Vostok spacecraft with a person on board. ( Slide 11-12) The highest flight altitude is 327 km. It passed through the earth's orbit for only 108 minutes.
For a whole 108 minutes, man admired the Earth from space for the first time!
Gagarin said into the microphone: “What a beautiful earthly horizon!” Yuri Alekseevich saw not only how beautiful the Earth is, but also how small and fragile it is. ( Slide 13)
“People, take care of the Earth!” - he repeated many times later, after the flight into space.
The ship made one revolution around the Earth and landed on a field near the village of Smelovka, Ternovsky (now Engelsky) district, Saratov region. At an altitude of several kilometers, Gagarin ejected and landed with a parachute not far from the descent module.
Yuri Gagarin brought glory to our Motherland. We can be proud of him. Cities, streets, squares and even flowers were named in honor of the first cosmonaut of the Earth! There was not a single newspaper or magazine in the world that would not have published a portrait of the first cosmonaut on the planet. Everyone remembers his charming face, open smile, clear gaze. This day went down in human history as the beginning of a new era - the era of human space flight. How the whole world rejoiced! “Citizen of the Universe” - that’s what people called Gagarin on all continents of the Earth. Every year on April 12, our country celebrates a wonderful holiday - Cosmonautics Day.
In a work suit, just like he was.
In sight of the Volga, familiar to him,
He stepped onto the plowed ground
And he walked, trampling the clods.
I looked at the copses and arable lands.
Earth! And her appearance has not changed.
Today he took off into space from it,
Today I returned to it.
The clouds are still flying low,
The pine trees still guard the sky.
Still the same day
Hours are still the same measure...
Only a hundred have passed
A little over a hundred minutes.
And on Earth there is already a different era,
Which is called cosmic!
Space Pioneers
Presenter: After Gagarin’s flight, the conquest of space began at a different pace. Just four years later, it became clear that man could work in outer space. On August 6-7, 1961, he flew into space on the Vostok-2 spacecraft. German Titov. It made 17 orbits around the Earth. This was the world's first multi-orbit flight.
From June 14 to 19 and from June 16 to 19, 1963, two ships were again in space: Vostok-5, piloted by Valery Bykovsky, and Vostok-6, on which the world's first female cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova flew. (Slide 14) This joint flight lasted 70 hours. Tereshkova made 48 orbits around the Earth, being in orbit for three days, and returned safely to Earth. ( Slide 15). A crater on the far side of the Moon, a minor planet and a star are named after Valentina Tereshkova.
Presenter: From October 12 to October 13, 1964, the first multi-seat spacecraft, Voskhod, ascended into low-Earth orbit. There were three people on board: commander Vladimir Komarov, doctor Boris Egorov and scientist Konstantin Feoktistov . (Slide 16). For the first time, people from different specialties worked in space to conduct observations and study of outer space.
Presenter: The development of astronautics largely depends on the possibility of active human activity in outer space. The first step in this direction was taken during the flight of the Voskhod-2 spacecraft by cosmonauts Pavel Ivanovich Belyaev and Alexei Arkhipovich Leonov. (Slide 17). The Voskhod-2 spacecraft, launched into low-Earth orbit on March 18, 1965, was equipped with an airlock chamber and equipment for human entry into outer space. In flight, at an altitude of about 500 km, cosmonaut A. Leonov, in a special space suit with an autonomous life support system, entered outer space for the first time in the history of astronautics . (Slide18). He was outside the airlock for 12 minutes, moving away from the ship at a distance of up to 5 meters. The cosmonaut completed the planned work and carried out technical observations. The ship's flight lasted 26 hours. Its landing was carried out using a manual control system. The experiment confirmed the possibility of a person staying in outer space and fully maintaining his performance in special equipment.
Host: America was shocked by the successes of the USSR in space exploration. A month and a half after Gagarin’s launch on May 25, 1961, American President John Kennedy called on the US Congress and the American people to commit themselves to making a manned flight to the Moon with a landing of a man on its surface by 1970.( Slide19) The Americans decided to implement a grandiose lunar program called “Apollo”. On July 20, 1969, at 23:17:42 Moscow time, three American astronauts “landed” in the Sea of Tranquility. After 6.5 hours, first Neil Armstrong, and 15 minutes later Edwin Aldrin left the cabin of the ship and went “on a lunar walk.” They stayed on the surface of the Moon for more than two hours. We installed the American flag and scientific instruments, held a two-minute communication session with US President Nixon, and collected about 25 kg of soil. On the landing stage of the lunar module that remained on the surface of the Moon, a sign was attached with a Map of the Earth’s hemispheres engraved on it and the words: “Here people from planet Earth first set foot on the Moon. July 1969 AD. We come in peace on behalf of all Mankind.” After a seven-hour rest, the astronauts turned on the take-off stage engine and launched from the Moon. The long-awaited flight, which lasted 8 days 3 hours 18 minutes, was successfully completed. During subsequent landings on the Moon, astronauts traveled on it in an electric vehicle.
How many people have left their footprints in the dust of the lunar valleys? Ask your friends this question, and you will hear the answer: two... four... And there were 12 of them! And 24 people flew around the Moon! In total, American astronauts spent 300 hours on the Moon, including 81 hours outside the cabin, directly on its surface.
Unlike the Americans, our scientists decided to explore the Moon using automation. The Soviet automatic station “Luna-16” landed on the Moon in the Sea of Plenty, took a sample of lunar soil on command and returned to Earth (September 1970). Later, a similar station, Luna-20, delivered a sample to Earth from a mountainous region of the Moon, where cosmonauts could not reach (February 1972). For almost a year (from November 17, 1970 to September 30, 1971), the world’s first extraterrestrial vehicle, Lunokhod-1, operated on the Moon in the Sea of Rains. "(Slide20) He examined 80,000 square meters. m of the lunar surface, studied the properties of the soil at hundreds of points, and performed a chemical analysis of its composition at 25 points. The Lunokhod television installations, controlled from the Earth, transmitted over 200 panoramas and 20,000 photographs of the surface of our satellite. A laser reflector mounted on the top of Lunokhod 1 made it possible to accurately determine the distance to it. In 1973, Lunokhod 2 was landed in the Sea of Clarity, at the bottom of the Lemonnier crater with a diameter of 55 km ( Slide 21). He covered 37 km - almost four times more than Lunokhod 1 - studying the relief and properties of the soil.
Docking in space
Host: In 1975, two world powers - the Soviet Union and the United States of America - adopted the ASTP program - the Apollo-Soyuz experimental flight. On July 17, 1675, the two ships docked. Astronauts A. Leonov, V. Kubasov and astronauts T. Stafferd, D. Slayton, W. Braundt shook hands in orbit. (Slide 22)
Space stations "Mir" and ISS
Presenter: The next step in the exploration of outer space was the emergence of orbital stations - large research complexes. Soviet orbital station "Mir", (Slide 23) launched into orbit on February 20, 1986, operated for 15 years. During this time, 104 cosmonauts visited Mir, and 109 spacecraft docked with the station. In 1998, Russia and the United States began construction of the ISS - International Space Station. This is a huge orbital complex, a laboratory for joint work of Russian and American space researchers. Cosmonauts and astronauts conduct research and perform experiments.
Women in space
Host: Space turned out to be a place not only for tough men. (Slide 24).
The second woman to go on a space flight only 19 years after Valentina Tereshkova was Svetlana Evgenievna Savitskaya. From August 19 to August 27, 1982, as a research cosmonaut, she flew on the Soyuz T-5, Soyuz T-7 spacecraft and the Salyut-7 orbital station. Two years later, on July 25, 1984, Svetlana Evgenievna became the first woman in the world to go into outer space, and the first to weld and cut metal there. Outside the Salyut-7 station, it worked for 3 hours and 35 minutes. Before becoming an astronaut, Svetlana set three world records in parachuting in group jumps from the stratosphere and 18 aviation records in jet aircraft. Two minor planets (asteroids) are named after her: No. 4118 (Sveta) and No. 4303 (Savitskaya).
Presenter: The third Russian female cosmonaut and the first woman to make a long flight into space was Elena Vladimirovna Kondakova. Her first flight into space took place on October 4, 1994 as part of the Soyuz TM-20 expedition, returning to Earth on March 22, 1995 after a 5-month flight at the Mir orbital station. For the second time, Kondakova flew as a specialist on the American spaceship Atlantis (shuttle) V as part of the Atlantis STS-84 expedition in May 1997. In total, 55 women cosmonauts and astronauts took part in space flights (as of June 16, 2010) (USA - 45, USSR and Russia - 3, Canada - 2, Japan - 2, UK - 1, France - 1, Republic of Korea - 1).
Space tourism
Host: Nowadays, space flights have become commonplace. Messages in newspapers and on television no longer surprise anyone. Today is characterized by new projects and plans for space exploration. Space tourism, which as a phenomenon already belongs to the 21st century, has begun to actively develop. ( Slide 25).
The concept of “space tourist” now means a person who intends to fly into space of his own free will, without assigning any tasks to him and, most importantly, for his own money. Having arrived at the station, the tourist can do business according to his personal program: write a book, compose music, conduct communication sessions with the earth. You can use some of the equipment, but not to the detriment of the astronauts’ planned work.
Transportation of space tourists is provided by Russian Soyuz spacecraft, which deliver them to the ISS (International Space Station).
Now the cost of such a trip is 20-25 million dollars.
Nevertheless, there are many people who want it. Representatives of Rosaviakosmos can now guarantee no more than 1-2 places per year.
Host: There are other projects for less wealthy tourists. For example, a project based on the Russian MIG 31 interceptor. For 10 thousand dollars, those interested will be transported to a height of 30 km, where the sky is completely black and from where you can look at the earth almost from the outside. In this case, a state of weightlessness is ensured within a minute.
The first space tourist was an American businessman of Italian origin, Dennis Tito. ( Slide 26).He visited the international space station ten years ago - April 28, 2001. During this time, about a dozen people visited the ISS. And the American billionaire of Hungarian origin, Charles Simonyi, has already flown into space twice.
The space agencies of the USA, Europe and Russia plan to engage in space tourism itself, organizing suborbital flights (at an altitude of 100-110 kilometers) on rocket planes. These will be regular tours - with guides and tourists. Anyone can make a two-hour flight in low-Earth orbit for $200,000. Already, about 300 people have booked such tickets.
Types of satellites and their role
Host: Nowadays, manned astronautics have again turned to the Moon. Particular interest in it arose after it was discovered that there was water at the poles. Therefore, many countries have returned to the idea of creating habitable stations on the Moon. At the beginning of the third millennium, almost all the planets of our solar system were explored by spacecraft from different countries.
What is the purpose of launching numerous satellites?
Is there any benefit from them to a person? It turns out there is, and quite a lot. According to their purpose, modern satellites are divided into telecommunications, meteorological, navigational, geophysical, astronomical, defense, scientific research satellites, etc. ( Slide 27)
Telecommunication satellites ensure the operation of satellite phones and other long-distance radio communications, the broadcast of television channels to any region of the planet, and the transmission of Internet data to any point on Earth. At the moment there are a lot of such satellites. So much that it becomes a problem for humanity.
Meteorological satellites are designed to predict weather conditions on Earth. They constantly transmit data to ground stations in the form of images of cloud, snow and ice covers of the Earth, information about the temperature components of the Earth's surface and various layers of the atmosphere, information about atmospheric pressure, the chemical composition of air, etc.
Navigation satellites are designed to quickly and accurately determine the location of an object (GPS system) on the planet. Thanks to the signals emitted by several dozen satellites, containing data about their position and exact time, you can calculate your position on Earth with an accuracy of several meters.
Geophysical satellites are designed to study the Earth's surface. They photograph the Earth, and geologists use the photographs to determine where on our planet there are rich deposits of oil, gas, and other minerals. With their help, radiation hazards are assessed, cosmic radiation is studied, the atmosphere is studied, the influence of solar activity on it, natural disasters are predicted, and much more.
Astronomical satellites are designed for exploring outer space. Because they fly above the upper atmosphere, the light emitted by distant stars is not distorted. These functions are currently performed by the Hubble Space Telescope. It was with its help that scientists discovered the asteroid Apophis, whose orbit intersects with the orbit of the Earth, and are now working on a plan to prevent its collision with the Earth. The damage that could occur as a result of such an impact is several times greater than that caused by the fall of the Tunguska meteorite.
Purpose defense satellites clear from the name. Since the early 70s of the last century, cameras have been installed on them that are capable of taking very good quality photographs. Infrared sensors are also used that respond to gases generated during the launch of even small rockets. Highly sensitive radio receivers listen to wide ranges of radio frequencies.
Research satellites are used to conduct all kinds of scientific research: biological, medical or engineering.
Spaceships and space stations, on which astronauts from around the world conduct various experiments, also belong to artificial satellites.
What awaits humanity in the 21st century? It's difficult to answer this question. Forecasts are capricious. And predicting the cosmic future is considered hopeless. Maybe soon we will establish contact with extraterrestrial civilizations. We will fly to visit them and “be friends with the planets.” Perhaps soon space travel will become as accessible as traveling by train or bicycle. And we will all fly there on excursions. Let the time soon come when anyone can go on a journey to distant planets! 2011 was declared the year of cosmonautics. ( Slide 28).
Teacher: To consolidate your knowledge, we will conduct a quiz.
16. Quiz
1. Which country’s national flag features the Sun?
a) Japan
b) France
c) Great Britain
d) Romania
2. Which celestial body always faces the Earth with one side?
a) Mercury
b) Moon
c) Mars
d) Sun
3. Which planet is named after the God of War?
a) Jupiter
b) Uranium
c) Saturn
d) Mars
4. Which celestial body eclipses the Sun when a solar eclipse occurs?
a) Moon
b) comet
c) Earth
d) asteroid
5. On which celestial body are there seas of Clarity, Tranquility and an Ocean of Storms?
a) Mars
b) Venus
c) Saturn
d) Moon
6. What are the names of the first dogs to fly into space?
a) Bee and Fly
b) Desik and Gypsy
c) Belka and Strelka
d) Laika and Bee
7. What is the name of the astronaut who first went into outer space?
a) Gagarin
b) Leonov
c) Tsiolkovsky
d) Korolev
8. What is the name of the ship on which Yu. Gagarin made his first flight into space?
a) Vostok-1
b) Soyuz-1
c) Apollo 1
d) Mercury-1
9. Which planet is called the morning or evening star?
a) Mercury
b) Venus
c) Mars
d) Saturn
10. What time period is determined by the rotation of the earth around its axis?
a) year
b) day
c) week
d) month
Result of the event
Teacher: Today we opened a few pages from the history of astronautics. We hope that you will continue to be interested in space, follow space achievements, observe celestial bodies and dream of flying into space.
