Consolidation of all settlements of the Bor municipal district into a single municipal entity with the status of an urban district. Consolidation of settlements Presentation on consolidation of settlements
local government
1. Settlement based on the priority of bringing local self-government bodies closer to the population.
Municipalities at the same time are All cities, towns, large rural settlements, etc. uniting small settlements.
2. Economic based on the fact that the criterion for creating a municipality is level of economic development, the presence of developed engineering and social infrastructure, which allows the provision of services to the population. In this case municipalities are
only large cities and rural areas.
3. Two-level municipalities are created in accordance with the administrative-territorial division of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Upper-level municipalities are created in large cities and rural areas, of which the territory of a given subject of the Russian Federation consists.
Municipalities lower level are created in settlements or
compact groups of settlements (small towns, villages) located within the borders upper level municipalities.
Territory of a subject of the Russian Federation
Urban
Municipal
Settlements Intersettlement territories
Urban Rural
Territories of municipalities
See: Federal Law dated October 6, 2003 No. 131 Federal Law
Article 10. Territories of municipalities
2. Boundaries of municipal territories
entities are established and amended by the laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in accordance with
requirements provided for in Articles 11 - 13 of this Federal Law.
Article 11. Boundaries of municipalities
1. Boundaries of municipalities
installed and changedin accordance with the following requirements:
1) the territory of a subject of the Russian Federation is delimited between settlements. Areas with low rural population density may not be included in settlement areas;
2) territories of all settlements, except for the territories of urban districts, and
occurring in areas with low population density intersettlement territories are included in
composition of municipal districts;
3) the territory of the settlement consists of historically formed lands of settlements, adjacent public lands, territories of traditional environmental management of the population of the corresponding settlement, recreational lands, lands for the development of the settlement;
Territory of the urban settlement:
a) one city (village) + territories intended to develop its infrastructure;
b) either a city (town) + towns and rural settlements , which are not municipal
formations + territories intended for
development of its infrastructure;
Territory of a rural settlement usually one rural locality (population more than 1000 people, for areas with high density more than 3000 people). Or several rural settlements with
population less than 1000/3000 people, united by a common
territory
Territory of a municipal district – territories of urban and rural settlements included in its composition + inter-settlement territory
Changing municipal boundaries
Federal Law dated October 6, 2003 No. 131-FZ Art. 12. Implemented
law of a subject of the Russian Federation.
Procedure options setting boundaries and transforming municipalities:
1st: definitions of boundaries and transformation of existing municipalities.
2nd: setting boundaries newly formed municipalities and giving them the appropriate status.
Initiators: population, local self-government bodies, state bodies of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, federal state bodies;
Transformation of municipalities (options)
Merging several municipalities into one
Division of one municipality into several independent municipalities
Changing the status of an urban settlement due to its being given the status of an urban district or being deprived of
its status as an urban district
Implemented by the laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation
(See: Federal Law dated October 6, 2003 No. 131-FZ Art. 13)
THE ROLE OF THE POPULATION AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT BODIES IN DECISION MAKING ON CHANGING THE BOUNDARIES (TRANSFORMATION) OF MUNICIPAL ENTITIES
1. The consent of the population and the decision of local government bodies (state authorities) are necessary.
Changing the boundaries of municipalities,entailing the attribution of the settlements (settlements) included in them to the territories of other municipalities(v. 12)
Consolidation of municipal districts entails change of boundaries other municipal entities (municipal districts, settlements, urban districts) (Part 4, Article 13);
Changes in the status of an urban settlement urban district And
separating it from the district (Part 7, Article 13);
Changes in the status of the urban district in connection with the granting of his status urban settlement and its inclusion in the district (clause 7, article 13);
Consolidation of settlements entails a change in the boundaries of other municipalities (Part 3, Article 13);
Settlement divisions, in the event of the formation of two or more settlements (Part 5, Article 13,).
Abolition of settlements in areas with low population density (Article 13.1)
2. A decision of local government bodies (state authorities) is necessary,
public opinion is taken into account
Changing the boundaries of municipal districts and settlements,not entailing the assignment of territories individual settlements and (or) settlements within them, respectively, to the territories of other municipal districts or settlements (Part 4, Article 12)
Merger of two or more municipal districts,not entailing changes in the boundaries of other municipalities (Article 13, paragraph 4)
Division of a municipal district (Part 6, Article 13)
Issues of transformation of municipal
education must be submitted to public hearings(part 3 of article 28, part.
1 tbsp. 83).
The consent of the population of municipalities is expressed by voting or at meetings.
Territorial organization is one of the most difficult issues of formation
local government systems in Russia
6. REPRESENTATIVE BODY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Presence in the structure of local government bodiesrepresentative body
municipality , head of municipality, local administration(executive and administrativemunicipal body) is mandatory,except for cases provided for by this Federal Law. (see Art. 35 131-FZ)
The procedure for formation, powers, term of office, accountability, control are determined by the Chartermunicipality. The names of the representative body are established by the law of the subject of the Russian Federation, taking into account historical and other local traditions
Representative body of the municipalitymay exercise his powers if at least 2/3 are elected from the established number of deputies (clause 1 of Article 35).
A meeting of the representative body of a municipality cannot be considered competent if less than50% of the number of elected deputies. Meetings of the representative body of the municipality are held at least once every three months (clause 1.1, article 35).
OPTIONS FOR FORMING A REPRESENTATIVE BODY OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT
1. Consists of deputies elected by the population in municipal elections
2.May consist of heads of settlements, incoming
V composition of the municipal district,
And from deputies of representative bodies specified settlements elected
representative bodies of settlements from their composition in accordance with an equal rate of representation regardless of the population size of the settlement
The representative body of the municipal district is formed in accordance with the second option, if such a decision, within 1 year from the date of putting forward the corresponding initiative, was supported by representative bodies of at least 2/3 of the settlements that are part of the municipal district. (Part 5 of Article 35 No. 131-FZ)
Number of deputiesrepresentative
settlement authority, including the city district, determined by the charter
municipal formation and depends on the population (Part 6, Article 35 No. 131-FZ)
Number of deputies representative body municipal district cannot have less than 15 people. (Part 7, Article 35 No. 131-FZ)
The number of deputies of the representative body of the intracity territory of a city of federal significance cannot be less than 10 people. (Part 8, Art. 35 No. 131-FZ)
Representative bodymunicipality has the rights of a legal entity. (Ibid. part 9)
Organization of activities of the representative bodymunicipality in accordance with the charter
municipality carried out by the head of the municipality, and if the specified official is the head of the local administration, - the chairman of the representative body of the municipality, elected by this body from among its members. (Ibid. Part 14)
Slide 2
Rural settlements. Rural population
Slide 3
Rural settlements are those located in rural areas, that is, in areas outside urban settlements. People living in rural settlements form the rural population of the country. Now it is 37 million people (26% of the total population of the country)
Slide 4
The main reason for the decline in the number of rural settlements is the development of urbanization.
Slide 5
In the years between the 1989 and 2002 censuses, for the first time in many decades, the number of rural residents and their share began to increase slightly. This growth was due to two reasons. Due to difficulties in the development of the country's economy during this period, a certain part of the townspeople moved to the countryside. Life here did not require such large expenses as in the city, and private farming allowed one to provide oneself with many food products
Slide 6
In addition, at this time there was a rapid growth of the rural population in the south of the European part of the country due to high natural growth in the national republics. At the same time, after the collapse of the USSR, many migrants from the CIS countries came here. Now the influence of these factors in the growth of the rural population in the country has decreased and it has begun to decline again.
Slide 7
Like cities, rural communities vary in population size. The majority of residents (55%) work in agriculture.
Slide 8
FUNCTIONS of rural settlements Agricultural: Agricultural and livestock farming Mixed Non-agricultural: Transport, recreational, forestry
Slide 9
Despite the variety of functions performed by rural settlements, the features of their geography primarily depend on natural conditions. Therefore, natural zoning is clearly evident in the distribution of the rural population.
Slide 10
Migration of the population of RUSSIA
Slide 11
What is population migration called? Immigration Emigration
Slide 13
In the 20th century In Russia there were several periods of forced migration of the population, when people changed their place of residence against their wishes. A significant number of Russians left the country after the October Revolution of 1917. In the 1930-50s, during the period of repression, a huge number of prisoners were sent to the European North, Siberia, and the Far East. Their labor was used to develop natural resources in remote areas with harsh natural conditions. Entire entire peoples were expelled from their homes to Siberia and the Far East, Kazakhstan and Central Asia: Chechens and Ingush, Kalmyks and Karachais, Germans and Greeks.
Slide 14
Migration can change not only the geography and population of individual parts of the country, but also the national, religious, and age composition of their inhabitants.
Slide 15
There are a lot of types of migration, they are distinguished according to different characteristics. Main characteristics
reasons that motivate people to migrate, duration of migration, direction of migration.
Slide 16
BY MIGRATION DURATION
TEMPORARY PERMANENTS
Slide 17
BY DIRECTION OF MIGRATION
external Internal
Slide 18
External migration
Emigration is leaving the country, moving to another country temporarily or permanently. Immigration is the entry into a country for permanent or temporary residence of residents of other countries.
Slide 19
The further development of Russia, with its declining population, makes it vitally important to attract migrants from other countries. The concept of Russia's demographic policy assumes in 2025 to ensure a migration increase of more than 300 thousand people per year.
Slide 20
Internal migrations
Seasonal Pendulum – daily trips to work from one locality to another Temporary
Slide 21
Internal migrations
These are migrations within Russia between different districts, regions, and settlements. These migrations change the population of individual areas, but not the country as a whole.
Slide 22
The main driving force behind internal migration is the desire of people to improve their living conditions. The main reasons holding back internal migration are expensive transport and housing.
Slide 23
Throughout the 20th century, migrants were attracted to the European North and the Asian part of Russia. Valuable natural resources were mined here. People who worked in these areas were paid high wages, they were provided with housing, and they retired earlier. Now the picture has changed: many enterprises are closed, the improvement of settlements has worsened. Therefore, a rapid outflow of population from the north and east to the European part of the country began. At the turn of the 20th–21st centuries, the Far East lost about 900 thousand people, the European North - more than 300 thousand, Eastern Siberia - 200 thousand people
Pravda.Ru previously reported on the conflict between the authorities of the Moscow region and the head of the Serpukhov district of the Moscow region, Alexander Shestun. The conflict became so widespread that it reached the Kremlin.
Although, according to Shestun, the presidential administration knew about what was happening before. And they even allegedly participated. But the matter is not only and not so much in the quarrels of one individual official with his superiors.
Let us recall that the main reason for Shestun’s conflict with the authorities of the Moscow region was the municipal reform that is being carried out in the region. We are talking about the so-called consolidation of municipalities, designed to optimize budget expenditures, improve manageability and reduce the number of officials.
Well, since optimization in Russia has been, so to speak, a trend in public administration for several years now, it would not be very fair to talk only about the Moscow region. After all, similar events are held on a larger or smaller scale throughout the country.
Just the other day, the Legislative Assembly of the Irkutsk Region adopted in the first reading the bill “On the transformation of the Naratai and Novotelbinsk municipalities of the Kuitunsky district and on amendments to the Law of the Irkutsk region “On the status and boundaries of the municipalities of the Kuytunsky district of the Irkutsk region.”
Let us delve a little deeper into the topic, even despite the rather bureaucratic description of the motives that prompted the Irkutsk deputies to pay attention to this topic.
In general, the initiative in this case belonged to the municipal deputies of the Kuytunsky district. The consolidation is explained by concern for the residents of the Naratai municipality, of whom there are 185 people. There is no school or post office there, no agricultural, transport, or industrial enterprises; the distance from the district center is 129 kilometers. Due to the lack of development prospects for the municipality, it was proposed to merge it with the Novotelbinsk municipal district.
According to the Chairman of the Committee on Legislation on State Construction and Local Self-Government Boris Alekseev, transformation through their unification will improve the efficiency of the functioning of local government bodies, combine available resources for their rational use, and will also allow for more efficient development in the future.
As a matter of fact, this is a typical argument that is intended to explain initiatives to consolidate municipalities. There are no regional peculiarities observed. Only in terms of distances between settlements - in the Moscow region, the united municipalities are located much closer to each other.
Although, it is worth saying that the distance between the united MOs is a serious factor. And often very negative. This, in particular, was discussed in the study of the Institute of Urban Economics, “Territorial accessibility of local self-government in the Russian Federation,” which was presented at the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation in July last year.
The authors of the study proceeded from the fact that for residents of settlements located 15 km from the center of the municipality, access to decision-making local government bodies (LSGs) and government services is difficult.
The study took into account the climate in different regions, the condition of roads, and the operation of public transport - the situation in 18 regions was analyzed. For example, in the Krasnodar Territory there are 18.9% of settlements with difficult transport accessibility, in the Volgograd Region - 16.6%, in the Krasnoyarsk Territory - 20.9%.
The consolidation of municipalities is worsening the situation: in the Nizhny Novgorod region, for example, transport accessibility is difficult in 18.1% of settlements. If a settlement is 25 km from the center, then the situation with transport accessibility becomes critical.
According to the study, in the Krasnoyarsk Territory there are 5.2% of such municipalities, in the Volgograd Region - 1.5%, in Ulyanovsk - 1.9%, in Nizhny Novgorod - 1.8%. Relatively small percentages should not be misleading - we are talking about settlements in which thousands of people live.
The transformation of municipal districts into urban districts, in which the settlement level of local self-government is abolished, significantly complicates the population's access to local authorities and government services. In the Kaliningrad region there are 45% of such settlements, in the Sverdlovsk region - 68.9%, in the Magadan region - 36%, in the Moscow region - 30.3%.
The study noted that the transformation of municipal districts into urban districts “has acquired a large scale, and completely self-sufficient municipalities are falling under the comb of consolidation and liquidation.”
Of course, it can hardly be denied that in some cases the consolidation of municipalities actually has an economic justification. However, this does not remove the question of how much the reform takes into account the specifics of the regions.
And not even just regions, but in general each individual case of consolidation. There are serious doubts that attention is being paid to such a problem. Otherwise, why would the head of the Public Chamber’s commission on local self-government, Andrei Maksimov, say during the presentation of the study that the transformations “create problems for residents to receive government services and do not allow them to participate in decision-making at the level of municipalities.”
At the same time, by the way, it was promised to go “to the authorities and the Federal Assembly in order to give our decisions the force of law or state-sanctioned recommendations.” Judging by the rapid development of the conflict, which was mentioned at the beginning of the material, something has gone wrong again.
/ The author’s opinion may not coincide with the editorial position /
Locality (settlement) –
a place where people live
Name the main ones
types of settlements
Rural
settlements
Cities
MEET:
BETWEEN 78°N and 54°S
AT ALTITUDE up to 5300 m
1. What is the difference between rural settlements and
urban?
2. Name the features of rural and
urban settlements. RURAL
SETTLEMENTS
VILLAGE
- one of the types of rural settlements.In Russia this is a large peasant settlement
with the church. Features of rural settlements
1.Various in size and appearance
(village and hamlet, ranch and hacienda, village and hamlet,
aul and kishlak). These also include country houses
villages, settlements of fishermen and lumberjacks.
2. On the plains they occupy freely, and in the mountains -
compactly crowded together.
3. People's lives are more connected with nature.
4. Settlements are small in size.
5. Low houses predominate.
6. Residents are engaged in agriculture, forestry, and hunting.
7. About ½ of the world's population lives in them.
Why lately
the proportion of people is decreasing
living in rural areas? Name the characteristic differences between rural
settlements of different types
Village
And
Village
Ranch
And
Farm
Aul
And
Village
Rural settlements are varied in both size and appearance.
Kishlak (translated from Turkic as winter quarters) -rural settlement in Central Asia.
Initially
that's the name
wore winter huts
nomads and
semi-nomads.
The village is a small rural settlement.
Village - small ruralsettlement.
Ranch - large cattle farm in the USA
Ranch - Large Cattlefarm in USA
Khutor is a rural settlement. In the Kuban, Don and Ukraine, settlements outside villages and villages.
Khutor is a rural settlement.In Kuban, Don and Ukraine
settlement outside villages and villages. CITIES
CITY
- a large populated area whose residentsmainly employed in industry and
trade, as well as in the service sectors,
management, science, culture.
The status of a city is determined by the state
legislation. In different countries, the criteria
by which this status is determined are different
(population size, placement of organs
controls, etc.) City -
populated area, most of the inhabitants
which is not occupied by agriculture
The first cities arose in the 3rd - 1st thousand BC. V
different regions of the Earth: China, Mesopotamia,
Egypt.
Their true age is usually a mystery. Some
cities claim to be the most ancient: Jericho,
Damascus, Bible. These cities were continuously inhabited
since the Copper Age. Features of cities
1. Cities have higher population densities.
2. Multi-storey buildings and high buildings.
3. City dwellers are engaged in work not related to agriculture
farming
4. Cities play a major role in economic, cultural and
political life of the country.
5. The more developed the country, the higher the share of urban
population (more urbanized).
6. Cities vary in population and perform
various functions (roles).
7. Within cities, certain zones are distinguished:
industrial, residential, transport, historical and cultural.
Why are urban areas divided into
certain areas?
Types of cities by population:
MILLIONAIRELARGE (more than 100 thousand people)
AVERAGE
SMALL
Considered large
city with number of inhabitants
more than 100 thousand
Today in the world there are such
There are about 4000 cities.
They are home to ¾
world population Types of cities by function:
Industrial
Cultural
centers
Port Transport
nodes
Cities
Sciences
Multifunctional
(administrative centers)
Cities perform different functions in the life of countries. The main city of each country is the capital.
CENTRALPLACES
INDUSTRY
CENTERS
CAPITAL
UNOFFICIAL
CAPITAL CITIES
CENTERS OF THE REPUBLICS,
STATES, REGIONS
AND SO ON.
DISTRICT CENTERS
INDUSTRIAL
TRANSPORT
CITIES OF SCIENCE
TOURIST
CENTERS
RESORT CITIES Urban population growth,
million people
Urbanization –
increasing the role of cities and
urban spread
lifestyle
Urbanization features:
1.
Increase in numbers
urban population.
2. Increase in quantity
cities.
3. Increase in area
cities.
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
3200
2260
1820
29
225
730
1800 1900 1950 1980 1990 2005
year year year year year year
What happens to the number of citizens
in the world?
Using atlas maps
"Share of urban population" and
“PC of the world”, give examples
most highly urbanized
and poorly urbanized countries.
Urban agglomeration is a union of settlements (mainly urban) connected to each other by intensive
Urban agglomeration -unification of settlements (mainly
urban manner) related
intense with each other
production, labor,
cultural, everyday and
recreational connections. There are now more than 450 in the world
agglomerations with a population of over 1 million.
Human.
As a rule, agglomerations are formed
around one center - the largest city
(Moscow, Paris).
Sometimes agglomerations stretch for hundreds of kilometers along
sea shores.
The largest agglomeration in the world is Tokyo (Tokyo) in
Japan, which has a population of more than 37 million people.
What is characteristic of the Tokyo metropolitan area?
A megalopolis is a large form of settlement formed as a result of the unification of urban agglomerations with each other.
Megalopolis is a largeform of settlement formed
as a result of the merger of urban
agglomerations with each other.
City zones
The difference between the urban lifestyle and the rural lifestyle
Sphere of lifeLiving conditions
Which houses predominate?
Classes
What do most of them do?
population?
Rhythm of life
What is the rhythm of life?
calm or fast?
Is it related to natural
rhythms?
Movement
What does it travel on?
most of the population?
Communication
Nutrition
What products
predominate in the diet?
Rural settlements
Cities
“Central region” - Iron ore KMA Brown coal of the Moscow region Phosphorites Soil (in the south) Agro-climatic Forest (in the northeast). Cultural monuments. Emissions into the environment: Gross product: We invite you to cooperate! Central Russia. Economy: Industry structure: Sectoral employment structure:
“Monasteries of Suzdal” - Nativity Cathedral. Suzdal is the pearl of the Golden Ring. The Intercession Convent is located on the Kamenka River in the northern part of Suzdal. The interior has preserved wall paintings from the 13th, 15th, and 17th centuries. The first mention of Suzdal in the chronicle dates back to 1024. Monastery of Saint Euthymius. In the 16th-17th centuries the monastery was one of the largest in Rus'.
“City of Pushchino” - Population - 51,403 people. Novomoskovsk (before 1934 - Bobriki; from 1934 to 1961 - Stalinogorsk) is a city in the Tula region of Russia. Received city status in 1770. From the history. The population as of January 1, 2010 is 131,247 people. Since 1962 it has the status of a Scientific Center for Biological Research.
“Nature of Mordovia” - Director of the reserve - Doctor of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor Alexander Borisovich Ruchin. Gray partridge. Flora and fauna. The administration of the reserve is located in the village of Pushta. Nature of the Republic of Mordovia. Formed on January 10, 1930. Mordovian State Reserve named after Smidovich. Chamzinsky district.
“The History of Vladimir” - Political. Parks and squares - beauty and attention. My city in time and space. Learn more about goals. Agriculture also flourished in the city. We have identified three main goals for building the city of Vladimir. Questions. The total length of the fortress ramparts was 2.5 km. Answer to 1 question. To you, Vladimir!
“Lesson Central Russia” - Why has the population of large cities decreased? (according to Table 51, p. 226 of the textbook). Golden Khokhloma. Semenov city. Palekha unbroken wings! Ryazan. Palekh. Tasks 4 and 5. Urban. Task 2. Kursk. Central Russia is the cradle of the Russian people. Consolidation. Volgo-Vyatsky. Enamel. Manufactured in Rostov, Yaroslavl region.
