Production of English sounds for children. English sounds for children: learning to read the transcription correctly. Phonetics of the English language for children: learning the main pitfalls

There are 26 letters in English. In different combinations and positions, they represent 44 sounds.
In English, 24 consonants are distinguished, and 20 letters are transmitted in writing: Bb; Cc; Dd; Ff; Gg; Hh; Jj; Kk; LI; Mm; Nn; Pp; Qq; Rr; Ss; Tt; Vv; Ww; Xx; Zz.
In English, 12 vowel sounds and 8 diphthongs are distinguished, and 6 letters are transmitted in writing: Aa; Ee; li; Oo; Uu; Yy.

Video:

[English language. Initial course. Maria Rarenko. First educational channel.]

Transcription and stress

Phonetic transcription is an international notation system needed to accurately show how words should be pronounced. Each sound is displayed with a separate icon. These icons are always written in square brackets.
In transcription, verbal stress is indicated (which syllable in the word is stressed). Accent mark [‘] put before the stressed syllable.

English consonants

English consonants conveyed by letters b, f, g, m, s, v, z, are similar in pronunciation to the corresponding Russian consonants, but should sound more energetic and tense.
English consonants don't soften.
Voiced consonants are never stunned - neither before voiceless consonants, nor at the end of a word.
Double consonants, that is, two identical consonants side by side, are always pronounced as one sound.
Some English consonants are aspirated: the tip of the tongue should be pressed firmly against the alveoli (the bumps where the teeth attach to the gums). Then the air between the tongue and teeth will pass with effort, and a noise (explosion) will result, that is, aspiration.

Rules for reading consonants in English:,

English consonant pronunciation table
Phonetic transcription	Examples of
[b]	bad, box	sonorous sound corresponding to Russian [b] in the word brat
[p]	o pen, pet	a dull sound corresponding to Russian [n] in the word perobut aspirated
[d]	di d, day	sonorous sound, similar to Russian [d] in the word dohmbut more energetic, "sharper"; when pronouncing it, the tip of the tongue rests against the alveoli
[t]	tea, take	a dull sound corresponding to Russian [t] in the word tyermos, but pronounced aspirated, with the tip of the tongue resting on the alveoli
[v]	voice, visit	sonorous sound corresponding to Russian [v] in the word inoscbut more energetic
[f]	find, fine	a dull sound corresponding to Russian [f] in the word finikbut more energetic
[z]	zoo, ha s	sonorous sound corresponding to Russian [z] in the word sima
[s]	sun, see	a dull sound corresponding to Russian [s] in the word fromsiltbut more energetic; when pronouncing, the tip of the tongue is raised to the alveoli
[g]	give, go	sonorous sound corresponding to Russian [g] in the word riryabut pronounced softer
[k]	cat, can	dull sound corresponding to Russian [k] in the word tomouthbut pronounced more energetically and aspirated
[ʒ]	vi sion, plea sure	sonorous sound corresponding to Russian [w] in the word fmacawbut pronounced harder and softer
[ʃ]	she, Ru ssia	a dull sound corresponding to Russian [w] in the word wina, but pronounced softer, for which you need to raise the middle part of the back of the tongue to the hard palate
[j]	yellow, you	a sound similar to the Russian sound [th] in the word thodbut pronounced more energetically and tensely
[l]	litt le, like	sound similar to Russian [l] in a word lisa, but you need the tip of the tongue to touch the alveoli
[m]	man, merry	sound similar to Russian [m] in a word mirbut more energetic; when pronouncing it, you need to close your lips tighter
[n]	no, name	sound similar to Russian [n] in a word nwasps, but when pronouncing it, the tip of the tongue touches the alveoli, and the soft palate is lowered, and air passes through the nose
[ŋ]	si ng, fi nger	a sound in which the soft palate is lowered and touches the back of the tongue and air passes through the nose. Pronouncing [ng] as Russian is wrong; there must be a nasal sound
[r]	red, rabbit	a sound, when pronounced with the raised tip of the tongue, you need to touch the middle part of the palate, above the alveoli; tongue does not vibrate
[h]	help, how	sound reminiscent of Russian [x] as in the word xaos, but almost silent (barely audible exhalation), for which it is important not to press the tongue to the palate
[w]	wet, winter	a sound similar to the very quickly pronounced Russian [ue] in a word Uels; in this case, the lips need to be rounded and pushed forward, and then vigorously moved apart
	just, jump	sound similar to [j] in Russian loanword jins, but more energetic and softer. Cannot be pronounced separately [d] and [ʒ]
	check, mu ch	sound similar to Russian [h] in a word hacebut harder and more intense. Cannot be pronounced separately [t] and [ʃ]
[ð]	this, they	a sonorous sound, when pronounced, the tip of the tongue must be placed between the upper and lower teeth and then quickly removed. Do not pinch the flat tongue with your teeth, but push it slightly into the gap between them. This sound (since it is voiced) is pronounced with the participation of the vocal cords. Similar to Russian [h] interdental
[θ]	think, seven th	a dull sound that is pronounced the same as [,], but without a voice. Similar to Russian [c] interdental

English vowel sounds

from other letters standing next to, in front of her or behind her;
from being in a shock or unstressed position.

Rules for reading vowels in English:,

Pronunciation table for simple English vowels
Phonetic transcription	Examples of	Approximate matches in Russian
[æ]	c at, bl ack	short sound, middle between the Russian sounds [a] and [e]. To get this sound, you need to open your mouth wide while pronouncing Russian [a], and put your tongue low. To pronounce simply Russian [eh] is wrong
[ɑ:]	arm, f ather	a long sound, similar to Russian [a], but much longer and deeper. When pronouncing it, you need to yawn, as it were, but not open your mouth wide, while pulling your tongue back
[ʌ]	c up, r un	short sound, similar to Russian unstressed [a] in the word from ady... To get this sound, while pronouncing Russian [a], you need to barely open your mouth, while stretching your lips a little and moving your tongue back a little. To pronounce simply Russian [a] is wrong
[ɒ]	n ot, h ot	short sound similar to Russian [o] in a word d aboutm, but when pronouncing it, you need to completely relax your lips; for Russian [o] they are slightly tense
[ɔ:]	sp ort, f our	a long sound, similar to Russian [o], but much longer and deeper. When pronouncing it, you need to yawn, as it were, with your mouth half-open, and tighten and round your lips
[ə]	about, alias	the sound, which is often found in Russian, is always in an unstressed position. In English, this sound is also always unstressed. It has no clear sound, and is spoken of as an obscure sound (it cannot be replaced by any clear sound)
[e]	m et, b ed	a short sound similar to Russian [e] under stress in words such as ehty, pl ed etc. English consonants before this sound cannot be softened
[ɜː]	w ork, l earn	there is no such sound in Russian, and it is very difficult to pronounce. Reminds Russian sound in words m ed, sv ecla, but you need to pull it much longer and at the same time stretch your lips strongly without opening your mouth (you get a skeptical smile)
[ɪ]	it, p it	a short sound similar to a Russian vowel in a word w andbe... You need to pronounce it abruptly
	h e, s ee	a long sound, similar to Russian [and] under stress, but longer, and they pronounce it as if with a smile, stretching their lips. A close Russian sound is found in the word poem ui
[ʊ]	l ook, p ut	a short sound that can be compared to Russian unstressed [y], but it is pronounced energetically and with completely relaxed lips (lips cannot be pulled forward)
	bl ue, f ood	a long sound, quite similar to the Russian percussion [y], but still not the same. To make it work, you need, while pronouncing Russian [y], not to pull your lips into a tube, not to push them forward, but to round and smile slightly. Like other long English vowels, it needs to be pulled much longer than Russian [y]

Diphthong pronunciation table
Phonetic transcription	Examples of	Approximate matches in Russian
	f ive, eye	diphthong, similar to a combination of sounds in Russian words ah and h ah
[ɔɪ]	n oise, v oice	somehow. Second element, sound [ɪ], very short
	br ave, afr aid	diphthong, similar to a combination of sounds in the Russian word w to herka... Second element, sound [ɪ], very short
	t own, n ow	diphthong, similar to a combination of sounds in the Russian word from ayon... The first item is the same as in; second element, sound [ʊ], very short
[əʊ]	h ome, kn ow	diphthong, similar to a combination of sounds in the Russian word cl oUn, if you do not pronounce it deliberately in syllables (while the consonance resembles eu ). Pronouncing this diphthong as a pure Russian consonance [oh] is wrong
[ɪə]	d ear, h ere	diphthong, similar to a combination of sounds in the Russian word such; consists of short sounds [ɪ] and [ə]
	wh ere, th ere	diphthong, similar to the combination of sounds in the Russian word long-necked, if you do not pronounce it syllables. Behind the sound reminiscent of Russian [e] in the word ehthenfollowed by the second element, an unclear short sound [ə]
[ʊə]	t our, p oor	a diphthong in which [ʊ] is followed by the second element, an obscure short sound [ə]. When pronouncing [ʊ], the lips must not be pulled forward

The phonetics of the English language for children is a rather difficult topic to study and requires special attention. The fact is that the Russian language does not have some of the sounds that are present in English. Moreover, there are words where sounds are so skillfully intertwined with each other that a word can only be read with transcription.

The transcription of English words is a kind of lifesaver for kids who have a problem with pronunciation. How to read a set of letters that form a word in which one sound is indicated by two letters? Not an easy task, especially for little kids. But ... if you make an effort, the transcription can obey everyone!

You need to learn English gradually. First, you need to start learning with simple monosyllabic words. Page, chick [tʃık], foot [fʋt], long - it is much easier to learn the pronunciation of such words than to tackle two-syllable words at once (for comparison: children learn monosyllabic words from the 2nd grade).

On a note! English transcription for children should be present in every word being studied, because the Russian alphabet is different from the English one. Remember, there is no single rule in English for pronouncing vowels and consonants. In the same closed syllable, the same letter can be read in different ways. Those who are just starting to conquer the peculiarities of the pronunciation of English need to learn to speak correctly from the very beginning.

Secondly, learning should be like a game. The so-called phonetic fireworks of sounds should not be darkness for a child. Remember, it is imperative for your little one that lessons are fun. Dry theory and hard practice will remain ineffective if the material is not presented in an interesting way.

Third, use visuals. So English will be available for everyone to learn! For this, cards are ideal. The images on them should be colorful, bright and cheerful. Bet on juicy fruits, cartoon characters, favorite children's toys. A red apple, a cheerful tiger and ripe eggplants will be remembered much faster than dishes or equipment.

Phonetics of the English language for children: learning the main pitfalls

Transcription plays an important role in learning English. And not only for children, but also for adults. The fact is that there is no single rule that would encompass the reading of all words. What are we about? That the letter "A" can be read as a And How ӕ ... For example, in the word bag a reads like ӕ , but in the word task - as a... And not just how abut how long a => |a: |... The English language is rich in such phonetic "gifts". How to understand where and when to read which letter? In both words, the syllable is closed, but the letters are read differently. In order not to be mistaken with the pronunciation, you need to look at the transcription.

On a note!It is important to study not only the reading of the letters themselves, but also the special transcription signs. Colon, line, wideӕ , short e - only a small part of the main characters. Armed with the necessary knowledge, children can easily read the necessary words, with or without translation.

But! Do not forget that the material is perceived visually better than by ear. No wonder they say that it is better to see once than hear a hundred times. So use colorful flashcards with bold images and try to present English material in a playful way.

Pear - - Pear

Long - - Long

House - - House

Doll - - Doll

Pottery - [ˈpɔtərɪ] - Pottery

Bird - - Bird

Cup - - Cup

Boot - - Boot

Mouse - - Mouse

Dough - - Dough

Here are some tips on how to memorize sounds quickly and efficiently:

Repeat the sound several times every day. And do it meaningfully, and not just because you need to. And so that the lesson does not get bored, choose an interesting or funny word that will make the baby smile and pleasant impressions.
Develop a taxonomy. The lists above can be studied in turn. The same sequence can be developed for sounds, for example, today - the first three, tomorrow - the second three, etc.
Associate. Tired of repeating the same sounds? Associate them with something enjoyable! For example, studying the sound ӕ in the word hat ( hӕ t), imagine a different hat each time. Red, with bombs, a wizard, a favorite cartoon character, etc. Using this method, the child will not get tired of repeating the same word. On the contrary, having seen an interesting specimen (in real life or on TV), he will immediately remember the peculiarities of the pronunciation of this vowel, and, accordingly, of English words.

On a note! When the hat gets tired, speak cat, bag or another word you like.

reference: Activities with children will be more effective if the next lesson flows smoothly from the previous one. We are about the fact that the topics studied should complement each other, and not be studied in a scattered, chaotic form.

Summing up

Remembering English words for children is easy if the study is in a playful way. It is important to motivate the child to make it interesting to learn. For this we use colorful pictures with multi-colored images. Phonetics is a difficult topic and should be approached gradually. The topic should be broken down into several stages. Each stage includes the study of several sounds.

Don't try to learn everything at once! Remember the saying: "The quieter you go, the further you will be." In this case \u003d\u003e the longer you study the topic, the deeper the knowledge gained will take root in your memory. Good luck, inspiration and interesting associations. Make each lesson interesting, fun and educational!

We advise you to study the material about 1000 words in English that a beginner needs to know first. This article presents popular words grouped by popular topics.

Each of us, opening the English dictionary, came across such a phenomenon as transcription - this is the recording of the sound of a letter or word in the form of special phonetic symbols. This is a very important language element and today we are exploring it together with you.

Why do children need transcription in English?

The transcription is phonetic. It is often found in the languages \u200b\u200bof the Indo-European group. English transcription has its own characteristics, it conveys the word the way it is read, and is necessary especially for beginners and for children learning a foreign language.

In English, words are not read as they are written, as can be seen in Russian or Spanish. Each word of the English language, each letter combination, each diphthong or triphthong has its own characteristics, its own reading rules. It is this function that English transcription performs - to teach children to read and speak English correctly.

We work with the dictionary correctly

In one of our articles, we have already mentioned how important it is to work with a dictionary while learning a foreign speech. This is especially important for children. The dictionary represents a word in English, its translation into Russian and the transcription of this word, that is, it shows us how it is read, and, therefore, pronounced.

Speaking of Google Translate, it gives us voice pronunciation. It is also good. Nevertheless, it is important for children to see the transcription of a word, read it aloud several times, and remember everything visually. The child himself does the phonetic work.

The voice pronunciation of the Google translator can be traced by the transcription in the dictionary, repeated after the announcer. But be sure to pay attention to the transcription signs in the dictionary! Thus, we learn to read in English and pronounce words correctly. By understanding phonetics, you can read words on your own, without outside help.

Teaching children to work with English transcription

Memorizing reading rules in English

So, don't let your phonetics and pronunciation lessons go to waste. Pay attention to the basic rules for reading English words, which have several types of syllables. But in order to understand the whole system, it is necessary to distinguish and remember only two types: an open syllable and a closed syllable.

Open syllable must end with a vowel: stone, game, like - the vowel in the word is read in the same way as in the alphabet
Closed syllable must end with a consonant letter: cat, pen, bus - a vowel in a syllable gives a different sound, it does not correspond to the written letter.

Basically, English sounds correspond to the sounds of the Russian language, for example: [b] - [b]; [p] - [p] etc.

But there are some differences: - [j] (joy); [∫] - [w] (shadow); - [h] (teacher).

There are some sounds that have no analogy in Russian: [θ] - think; [ð] - mother; [ŋ] - dreaming; [w] - walk.

Finally, we turn to diphthongs. There are several of them: [əu] - [oh] (coat); [au] - [ay] (how); [ei] - [hey] (pray); [oi] - [oh] (join); [ai] - [ai] (like).

Download 9 phonetic games for fun activities

How to make friends with transcription?

We want to repeat that English transcription will be especially useful for children and beginners. When studying English with children, or teaching it, do not forget about transcription lessons, teach children to pronunciation from an early age. It is clear that at first it will be difficult for them, for young children all these icons and symbols will be difficult.

But do not let the child give up, cheer him up. Let your lessons introduce the kid to this phonetic phenomenon every time:

Introduce the children to transcription and reading rules. Explain what it is and what it is for
Show the children how to write the transcription icons and symbols, invite them to write them down for you
Read a few transcribed English words and write them down with the children. Ask the guys to rewrite them
Suggest some foreign words with transcription and have the children read them
In the future, working with English vocabulary, ask the children to record not only the translation of words, but also their sound writing
Work with the transcription in each lesson so that the children get used to it.

To make it easy and interesting for your child to comprehend sound writing, use various forms, methods and visuals in your work. All kinds of didactic games related to phonetics, exercises will help you with this. English phonetic icons can be represented as funny pictures, colorful drawings, etc. The topic is not easy for a child, so it is important to use imagination to diversify activities.

We hope that you will be able to make friends with the transcription, because it makes English easier and more accessible.

Sounds of English - this is a difficult and rather voluminous topic that will require perseverance and patience from you. In order for you to be able to master this step easier and faster, I suggest you work with english sounds in the table... If you remember, there are 44 sounds in the British pronunciation system, and we will work with them. For more details on American pronunciation, see a separate article. For convenience, the table is divided into separate theoretical blocks, which describe how to pronounce this or that sound correctly.

Before starting work, be sure to read the following information:

British English has 44 sounds:

24 consonants:

paired, voiced and deaf:
/ b / - / p /, / z / - / s /, / d / - / t /, / v / - / f /, / dʒ / - / tʃ /, / ʒ / - / ʃ /, / ð / - / θ /, / g / - / k /
unpaired, voiced and voiceless:
/ l /, / m /, / n /, / j /, / r /, / w /, / h /, / ŋ /

With consonant sounds, everything is more or less clear: paired - unpaired, voiced - deaf. From the school course on phonetics of the Russian language, we know about these categories. We also know that in Russian, consonants can be soft and hard. In English, the concept of softness and hardness of consonants is absent. There is the concept of palatalization - the softening of consonants in position in front of some vowels, by raising the back of the tongue to the hard palate. What, in fact, is the difference? The thing is that in Russian, the softness and hardness of consonants affects the semantic meaning of the word. Compare: "empty" - "let", "out" - "stench", "weight" - "all." In English, the softening of consonants does not affect the meaning of words, but is only the result of a mechanical change in sound in the flow of speech.

20 vowels:

closed, long and short:
/ iː /, / ɪ /, / uː /, / ʊ /
medium open, long and short:
/ e /, / ɜː /, / ə /, / ɔː /
open, long and short:
/æ/, /ʌ/, /ɑː/, /ɒ/
diphthongs:
/ eɪ /, / aɪ /, / ɔɪ /, / aʊ /, / əʊ /, / ɪə /, / eə /, / ʊə /

With vowels it is a little more difficult: closed, open, medium-open. What is this about? On the position of the tongue in the oral cavity. When pronouncing open vowels, the tongue lies low in the mouth and does not touch the palate. Pronounce the Russian sound / a /, which is open, and notice that the tongue lies low in the mouth. When pronouncing closed vowels, the tongue is very close to the palate. Pronounce the Russian sound / and /, which is closed and notice that the tongue bends the back like a kitten and the back almost touches the hard palate. When pronouncing medium-open, the tongue takes an intermediate position. Pronounce the Russian sound / e /, which is medium open and remember the position of the tongue. Long and short vowels. What is this about? About the duration of the pronunciation of the sound. Longer sounds last longer than short ones. The longitude of a sound in English transcription is indicated as a colon sign, followed by a sound sign / iː /, / ɜː /, / ɑː /, / ɔː /. Diphthongs. What is it? This is a sound consisting of two vowels, the first element of the diphthong sounds stressed, and the second weakly. Well, now you can start working on english sounds in the table.

/æ/	We open our mouth in order to pronounce the Russian sound / a /, but at the same time we pronounce the sound / e /. To avoid a mistake like the Russian sound / e /, you should open your mouth wider, the tip of the tongue remains at the lower teeth. In case of an error like the Russian sound / a /, you should press the tip of the tongue to the lower teeth and open your mouth wider. (open, short)
/ɪ/	We open our mouth in order to pronounce the Russian sound / and /, but at the same time we try to pronounce the sound / s /. To avoid an error like the Russian sound / and /, you should not raise your tongue too high, you need to slightly pull it back and cut the sound. In case of an error like Russian / s / language, you should move forward, stretch your lips and reduce the sound as much as possible. (closed, short)
/ e /	We pronounce the Russian words "mel", "warmed", "stump", "cedar". We remember how the letter "e" sounds in these words when pronouncing and we use it as the sound / e / in English. With an error like Russian / e /, you should open your mouth less, stretch your lips slightly and move your tongue forward. (medium open, short)
/ɒ/	We pronounce the Russian sound / o /, but do not pull our lips forward. In the case of an error like Russian / o /, you should open your mouth wider, lower and push your tongue lower and move away, rounding your lips, not pulling them forward and slightly reducing the sound. (open, short)
/ʊ/	We pronounce the Russian sound / y /, but at the same time we bend the back of the tongue, almost touching it on the hard palate and do not pull our lips forward. The lips are slightly rounded. In case of an error of the type of the Russian vowel / y /, which is an open sound, we follow the position of the language, achieving a closed sound and do not pull our lips forward. (closed, short)
/ b /	Almost correspond to the Russian sound / b /, but when pronounced at the end of a word, unlike the Russian sound, it is practically not stunned. Compare "oak" - / dup / and "Bob" - / bob /.
/ p /	Similar to the Russian sound / p /, but pronounced more muffled. A muffled sound is obtained as a result of aspiration. That is, the opening of the lips seems to be exhaled, and does not happen with an explosion. The sound is a bit like / pf / or / nx /. In addition, at the end of words, English / p / sounds strong, and does not weaken like Russian / p /.
/ g /	It is similar to the Russian sound / r /, but it sounds less loud at the beginning of words and is practically not stunned at the end of words.
/ k /	Similar to the Russian sound / k /, but sounds more energetic and aspirated. The sound is a bit like / kf / or / kx /.
/ d /	We pronounce the Russian sound / d /, but at the same time we do not touch the upper teeth with the tip of the tongue, but place it on the alveoli (tubercles on the hard palate, behind the upper teeth). Unlike the Russian consonant / d / English / d /, it is partially stunned at the end of words.
/ t /	We pronounce the Russian sound / t /, but at the same time we do not touch the upper teeth with the tip of the tongue, but place it on the alveoli (tubercles on the hard palate, behind the upper teeth). The English voiceless consonant / t / is stronger than the Russian / t / and is aspirated. As a result, the sound is a bit like / tf / or / tx /.
/ n /	We pronounce the Russian sound / n /, but at the same time we do not touch the upper teeth with the tip of the tongue, but place it on the alveoli (tubercles on the hard palate, behind the upper teeth).
/ h /	It resembles the Russian sound / x /, but it is not pronounced energetically with an explosion, but is only a light exhalation. Occurs only before vowels. With an error like Russian / x /, the consonant should be weakened to a slight exhalation.

pig, pet, put, pot, pan - / pɪɡ /, / pet /, / ˈpʊt /, / pɒt /, / pæn /

big, ben, book, bog, ban - / bɪɡ /, / ben /, / bʊk /, / bɒɡ /, / bæn /

dig, den, hood, dog, bad - / dɪɡ /, / den /, / hʊd /, / dɒɡ /, / bæd /

tip, ten, took, top, tap - / ˈtɪp /, / ten /, / tʊk /, / tɒp /, / tæp /

get, gig, good, god, gap - / ˈɡet /, / ɡɪɡ /, / ɡʊd /, / ɡɒd /, / ɡæp /

kit, Ken, cook, cod, cap - / kɪt /, / ken /, / kʊk /, / kɒd /, / kæp /

Nick, net, nook, not, Nat - / nɪk /, / net /, / nʊk /, / nɒt /, / næt /

hit, hen, hook, hot, ham - / hɪt /, / hen /, / hʊk /, / hɒt /, / hæm /

Don't try to work it all out at once. You won't be able to do this, since the volume of work with sounds is designed for several astronomical hours, at least. Work out the theory by blocks, be sure to do the exercises at the end of the block. The main thing in learning a language is regularity. It is better to work 15-20 minutes every day than 2-3 hours once a week.

Pay attention to the pronunciation of long vowel sounds and the pronunciation of consonants, which have no analogues in Russian.

/ɑː/	We pronounce the Russian sound / a /, but at the same time we pull the tip of the tongue away from the lower teeth as far back as possible, we do not strain our lips. With an error like Russian / a /, you should pull the tongue back and lengthen the vowel somewhat and not open your mouth too wide. (open, long)
/ɔː/	We pronounce the Russian sound / o /, but at the same time we pull the tip of the tongue away from the lower teeth as far back as possible, we do not strain our lips and do not pull it forward. In case of an error like Russian / o /, a more open pronunciation should be sought without pulling the lips forward. Compared to English / ɑː / the sound / ɔː / is less open. (open, long)
/ uː /	We pronounce the Russian sound / y /, but at the same time we do not stretch our lips forward, we round our lips, but do not strain. In the process of pronouncing the sound / u: /, we pull the tip of the tongue from the lower teeth as far back as possible. In the case of an error like Russian / y /, you should first of all ensure that the lips are rounded, but not extended forward. (closed, long)
/ l /	We pronounce the Russian sound / l /, but at the same time we place the tip of the tongue on the alveoli (tubercles on the hard palate). The English sound / l / has two sounds: hard (at the end of words and before consonants) sounds softer than hard Russian / l / soft (before vowels and before consonant / j /) sounds harder than soft Russian / л "/
/ m /	We pronounce the Russian sound / m /, but at the same time we tighten our lips more.
/ r /	We are getting ready to pronounce the Russian sound / w /, but at the same time we are trying to pronounce the Russian sound / p /. To pronounce the sound correctly, we make sure that the tip of the tongue is behind the alveoli (bumps on the hard palate), while not touching them, remains tense and motionless.
/ w /	There is no similar sound in Russian. Distantly similar to the Russian sound / ya /. In order to pronounce this sound correctly, we stretch our lips forward as for pronouncing the Russian sound / u /, while the lips are tense and rounded, in this position we try to quickly pronounce the Russian sound / in /. In case of an error like Russian / v /, make sure that the lower lip does not come into contact with the upper teeth and upper lip. In case of an error like Russian / s / we tighten and round our lips even more.
/ŋ/	There is no similar sound in Russian. To pronounce this sound correctly, we press the back of the tongue against the soft palate and try to pronounce the Russian sound / n /. In case of an error like Russian / n /, open our mouth wider and make sure that the tip of the tongue does not touch the upper teeth or alveoli, but is at the roots of the lower teeth.
/ v /	Almost corresponds to the Russian sound / v /. English / v / sounds weaker than Russian / v /, but is practically not stunned at the end of words.
/ f /	Almost corresponds to the English sound / f /. English / f / sounds stronger than Russian / f /, especially at the end of words
/ z /	Almost corresponds to the Russian sound / s /. But it sounds weaker. At the end of words, it is almost not stunned.
/ s /	Almost corresponds to the Russian sound / s /. But it sounds much more energetic.
/ð/	There is no similar sound in Russian. In order to pronounce this sound correctly, we place the tip of the tongue between the upper and lower front teeth and try to pronounce the Russian sound / z /. At the end of words, this voiced English consonant is almost never stunned. In case of an error like Russian / s /, make sure that the tip of the tongue is not hidden behind the teeth. In case of an error like Russian / d /, make sure that the tongue does not press against the upper teeth, there should be a small gap between the tip of the tongue and the upper teeth. In case of an error like Russian / v /, make sure that the lower lip is lowered.
/θ/	There is no similar sound in Russian. In order to pronounce this sound correctly, we place the tip of the tongue between the upper and lower front teeth and try to pronounce the Russian sound / s /. In case of an error like Russian / s /, make sure that the tip of the tongue is not hidden behind the teeth. In case of an error like Russian / t /, make sure that the tongue does not press against the upper teeth, there should be a small gap between the tip of the tongue and the upper teeth. In case of an error like Russian / f /, make sure that the lower lip is lowered.

lark, look, lips, last - / lɑːk /, / lʊk /, / lɪps /, / lɑːst /

mood, moon, mask, mast - / muːd /, / muːn /, / mɑːsk /, / mɑːst /
rude, red, rock, room - / ruːd /, / red /, / rɒk /, / ruːm /
what, when, well, wool - / ˈwɒt /, / wen /, / wel /, / wʊl /
sing, sink, wink, pink - / sɪŋ /, / sɪŋk /, / wɪŋk /, / pɪŋk /
zip, zink, zing, zoo - / zɪp /, / ˈzɪŋk /, / zɪŋ /, / zuː /
silky, swim, sick, soon - / ˈsɪlki /, / swɪm /, / sɪk /, / suːn /
vase, voodoo, vest, vast - / vɑːz /, /ˈvuː.duː/, / vest /, / vɑːst /
farm, fool, food, fast - / fɑːm /, / fuːl /, / fuːd /, / fɑːst /
thin, think, threat, theft - / θɪn /, / ˈθɪŋk /, / θret /, / θeft /
this, the, then, them - / ðɪs /, / ði: /, / ðen /, / ðəm /
four, store, fork, door - / fɔː /, / stɔː /, / fɔːk /, / dɔː /

If you are reading these lines, then you have worked through the first two blocks and as much as 50% of this difficult topic you have successfully mastered. Please accept my congratulations and let me praise you for your diligence, hard work and patience! After all, these are precisely the qualities that will lead you to triumph on the path of mastering the English language. Getting started on the third block english sounds in the tabledo not forget that "repetition is the mother of learning." Therefore, be sure to return to the passed blocks and do not be lazy to repeat them!

Pay attention to the pronunciation of a neutral sound / ə /, long vowels, diphthongs.

/ə/	There is no similar sound in Russian. We pronounce the Russian words "mint", "guys", "Volodya", the sound of the letter "I" in these words vaguely resembles the English sound / ə /, only it sounds unstressed, weak, indistinct, almost imperceptible. In case of an error like Russian unstressed / a / as in the word "summer" - / l "et a/, we raise the tongue entirely to the hard palate. (medium open, short)
/ɜː/	There is no similar sound in Russian. We pronounce the Russian words "wove", "bloom", "mel", the sound of the letter "e" in these words vaguely resembles the English sound / z: /. When pronouncing this sound, we make sure that the tip of the tongue is at the lower teeth, the distance between the upper and lower teeth remains small, we do not stretch the lips, we achieve their neutral position. (medium open, long)
/ iː /	It distantly resembles the Russian sounding "iy" in the words "strong", "apt", "rare". Two-level audio, i.e. sounds uneven in the start position and the end position. In the initial position, the tongue is in the front of the mouth, the tip of the tongue touches the lower teeth, the middle part of the tongue is raised high to the hard palate, the lips are somewhat stretched. In the process of pronouncing, the tongue moves from a lower and pushed back position to a higher and forward position. (closed, long)
/ eɪ /	A bit like the Russian sound "hey" in the words "bolder", "more fun", "warm up". The core of the diphthong is a medium-open, short vowel sound / e /. After pronouncing the nucleus, the tongue makes a slight upward movement in the direction of the sound / ɪ /, however, without reaching its full formation. The pronunciation of a sound like Russian / y / should not be allowed. (diphthong)
/ aʊ /	A bit like the Russian sounding "ay" in the words "round", "bounty". In case of an error like Russian / ay / make sure that the second element sounds unstressed and weakened. (diphthong)
/ eə /	The core of the diphthong is an English mid-open short vowel / e /, the second element is an unstressed English vowel / ə /. (diphthong)
/ʒ/	We pronounce the Russian sound / w / but at the same time we soften its sound.
/ʃ/	We pronounce the Russian sound / sh / but at the same time we soften its sound.
/ j /	It is similar to the Russian sound / d /, but differs in a weaker pronunciation.

pleasure, treasure, measure, leisure - / ˈpleʒə /, / ˈtreʒə /, / ˈmeʒə /, / ˈleʒə /
should, shake, shame, shirt - / ʃʊd /, / ʃeɪk /, / ʃeɪm /, / ʃɜːt /
yes, yet, you, your - / jes /, / jet /, / ju /, / jə /
world, work, heard, word, bird - / wɜːld /, / ˈwɜːk /, / hɜːd /, / ˈwɜːd /, / bɜːd /
never, ever, fever, river - / ˈnevə /, / ˈevə /, / ˈfiːvə /, /ˈr.və/
sea, eat, beef, these, beans - / siː /, / iːt /, / biːf /, / ðiːz /, / biːnz /
stay, hey, play, hate, game - / steɪ /, / heɪ /, / ˈpleɪ /, / heɪt /, / ɡeɪm /
how, now, about, round, ground - / ˈhaʊ /, / naʊ /, / əˈbaʊt /, / ˈraʊnd /, / ɡraʊnd /
wear, hair, player, repair, theirs - / weə /, / heə /, / ˈpleɪə /, / rɪˈpeə /, / ðeəz /

Hurrah! You have to master the last block english sounds in the table... And this means that very soon you will start to easily read the transcription of English words in the dictionary and start independent work with them in our word library, which was created so that you develop and expand your vocabulary.

Pay attention to the pronunciation of a short sound / ʌ /, diphthongs, consonants that have no analogues in Russian.

/ dʒ /	There is no similar sound in Russian. A bit like the Russian sound "dzh". In order to avoid mistakes like the Russian "j", we make sure that both components sound together, and not separately as in the words "jam", "jazz". Get ready to pronounce the Russian sound / h /, but at the same time say "dzh".
/ tʃ /	It resembles the Russian sound / ch /, but sounds harder.
/ʌ/	Pronounce the Russian sound / a /, but pull your tongue back, keep your mouth half-open and your lips neutral. In case of an error like Russian / a /, the language follows back. English / ʌ / sounds shorter than Russian / a /. (open, short)
/ aɪ /	A bit like the Russian sounding "ai" in the words "paradise", "baykot". In case of an error like Russian / ay /, make sure that the second element sounds unstressed and weak. (diphthong)
/ɔɪ/	A bit like the Russian sounding "oh" in the words "fight", "hero". The diphthong kernel is a cross between a long / ɔː / and short / ɒ /. In case of an error like / oops /, the first element of the diphthong should be made more open, and the second element should be weakened. (diphthong)
/əʊ/	There is no similar sound in Russian. The diphthong kernel is close in sound to English / s: /. After pronouncing the core, the tongue makes a slight upward movement and moves back in the direction of articulation [ʊ]. In case of an error like Russian / oy / do not pull the lips forward. In case of an error like Russian / eu / do not stretch the lips, round them. (diphthong)
/ɪə/	There is no similar sound in Russian. The core of the diphthong is a short vowel / ɪ /. After pronouncing the nucleus, the tongue moves towards the center in the direction / ə /. To avoid mistakes like Russian / ia /, we make sure that the second element of the diphthong sounds weakened. (diphthong)
/ʊə/	There is no similar sound in Russian. The core of the diphthong is a short vowel / ʊ /. After pronouncing the nucleus, the tongue moves towards the center in the direction / ə /. To avoid mistakes like Russian / ya / we do not round or protrude our lips forward, make sure that the second element of the diphthong sounds weakened. (diphthong)

jug, jog, gem, general, jeep - / dʒʌɡ /, / dʒɒɡ /, / dʒem /, / ˈdʒenrəl /, / dʒiːp /
chest, chair, chain, choose, cheap - / tʃest /, / tʃeə /, / tʃeɪn /, / tʃuːz /, / tʃiːp /
why, tie, buy, fly - / waɪ /, / taɪ /, / baɪ /, / flaɪ /
boy, toy, joy, voice, employ - / ˌbɔɪ /, / tɔɪ /, / dʒɔɪ /, / vɔɪs /, /ɪmˈplo.ɪ/
near, dear, beer, here, gear - / nɪə /, / dɪə /, / bɪə /, / hɪə /, / ɡɪə /
pure, sure, tour, cure, lure - / pjʊə /, / ʃʊə /, / tʊə /, / kjʊə /, / lʊə /
cup, nut, mug, sun, bud - / kʌp /, / nʌt /, / mʌɡ /, / sʌn /, / bʌd /

Congratulations on your successful development english sounds in the table! Now you can proceed to mastering the second stage in the study of English phonetics. Namely, to learn the rules of word stress, the rules for the connection and reduction of sounds, which will be discussed in our next article

Did you know that the English alphabet consists of 26 letters and 46 different sounds? One and the same letter can transmit several sounds at the same time. Don't panic! We will tell you how easy it is to memorize English sounds without boring tables and cramming.

As a rule, in English lessons the child maintains a separate dictionary in which the pages are divided into three columns: "word", "transcription", "translation". New words are written there, which then need to be learned. And if everything is clear with the columns "word" and "translation", then with the "transcription" there are often difficulties.

What is transcription? This is a kind of instruction on how to read a word. It is usually written in square brackets. For example: . The symbols that are inside the square brackets are the sounds of the English language. One symbol \u003d one sound. Only these symbols do not always look like the letters of the alphabet. ... Let's take a look at the English sounds that are most difficult for a child and how to learn them:

We select associations

It's no secret that difficult things are easier to remember by the method of associations. This rule works especially well for children.

ʊ - short [y] - very similar to the icon "horseshoe"
æ - wide [e] - open our mouth wide and say "e". We call this symbol "Bug-icon" 🐞
ŋ - [ny] - a funny sound that is similar to how the Elephant was talking in the cartoon "38 Parrots" 🐘. I need to say "n", but a little "in the nose", as if you have a runny nose... Try pinching your nose with your fingers, opening your mouth and saying "n". Happened?

ð - interdental [h]
θ - interdental [s]

To remember this pair of sounds, the child can tell the whole fairy tale: “There was once a little bunny (our tongue). But he was very shy, so he sat in the burrow (mouth) all the time. But once he dared to stick out the very tip of his nose from the mink (we stick the tip of the tongue between the teeth). First, he spoke softly [θ], and then loudly [ð].

s, d, n, t - [s], [d], [n], [t] - remember the series "Yeralash" about English pronunciation? “You need to speak as if you have a hot potato in your mouth,” is the best explanation for the baby. When you make these sounds tongue touches hard palate and alveoli, a little further than in Russian.
r - [p] - English "p" is not like ours. In Russian, the tongue seems to tremble in the mouth. In English, language "Wraps up" tip back to the soft palate.
w - [y] / [v] - there is no such sound in Russian either. First, we stretch our lips, trying to say "y", but then the lips should sort of "spring"without closing in and returning to a smile. Remember how you say "Wow!"
e - narrow [e] - similar to the Russian "e" without the "y". When pronouncing, we open our mouth quite a bit.
ə - voiceless [e] - a voiceless, slightly “squeezed” sound, very short and almost indistinguishable. When you say the word "m aboutloco ", then you pronounce this sound in place of the first" o ". The symbol is called funny– "Seam".
ɜ - average [e] - read like the letter e in the word "ice".
j - [th] - very important do not confuse with the letter Jj ("jay")! In transcription, this symbol means not at all what the letter.

To simplify the task even more, we drew the basic symbols of the English transcription with the appropriate sounds of the Russian language.

AllRIght.com tip: tell your child that he or she copes with sounds brilliantly. Indeed, at this stage, the baby should feel relaxed and not hesitate to experiment. Otherwise, the child will think he looks funny and refuse to continue.

If home lessons do not bring the desired results, come to us. AllRight.com educators will always find an easy way to even the most difficult knowledge 📚 free!