A message about any solar system. The planets of the solar system and their arrangement in order. Interesting facts about the planets of the solar system

Our "home" is the solar system, which belongs to a galaxy called the Milky Way. The solar system consists of a large bright star - the Sun, which, by gravity, holds everything around it: planets, their satellites, comets, asteroids, cosmic gas and dust. Let's take a closer look at the planets Solar system.

Opens the list of planets in the solar system Mercury, which is closest to the Sun and revolves around it much faster than its neighbors. Moreover, Mercury is the smallest of all the planets. Its surface resembles a rocky desert.

During the daytime, Mercury is several times hotter than at the warmest point on Earth. But with the coming of night, the temperature drops sharply, dropping below zero. This is due to the fact that Mercury has no atmosphere, and heat does not stay there.

Figure: 1. Mercury.

Venus

Venus resembles Earth in many ways, but its atmosphere is strikingly different from Earth's: it is composed of poisonous carbon dioxide. In addition, the atmosphere on the planet is so dense that it easily traps heat, and therefore it is very hot here. Venus is the brightest planet in the solar system, which rotates in the opposite direction. If you find yourself on its surface, you will have to admire the sunrise not in the east, but in the west.

The Earth is a unique planet in the solar system, because only there is life on it. And all thanks to the fact that the planet has a breathable atmosphere, the World Ocean, and rich vegetation. In addition, the Earth is located from the Sun just enough so that sunlight gives heat, but does not burn everything on the surface. The Earth has a natural satellite - the Moon.

Figure: 2. Earth.

Mars

This planet is more like the rest of the Earth. That is why for a long time it was believed that there is life here. However, after careful exploration of the planet, it turned out that this is not the case. The surface of Mars resembles a desert with numerous channels and craters. There are also very high mountains. The upper layers contain a lot of iron, which gives the surface a reddish tint. Mars has 2 moons.

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Jupiter

The size of this planet is amazing: Jupiter is so large that all the planets could easily fit inside it. Due to the fact that it spins very quickly, its middle part protrudes slightly, and the planet looks like a flattened ball.

Jupiter is the record holder not only for its size, but also for the number of satellites. 63 satellites revolve around the giant planet, four of which were discovered back in 1610 by the great Galileo Galilei.

The second largest planet, which has a distinctive feature - beautiful luminous rings, consisting of billions of stone and ice particles. The main components of the planet are hydrogen and helium, making it the lightest of all planets. This means that if a huge ocean existed, Saturn could float freely in it. The planet has 7 satellites.

Figure: 3. Saturn.

Uranus

Since the planet is at a great distance from the Sun, it is very cold on it. The main feature of Uranus is its way of rotation: the planet rotates, as if lying on its side. She has rings like Saturn, but not as bright. Has 5 main satellites.

Neptune

Neptune is the twin brother of Uranus, only smaller in size. Severe frosts reign here, which is difficult for a person to imagine: on the surface of Neptune, the temperature is -20C. This is the first planet that was discovered not through observation, but calculated mathematically. Due to its great distance from Earth, Neptune was explored by only one spacecraft almost 20 years ago. Has 14 satellites.

What have we learned?

When studying the program of the outside world of 3-5 grade, we learned which planets are included in the solar system, how they are located, and what characteristics they have. We learned that the only planet that has life is our Earth.

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It's hard to believe, but once the Space was completely empty. There were no planets, no satellites, no stars. Where did they come from? How was the solar system formed? These questions have worried mankind for many centuries. This article will help to give some idea of \u200b\u200bwhat the Cosmos is and will reveal interesting facts about the planets of the solar system.

How it all began

The Universe is the entire visible and invisible Cosmos together with all existing cosmic bodies. Several theories of its appearance have been put forward:

3. Divine intervention.Our Universe is so unique, everything in it is thought out to the smallest detail that it could not arise by itself. Only the Great Creator is capable of creating such a miracle. Absolutely not a scientific theory, but it has a right to exist.

The debate about the causes of the true origin of outer space continues. In fact, we have an idea of \u200b\u200bthe solar system, which includes a burning star and eight planets with their satellites, galaxies, stars, comets, black holes, and much more.

Amazing discoveries or interesting facts about the planets of the solar system

Outer space beckons with its mystery. Each celestial body keeps its own riddle. Thanks to astronomical discoveries, valuable information about heavenly wanderers appears.

Closest to the sun is Mercury... It is believed that it was once a satellite of Venus. But as a result of a cosmic catastrophe, the cosmic body separated from Venus and acquired its own orbit. A year on Mercury lasts 88 days, and a day lasts 59 days.

Mercury is the only planet in the solar system on which you can observe the movement of the sun in the opposite direction. This phenomenon has a completely logical explanation. The speed of rotation of the planet around its axis is much slower than the movement in its orbit. Due to such a difference in speed modes, the effect of changing the movement of the Sun arises.

A fantastic phenomenon can be observed on Mercury: two sunsets and sunrises. And if you move to the 0˚ and 180̊ meridians, you can witness three sunsets and sunrises per day.

Venus goes next to Mercury. It lights up in the sky during sunset on Earth, but you can watch it for only a couple of hours. Because of this feature, she was nicknamed "Evening Star". Interestingly, the orbit of Venus lies within the orbit of our planet. But it moves along it in the opposite direction, counterclockwise. A year on the planet lasts 225 days, and 1 day lasts 243 earth days. Venus, like the Moon, has a phase change, transforming itself into a thin sickle, then into a wide circle. There is an assumption that some types of terrestrial bacteria can live in the atmosphere of Venus.

Earth - truly the pearl of the solar system. Only on it there is a huge variety of life forms. People feel so comfortable on this planet and do not even realize that it rushes along its orbit at a speed of 108,000 km per hour.

The fourth planet from the Sun is Mars. He is accompanied by two companions. A day on this planet is equal in duration to the earth's - 24 hours. But 1 year lasts 668 days, just like on Earth, the seasons change here. The seasons cause changes in the appearance of the planet.

Jupiter is the largest space giant. Has a lot of satellites (more than 60 pieces) and 5 rings. The mass exceeds the Earth by 318 times. But, despite its impressive size, it moves fast enough. It turns around its own axis in just 10 hours, but overcomes the distance around the Sun in 12 years.

The weather on Jupiter is bad - constant storms and hurricanes, accompanied by lightning. A striking representative of such weather conditions is the Great Red Spot - a whirlwind moving at a speed of 435 km / h.

Distinctive feature Saturn, certainly are his rings. These flat formations are composed of dust and ice. The thickness of the circles ranges from 10 - 15 m to 1 km, the width from 3,000 km to 300,000 km. The rings of the planet are not a single whole, but represent formations in the form of thin spokes. Also, the planet is surrounded by more than 62 satellites.

Saturn has an incredibly high rotational speed, so much so that it contracts at the poles. A day on the planet lasts 10 hours, a year - 30 years.

Uranus, like Venus, it moves counterclockwise around the star. The uniqueness of the planet lies in the fact that it "lies on its side", its axis is inclined at an angle of 98˚. There is a theory that the planet took this position after a collision with another space object.

Like Saturn, Uranus has a complex ring system, consisting of a collection of inner and outer rings. In total, Uranus has 13 of them. It is believed that the rings are the remains of the former satellite of Uranus that collided with the planet.

Uranus does not have a solid surface, a third of the radius, about 8,000 km, is a gas envelope.

Neptune - the last planet of the solar system. It is surrounded by 6 dark rings. Methane, which is present in the atmosphere, gives the planet the most beautiful shade of sea waves. Neptune makes one revolution in orbit in 164 years. But it moves around its axis quickly enough, and the day goes by
16 hours. In some places, Neptune's orbit intersects with Pluto's.

Neptune has a large number of satellites. Basically, they all rotate in front of the orbit of Neptune and are called internal. There are only two external satellites accompanying the planet.

Neptune can be observed. However, the flares are too weak and occur throughout the planet, and not exclusively at the poles, as on Earth.

Once upon a time, there were 9 planets in space. This number included and Pluto.But due to its small size, the astronomical community has identified it in a series of dwarf planets (asteroids).

Such interesting facts and amazing stories about the planets of the solar system are revealed in the process of exploring the black depths of the Cosmos.

Our planet Earth, on which we live, is part of the solar system. In the center of the solar system, a hot star, the Sun, shines brightly. Eight main planets revolve around it at different distances from the Sun. One of them, the third in a row, is our Earth.

Each planet has its own orbit, in which it moves around the sun. A complete revolution around the Sun is called a year. On Earth, it lasts 365 days. On planets that are closer to the Sun, the year lasts less, and on those that are farther away, a full revolution can be several Earth years. Also, the planets rotate on their axis. One such complete revolution is called a day. On Earth, a day (revolution around its axis) is approximately 24 hours (more precisely, 23 hours 56 minutes 4 seconds).

Presentation for Children: Planets of the Solar System

The sun

A bright star located in the center of the solar system. The sun, like a red-hot ball of fire, distributes heat to its nearby planets. True, those planets that are very close to the Sun (Mercury and Venus) are very hot, and those that are farther away from Mars are very cold, because warm rays hardly reach them. But on planet Earth, the temperature turned out to be neither low nor high, very convenient for the emergence and development of life on it.

Mercury

This smallest planet is closest to the Sun. At the same time, almost all the time it turns to the Sun with one side. Therefore, it is very hot on one side of Mercury and very cold on the other.

Venus

The second planet from the Sun. On it, like on Earth, there is an atmosphere, it is such an air shell. Only, unlike our earthly one, it does not consist of oxygen, but mostly of carbon dioxide. Therefore, it is impossible to breathe on Venus, and on its surface it is very, very hot. So there are no plants, no animals, no bacteria.

Earth

This blue planet, the third from the Sun, is our common home. Here we live, animals, people, fish, birds - all under one roof. And the roof of the planet Earth consists of an atmosphere in which a huge amount of oxygen is necessary for life. Here we build our world, write history, and from here we observe other planets and stars. And the planet Earth also has a little girlfriend - the Moon, which is a satellite of the Earth.

Mars

Red little planet, the fourth in a row. There is very little oxygen on it, almost none. Also, there is almost no water, although scientists are looking for it all the time, because once it may have been on Mars a lot. Then, many, many years ago, there could be rivers, seas and oceans on the planet, but then something happened and the water disappeared. This mystery has yet to be solved.

Jupiter

The largest, fifth planet in the solar system. Jupiter is made of gas and is called the gas giant. On its surface, storms and whirlwinds of winds constantly occur, and the planet itself, despite its size, very quickly rotates around its axis, like a top.

Saturn

A beautiful and unusual planet, the sixth from the Sun. Its amazing feature, which can be seen from Earth through a telescope, is a ring around the planet. The ring looks like a disk, but in reality it is not a solid disk, but thousands and thousands of small stones, asteroid fragments and dust.

Uranus

A mysterious planet, the seventh in a row, which, for some unknown reason, lies on its side and rotates in a completely different way from other planets. Uranus has an unusual blue color and looks like a round ball with a flat surface.

Neptune

The icy, very cold planet, the eighth in a row, is very far from the Sun, so the sun's rays almost never reach the surface of this blue planet. The strongest winds blow on Neptune, and therefore the weather on it is not just winter, but by cosmic standards, completely cold, so that everything on it, even the gas, turns into ice.

Pluto

Once this planet was the ninth in a row and was part of the solar system, but it turned out that it was too small for the title of a planet and it is now called a dwarf planet and is not allowed to enter adult planets from the name. Maybe Pluto is still quite a baby and he just needs to grow up)

The planets of the solar system

According to the official position of the International Astronomical Union (IAS), the organization that assigns names to astronomical objects, there are only 8 planets.

Pluto was excluded from the category of planets in 2006. since in the Kuiper belt there are objects that are larger / or equal in size to Pluto. Therefore, even if it is taken for a full-fledged celestial body, then it is necessary to add Eris to this category, which has almost the same size with Pluto.

As defined by MAC, there are 8 known planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.

All planets are divided into two categories depending on their physical characteristics: the terrestrial group and the gas giants.

Schematic representation of the location of the planets

Terrestrial planets

Mercury

The smallest planet in the solar system has a radius of only 2,440 km. The period of revolution around the Sun, for ease of understanding, equated to the Earth's year, is 88 days, while Mercury manages to complete a revolution around its own axis only one and a half times. Thus, his day lasts approximately 59 Earth days. For a long time it was believed that this planet was all the time turned to the Sun by the same side, since the periods of its visibility from the Earth were repeated with a frequency approximately equal to four Mercury days. This misconception was dispelled with the advent of the possibility of using radar research and conducting constant observations using space stations. The orbit of Mercury is one of the most unstable, changing not only the speed of movement and its distance from the Sun, but also the position itself. Anyone interested can observe this effect.

Mercury in color, image from MESSENGER spacecraft

The proximity to the Sun has caused Mercury to experience the largest temperature fluctuations among the planets of our system. The average daytime temperature is about 350 degrees Celsius, and the nighttime temperature is -170 ° C. Sodium, oxygen, helium, potassium, hydrogen and argon were found in the atmosphere. There is a theory that he was previously a satellite of Venus, but so far this remains unproven. He has no satellites of his own.

Venus

The second planet from the Sun, the atmosphere of which is almost entirely carbon dioxide. It is often called the Morning Star and the Evening Star, because it is the first of the stars that becomes visible after sunset, just as before dawn it continues to be visible even when all other stars have disappeared from sight. The percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is 96%, nitrogen in it is relatively small - almost 4%, and water vapor and oxygen are present in very small amounts.

Venus in the UV spectrum

This atmosphere creates a greenhouse effect, the surface temperature is therefore even higher than that of Mercury and reaches 475 ° C. It is considered the most leisurely, the Venusian day lasts 243 Earth days, which is almost equal to a year on Venus - 225 Earth days. Many call it the sister of the Earth because of its mass and radius, the values \u200b\u200bof which are very close to those of the Earth. The radius of Venus is 6052 km (0.85% of the Earth). There are no satellites, like Mercury.

The third planet from the Sun and the only one in our system where there is liquid water on the surface, without which life on the planet could not have developed. At least life is as we know it. The radius of the Earth is 6371 km and, unlike other celestial bodies of our system, more than 70% of its surface is covered with water. The rest of the space is occupied by continents. Another feature of the Earth is the tectonic plates hidden under the planet's mantle. At the same time, they are able to move, albeit at a very low speed, which over time causes a change in the landscape. The speed of the planet moving along it is 29-30 km / sec.

Our planet from space

One revolution on its axis takes almost 24 hours, and the full orbital passage lasts 365 days, which is much longer in comparison with the nearest neighboring planets. The Earth's day and year are also taken as a standard, but this is done only for the convenience of perception of time intervals on the other planets. The Earth has one natural satellite - the Moon.

Mars

The fourth planet from the Sun, known for its tenuous atmosphere. Since 1960, Mars has been actively explored by scientists from several countries, including the USSR and the USA. Not all exploration programs have been successful, but water found in some areas suggests that primitive life on Mars exists, or has existed in the past.

The brightness of this planet allows you to see it from Earth without any instruments. Moreover, once every 15-17 years, during the Opposition, it becomes the brightest object in the sky, eclipsing even Jupiter and Venus.

The radius is almost half that of the Earth and is 3390 km, but the year is much longer - 687 days. He has 2 satellites - Phobos and Deimos .

An illustrative model of the solar system

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• The sun

  The Sun is a star, which is a hot ball of incandescent gases at the center of our solar system. Its influence extends far beyond the orbits of Neptune and Pluto. Without the Sun and its intense energy and heat, there would be no life on Earth. There are billions of stars, like our Sun, scattered throughout the Milky Way galaxy.

• Mercury

  Scorched by the Sun, Mercury is only slightly larger than Earth's satellite Moon. Like the Moon, Mercury is practically devoid of an atmosphere and cannot smooth out the traces of impact from falling meteorites, therefore, like the Moon, it is covered with craters. The daytime side of Mercury gets very hot on the sun, and on the night side, the temperature drops hundreds of degrees below zero. There is ice in the craters of Mercury, which are located at the poles. Mercury makes one revolution around the Sun every 88 days.

• Venus

  Venus is a world of monstrous heat (even more than on Mercury) and volcanic activity. Similar in structure and size to Earth, Venus is covered in a thick and toxic atmosphere that creates a strong greenhouse effect. This scorched world is hot enough to melt lead. Radar images through the mighty atmosphere have revealed volcanoes and warped mountains. Venus rotates in the opposite direction from the rotation of most planets.

• Earth is an ocean planet. Our home, with its abundance of water and life, makes it unique in our solar system. Other planets, including several moons, also have ice deposits, atmosphere, seasons and even weather, but only on Earth did all these components come together in such a way that life became possible.

• Mars

  Although details of the surface of Mars are difficult to see from Earth, telescope observations show that Mars has seasons and white spots at the poles. For decades, people believed that the bright and dark areas on Mars were patches of vegetation and that Mars might be a suitable place for life, and that water exists in the polar caps. When the spacecraft Mariner 4 flew off Mars in 1965, many of the scientists were shocked to see photographs of the gloomy planet covered with craters. Mars turned out to be a dead planet. Later missions, however, revealed that Mars holds many mysteries that still remain to be solved.

• Jupiter

  Jupiter is the most massive planet in our solar system, with four large moons and many small moons. Jupiter forms a kind of miniature solar system. To turn into a full-fledged star, Jupiter had to become 80 times more massive.

• Saturn

  Saturn is the farthest of the five planets known before the invention of the telescope. Like Jupiter, Saturn is composed primarily of hydrogen and helium. Its volume is 755 times that of the Earth. Winds in its atmosphere reach speeds of 500 meters per second. These fast winds, combined with the heat rising from the interior of the planet, are causing the yellow and golden streaks we see in the atmosphere.

• Uranus

  The first planet found with a telescope, Uranus was discovered in 1781 by astronomer William Herschel. The seventh planet is so far from the Sun that one revolution around the Sun takes 84 years.

• Neptune

  The distant Neptune revolves almost 4.5 billion kilometers from the Sun. It takes 165 years for one revolution around the Sun. It is invisible to the naked eye due to its great distance from Earth. It is interesting that its unusual elliptical orbit intersects with the orbit of the dwarf planet Pluto, which is why Pluto is inside the orbit of Neptune for about 20 years out of 248 during which it makes one revolution around the Sun.

• Pluto

  Tiny, cold and incredibly distant, Pluto was discovered in 1930 and has long been considered the ninth planet. But after the discoveries of Pluto-like worlds that were even further away, Pluto was transferred to the category of dwarf planets in 2006.

Planets are giants

There are four gas giants located beyond the orbit of Mars: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. They are found in the outer solar system. They are distinguished by their massiveness and gas composition.

Planets of the solar system, not scaled

Jupiter

The fifth in a row from the Sun and the largest planet in our system. Its radius is 69912 km, it is 19 times larger than the Earth and only 10 times smaller than the Sun. The year on Jupiter is not the longest in the solar system, it lasts 4333 Earth days (less than 12 years). His own day has a duration of about 10 Earth hours. The exact composition of the planet's surface has not yet been determined, but it is known that krypton, argon and xenon are present on Jupiter in much larger quantities than on the Sun.

It is believed that one of the four gas giants is actually a failed star. This theory is supported by the largest number of satellites, of which Jupiter has many - as many as 67. To imagine their behavior in the planet's orbit, a sufficiently accurate and clear model of the solar system is needed. The largest of them are Callisto, Ganymede, Io and Europa. At the same time, Ganymede is the largest satellite of the planets in the entire solar system, its radius is 2634 km, which is 8% larger than the size of Mercury, the smallest planet in our system. Io differs in that it is one of three satellites with an atmosphere.

Saturn

The second largest planet and the sixth in the solar system. Compared to other planets, the composition is most similar to the Sun chemical elements... The radius of the surface is 57350 km, the year is 10759 days (almost 30 Earth years). The day here lasts a little longer than on Jupiter - 10.5 Earth hours. In the number of satellites, it is not much behind its neighbor - 62 against 67. The largest satellite of Saturn is Titan, just like Io, which has an atmosphere. Slightly smaller in size, but no less famous from this - Enceladus, Rhea, Dione, Tethys, Iapetus and Mimas. It is these satellites that are the objects for the most frequent observation, and therefore we can say that they are the most studied in comparison with the rest.

For a long time, rings on Saturn were considered a unique phenomenon inherent only in him. It has only recently been established that rings are present in all gas giants, but in others they are not so clearly visible. Their origin has not yet been established, although there are several hypotheses about how they came about. In addition, more recently it was discovered that Rhea, one of the satellites of the sixth planet, also possesses a kind of rings.

The development and education of children is considered the most difficult, each parent goes his own way of "trial and error", trying not to harm their baby. And many are interested in how best to tell about space and the planets of the solar system. For children, as for many adults, this topic is extremely mysterious and interesting, but it is very important not to overload them with unnecessary information. But deliberately reducing the material that could be interesting to the crumbs is by no means worth it.

Features:

So, what needs to be told to preschoolers, what basic astronomical knowledge is important for them to transfer?

• What is the Sun, what is its role, why is the system called Solar?
• The location of the planets.
• Brief information about the planets themselves. So, a preschooler is already quite able to understand why Mars is red.
• Information about how the universe was born.

You can also tell especially curious kids:

• how planets differ from stars;
• what is a satellite (for example, why the moon is called a satellite of the earth);
• what are the known constellations, how they look on the star map and in the sky.

Listening to the explanation of mom or dad, the baby not only learns a lot about the world around him. He will improve his vocabulary, enriching himself with special vocabulary, in addition, astronomy classes will help develop thinking, imagination, memory.

How to start dating?

There are several options for conducting the first astronomy lesson.

• The easiest one is to watch a movie with a preschooler with accompanying comments from the parent and the answer to the questions that the child may have. BBC films are quite high-quality, they make it possible to understand the enormous dimensions of the Universe, at the same time cognitive, although sometimes they contain unproven hypotheses.
• The second option is independent work. Mom or dad themselves will tell the child about the galaxy, that our galaxy is called the Milky Way, and the Sun - the star to which we all owe our lives - is actually not so big.
• Finally, another way is to play. You can get acquainted with an interesting script here.

You can also combine the methods, first by playing with the baby, and then by telling him the theory.

How to represent the planets?

Astronomy is a serious science, not everyone is interested in it, since the composition of the planets, the properties of red dwarfs and black holes are sometimes fascinating only thanks to science fiction. And therefore it will not be easy for parents. On the one hand, you need to provide truthful information, for which you should be savvy yourself. On the other hand, do not be too serious and boring, otherwise the child will very quickly lose interest.

There are a few tricks that will help you find the middle ground:

• Make a presentation with text and photos. This will help not to miss the important and not overload the child with unnecessary ones.
• Use pictures, posters, cards - all kinds of visual aids. This will allow the baby to visualize difficult realities. Indeed, it is better to see once than hear a hundred times.
• Together with your child, you can create a model of the galaxy.

It could be a drawing. For example, my mother draws the Sun in the center of a leaf and, at the same time, says that this star is a source of heat and light, all the planets of our galaxy revolve around it. It is advisable to explain to the child that the Sun is not a yellow circle with rays, as it is usually portrayed by younger preschoolers, but a celestial body, consisting of two gases - helium and hydrogen. It will be interesting for the child to know that humanity has studied very little of this most important star for us, since it is impossible to fly up to the Sun due to the high temperature.

Similarly, Mercury is drawn, which is much smaller than the main star. For clarity, it is worth depicting the orbit in which the planet revolves around the sun. Then other celestial bodies are applied to the sheet.

If there is no desire to draw, the planetary model can be molded from plasticine, laid out from colored mosaic elements, sewn. The main thing is for the child to be interested, to ask questions, to strive to learn more.

A situation may arise when mom or dad do not know what to answer the "tricky" question of the baby. In this case, you need to take a break, inform that on this topic "we will certainly talk tomorrow." Having prepared, you should answer. We must not forget children's questions or be glad that the child does not ask again and, apparently, has forgotten himself. This approach destroys healthy curiosity and desire to explore the world.

What to tell?

Consider what description of the planets will be interesting for kids.

• Mercury.

This is the planet closest to the Sun, so it is very hot here. Differs in small size, during the day the temperature here is + 350 ° С, at night - below -160 ° С. The duration of one day on this planet is about 60 Earth days, a year lasts 88 days. Interestingly, Mercury can sometimes be seen from our planet. To consolidate the material, you can ask the child to come up with what living creatures could live here. A preschooler may assume that these are some creatures that are not afraid of either cold, or heat, or a sharp drop in temperature.

• Venus.

It is very similar in size to the Earth. The planet is also accessible to the naked eye, has no water shell, and is covered with craters. Interestingly, the rotation is in a different direction than the rest. To memorize, you can draw Venus as a wayward round young lady who does her own thing.

• Earth.

Our home planet is distinguished by the presence of oxygen necessary for life. It is here that the optimal conditions for us, people, were comfortable. In addition, only the Earth contains the required amount of water. The satellite of the planet is the Moon.

• Mars.

You can see the drawings of the planets, see the red surface, tell the kid that research is being actively carried out in our time, that flights to Mars have become available. You can ask a question that will make sure whether the material is assimilated correctly: where is the higher temperature, on Mars or on Venus, and why? The child must answer that on Venus, since it is located closer to the Sun.

• Jupiter.

It is a giant planet, composed of gas, and is the largest in the solar system. The year on Jupiter is 12 terrestrial. There is no oxygen and water here, the number of satellites is more than 60. You can also ask, is the life we \u200b\u200bare used to on Jupiter possible? Ideally, the child should guess that it is not, since there is no water or oxygen.

• Saturn.

A beautiful planet with rings, the second largest in the solar system.

• Uranus.

It is called an ice planet because the temperature here is below -220 ° C.

• Neptune.

Has 6 rings, several satellites and its own atmosphere. Painted in a beautiful blue color.

Together with the child, you can draw the planets like this:

• Mercury - in sunglasses;
• Venus is a fashionable girl, for example, in a hat;
• Earth is a blue-green planet with life (flowers, trees, animals, people);
• Mars is red;
• Jupiter is a large planet;
• Saturn - slightly smaller, with rings;
• Uranus is icy, light blue;
• Neptune is bright blue.

This funny picture will allow you to remember the distinctive characteristics of celestial bodies.

How do you learn order?

A preschooler needs to know the location of the planets from the Sun in order. There is a trick:

1. For each planet, use the first letter: M - Mercury, B - Venus.
2. Next, come up with a phrase, a catchy phrase, the words in which begin with the first letters of the names of the planets.

For example: We Call Everyone to Wash Yulu with Universal Purpose.

You can also just reduce the planets to the first letters and place a hint on the picture that will be in front of the baby's eyes: MVZMYUSUN.

Expand the boundaries

It is very important that the parent's story about astronomy is not boring and superficial, and does not limit the child's curiosity. You can tell your baby the following:

1. About Pluto, a small celestial body that was previously considered the ninth planet of the solar system, but later it was decided to exclude it from this list. Some researchers do not classify Pluto as a planet at all.
2. What is an asteroid. This is not a planet, not a satellite, but a completely unique celestial body, which is a fragment of a dead planet. This idea will show that the Universe is changing, some celestial bodies disappear, others, on the contrary, are being born. Individual asteroids form a belt that protects our planet from external influences.
3. Comets. These are beautiful celestial bodies with a tail made of gas, which periodically fly in the immediate vicinity of the Earth.
4. The possibility of life on other planets. An inquisitive child should be told that the presence or absence of intelligent life has not yet been proven, that there are several theories on this score.
5. The structure of the Earth. The planet consists of a core, a mantle and a shell, that is, in fact, it is very similar to a peach: the bone is the core, the red-hot part. The mantle is the pulp and the thin skin is the shell. People, like all living things, are located precisely on the shell. Only here the conditions are acceptable.
6. The Big Bang Theory. Without going into details, it can be explained that, according to the most common hypothesis, our universe arose from a gas explosion that occurred billions of years ago. As a result of this process, the celestial bodies familiar to us arose.
7. Stars. What is it, what are the most famous we know, how the constellations are formed.

It is very important not to force the child to memorize the names and properties of celestial bodies, but to acquaint him with them in an entertaining way, to arouse sincere interest and a desire to learn more.

Forms of classes

For preschoolers, the best way to get to know the world of astrology is through play. Therefore, you can offer to play a homemade board game, which is a field on which planets and cells are drawn for moving chips. After rolling the dice, the players make a certain number of moves. If you get to a stop-planet, you have to tell something about it. The winner is the one who gets to the Sun first.

More options for conducting classes:

• Parents offer the child a model of the solar system - several pre-prepared schematic planets (you can draw them on thick cardboard) and orbital ropes. The kid's task is to fold the model.
• When meeting the stars, you can invite your child to draw famous constellations (first according to the model, then from memory).
• Role-playing games. If there are several children, each of them tries on the role of one of the planets of his choice (you can even prepare a costume for the greatest interest), after which he tells "about himself." If the baby is alone, toys become "planets".
• Come up with a fairy tale. The child, together with his mother, composes a fascinating fairy tale about celestial bodies or the history of the Universe. Fictional events intertwined with scientific factscreating unique text.

The study of astronomy with a preschooler, acquaintance with the planets of the solar system is the most important stage in the development of a child's outlook and cognitive interest. Parents are required to talk about space briefly, but competently and interestingly, so that the baby wants to know more.