Terms in physics and chemistry in English. English nouns on the topic "Physical phenomena, characteristics". Concise glossary of technical terms

force		force
power	[ˈPaʊə]	energy
strength		force
speed		speed
size		the size
length		length
color (color)	[ˈKʌlə]	colour
shape (form)	[ʃeɪp]	the form
temperature	[ˈTɛmprɪʧə]	temperature
capacity		capacity
volume	[ˈVɒljʊm]	volume
mass		weight
weight		weight
smell		smell
pace		pace
contrast	[ˈKɒntrɑːst]	contrast
absence	[ˈÆbsəns]	absence
presence	[ˈPrɛzns]	presence
state		condition (e.g. substance)
noise		noise
resistance		resistance
tension	[ˈTɛnʃən]	tension, tension
kilogram	[ˈKɪləʊgræm]	kilogram
meter	[ˈMiːtə]	meter
inch	[ɪnʧ]	inch
mile		mile
pound		lb.
foot		foot

Examples:

The examples do not show all possible meanings of words, but only one or two basic ones related to this part of speech and topic. For more meanings and examples, check out online dictionaries and translators.

• force - force

physical force - physical strength

May the Force be with you - May the Force be with you

• power - energy

nuclear power - nuclear energy

The power is low - Energy (charge) level is low

• strength - force

to develop strength - to develop strength

• speed - speed

to increase speed - increase speed

to decrease speed - decrease speed

• size - the size

What is your size? - What is your size?

• length - length

The plank is two meters in length - Board length - two meters

• color (color) - Colour

What color are your eyes? - What color are your eyes?

• shape (form) - form

The room is oval in shape - Oval shaped room

The cake is in the shape of a hedgehog - The cake is made in the shape of a hedgehog

• temperature - temperature

The doctor took my temperature - The doctor took my temperature

• capacity - capacity

What is the capacity of the elevator? - What is the lift capacity?

• volume - volume

These two vessels are equal in volume - These two vessels are of equal volume

• mass - weight

sticky shapeless mass - sticky shapeless mass

mass of the body - body mass (physical)

• weight - weight

excessive weight - overweight

to lose \\ gain weight - to lose \\ gain weight

• smell - smell

I love the smell of oranges - I love the smell of oranges

• pace - pace

She is running at a slow \\ fast pace - She runs at a slow \\ fast pace

The pace of modern life - The pace of modern life

• contrast - contrast

The artist uses contrast between light and darkness - The artist uses contrast between light and shadow

• absence - absence

The teacher was surprised by my absence - The teacher was surprised by my absence

• presence - presence

Watch your language in the presence of adults - Watch your speech in the presence of adults

• state - state (e.g. substance)

to be in a state of readiness - to be in a state of readiness

• noise - noise

to make noise - make noise

• resistance - resistance

The squad met heavy resistance - Platoon met heavy resistance

Copper has low resistance - Copper has low resistance

• tension - tension, tension

We could feel the tension in the room - Tension was felt in the room

the tension of a rope - rope tension

• kilogram - kilogram

A kilogram is equal to one grams thousand - A kilogram is equal to a thousand grams.

• meter - meter

The house is about five meters tall - The height of the house is about five meters

• inch - inch

One inch is approximately two point five centimeters - An inch is approximately two and five tenths of a centimeters

• mile - mile

We traveled over miles of dirt road - We drove miles of dirt road

• pound - pound

My cat is seven pounds - My cat weighs seven pounds

• foot - foot

One foot is twelve inches - One foot equals twelve inches

Notes:

1. Beyond the noun smell (smell) there is also a verb to smell, which means 1) smell, 2) smell.
2. Word tension can mean not only "tension" in the physical sense, but also "tension" in a figurative sense (difficult relationship): There is some serious tension between them. - There is serious tension between them.

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Even if you have nothing to do with engineering, we advise you to read the article. For example, the English names of screws and dowels will come in handy if you assemble furniture according to the instructions in English or buy exclusive materials on English-language sites.

Concise glossary of technical terms

We have tried to collect the terms that are most often encountered in the work of an engineer. Of course, we only covered the basic vocabulary. If you want to learn English in a narrower engineering field, you can do it on ours. Whether you are a design engineer or an electrical engineer, we will select the materials that are useful in your industry.

If you know the basic terminology, scroll down to the end: we have collected 33 useful resources for you to develop your listening and reading skills. Plus, our list of vlogs, podcasts, series, and courses will help make learning fun.

General terminology

To begin with, let's take a look at the names of engineering industries and the names of some positions.

Word / Phrase	Transfer
engineering	engineering
mechanical engineering	mechanical engineering, mechanical engineering, mechanical system design
electrical engineering	electromechanics, technical design of electrical circuits
civil engineering	design and construction of civil objects
structural engineering	industrial design / construction design
biomedical engineering	biomedical engineering
chemical engineering	chemical engineering
software engineering	software engineering
systems engineering	systems engineering
an engineer	engineer, designer
an engineering technician	engineering and technical worker

Design

Let's move on to the basic set of words, which is necessary for drawing up drawings and diagrams.

Word / Phrase	Transfer
design information	design information
a design solution	design and technical solution
an item	part, product, unit
size	the size
scale	scale
CAD / kæd / (computer-aided design)	computer-aided design system
specifications	specifications
technical requirements	technical characteristics, requirements
to overdesign	design with an excessive margin of safety
Blueprints
a drawing (abbreviated as dwg)	drawing, diagram
a blueprint	blue (copy of the drawing)
a detail drawing	detailed drawing
a general arrangement drawing	general arrangement drawing, general diagram
a preliminary drawing	sketch, preliminary drawing
a working drawing	draft diagram, working drawing
schematics	schematic drawing, plan
a drawing board	tablet, drawing board
to draw up a drawing	draw up a drawing

Measurements

The following lexical set will help to carry out measurements, having correctly indicated the radius of the circle and the error in English.

Word / Phrase	Transfer
a measurement	measurement, calculation, system of measures
calculations	calculations, calculations
dimensions (abbreviated as dims)	dimensions
linear dimensions	linear dimensions
a direction	direction
a tape measure	measuring tape
a theodolite	protractor
an angle	angle
a degree	degree
a grade	metric degree
diameter	diameter
a radius (plural: radii)	radius
circumference	perimeter, circumference
a constant	constant
a surface	surface
a face	face surface
a circle	a circle
a concentric circle	concentric circle
a curved line	curved line
an extremity	extreme point
a span	distance between objects
distance	distance
length	length
height	height
width	width
thickness	thickness
area	square
cross-sectional area	cross-sectional area
surface area	surface area
mass	weight
weight	weight
volume	volume
density	density
external	external
internal	interior
horizontal	horizontal
vertical	vertical
flat	flat
smooth	smooth, even
inclined	oblique, at an angle
to measure	to measure
to increase	increase
to decrease	reduce
Accuracy of measurements
dimensional accuracy	accuracy of measurements
precision	accuracy
a deviation	deviation
tolerance	error
a rounding error	rounding error
performance gap	inequality in performance
tight tolerance \u003d close tolerance	small permissible deviation
loose tolerance	wide range permissible error
negligible	irrelevant
imprecise / inaccurate	inaccurate
permissible	permissible
within tolerance	within acceptable values
outside tolerance	out of range
approximately	about
to vary	differ
to round up or down	round up or down
Location
locating	location
a centerline	center line, center line
an offset	bias
center-to-center	distance between centers / axes
a reference point	reference point, starting point
a grid	grid
a gridline	grid line
a diagonal	diagonal
perpendicular to	perpendicular to
to set out	mark position
to locate	locate, place
to run parallel with	be parallel
to intersect at	intersect in

Material technology

A short vocabulary on materials technology can help you work with wood, concrete or metals.

Word / Phrase	Transfer
an element	element
a compound	compound
chemical composition	chemical composition
constituents	constituents
a chemical reaction	chemical reaction
a mixture	mixture
an alloy	admixture
a coefficient	coefficient
non-metals (carbon, silicon)	non-metals (coal, silicon)
metals (iron, copper): ferrous metals non-ferrous metals	metals (iron, copper): metals containing iron iron-free metals
a precious metal	a precious metal
raw materials: powder, fine particles a pellet a fiber	raw materials: powder, fine particles granule fiber
steel: carbon steel alloy steel stainless steel tool steel high-speed steel	steel: carbon steel alloy steel stainless steel tool steel high speed steel
a composite material	composite material
a reinforcing material	strengthening material
a matrix	astringent, solution
carbon fiber	carbon fiber
fibreglass	fiberglass
molten	melted, liquid
to disintegrate	cut apart
to flow	flow
to cover	cover
to melt	melt
to rust	rust
Polymers
a natural polymer	natural polymer
a synthetic polymer	synthetic polymer
thermoplastics: acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) polycarbonate polyvinylchloride (PVC)	thermoplastics: acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS plastic) polycarbonate polyvinyl chloride
thermosetting plastics \u003d thermosets: epoxy resin polyimide	thermosets: epoxy resin (rubber) polyimide
an elastomer	elastomer
rubber	rubber
latex	rubber
Minerals and ceramic materials
a mineral	mineral
ceramics	ceramics
ore	ore mineral
an abrasive material	abrasive
clay	clay
a kiln	kiln
glass: float glass safety glass toughened glass \u003d tempered glass laminated glass	glass: sheet glass shatterproof safety glass tempered high strength glass laminated safety glass
organic	organic
inorganic	inorganic
to anneal	temper, burn
Concrete
concrete	concrete
cement	cement
sand	sand
gravel	gravel
fine aggregate	fine aggregate
coarse aggregate	coarse aggregate
concrete mix design	selection of the composition of the concrete mix
batching	dosage
an additive	additive
a retarder	retarder (concrete)
reinforced concrete	reinforced concrete
reinforcing bars	fittings
formwork \u003d shuttering	formwork
to cast concrete	lay concrete
Wood
wood: hardwood softwood	wood: hardwood softwood
solid wood: grain knots / nɒts /	solid wood: bitches
engineered wood: a particle board \u003d chipboard and medium-density fiberboard (MDF) a orientated strand board (OSB) a glue-laminated section (glulam for short)	composite wood material: medium Density Fiberboard (MDF / Fibreboard) oriented strand board (OSB) glued laminated timber
plywood	plywood
timber \u003d lumber	lumber
a sawmill	sawmill
resin	wood resin
stress-graded	graded by strength
to saw	to saw
Material properties
material properties	material properties
thermal properties	thermal properties
a thermal insulator	thermal insulation material
a coefficient of thermal expansion	thermal expansion coefficient
a coefficient of linear expansion	linear thermal expansion coefficient
tensile strength	tensile strength
compressive strength	compressive strength
deformation	deformation
elongation	stretching
extension	expansion
hardening	solidification
corrosion	corrosion
resistance	resistance
elasticity	elasticity, firmness
ductility	elasticity, pliability
plasticity	plastic
hardness: scratch hardness indentation hardness	strength: scratch resistance indentometric hardness, indentation hardness
durability	service life, wear resistance
fatigue	wear
fracture toughness	fracture toughness
thermal conductivity	thermal conductivity
stiff	hard, inelastic
brittle	fragile, fragile
malleable	malleable
ductile	viscous
to conduct	conduct, pass
to fracture	crack, burst
to resist wear	be resistant to wear

Manufacturing and assembly

Making and assembling appliances, furniture from parts is a task not only for a talented engineer, but also for everyone who has started repairs with their own hands.

Word / Phrase	Transfer
manufacturing	production, manufacturing
machining	machining, machining
computer aided design (CAD) / computer aided manufacturing (CAM)	computer-aided design / computer-aided manufacturing system
a workpiece	part, blank
a blank	blank
blanking	blank cutting
drilling	drilling, drilling
grinding	grinding, sharpening
punching	perforation
cutting: flame-cutting guillotining plasma cutting laser cutting	cutting: flame cutting cutting with guillotine shears plasma cutting laser cut
tools for cutting: a machine tool a circular saw a band saw a power hacksaw a milling machine a lathe a waterjet a cutting disk an abrasive wheel	cutting tools: metal cutting machine a circular saw band-saw hacksaw milling machine lathe water jet cutting machine circular knife grinding wheel, grinding wheel
swarf \u003d chips	metal shavings, sawdust
assembly	assembly
a joint	connection, joint
an edge	edge
a ridge	edge
a rebate	groove, groove
a helical groove	screw groove, spiral groove
a thread	screw thread
a tongue-and-groove joint	cleat"
a cavity \u003d void	cavity, depression
a through hole	through hole
a blind hole	blind, blind hole
chamfered	beveled
pointed	pointed, pointed
proud \u003d raised	convex
recessed	recessed, flush-mounted
toothed	toothed
flush with	flush with, flush with
to slot into	fasten in a groove
to screw into	screw in
to taper	narrow, taper
to machine	machine, machine
to rotate \u003d to spin	rotate
Fasteners
a bolt	bolt
a nut (here)	nut
a washer: a flat washer \u003d a plain washer a spring washer	washer: flat washer spring washer
a screw: a slot head screw a crosshead screw a machine screw a grub screw \u003d a set screw	screw, screw: slotted screw phillips head screw small fixing screw set screw, safety screw
a self-tapping screw	self-tapping screw, self-tapping screw
a screw anchor	dowel
a rivet: a solid rivet a blind rivet \u003d a pop rivet	rivet: solid rivet blind rivet, blind rivet
tools for fastening: a spanner \u003d a wrench a hex key a torque wrench a screwdriver pliers a rivet gun	fastening tools: wrench hex wrench torque wrench screwdriver pliers manual rivet setting tool, riveter
to tighten (here)	screw tight, tighten
to loosen	loosen
to work loose	loosen
to screw in	twist, screw
Non-detachable connections
welding: resistance welding spot welding seam welding ultrasonic welding shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) \u003d arc welding \u003d stick welding gas welding	welding: contact electric welding spot welding seam welding ultrasonic welding metal arc welding gas welding
brazing	refractory soldering
soldering	soft soldering
adhesive	adhesive
a solvent	solvent
to weld	weld, weld
to fuse	alloy
to evaporate	evaporate, evaporate

Energy and temperature

Forms of energy, measurement of temperature - in the next collection of terms.

Word / Phrase	Transfer
Energy
energy: kinetic energy thermal energy electrical energy sound energy light energy chemical energy nuclear energy	energy: kinetic energy thermal energy, thermal energy electricity sound energy, acoustic energy light energy chemical energy atomic energy, nuclear energy
energy efficiency	coefficient of performance (efficiency)
energy source	energy source
waste energy	wasted energy
a joule	joule
a watt	watt
wattage	power in watts
Temperature
temperature	temperature
heat	warmly
vapor	steam
degrees Celsius	degrees centigrade
heat capacity	heat capacity
heat transfer	heat exchange, heat transfer
a heating system	heating system
a convector	radiator
endothermic	endothermic
exothermic	exothermic

Water supply

The next section is dedicated to piping and fluid handling.

Word / Phrase	Transfer
liquid	liquid
water supply	water supply
pipework	pipeline network
a main	main pipe
a drain	drain pipe, drain pipe
sewers	sewerage
a hose	hose
a pump	pump, pump
a turbine	turbine
a valve	valve
pressure	pressure
a pressure gauge	pressure measuring device, manometer
pressure differential	pressure drop
fluid dynamics	dynamics of liquids and gases, fluid dynamics
to flow	flow

Mechanisms

Let's move on to motors, motors and gears.

Word / Phrase	Transfer
an engine: a petrol engine a diesel engine a jet engine	engine: gas engine diesel engine jet engine
an internal combustion engine	internal combustion engine
an electric motor	electric motor
thrust	jet propulsion, thrust
a fuel injector	fuel injector
transmission	gear, transmission
a gear \u003d a gear wheel: a spur gear a helical gear a bevel gear a crown gear a worm gear	gear, cog wheel: spur gear helical gear bevel gear ring gear worm gear
a gear train	gear block, gear train
a chain	chain
chain drive	chain drive, chain drive
a wire rope	cable
a crankshaft	crankshaft, crankshaft
a flywheel	flywheel
reciprocating motion	reciprocating motion
rotary motion	rotary motion
to interlock	connect, interlock
to mesh together	engage, engage

Electricity

The last section of our short technical vocabulary will help you assemble an electrical circuit and measure the frequency of an alternating current.

Word / Phrase	Transfer
current: direct current (DC) alternating current (AC)	current: d.C. alternating current
voltage	voltage
resistance	resistance
an ampere	ampere
an electric charge	electric charge
a charge carrier	charge carrier, current carrier
an electromotive force (EMF)	electromotive force (EMF)
a volt	volt
an ohm	ohm
a device	device
an appliance	device
an electrical insulator	electrical insulator
installation	installation
power rating	rated power, maximum allowable power
electric shock	electric shock, electric shock
technical failure	technical failure, malfunction
Power supply
electrical supply	power supply, power supply
mains electricity	network electricity
a power grid	power grid, power grid
frequency	frequency
a hertz (Hz)	hertz
AC generation	alternating current generation
field coil	electromagnetic coil, inductor
electromagnetic induction	electromagnetic induction
a power station	power station
a power line \u003d a transmission line	power line
a generator	generator
a rechargeable battery	rechargeable battery, battery
to charge	charge
Electrical circuit
an electric circuit	electrical circuit
a parallel circuit	parallel circuit
a series circuit	serial circuit
a conductor	conductor
a semiconductor	semiconductor
a switchboard	switchboard
switchgear	distribution equipment
a power socket	power outlet
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