Lyceum Day 19 October. Archive of the blog "VO! Circle of books". For whom the educational institution was opened

In the name of the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Spirit!

Dear brothers and sisters, while experiencing the events of this week, you and I can plunge into that state of mind that implies the need for a Christian to at least to a small extent participate in an event related to the feat of God for the sake of people.

The Path of Love presupposes a person's readiness to learn the most difficult art, the mastery of which was shown by the Lord Himself, having come to earth, diminishing Himself to a human body, clothed with flesh and then giving it up for crucifixion for human sins, showing an example of great humility. In this self-humiliation of the Lord, the amazing depth of His mercy and readiness to show how many paths there are to the Heavenly Kingdom are revealed before us.

With His pure hands, He washes the feet of disciples, people of low profession, His followers, called to the apostolic ministry. Calling them with Him to a special feast, to a meal where the first Eucharist is celebrated, He, lamenting, but loving the disciple who betrays Him, wants to save him until the last moment, but the soul that has departed from God with difficulty returns to its Savior. Here is the tragedy of a student who, in speed, is an example of despair leading to suicide. Next, you and I see the example of the Apostle Peter, who claims that he will not deny, but then does just that. And each of us in his life, unfortunately, repeats his path, expressing one thing with his lips, and manifesting another with his deeds. Then a prayer sounds in the Garden of Gethsemane. The Lord calls the disciples three times to pray together, but the apostles are asleep ... And the Savior asks the Father to grant Him the mercy that He must bear.

We need to understand that what we can contain is only partially revealed to us, only a part of that pain and suffering. It is about the dialogue of the Lord within Himself. After all, the Savior turns to God the Father, who is in Him. This is one of the deepest mysteries of theology when it comes to the Holy Trinity. But at the same time, these words give us an example of what we must do in situations of special stress and trials: we must call God for help, adding at the same time: "Thy will be done!"

Then we hear about the betrayal that the disciple commits by kissing Christ in the Garden of Gethsemane. What was it for? It was a sign. The fact is that after Communion the apostles were transformed and became so much like the Savior that it was difficult to determine who among these people was their Teacher. The Apostle Jude points to Jesus and is arrested. And here mercy is shown when the Lord asks to remove the knife, saying that he who came with a knife or with a sword will perish. Here, both the external and internal components of a Christian's life are indicated, which presuppose prayer, humility and a willingness to sacrifice oneself as a weapon. An amazing door opens before us, difficult to pass, but the only possible one for the salvation of our soul.

Let us try, dear brothers and sisters, to be attentive to words as much as possible in our life. Let us learn the art of following Christ in a willingness to start small, in a determination to show our efforts in bearing our cross. Amen!

Archpriest Andrei Alekseev

October 19 (31) - the birthday of the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum is one of the most significant dates in Russian history and culture.

And the first is fuller, friends, fuller!
And all to the bottom in honor of our union!
Bless, jubilant muse
Bless: long live the lyceum!

A. S. Pushkin

Imperial Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum (since 1843 - Alexander Lyceum) - higher educational institution in pre-revolutionary Russia, operating in Tsarskoe Selo from 1811 to 1843.

The Lyceum was founded by decree of Emperor Alexander I, signed on August 24 (12), 1810. It was intended to educate noble children. According to the original plan, the younger brothers of Alexander I, Nikolai and Mikhail, were to be brought up in the Lyceum. The general offensive of reaction before the war of 1812, expressed, in particular, in the fall of Speransky, led to the fact that the original plans were abandoned.

The program was developed by M.M.Speransky and is focused primarily on the training of state educated officials of the highest ranks. Children 10-12 years old were admitted to the Lyceum; the reception was carried out every three years. The Lyceum was opened on October 19 (31), 1811. Initially it was under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Public Education, in 1822 it was reassigned to the military department.

In Russian history it is known, first of all, as the school that educated A.S. Pushkin and was praised by him. On August 12, 1811, Pushkin passed the entrance exam and on October 19 he attended the opening ceremony of the lyceum. The opening ceremony was solemn, but strict. No parents. But there were - Emperor Alexander I, both Empresses - Elizabeth Alekseevna and Maria Feodorovna, Tsarevich Konstantin Pavlovich, Grand Duchess Anna Pavlovna, ministers, members of the Holy Synod.

The duration of training was initially six years (two three-year courses, from 1836 - four classes of one and a half years). During this time, the following disciplines were studied:
# moral (God's law, ethics, logic, jurisprudence, political economy);
# verbal (Russian, Latin, French, German literature and languages, rhetoric);
# historical (Russian and General history, physical geography);
# physical and mathematical (mathematics, beginnings of physics and cosmography, mathematical geography, statistics);
# Fine arts and gymnastic exercises (calligraphy, painting, dancing, fencing, horse riding, swimming).

The curriculum of the Lyceum has changed several times, while maintaining a humanitarian and legal focus. There was no division into faculties at the Lyceum. Pupils studied the basic subjects of three faculties of the university: verbal, moral and political, and physical and mathematical. The extensive program harmoniously combined the humanities and the exact sciences, giving encyclopedic knowledge.

The Lyceum adhered to a strict daily routine. To "eliminate the possibility of exhaustion: the hour of study was replaced by recreation in the room or in the air." In any weather, lyceum students went for walks three times a day. The lyceum was very well equipped. Appliances, instruments, tables, manuals, maps, even an electric machine were used to complete the classrooms.

During the transition of pupils from the initial to the final course (for the first graduation on January 4 and 8, 1815), transfer exams were relied on. Exams are open, public. Parents of pupils, famous teachers from St. Petersburg were invited to attend them. We carefully prepared for the exam. They taught poems and "whole prose discourses." Pushkin, on the advice of the philologist A. I. Galich, wrote a poem "Memories in Tsarskoe Selo", which he was supposed to read at the exam in Russian literature. This exam, on January 8, was attended by the patriarch of Russian poetry G.R. Derzhavin.

Repin I.E.Alexander Pushkin at the act at the Lyceum, January 8, 1815. 1911

“I read my Memories of Tsarskoe Selo, standing a stone's throw from Derzhavin. And I was unable to describe the state of my soul: when I reached the verse where I mention the name of Derzhavin, my adolescent voice rang out, and my heart beat with delightful delight ... I don’t remember how I finished reading, I don’t remember where I ran away. Derzhavin was delighted, he demanded me, wanted to hug me ... They looked for me, but they didn’t find me ... "- A.S. Pushkin.

Pushkin studied far from diligently. A. I. Kaidanov, who taught geography and history, attests him as follows: "With a little diligence, he makes very good successes, and this should be attributed only to his wonderful talents." During the years of study at the Lyceum, in the Pushkin edition, that high order of relations was established, which the poet called the “lyceum brotherhood”. It is in the Lyceum that Pushkin has real friends. The closest for life were Ivan Pushchin, Anton Delvig, Wilhelm Kuchelbecker. The birth of Pushkin's poetic talent is associated with the Lyceum. Over the years of his studies, the poet wrote more than 120 poems.

Lyceum education was equated to university, graduates received civilian ranks of the 14th - 9th grades. For those wishing to enroll in military service additional military training was carried out, in this case, graduates received the rights of graduates of the Corps of Pages. In 1814-1829, the Noble Pension operated at the Lyceum. A distinctive feature of the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum was the prohibition of corporal punishment of pupils, enshrined in the Lyceum charter.

The educational institution was located in the building of the palace wing of the Catherine Palace. The wing was built in the 1790s by the architect Ilya Neelov (or Giacomo Quarenghi) for the grand duchesses, daughters of Emperor Paul I. In 1811, the building was significantly rebuilt by the architect V.P. Stasov and adapted to the needs of the educational institution. Consists of four floors. Each lyceum student had his own room - "cell", as Alexander Pushkin called it. In the room there is an iron bed, a chest of drawers, a desk, a mirror, a chair, and a table for washing.

The best professors and teachers of the capital, headed by directors Vasily Malinovsky and Yegor Engelgardt, taught the pupils to live and work "for the common good". According to the Charter of 1811, the Lyceum accepted mentors who "deserve trust in their knowledge and morality." The first teachers, despite the youth of many of them, had an excellent education, trained abroad, had pedagogical experience and were known for their educational activities. The first legendary Pushkin period of the Lyceum is associated with the names of A.P. Kunitsyn and I.K. Kaidanov, N.F.

Lack of appropriate educational literature, and most importantly - originality training courses, developed by the first teachers of the Lyceum specifically for this educational institution, determined the appearance of textbooks, many of which were destined to have a long life. Already in the first years, the teachers established a tradition to donate their works to the Lyceum. And today many books from the Lyceum library bear the autographs of the authors - professors of the Lyceum. Over the 33 years of its existence, 286 people have graduated, including 234 for the civilian, 50 for the military, 2 for the naval. Pushkin graduated from the Lyceum with the rank of collegiate secretary and was enrolled in the Collegium of Foreign Affairs. The main task was accomplished - they became educated people who passionately love the Fatherland. And, of course, members of the “lyceum brotherhood”.

The legendary educational institution in the palace and park suburb of St. Petersburg has produced a brilliant galaxy of scientists, writers, diplomats, military leaders who made the glory of the Fatherland. Among them, the name of Alexander Pushkin stands out, singing in his poetry "Lyceum the cherished day", who dedicated many heartfelt lines to friends of adolescence and youth. Among the graduates of the Pushkin course were Wilhelm Kuchelbecker, Ivan Pushchin, Konstantin Danzas, Anton Delvig, Fedor Matyushkin, Alexander Gorchakov and other friends of the poet. Several of Pushkin's poems are titled "October 19" and are associated with the theme of the Lyceum anniversary.

It is difficult to find a person who would not know about Pushkin's involvement in the lyceum. But few people know that M.E. also studied there. Saltykov-Shchedrin, the great Russian satirist. He entered the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum in 1838. Among the lyceum students in each course there was supposed to be A.S. Pushkin. On the Shchedrin course, Mikhail was considered to be the "successor", writing gloomy poetry under the influence of Lermontov, Byron and Heine, whom he loved for his irony.

Saltykov-Shchedrin was the last of the outstanding pupils of the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. After the December uprising of 1825, the Lyceum was reorganized. Control was established over the selection of teachers and the content of lectures. By decree of Nicholas I of February 23, 1829, the Lyceum was transferred to the training of officials only for the civil service. The military department was closed; instead, courses in statistics, logic, psychology and geography were introduced.

On September 6, 1843, the educational institution was transferred to St. Petersburg, to the building of the Alexandrovsky Orphanage at 21 Kamennoostrovsky Prospekt. By the order of Emperor Nicholas I, after the move, the Lyceum became known as the Imperial Alexandrovsky.

The building of the Alexander Lyceum was rebuilt several times. For the 50th anniversary of the educational institution (1861), a two-story building was added to the main building from the side of the garden. In 1878, according to the project of R. Ya. Ossolanus, the fourth floor was added over the building. In 1881, a preparatory class was housed in a new wing on Bolshaya Monetnaya Street. In 1902-1905, from the side of Lyceiskaya Street, a four-storey corner wing was built for educators, the main building was expanded, wings were attached to it.

In 1917, the Provisional Government took away the premises from him, and soon the Lyceum ceased to exist altogether. On May 29, 1918, the Lyceum was closed by a resolution of the Council of People's Commissars. The vacated building was occupied by the Proletarian Polytechnic. In 1925, many former pupils of the Lyceum were repressed. Library of the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum in Soviet time was transferred to the Ural State University, created in 1920, and further divided among the institutes separated from it. But the memory of the Pushkin Lyceum was carefully preserved in Soviet times. And the former royal residence in 1937 was renamed the city of Pushkin.

During the Great Patriotic War the building of the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum was destroyed. It was restored in 1969-1975. The opening of the Museum-Lyceum in Pushkin took place in 1974. Today, the museum of the former lyceum has recreated the atmosphere in which the life of the Lyceum students of Pushkin's graduation took place.

The Imperial Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum (from 1843 to 1917 - the Alexander Lyceum) is a privileged higher educational institution for children of nobles in Russian Empire, which operated in Tsarskoe Selo from 1811 to 1843. In Russian history it is known, first of all, as the school that educated A.S. Pushkin and was praised by him.

The Lyceum was founded by decree of Emperor Alexander I, signed on August 24 (12), 1810. It was intended to educate noble children. According to the original plan, the younger brothers of Alexander I, Nikolai and Mikhail, were to be brought up in the Lyceum. The program was developed by M.M.Speransky and is focused primarily on the training of state educated officials of the highest ranks. The lyceum accepted children 10-14 years old; admission was carried out every three years. The Lyceum was opened on October 19 (31), 1811. This day was subsequently celebrated by the graduates as the "Day of the Lyceum" - the graduates gathered on this day for the "Lyceum dinner." Initially, the lyceum was under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Public Education, in 1822 it was subordinated to the military department.

For those wishing to enter military service, additional military training was carried out, in this case
graduates received the rights of graduates of the Corps of Pages. In 1814-1829, the Noble boarding house operated at the Lyceum. A distinctive feature of the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum was the prohibition of corporal punishment of pupils, enshrined in the Lyceum charter.

The educational institution was located in the building of the palace wing of the Catherine Palace. The wing was built in the 1790s by the architect Ilya Neyolov (or Giacomo Quarenghi) for the grand duchesses, daughters of Emperor Paul I. In 1811, the building was significantly rebuilt by the architect V.P. Stasov and adapted to the needs of the educational institution. Consists of four floors. Each lyceum student had his own room - "cell", as Alexander Pushkin called it. In the room there is an iron bed, a chest of drawers, a desk, a mirror, a chair, and a table for washing.

Lyceum directors and teachers.

The first director of the Lyceum was V.F. Malinovsky (1811-1814). After his death, E.A. Engelhardt (1816-1823) was appointed director.

Among the first professors and teachers of the Lyceum who had a direct impact on A.S. Pushkin and the generation of the Decembrists were

A.P. Kunitsyn, 1782-1840 (moral and political sciences);
N. F. Koshansky, 1781-1831 (aesthetics, Russian and Latin literature);
Ya. I. Kartsov, 1785-1836 (physical and mathematical sciences);
L.-V. Tepper de Ferguson, 1768 - after 1824 (music and choral singing)
A.I. Galich, 1783-1848 (Russian literature);
F.B. Elsner, 1771-1832 (military sciences);
D.I. de Boudry (real name - Marat), 1756-1821 (French literature);
S. G. Chirikov, 1776-1853 (fine arts).


In 1811, the first pupils of the Lyceum were:

Bakunin, Alexander Pavlovich (1799-1862);
Broglio, Silvery Frantsevich (1799 - between 1822 and 1825);
Volkhovsky, Vladimir Dmitrievich (1798-1841);
Gorchakov, Alexander Mikhailovich (1798-1883);
Grevenits, Pavel Fedorovich (1798-1847);
Guriev, Konstantin Vasilievich (1800-1833), expelled from the Lyceum in 1813;
Danzas, Konstantin Karlovich (1801-1870);
Delvig, Anton Antonovich (1798-1831);
Esakov, Semyon Semyonovich (1798-1831);
Illichevsky, Alexey Demyanovich (1798-1837);
Komovsky, Sergei Dmitrievich (1798-1880);
Kornilov, Alexander Alekseevich (1801-1856);
Korsakov, Nikolai Alexandrovich (1800-1820);
Korf, Modest Andreevich (1800-1876);
Kostensky, Konstantin Dmitrievich (1797-1830);
Kuchelbecker, Wilhelm Karlovich (1797-1846);
Lomonosov, Sergei Grigorievich (1799-1857);
Malinovsky, Ivan Vasilievich (1796-1873);
Martynov, Arkady Ivanovich (1801-1850);
Maslov, Dmitry Nikolaevich (1799-1856);
Matyushkin, Fedor Fedorovich (1799-1872);
Myasoedov, Pavel Nikolaevich (1799-1868);
Pushkin, Alexander Sergeevich (1799-1837);
Pushchin, Ivan Ivanovich (1798-1859);
Rzhevsky, Nikolay Grigorievich (1800-1817);
Savrasov, Pyotr Fedorovich (1799-1830);
Steven, Fyodor Christianovich (1797-1851);
Tyrkov, Alexander Dmitrievich (1799-1843);
Yudin, Pavel Mikhailovich (1798-1852);
Yakovlev, Mikhail Lukyanovich (1798-1868).


Other notable alumni:

Akhsharumov, Vladimir Dmitrievich (1824-1911) - Russian poet.
Zamyatnin, Dmitry Nikolaevich (1805-1881) - Minister of Justice of Russia (1862-1867).
Kaidanov, Nikolay Ivanovich (died 1894) - head of the archive of the department of customs duties, a well-known archivist.
Saltykov-Shchedrin, Mikhail Evgrafovich (1826-1889) - writer.


On September 6, 1843, the educational institution was transferred to St. Petersburg to the building of the Alexandrinsky Orphanage at 21 Kamennoostrovsky Prospekt. By the order of Emperor Nicholas I, after the move, the Lyceum became known as the Imperial Alexandrovsky.

The building of the Alexander Lyceum was rebuilt several times. For the 50th anniversary of the educational institution (1861), a two-story building was added to the main building from the side of the garden. In 1878, according to the project of R. Ya. Ossolanus, the fourth floor was added over the building. In 1881, a preparatory class was housed in a new wing on Bolshaya Monetnaya Street. In 1902-1905, from the side of Lyceiskaya Street, a four-storey corner wing was built for educators, the main building was expanded, wings were attached to it.

Pushkin Museum.

Despite the fact that the educational institution was now located in St. Petersburg, the traditions of the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, and especially the memory of Pushkin and other first pupils, were carefully preserved by the students of subsequent courses and passed on from generation to generation. Memorable Lyceum dates, such as October 19 - the opening day of the Lyceum, and the birth and death days of Pushkin, were necessarily celebrated.

On October 19, 1889, a bronze bust of Alexander I by P.P. Zabello was installed in front of the main entrance, and in the garden there was a plaster monument to A.S. Pushkin, which was replaced in 1899 by a two-meter bronze bust by I.N. currently exhibited in front of the Pushkin House).

The first Pushkin Museum in the country was created at the Alexander Lyceum by his pupils.
On May 29, 1918, the Lyceum was closed by a resolution of the Council of People's Commissars. The vacated building was occupied by the Proletarian Polytechnic.

In 1925, many former pupils of the Lyceum were repressed. The library of the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum in Soviet times was transferred to the Uralsky State University and further divided among the institutions separated from it.

On October 19, 1811, an educational institution for boys was opened in Tsarskoye Selo, near St. Petersburg. According to the charter, children of noblemen aged 10-12 years were admitted to the lyceum. For the first, Pushkin course, 30 students were admitted.

The first paragraph of the Lyceum charter read: "The establishment of the Lyceum has the goal of educating young people, especially those destined for important parts of the public service."

On this day, snow fell and the lyceum students after the solemn part played snowballs, not suspecting that many of them will become reformers.

286 people left the walls of the lyceum in 32 years of its existence (among them there were many outstanding ones)

And yet the fame of its lyceum owes, first of all, to its first-borns, the graduation, which entered national history the names of the poet A.S. Pushkin; poet, journalist A. A. Delvig; an active participant in the uprising on December 14, 1825 on Senate Square, one of the most courageous, staunch Decembrists, I.I.Pushchin; poet, Decembrist V.K.Küchelbecker; seafarer Rear Admiral FF Matyushkin; General V.D. Volkhovsky, participant in the Turkish and Persian campaigns; a prominent statesman, Minister of Foreign Affairs A. M. Gorchakov.

1825 Pushkin writes a poem in which he praises life and friendship.

VACCHIC SONG

That the voice of gladness has ceased?

Distribute, bacchanal choruses!

Long live gentle virgins

And young wives who loved us!

Pour a glass full!

To the resounding bottom

Into the thick wine

Throw the cherished rings!

Let's raise the glasses, move them together at once!

Long live the muses, long live the mind!

You, holy sun, burn!

How this lamp turns pale

Before the clear sunrise

So false wisdom flickers and smolders

Before the sun of the immortal mind.

Long live the sun, let the darkness hide!

Former lyceum students tried to get together on October 19, but the years passed, each of them had their own difficult life.

And on the 25th anniversary of the lyceum in 1836, at a meeting with lyceum students, Pushkin wrote a poem:

It was time: our holiday is young

Shone, rustled and got married with roses,

And with the songs of the glasses, the ringing interfered,

And we sat closely in a crowd.

Then, at heart, careless ignoramuses,

We all lived easier and bolder,

We all drank to the health of hope

And youth and all her undertakings.

Now it's not that: our riotous holiday

With the advent of years, like us, he got mad,

He calmed down, calmed down, settled down,

The ringing of his cups of health became deafening;

Between us, speech does not flow so playfully,

More spacious, sadder we sit,

And less often laughter is heard among the songs,

And more often we sigh and remain silent ...

……………………………………………….

Autumn day, special day

An inaccurate cast of the old day.

The rip of trees, the strife of people

so bright, as if at last.

The disgraced Stepson of the alleys, exiled to the square

Passionately, -

harsh. Close Up - Young Athlete

partakes of the edible sign.

Live hunger is right.

The book-man is exhausted with anguish.

I wandered restlessly

obeying the boulevard

Tverskoy.

I flew like a baking hotel

a leaf that has fallen from a maple,

with heat-ardor.

Shouldn't I praise my Lyceum?

There is so much youth in him

This temple of sciences will remain,

crowded

perky, from the terrible Herzen

last and laughable.

Here are fragile minds

Kunitsyn brought up this,

that cloudy blush of haze

clung to metoy smallpox

to young people ...

……………………………………………………………….

Day nineteen, October,

sadly generous kindness,

distinguished by strength and color

from all, not equal to him, days.

Chill chill: the rose fades.

The balcony is iceing the pier.

Goodbye Pushchin, Kuchelbecker,

my lovely Delvig, goodbye!

Probably everyone already knows that October 19 is the All-Russian Day of the Lyceum. What is this holiday and why is it celebrated on this particular day? How is the Lyceum Student Day in modern educational institutions? Let's find out. To do this, we need to take a short excursion into the history of Russian education and culture.

Lyceum student day. Why October 19?

In short, on this day the famous Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum was opened, founded by the decree of the Emperor Alexander I.

This educational institution has played important role in the cultural and even political life of the entire Russian Empire. The influence of the Lyceum on the lives of its pupils is still felt in modern society... Why can I say so?

Some historical information

The Imperial Lyceum was founded in 1811, on October 19. World Lyceum Day, celebrated on this day, has become a solemn tradition of all graduates of this educational institution. Despite the years and political and social changes, the holiday custom is an important annual event in modern educational institutions.

For whom the educational institution was opened

Initially, the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum was opened for teaching privileged nobles. According to the emperor's plan, his younger brothers, the heirs to the Russian throne, were to study there. However, this idea never materialized.

And yet, it was considered prestigious to study at this institution, since the lyceum did not open its doors to everyone, but only to the nobles of the upper classes, who were able to pay for the stay of their children within the walls of an elite educational institution.

Lyceum students were taught by the best teachers of that time. The program was designed in such a way as to prepare young people for national positions, in which they were supposed to work with high quality and exemplary.

By the way, this is what happened. Many graduates of the Lyceum became famous figures in the Russian Empire. They held honorary positions and high ranks, making a significant contribution to the political, social and cultural life of the empire.

However, more on that later. Now, discussing the question of why the International Lyceum Day is celebrated on October 19, let's briefly discuss the structure and features of the educational institution itself.

General education program

According to historical information, the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum accepted adolescents from ten to fourteen years old. The admission took place every three years, while the training was carried out for six years.

Primarily educational program had the following directions:

• morality (God's law, logic, ethics, political economy, law);
• literature (rhetoric, calligraphy, as well as teaching languages: Latin, French, German and, of course, Russian);
• history (world and domestic, geography);
• mathematics (including statistics, physics, cosmography);
• grace and physical fitness (dancing, fencing, horseback riding and even swimming).

At different times, the curriculum has undergone changes, maintaining a humanitarian and legal focus.

It is noteworthy that when teaching lyceum students it was impossible to use corporal punishment, which has an unprecedented prevalence in educational system that time.

The first building of the Lyceum

Where was the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum located, which became a symbol of the annual celebration of the Lyceum's Day on October 19? Initially, as the name implies, the establishment was located on the territory of Tsarskoe Selo, in a four-story wing at the Catherine Palace. Especially for the educational institution, the building was rebuilt and adapted for students.

Each of the lyceum students had their own small room, where a bed, a filing cabinet, a chest of drawers, a chair, a mirror and a table were placed.

The lyceum also had a library, classrooms, an assembly hall, a physical office, a newspaper room and premises for after-school studies.

A little about the leaders

The director's house was located on the territory of the institution. It is noteworthy that this position was originally occupied by famous Russian teachers and educators (Vasily Fedorovich Malinovsky and Yegor Antonovich Engelhardt). Later, the director's post was occupied by military people: Lieutenant General Fyodor Grigorievich Goltgoer and Lieutenant General Dmitry Bogdanovich Bronevsky. It was from this time that the program of the Lyceum approached the course of the Faculty of Law.

Under Bronevsky, the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum moved to St. Petersburg, to the building of the Alexandrinsky Orphanage. After that, the building was rebuilt and handed out several times. A four-story wing was also erected for educators and teachers.

Pupils

Young noblemen, studying at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, received minor civilian ranks after graduation. They could also enter the military service, since their education was equated to training in the page corps.

As mentioned above, there were many civil and politicians that had a huge impact on history Russian state... For example, A.P. Bakunin (governor and privy councilor), A.M. Gorchakov (last chancellor of the Russian Empire), A.A. Delvig (poet and publisher), A.D. Illichevsky (poet, state councilor), N. A. Korsakov (poet, composer, diplomat), M. A. Korf (director of the Imperial Library), S. G. Lomonosov (secret councilor, extraordinary envoy and minister), F. F. Matyushkin (admiral, senator, polar explorer ) and many, many others.

Above is only the first edition of the Imperial Lyceum. One can only imagine how many important and progressive figures this educational institution has prepared.

It was these first graduates who initiated the celebration of the Lyceum Student Day on October 19. On this day, every year they came to the walls of this educational institution to look at each other and remember the old days. Alumni reunions often ended with a rich lunch and merry festivities.

However, there was also someone involved in the date of October 19. The day of the lyceum student without this person was considered common and uninteresting. Who is this?

Pushkin and his lyceum

Yes, this is the legendary Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, the first and most famous graduate It was he who immortalized this educational institution in his works. It is to him that we owe such a wonderful and symbolic holiday that takes place on October 19 - Lyceum's Day.

Pushkin wrote a lot and very passionately about his beloved lyceum. This was his best time in life - youth, serenity, male friendship. The poet retained the warmest memories of the place of study. And although he calls the six years spent in training "years of imprisonment" and "solitude", he nevertheless recalls with tenderness and awe the "high school noise" and "high school fun", the "holy brotherhood" of friendship and the "clear days" spent outside the walls of the educational institution. It is noteworthy that in his poems the democratic Pushkin glorifies the Tsar several times for the fact that he… “founded the Lyceum” and calls Tsarskoe Selo his Fatherland ”.

Yes, with incredible love and joy, the poet recalls life and studies at the Lyceum. The above words from Pushkin's poems eloquently testify to this. Lyceum's Day, October 19, has always been a special day for the poet. On the eve of this date, each time he wrote his wonderful poems, filled with gentle sounding, longing for youth, philosophical and psychological reflections on school years, adolescent friendship, youthful dreams and hopes.

For him, the lyceum will forever remain in his memory as a place of happiness and youthful enthusiasm, mutual assistance and strong friendship. The poet was friends with some of his classmates for many more years, meeting with them in an informal setting and dedicating his poems and other works to them.

Modern celebration

Is October 19 (Lyceum Student Day) now celebrated in schools and other educational institutions of our country? Certainly. This date has become a real holiday for modern schoolchildren, especially lyceum students. It is on this day that Russian lyceums hold open lessons and even concerts accompanied by contests, theatrical performances, balls and other useful amusements.

The program of the event

There are many scenarios for October 19 (Lyceum Day). According to numerous pedagogical plans, these activities can be carried out in several directions:

• cognitive;
• entertaining;
• informative and entertaining.

Most often, you can find the latter type of scenario, according to which students are told in an entertaining way about the history of the holiday, touch upon the immortal poetry of Pushkin and briefly describe the enormous influence exerted by the Imperial Lyceum on the entire history of the Russian state.

Usually such events are accompanied by theatrical performances telling about the life of lyceum students or Pushkin himself. There can also be shown slides showing the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum and its important persons.

Or the management of modern educational institutions can organize a costume ball for students, their parents and teachers.

Greetings and wishes

Most often, words of gratitude and congratulations are heard at such events. Lyceum Student Day (October 19) is a truly joyful event for all students and teachers.

What can you say or what is the best way to diversify the program of such concerts? There are many greetings and wishes, both in poetic and prosaic form, with which teachers congratulate students and vice versa.

At such festive events, lyceum students are always wished good grades, a lot of knowledge and achievements, victories and ... exemplary behavior. And the teachers are thanked for their work and diligence, for their patience and kindness, for their experience and knowledge.

You can congratulate on Lyceum Student Day not only at a festive event, but also with a postcard, SMS message or a small gift. Modern lyceum students are very fond of all sorts of jokes and pranks associated with this important celebration for them.

And, of course, parents of students are always present at the festive event in honor of Lyceum Student's Day, who can also take part in the event, congratulations, theatrical performances and even a costume ball.

Such a program not only entertains young people, but also broadens their horizons, and also introduces to that great and beautiful, which is called national culture.