Compound and complex sentences. How to find a complex sentence How to identify parts of a complex sentence
Complex sentences are sentences consisting of several simple ones.
The main means of communication between simple sentences in complex ones are intonation, conjunctions (compositional and subordinate) and union words (relative pronouns and pronouns).
Depending on the means of communication complex sentences are divided into allied and non-union... Union proposals are subdivided into compound and complex.
Compound sentences (SSP) are complex sentences in which simple sentences are connected with each other by intonation and creative unions.
Types of compound sentences by the nature of the union and meaning
| SSP type | Alliances | Examples of |
|---|---|---|
| 1. connecting unions(connecting relationship). | AND; Yes(in meaning and); no no; yes and; too; also; not only but. |
They opened the door, and air from the courtyard rushed into the kitchen with steam(Paustovsky). |
| 2. Compound sentences with opposing alliances(adversarial relationship). | A; but; Yes(in meaning but); but(in meaning but); but; but; otherwise; not that; but not that; particle is(in the meaning of the union a); particle only(in the meaning of the union but). |
Ivan Petrovich left, but I stayed(Leskov). |
| 3. Compound sentences with dividing unions(separation relationship). | Or; or; not that ... not that; then ... then; either ... or. |
Either eat the fish, or run aground(proverb). |
Note!
1) Constructive conjunctions can connect not only parts of a compound sentence, but also homogeneous members. Their distinction is especially important for the placement of punctuation marks. Therefore, when parsing, be sure to highlight the grammatical bases in order to determine the type of sentence (simple with homogeneous members or complex sentence).
Wed: A man walked from a smoky hole and carried a large sturgeon(Peskov) - a simple sentence with homogeneous predicates; I'll give money for the road, and you can call a helicopter(Peskov) is a compound sentence.
2) Constructive conjunctions usually take place at the beginning of the second part (second simple sentence).
In some places the Danube serves as a border, but it serves also dear people to each other(Sands).
The exceptions are unions too, also, particles-unions are the same, only. They necessarily take or can take place in the middle of the second part (the second simple sentence).
My sister and I cried, my mother also cried(Aksakov); The comrades treated him with hostility, the soldiers truly loved(Kuprin).
Therefore, when parsing, such complex sentences are often confused with non-union complex sentences.
3) The double alliance not only ... but also expresses gradational relations and is referred to as connecting alliances in school textbooks. Very often, when parsing, only its second part is taken into account ( but also) and are mistakenly referred to as adversarial alliances. In order not to be mistaken, try to replace this double union with the union and.
Wed: Language should be not only understandable or common but also the language should be good (L. Tolstoy). - Language should be understandable or common, and language should be good.
4) Compound sentences are very diverse in meaning. Quite often, they are close in meaning to complex sentences.
Wed: If you leave, it will become dark(Shefner). - If you leave, it will be dark; I didn’t eat anything, but I didn’t feel hungry(Tendryakov). - Although I didn’t eat anything, I didn’t feel hungry.
However, when parsing, it is not this specific meaning that is taken into account, but the meaning due to the type of the compositional union (connecting, adversary, dividing).
Notes. In some textbooks and manuals, complex sentences with explanatory unions are referred to as complex sentences. that is, namely, For example: The board authorized him to speed up the work, that is, in other words, he authorized himself to do this(Kuprin); The flights of birds have developed as an adaptive instinctive act, namely: it gives the birds opportunity to avoid unfavorable winter conditions(Sands). Other researchers classify them as complex sentences or separate them into an independent type of complex sentences. Some researchers consider sentences with particles only, but refer to non-union sentences.
author Angela Ustinova asked a question in the section Additional education
How to distinguish a complex sentence from a compound sentence and got the best answer
Answer from Bkk [guru]
I'll try in my own words)
Compound sentence - consists of simple sentences that are interconnected by compositional unions and, as a rule, are equal in grammatical and meaningful terms.
Constructive unions - And, yes (meaning "and"), and ... and, no ... nor, too, also, But, but, yes (in the meaning of "but"), however, but, Or, or, whether ... whether, then ... then, not that ... not that, or ... or, How ... and, not only ... but even though ... but if not ... then, not so much ... how much, Namely, that is, or (in the meaning of “that is”), somehow, And then, and then, yes and, as well as others.
A complex sentence is a complex sentence in which one simple sentence is subordinate to another, connected by a subordinate union or union word.
Submissive unions - What, so that, like others, When, as soon, only, only, barely, only, only, before, since, until, until, after, until, as long as how, after, Because, because, because, because, because, because, because, because, because, because, because, because, because If, if, if, if, if, if, As, as if, as if, as if, exactly, than, rather than, just as, as if.
In general, in a complex composition, there are two equal parts, and in a complex composition, one depends on the other) VUAL)
Answer from Helena[active]
Simple sentences in complex ones are connected with the help of conjunctions like, as if, because. In compound with the help of conjunctions what, and.
Answer from Tessa[guru]
In complex sentences, one simple sentence (subordinate clause) depends on another (main). From the main clause to the subordinate clause, you can ask a question. For instance:
We watched with keen interest (what did we watch?) As they practiced the game of hockey. In addition, the subordinate clause (as they practiced playing hockey) cannot exist on its own.
In a complex sentence, the constituent parts are grammatically independent of each other, that is, they are equal, which means that each of the parts is the main one and can exist independently. For instance:
It's still very early, and the miners are already on their way to the morning shift. That is, from this sentence, you can easily make 2 independent sentences.
1. It's still very early.
2. The miners are already on their way to the morning shift.
I hope she explained it clearly.
Answer from 3 answers[guru]
1. Complex sentences(WBS) are sentences that contain a main clause and one or more subordinate clauses. The clauses are subject to the main one and answer the questions of the members of the sentence.
before the main sentence:
Since Nonna refused Andrey, the old man was officially dry with Nonna(Panova).
(Since), .
Subordinate clauses can stand after the main sentence:
what leads through the grove(Goncharov).
, (what)
Subordinate clauses can be in the middle of the main sentence:
And in the evening, when all the cats are gray, the prince went to breathe clean air(Leskov).
[ , (when), ]
2. Subordinate clauses can refer to one word in the main or to the whole main offer.
To one word the main clause includes the following types of clauses:
- subordinate clauses;
- predicates (according to another classification, subject and predicate subordinate clauses refer to subordinate pronominal-definitive);
- determinative;
- additional (according to another classification - explanatory);
- mode of action and degree.
To the whole main offer usually include the following types of clauses:
- subordinate clauses, time, cause, effect, comparison, purpose, condition, assignment (that is, adverbial types of subordinate clauses, except for the subordinate mode of action and degree).
Contingential clauses, in addition to the clauses of the mode of action and degree, as a rule, refer to the entire main clause, but the question to them is usually asked from the predicate.
The typology of subordinate clauses is given according to the textbook: Babaytseva V.V., Chesnokova L.D. Russian language: Theory. 5-9 grades: Textbook. for general education. institutions.
3. The means of communication of the subordinate clause and the main clauses are:
- in the subordinate clause- subordinate unions ( what, to, for, bye, when, how, if etc.) or union words ( who, what, who, what, how, where, where, from where, when and etc.);
- in the main sentence- index words ( that, such, there, there, because, because etc.).
Conjunctions and union words are the main means of communication in a complex sentence.
Indicative words in the main sentence may or may not be present.
Conjunctions and union words usually appear at the beginning of a subordinate clause and serve as an indicator of the boundary between the main and the subordinate clause.
An exception constitutes a particle union whether, which is in the middle of the subordinate clause. Pay attention to this!
Distinguishing between unions and union words
| Alliances | Allied words |
|---|---|
| 1. Are not members of the proposal, for example: He said his sister won't be back for dinner(which is a union, is not a member of the proposal). |
1. Are members of a subordinate clause, for example: She kept her eyes on the road what leads through the grove(the union word what is the subject). |
| 2. Often (but not always!) The union can be removed from the subordinate clause, cf.: He said his sister would not be back for dinner. - He said: the sister will not be back for supper. |
2. Since the union word is a member of the subordinate clause, it cannot be removed without changing the meaning, for example: She kept her eyes on the road what leads through the grove; impossible: She did not take her eyes off the road, leads through the grove. |
| 3. The logical emphasis cannot fall on the union. | 3. A logical stress can fall on a union word, for example: I know what he will do tomorrow. |
| 4. After the union, particles cannot be put, exactly. | 4. After the union word, you can put particles, namely, compare: I know what he will do tomorrow; I know exactly what he will do tomorrow. |
| 5. The union cannot be replaced by a demonstrative pronoun or a pronoun adverb. | 5. The union word can be replaced by a demonstrative pronoun or a pronoun adverb, cf .: I know what he will do tomorrow. - I know: he will do this tomorrow; I know where he was yesterday. - I know: he was there yesterday. |
Note!
1) What, how, when can be both unions and union words. Therefore, when parsing complex sentences with these words, you need to be especially careful. In addition to the above methods of distinguishing between unions and union words, the following should be considered.
When is union in the relative tense ( My father passed away when I was sixteen... Leskov) and in the clause condition ( When you need the devil, go to hell! Gogol).
When is union word in the additional clause ( I know, when he will return) and in the relative clause ( That day, when ; when in the attributive subordinate clause it is possible to replace the basic for this subordinate union word which, cf.: That day, in which we met for the first time, I will never forget).
How is union in all adverbial clauses, except for the clauses of the mode of action and degree (cf. Serve me as you served him(Pushkin) - comparative clause; As the soul is black, so you can't wash it off(proverb) - subordinate clause; can be replaced: if the soul is black. - Do it like that how you were taught- subordinate clause of the mode of action and degree).
Especially carefully disassemble the additional clauses: in them, how and what can be both unions and union words.
Wed: He said he'd be back for dinner (what- union). - I know, what he will do tomorrow (what- union word); I heard a child crying behind the wall (how- union). - I know, how she loves son (how- union word).
In the additional subordinate clause, how can one replace the union that, cf .: I heard a child crying behind the wall. - I heard that a child was crying behind the wall.
2) What is union in two cases:
a) as part of a double union than ... so:
b) in the subordinate clauses of such complex sentences that have an adjective in the main part, an adverb in comparative or words different, different, different.
He turned out to be tougher than we thought; Than to consider gossips to work, it is not better for yourself, godfather, to turn(Krylov).
3) Where, where, from where, who, why, why, how much, which, which, whose are allied words and cannot be unions.
I know where he is hiding; I know where he is going; I know who did it; I know why he did it; I know why he said it; I know how long it took him to renovate his apartment; I know what our holiday will be like; I know whose portfolio it is.
When parsing the subordinate clause as a simple one, the following mistake is very often made: the meaning of the subordinate clause is transferred to the meaning of the union word. To avoid this mistake, try replacing the union word with the corresponding index word and determine which member of the sentence this word is.
Wed: I know where he is hiding. - There he is hiding.
Allied words which, which, whose in the attributive subordinate clause, you can replace the noun to which this subordinate clause refers.
Wed: Tell me that fairy tale that my mother loved(Hermann). - Mom loved the fairy tale; Stuart Yakovlevich is such a ruler, which does not exist in the world. - Such a ruler and not in the world.
The opposite error is also possible: the meaning of the union word is transferred to the meaning of the subordinate clause. In order not to be mistaken, put the question from the main clause to the clause.
I know(what?), when he will return; I know(what?), where he was- additional clauses; He returned to town(to which city?), where spent his youth; That day(what day?), when we met, I will never forget- subordinate clauses.
In addition, in the attributive clause allied words where, where, whence, when can be replaced by the union word which.
Wed: He returned to the city where spent his youth. - He returned to the city, in which spent his youth; That day, when we met, I will not forget. - That day, in which we met, I will not forget.
4. Indicative words are found in the main clause and usually answer the same questions, have the same syntactic meaning as subordinate clauses. The main function of index words is to be a harbinger of a subordinate clause. Therefore, in most cases, the index word can tell you what type of subordinate clause is:
He returned to that town, where spent his youth (that- definition; subordinate attributive); He stayed with that to prove your innocence (with that- the circumstance of the goal; clause goal); Read so that nobody saw the note (So- the circumstance of the course of action, measure and degree; clause of the mode of action and degree).
Way of expressing index words
| Discharge | List of words | Examples of |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Demonstrative pronouns and pronouns | That, this, such, there, there, from there, then, so, so much, so much, because, because and etc. | So this is the gift that he promised to give her in ten years(Paustovsky). Read it so no one can see(Leskov). There is no greatness where there is no simplicity, goodness and truth(L. Tolstoy). |
| 2. Definitive pronouns and pronominal adverbs | Everyone, everyone, everyone, everyone, everywhere, everywhere, always and etc. | The whole day that we spent in Zagorsk, I remember in minutes(Fedoseev). Wherever we have been, we can see traces of desolation(Soloukhin). |
| 3. Negative pronouns and pronominal adverbs | Nobody, nothing, nowhere, ever and etc. | I don't know anyone who could replace the old count(Leskov). |
| 4. Indefinite pronouns and pronoun adverbs | Someone, something, somewhere, sometime and etc. | For some reason, which we did not know about, everyone in the house spoke in a whisper and walked barely audibly.(Leskov). |
| 5. Nouns and whole combinations of nouns with demonstrative pronouns | Provided (what, if, when), at the time (when, how), in the case (when, if), for the reason (that), for the purpose (that), to such an extent (that) | And this succeeds if he himself is not indifferent and unusual to words.(Marshak). I decided to dine alone for the reason that lunch fell on Butler's watch.(Green). |
Read the sentences:
1) At night, the wind gets angry and knocks on the window.(A. Fet.)
2) The day is drowning in bright gold, and the streams rustle through the ravines.(I. Nikitin)
(What?) The wind is the subject.
The wind (what does it do?) Gets angry and knocks - these are homogeneous predicates connected by a union and.
(What?) The day is the subject.
The day (what does it do?) Is drowning - this is a predicate.
(What?) The streams are the subject.
The streams (what are they doing?) Make noise - this is a predicate.
How are these offers different?
The first is simple. The second is complex (union and combines two simple sentences into one).
Complexsuggestions are two (or more) sentences combined into one.
Simple sentences that are part of a complex can be linked by unions a, but, and, what, when, where, because, to etc. or intonation.
Parts of a complex sentence are separated by a comma.
Complex sentences are divided into allied and non-union... Union sentences, in turn, are divided into compound and complex. Thus, there are three main types of complex sentences: compound, complex and non-union.
Let's outline the basics of the sentences and define their form.
1. A fluffy red tail completely covered his back, and his eyes dug into the terrible beast.
(What?) The tail is the subject.
The tail (what did you do?) Covered - this is a predicate.
Eyes (what did they do?) Glared - this is a predicate.
Before us are two grammatical foundations - the tail closed, the eyes stuck - this means that this is a complex sentence. Its parts are united into one union A, and are separated by commas.
2. He saw that the eyes of the lynx were tightly closed.
(Who?) He is the subject.
He (what did he do?) Saw - this is a predicate.
(What?) The eyes are the subject.
The eyes (what is done?) Are closed - this is a predicate.
Before us are two grammatical foundations that are connected by a union WHAT, and are separated by commas.
3. There was a rustle from the place where the things lay.
(What?) Rustle is the subject.
A rustle (what did you do?) Rang out - this is a predicate.
(What?) Things are the subject.
Things (what did you do?) Were lying - this is a predicate.
Before us are two grammatical foundations, united in one sentence by a union WHERE and separated by commas.
4. On a sunny morning, a cheerful titmouse is adjusting its simple song, and a woodpecker is playing a resounding beat through the taiga.
(Who?) The tit is the subject.
The titmouse (what does it do?) Adjusts - this is a predicate.
(Who?) The woodpecker is the subject.
The woodpecker (what is he doing?) Lets it go - this is a predicate.
We have before us two grammatical bases of a complex sentence, separated by a comma.
Compound sentences
Compound is a complex sentence, the parts of which are interconnected by creative unions. In compound sentences, connective, adversative and dividing relationships are most often expressed. In addition, compound sentences can express comparative, connecting, explanatory relations with various additional shades of meaning.
Connective relationship. In compound sentences expressing connecting relations, unions and, yes, not (repeated), also, also serve as a means of connecting parts of a single whole (the last two with a connecting connotation of meaning). Compound sentences with union and most often express a temporary relationship. To express these relations are verb forms (temporal and specific), the order of parts in a complex, intonation, union, additional lexical means.
Compound sentences with opposing alliances(a, but, yes, however, but, on the other hand, etc.) express the relationship of opposition or juxtaposition, sometimes with various additional shades (inconsistencies, restrictions, concessions, etc.) This meaning of this type of complex sentences affects their construction: word order in the second part due to the nature of its opposition to the first part.
It is widely used in complex sentences with the specified meanings of the union a, for example:
The sight of the earth is still sad, and the air is already breathing in the spring (Tyutch.);
Learning is light, and ignorance is darkness (last)
Separation relationship. Compound sentences with dividing alliances (or, or, whether ... or, then ... then, etc.) indicate the alternation of events, their successive change, incompatibility, etc.
Complex sentences
A complex sentence is a sentence, the parts of which are interconnected by subordinate unions or allied means. Submissive relationship between the parts of a complex sentence is expressed in the syntactic dependence of one part (subordinate clause) from another (main).
Conjunctions and union words in a complex sentence:
Submissive unions | Allied words |
|
Simple | Composite |
|
what to for when bye how as if if and etc. | because because of because just as if since due to and etc. | which the which who what how where where when and etc. |
Are not members of the proposal. | Are members of the proposal. Attach a subordinate clause to the main or other subordinate clause. |
|
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Complex sentences with two or more subordinate clauses there are two main types: 1) all subordinate clauses are attached directly to the main sentence; 2) the first subordinate clause is attached to the main clause, the second - to the first subordinate clause, etc.
I. Clauses that are attached directly to the main clause can be homogeneous and heterogeneous.
1. Homogeneous subordinate clauses, like homogeneous terms, they have the same meaning, answer the same question and depend on one word in the main sentence. Homogeneous subordinate clauses can be connected with each other by compositional unions or non-union (only with the help of intonation). For example:
1) [But sad to think], (which is in vain was US youth is given), (what changed she's all the hour), (what cheated US she) ... (A. Pushkin)- [verb], (union what),(union what),(union what)...
2) [Dersu said], (what these are not clouds, but fog) and what tomorrow it will be a sunny day and even hot) (V. Arseniev).[vb.], (what) and (what).
The connection of homogeneous clauses with the main clause is called homogeneous subordination.
It should be borne in mind that with a homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses, it is possible to skip a union or a union in the second (third) subordinate clause, for example:
(Where is peppy sickle walked) and ( an ear was falling), [now everything is empty] (F. Tyutchev).(where) and ("), ["].
2. Heterogeneous clauses have different meanings, answer different questions or depend on different words in a sentence. For instance:
(If I have hundred lives), [ they would not saturate all thirst for knowledge], ( which burns me) (V. Bryusov)- (union if),[noun], (with word which).
The connection of heterogeneous clauses with the main clause is called parallel subordination.
II. The second type of complex sentences with two or more subordinate clauses includes those in which the subordinate clauses form a chain: the first subordinate clause refers to the main clause (subordinate clause of the 1st degree), the second subordinate clause refers to the subordinate clause of the 1st degree (subordinate clause of the 2nd degree) etc. For example:
[She was horrified"], (when learned), (that the letter carried father) (F. Dostoevsky)- , (With. when verb.), (p. what).
This connection is called consistent submission.
With consistent subordination, one subordinate clause may be inside another; in this case, there may be two subordinate unions next to each other: what and just in case and when what and because etc. (for punctuation marks at the junction of conjunctions, see the section "Punctuation marks in a complex sentence with two or more subordinate clauses"). For instance:
[The water came crashing down so scary], (what, (when soldiers fled below), they are already flew raging streams) (M. Bulgakov).
[uksl. so + adv.], (what, (when), ").
In complex sentences with three or more subordinate clauses, there can be more complex combinations of subordinate clauses, for example:
(Who in young age not tied oneself with strong ties with an external and wonderful business, or, at least, with a simple but honest and useful work), [ he can count his youth lost without a trace], (as if merrily she nor passed) and how much would pleasant memories she nor left).
(who), [pronoun.], (whatever), (whatever). (A complex sentence with three subordinate clauses, with parallel and homogeneous subordination).
Parsing a Complex Clause with Multiple Clauses
Scheme for parsing a complex sentence with several clauses
1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (declarative, interrogative, incentive).
2. Indicate the type of sentence for emotional coloring (exclamation or non-exclamation).
3. Determine the main and subordinate clauses, find their boundaries.
4. Make a sentence diagram: ask (if possible) questions from the main to the subordinate clauses, indicate in the main word on which the subordinate clause depends (if it is a proverbial), characterize the means of communication (unions or union words), determine the types of subordinate clauses (determinants, explanatory and etc.).
5. Determine the type of subordination of clauses (homogeneous, parallel, sequential).
An example of parsing a complex sentence with several clauses
1) [Look at the pale green, star-studded sky (which has no cloud or spot), and you will understand], (why is summer warm air immovable), (why nature is on the alert) (A. Chekhov).
[noun, (village. on which), verb.], (village. why),(sat. why).
will determine. will explain. will explain.
Narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, complex subordinate with three subordinate clauses, with parallel and homogeneous subordination: 1st subordinate - subordinate determinative (the subordinate depends on the noun sky, answers the question which?, on which); 2nd and 3rd subordinate clauses - explanatory subordinate clauses (depending on the verb you will understand answer the question what?, join the union word why).
2) [Any man knows], (what to him have to do not that, ( what separates him with people), and then), ( what connects him with them) (L. Tolstoy).
[also:], (union what places., (village. what), places.), (s.el. that).
will explain. places. -definition places. -definition
Narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, complex subordinate with three subordinate clauses, with sequential and parallel subordination: 1st subordinate clause - explanatory subordinate (depends on the verb knows answers the question what?, joins the union what), 2nd and 3rd clauses - clauses of the pronoun-definitive (each of them depends on the pronoun then, answers the question what (that) ?, joins the union word what).
.one. Unionless complex sentence
Unionless compound sentence is a complex sentence in which simple sentences are combined into one whole in meaning and intonation, without the help of conjunctions or union words: [Habit above us given]: [replacement happiness she](A. Pushkin).
Semantic relationship between simple sentences in allied and expressed in different ways. In union sentences, unions take part in their expression, therefore, semantic relations are more definite and clear here. For example, the union so expresses the consequence, because- the reason, if- condition, but- opposition, etc.
The semantic relations between simple sentences are expressed less clearly than in the union. In terms of semantic relations, and often in intonation, some are closer to complex compositions, others to complex subordinate ones. However, it is often the same non-union compound sentence in meaning, it can be brought closer to both complex and complex sentences. Wed, for example: The spotlights came on- it became light around; Searchlights came on, and it became light around; When the searchlights came on, it became light around.
Semantic relations in non-union complex sentences depend on the content of the simple sentences included in them and are expressed in oral speech intonation, and in writing with various punctuation marks (see the section "Punctuation marks in non-union compound sentence»).
V non-union complex sentences the following types of semantic relations between simple sentences (parts) are possible:
I. Enumeration(lists some facts, events, phenomena):
[I AM_ did not see you a whole week], [I did not hear take you long] (A. Chekhov) -, .
Such unionless complex sentences converge with compound sentences with a connecting union and.
Like their synonymous compound sentences, unionless complex sentences can express the value 1) simultaneity the listed events and 2) their sequence.
1) \ Bemep howl plaintively and quietly], [in the dark the horses were laughing], [from the camp swam gentle and passionate song- dumka] (M. Gorky) -,,.
stirred ], [fluttered half asleep birdie] (V. Garshin)- ,.
Unionless complex sentences with enumerated relations can consist of two sentences, and can include three or more simple sentences.
II. Causal(the second sentence reveals the reason for what the first says):
[I AM unhappy]: [everyday guests] (A. Chekhov). Such unionless complex sentences synonymous with subordinate reasons.
III. Explanatory(the second sentence clarifies the first):
1) [Items lost your form]: [ everything merged first into gray, then into a dark mass] (I. Goncharov)-
2) [Like everyone in Moscow, your father is like that]: [would like he is a son-in-law with stars and ranks] (A. Griboyedov)-
Such non-union sentences are synonymous with sentences with an explanatory union namely.
IV. Explanatory and explanatory(the second sentence clarifies a word in the first part that has the meaning of speech, thought, feeling or perception, or a word that indicates these processes: listened, looked, looked back etc.; in the second case, we can talk about missing words like see, hear etc.):
1) [Nastya during the story remembered]: [she has from yesterday stayed intact iron pot boiled potatoes] (M. Prishvin)- :.
2) [She came to her senses, Tatiana is looking]: [bear No] ... (A. Pushkin)- :.
Such non-union sentences are synonymous with complex sentences with explanatory clauses (remembered that ...; looks (and sees that) ...).
V. Comparative adversaries relations (the content of the second sentence is compared with the content of the first or opposed to it):
1) [Everything happy families look like and on top of each other], [each unhappy family unhappy but in its own way] (L. Tolstoy)- ,.
2) [Chin followed him]- [he service suddenly left] (A. Griboyedov)- - .
Such unionless complex sentences synonymous with compound sentences with adversary conjunctions a, but.
Vi. Conditionally temporary(the first sentence indicates the time or condition for the implementation of what is said in the second):
1) [Do you like to ride] - [love and sleigh to carry] (proverb)- - .
2) [See you with Gorky]- [talk with him] (A. Chekhov)--.
Such sentences are synonymous with complex sentences with clauses or tenses.
Vii. Consequences(the second sentence names a consequence of what the first says):
[Small the rain is sowing since morning]- [impossible to get out] (I. Turgenev)- ^ TT
