English irregular verbs. Irregular verbs of the English language: lists of words for different levels of knowledge How to quickly learn them

The concept of "irregular verbs" when studying in English occurs almost simultaneously with the beginning of a detailed study of time. The division into regular and irregular verbs in English becomes important when it becomes necessary to put the verb in the second or third form in accordance with right time. It is on what form the verb takes in these forms that it depends whether it belongs to the correct or incorrect.

You can continue reading or watch an animated video in which we tried to convey the main content of the article in 5 minutes. When you finish watching, don't forget to complete to assess your knowledge.

Verbs of the "correct" category have the same second and third forms; they differ from the first form only in the ending -ed .

But the irregular verbs of the English language are a special group that has to be given much more attention and time. The difficulty is that the ways of forming the second and third forms of these verbs are not amenable to either logic or rules:

• some of them do not change shape at all;

  cut - cut - cut (cut)

• some have the same second and third forms;

  have - had - had (to have)

• and there are such irregular verbs in English, in which all three forms are different.

  do - did - done (to do)

Irregular Verbs English are like the multiplication table in mathematics: it is long and troublesome to memorize, but it is worth it, since the enormous practical value of both cannot be overestimated. In particular, knowledge of the forms of irregular verbs significantly expands the language possibilities.

The total number of irregular verbs is about 500 (and these are not only commonly used, but also outdated options). If we talk about useful verbs that can come in handy in modern conditions, then you need only 220 - 250 units from total number, i.e. literally half.

According to some linguists, knowledge of the entire table with irregular verbs raises the level of knowledge of the language by as much as 5%!

English irregular verbs are a ready-made set of words that are guaranteed to cover most of the actions of all major conversational topics.

How to distinguish regular verbs from irregular ones?

Unfortunately, since the second and third forms of irregular verbs are formed unpredictably, you will have to literally recognize them “by sight”.

All students who study English must have a table of irregular verbs. There are English irregular verbs with transcription and translation in any, even the most primitive, textbook (usually their table is located at the end of the publication).

It is important to remember the spelling and pronunciation of the three forms of each verb from the table. That is, if the verb is irregular, it is necessary to learn not one word, as usual, but three at once.

The table of irregular verbs of the English language is a guideline that will have to be checked for some time - the correct verb is in front of us or not.

As a rule, the main irregular verbs of English are the most used in speech, texts and exercises. Gradually, the forms of irregular verbs in English are remembered, and the table comes in handy less and less.

Modern English is prone to simplifying complex grammatical structures, and this also applies to irregular verbs. Forms of irregular verbs in English change over time and gradually tend to "correctness". Sometimes a verb can be used both as a regular and as an irregular one. For example:

study - learn-learnt (learned) - learned (learned)).

In ambiguous cases, exceptions, our recommendation will be as follows: in case of any doubt, it is better to refer to the Oxford Dictionary. This edition is considered by linguists to be a kind of "code" that regulates the use of a particular lexeme. Modern editions of this book include not only the traditional variants, but also most of the Americanized versions of the irregular forms of the verbs.

Where are forms of irregular verbs used?

So, now let's move on to the most important thing: let's take a closer look at the three verb forms and their participation in the grammar of the English language:

First- this is probably the simplest variation - infinitive. Used:

• usually as an indefinite form;
• when using the Present Simple time, and in the 3rd person singular the verb gets the ending -s (for example, runs, goes).

Second- speaks in the simplest and most understandable speech situations: when using Past Simple tense.

Third- past participle ( Past Participle or Participle II). There are three main options when it is used:

• as a direct participle of the past tense;
• as part of the Present Perfect tense construction;
• in the formation of all forms of the passive voice.

As you can see, almost all aspectual-temporal forms of the English language are “tied” to one or another form of verbs. Therefore, any form of the verb is important in building literate speech.

Learning English Irregular Verbs

Depending on the level of knowledge, we offer two ways to study this topic. The first is to start learning the 100 most popular irregular verbs right now according to our table, which you will find just below. The second way is to study verbs while doing an online exercise.

This method is also suitable for those who studied English before, for example, at school or college, but now they forgot. The exercise will help you remember all three forms of the verb as much as possible. You can also return to the exercise after studying the table and check the acquired knowledge.

table of irregular verbs

We bring to your attention irregular verbs of the English language with a translation in the form of a table. In it you can also listen to the pronunciation of verbs.

For each lexeme, only one main translation variant is presented. Although, it should be remembered that the more often a word occurs in everyday speech, the more meanings it usually has. For example, the word "get" can express up to 80 different actions.

The table contains the most commonly used verbs that require memorization. In the future, use them in sentences to express thoughts grammatically in English.

				reconcile (with circumstances); observe
				appear
				wake up; wake up
		[ə'wəʊk] / [ə'wəikt]	[ə'wəʊkən]
			[‘bi:tən] /
				become
				start off
				bend; tilt
		besought / beseeched	besought / beseeched	ask, beg
				bet
			/ [‘bɪtən]
				breed; bring up
				bring
				broadcast
	[‘brɔ:dkɑ:st]	[‘brɔ:dkɑ:st]	[‘brɔ:dkɑ:st]
		Burned	Burned
				burst, explode
				buy
				choose
				come, arrive
				deal, deal
		dreamed / dreamed	dreamed / dreamed	dream; dream
				ride (on horseback), drive (car)
				live; settle
				feel
				fight
				find
				run, hide
				forbid
				predict
				receive, get
				go, go
				hang; hang
				hide; hide
				store, keep
				jump up, jump
				leave, leave
				lend
				let
				mean
				meet
				prove
				rise, rise
				sell
				send, send
				install, set up
				shake
				show
				reduce
				slide	slide
				smell; to sniff
				speak
				spend (time), spend
				rotate; spin
		spoilt / spoiled	spoilt / spoiled
				distribute
				hit; bump into
				sweep
				tell
				understand
	[ʌndə'stænd]	[ʌndə'stʊd]	[ʌndə'stʊd]

Online exercise for memorizing irregular verbs

Indicate three forms of the verb in succession, choosing a card with a word from the options provided.

caught

caught

• choose
• chose
• chosen

• creep
• crept
• crept

• drink
• drank
• drunk

• drive
• drove
• driven

• fallen

• found
• found

• forgive
• forgave
• forgiven

• grown

• known

• leave

• showed
• shown

• speak
• spoke
• spoken

• stand
• stood
• stood

• taken

• teach
• taught
• taught

• understand
• understood
• understood

• write
• wrote
• written

In the past tense, the verb after any pronoun goes in the same form - with the ending - ed - or completely changes its shape. In the first case, we are dealing with regular verbs with the ending - ed . In the second case, we are faced with irregular verbs.

They cannot be added - ED , because in the past tense, these verbs are completely inflected.

This is exactly what we are seeing with do. It's not in the past tense done (as it should be according to the rule), and did , because do is an irregular verb.

So how do you know if a verb is correct or not?

Here, a little "female" logic will help us: you just need to learn the table of irregular verbs and their translation. Those that are not on this list are correct. But the whole catch is that there are about 200 irregular verbs! And multiply this number by 3 (an irregular verb has 3 forms: one is the present tense, the second is the past tense, the third is the participle). However, the list of required Everyday life verbs is not so extensive - almost 2 times less. They need to be known first.

How to remember irregular verbs?

Repeat out loud 3 forms of each verb, so they are perfectly remembered - like a rhyme! Or print a book for accelerated memorization of irregular verbs ().

Table of irregular verbs with translations

Table. Irregular verbs with translation

present tense	Past tense	Participle	Translation
1.wake	awoke	awoken	wake up
2. be	were, were	been	be
3.beat	beat	beaten	beat
4. become	became	become	become
5. begin	started	begun	start off
6.bend	bent	bent	to bend, bend down
7 bite	bit	bitten	bite
8. blow	blew	blown	blow
9. break	broke	broken	break
10. bring	brought	brought	bring
11.broadcast	broadcast	broadcast	broadcast
12.build	built	built	build
13. burn	burned/burnt	burned/burnt	burn, burn
14.buy	bought	bought	buy
15. catch	caught	caught	catch
16.choose	chose	chosen	choose
17. come	came	come	come
18. cost	cost	cost	cost
19.cut	cut	cut	cut
20. dig	arc	arc	dig
21. do	did	done	do
22. draw	drew	drawn	1. draw 2. pull
23. dream	dreamed/dreamt	dreamed/dreamt	dream
24. drive	drove	driven	manage
25. drink	drank	drunk	drink
26. eat	ate	eaten	There is
27. fall	fell	fallen	fall
28. feel	felt	felt	feel
29. fight	fought	fought	fight
30. find	found	found	find
31. fly	flew	flown	fly
32.forget	forgot	forgotten	forget
33. forgive	forgave	forgiven	forgive
34. freeze	frozen	frozen	freeze
35. get	got	got	receive
36. give	gave	given	give
37. go	went	gone	go
38. grow	grew	grown	grow
39. hang	hung	hung	hang
40. have	had	had	to possess, to have
41. hear	heard	heard	hear
42. hide	hidden	hidden	hide
43. hit	hit	hit	strike
44. hold	held	held	hold
45. hurt	hurt	hurt	hurt
46. ​​keep	kept	kept	keep
47. know	knew	known	know
48. lay	laid	laid	put
49. lead	led	led	lead
50. learn	learned/learnt	learned/learnt	learn
51. leave	left	left	leave
52. lend	lent	lent	lend
53. let	let	let	let
54. lie	lay	lain	lie
55. lose	lost	lost	lose
56. make	made	made	do
57. mean	meant	meant	mean
58. meet	met	met	meet
59. pay	paid	paid	to pay
60. put	put	put	put
61. read	read	read	read
62. ride	rode	ridden	ride
63. ring	rank	rung	call
64. rise	rose	rising	get up
65. run	ran	run	run away
66. say	said	said	say
67. see	saw	seen	see
68. sell	sold	sold	sell
69. send	sent	sent	send
70. show	showed	showed/shown	show
71. shut	shut	shut	close
72. sing	sang	sung	sing
73. sit	sat	sat	sit
74. sleep	slept	slept	sleep
75. speak	spoke	spoken	talk
76.spend	spent	spent	spend
77. stand	stood	stood	stand
78. swim	swam	swum	swim
79. take	took	taken	take
80. teach	taught	taught	teach
81. tear	tore	torn	tear
82. tell	told	told	tell
83. think	thought	thought	think
84.throw	threw	thrown	throw
85. understand	understood	understood	understand
86. wake	woke	woken	wake up
87. wear	wore	worn	wear
88. win	won	won	win
89. write	wrote	written	write

For a successful study foreign language it is necessary to lay a certain foundation, consisting of basic skills. In addition to vocabulary and developed pronunciation, this foundation also includes grammatical knowledge. Undoubtedly for English grammar the most important is the system of tenses and verb forms, without the knowledge of which not a single sentence can be built. Today, studying the topic, we will combine vocabulary acquisition with grammar mastering, as we will analyze one of the most necessary basic concepts - irregular English verbs. Let's consider the essence of the phenomenon, and also give a list of all the necessary words with transcription and translation into Russian.

In order to answer the question posed in the title, let's make a short digression into the theory.

English verbs have several basic forms that help form tense aspects:

1. Infinitive - it is the initial, dictionary form. ().
2. past indefinite - a form for expressing past events. The rule is formed by adding the ending -ed to the infinitive. ().
3. Past participle - the form necessary for the formation of perfect tenses and passive voices. According to grammatical norms, it should coincide with the previous category, i.e. also append -ed. ().
4. Present participle - it is not always distinguished as a separate form, but it should be noted that these are verbs with the ending -ing, which are used in the tenses of the continuous group. ()

Today we are interested in the second and third items of the list, since they are responsible for the correctness or irregularity of the verb. We have already noted that general rule for the formation of past forms - adding the ending -ed. But, for historical reasons, established linguistic clichés do not always correspond to the norms, and it is much easier to accept exceptions than to try to change the established way. That is why there is such a thing as irregular verbs of the English language. English grammar calls this phenomenon irregular verbs.

Irregular verbs include those verbs in which the form of the past tense is not formed according to the general rule, that is, they are characterized by atypical conjugation. Such verb forms have to be learned by heart, as they are individual for each case. It is noteworthy that the proportion of irregular English verbs used in speech is about 70%. This means that only 30% of all frequently used verbs obey the general rule.

On this, we will complete the theory and move on to the practical part, in which we will consider examples of irregular English verbs with translation and transcription. This will allow you to combine learning vocabulary and work with pronunciation.

Learn irregular English verbs

You probably can't wait to find out how many irregular verbs in English you will have to memorize? We are in a hurry to surprise you, because you probably did not expect to see such a number: over 450 representatives of the wrong type of formation of past forms are distinguished. But do not worry, we will not learn the complete list of irregular verbs, since more than half of the words in it have long gone out of use. modern language. There are about two hundred actively used words left, which we will break into even smaller groups in order to master the material gradually.

First 50 words for beginners

It will be enough for beginners to learn the language to get acquainted with a very small list of the most common verbs. This minimum will be enough for you to work with simple sentences in English. In order not to be distracted by other rules during training, next to the example we will indicate how the word is read in English, and also approximately explain which Russian sounds correspond to English letters. Russian transcription will be presented only in this section, as further study assumes a higher level of knowledge of a foreign language.

Top 50 Irregular Verbs
Forms*	Transcriptions	Russian pronunciation	Translation
be-was/were-been		[bi - woz / yer - bin]	be
begin - began - begun		[bigin - bigen - bigan]	start off
break-broke-broken		[break-brooke-broken]	break
bring - brought - brought		[bring - broot - broot]	bring
build-built-built		[build-bilt-bilt]	build
buy-bought-bought		[by - boot - boot]	buy
catch - caught - caught		[catch - koot - koot]	catch
come-came-come		[kam-keim-kam]	come
cut-cut-cut		[kat - kat - kat]	cut
do-did-done		[duu - did - dan]	do
drink - drank - drunk		[drink - drink - drink]	drink
drive - driven - driven		[drive-drove-driven]	drive
eat - ate - eaten		[iit - et - iitn]	eat
fall-fell-fallen		[fool - fel - foolen]	fall
feel-felt-felt		[fiil - felt - felt]	feel
find-found-found		[find - found - found]	find
fly - flew - flown		[fly - flu - flow]	fly
forget-forgot-forgotten		[fogEt - fogOt - fogOtn]	forget
get-got-got		[get - goth - goth]	receive
give - gave - given		[give - gave - given]	give
go - went - gone		[go - vant - gon]	go
have-had-had		[hav - head - head]	have
hear - heard - heard		[heer - hyerd - hyerd]	hear
hold - held - held		[hold-hold-hold]	hold
keep - kept - kept		[kip - capt - capt]	hold
know - knew - known		[know - new - noon]	know
leave-left-left		[liiv - left - left]	leave
let-let-let		[let - let - let]	let
lie-lay-lain		[lay - lay - lane]	lie
lose - lost - lost		[luuz - lost - lost]	lose
make - made - made		[make - maid - maid]	do
mean - meant - meant		[miin - mant - mant]	to mean
meet-met-met		[miit - mat - mat]	meet
pay-paid-paid		[pay - pay - pay]	to pay
put - put - put		[put - put - put]	put
read-read-read		[read - red - red]	read
run-ran-run		[run-ren-run]	run
say - said - said		[sey - sed - sed]	speak
see-saw-seen		[si - sow - siin]	see
show - showed - shown	[ʃou–ʃoud–ʃoun]	[show - shoud - shoun]	show
sit-sat-sat		[sit - set - set]	sit
sleep - slept - slept		[slip - slap - slap]	sleep
speak - spoken - spoken		[speek-spoke-spoke]	speak
stand - stood - stood		[stand - stud - stud]	stand
take - took - taken		[take-tuk-teiken]	take
tell-told-told		[tel-tould-tould]	tell
think-thought-thought	[θɪŋk – θɔ:t – θɔ:t]	[son - sout - sout]	think
understand - understood - understood	[ʌndər ‘stænd – ʌndər ‘stʊd – ʌndər ‘stʊd]	[andestand - andestud - andestud]	understand
win - won - won		[win - one - one]	win
write - wrote - written		[right - route - ritn]	write

Other English topics: How is the past simple formed?

*The column contains the three main forms of the verb in the following order:

• infinitive (Infinitive);
• past indefinite (Past Indefinite/Simple);
• past participle (Participle II).

Now you are familiar with the most commonly used irregular verbs in English. This list of words can be easily printed and memorized at any convenient time. Enlarge your knowledge gradually, do not immediately load yourself with large amounts of information. Since the table contains many main verbs, there will be no difficulties in learning the words, because they are used in practice in every second text or dialogue.

Top 100 - Intermediate Vocabulary

If you are already using the learned verbs with confidence, then it is time to move on to the next level of knowledge and discover new irregular English verbs.

In this section, we will continue to study the most common irregular verbs, with which another table will help us. It contains the same number of words arranged alphabetically as the first one, but in it we will no longer give an approximate Russian sound: it will help you to understand how the word is pronounced English transcription. We hope you have already studied the material on how transcription marks are used. So, let's continue the work: we will study just 50 more words and get the top 100 irregular verbs.

Forms	Transcriptions	Translation
arise - arose - arisen	[ə'raiz - ə'rəuz - ə'riz(ə)n]	arise, rise
awake - awoke - awoken	[ə`waɪk – ə`woʊk – ə`woʊkn]	wake up, wake up
bear - bore - born		bear, endure, give birth
become - became - become		become
bind-bound-bound		bind
bite-bit-bitten		bite, bite
blow - blew - blown		blow
burn-burnt-burnt		burn, burn
choose - chose - chosen		choose
cost - cost - cost		cost
creep - crept - crept		crawl, crawl
deal-dealt-dealt		deal, trade
dig-dag-dag		dig, dig
draw - drew - drown		paint
dream - dream - dream		dream, dream
fight - fought - fought		fight, fight, fight
feed-fed-fed		feed
forgive-forgave-forgiven		forgive, forgive
freeze-froze-frozen		freeze, freeze
grow-grown-grown		grow, grow
hang-hung-hung *		hang, hang
hide-hid-hidden		hide, hide, conceal
hurt - hurt - hurt		hurt, hurt, hurt
lead-led-led		lead, lead
learn - learned - learned		study, teach
lend - lent - lent		lend, lend
ride - rode - ridden		ride
ring-rang-rung		call, call
rise-rose-risen		rise, ascend
seek - sought - sought		search
sell-sold-sold		sell
set-set-set		put, install
shake-shake-shaken	[ʃeɪk - ʃʊk - ʃeɪkən]	shake, shake
shine-shone-shone	[ʃaɪn–ʃoʊn–ʃoʊn]	to shine, shine, shine
shut-shut-shut	[ʃʌt-ʃʌt-ʃʌt]	close
sing-sang-sung		sing
slide - slide - slide		slide
smell-smelt-smelt		smell, sniff
spend-spelt-spelt		spend, waste
steal-stole-stolen		steal, steal
swim - swam - swum		swim
swing-swung-swung		sway
teach - taught - taught		teach, educate
tear - tore - torn		tear, tear, tear
throw-thrown-thrown	[θroʊ – θru: – θroʊn]	toss, toss, toss
upset - upset - upset	[ʌp'set - ʌp'set - ʌp'set]	upset, upset; overturn
wake-woke-woken		wake up, wake up
wear - wore - worn		wear, dress
weep–wept–wept		cry, sob
wet-wet-wet		soak, moisten, moisten

*Important note for translators: this verb has two meanings. The forms given in the table indicate expressions used with translation "hang, hang things." A rarer context is hanging as an execution, hanging a criminal. In such a situation, this English verb behaves like a correct one, i.e. appends the ending -ed: hang - hanged - hanged.

So, we have considered all the main and popular irregular verbs of the English language, with which we congratulate you! Do not strive to master the entire stock of new words at once, as you will only become more confused in forms and meanings. For effective and quick memorization, we suggest printing out the given material, dividing the verbs into groups for easy perception, and compiling spelling cards English word and Russian translation. This method successfully helps to learn the declension of irregular verbs for most students.

If you have already mastered the most common English verbs with transcription, we invite you to expand your horizons even more and look into the less popular but common use of incorrect words in speech.

Rare but necessary verbs

The list of irregular English verbs we have studied already has a hundred examples. This, as we have already noted, is approximately half of the active vocabulary modern Englishman on the topic of irregular verbs. Using the next 100 words is definitely not something you need to come across every day. But, firstly, they are often included in standard tests and tasks to confirm the level of language proficiency, and secondly, it is better to know rare grammatical moments of the language than to misunderstand something and get into an awkward situation. So, let's study rare, but necessary, irregular verbs in English with translation and transcription.

Forms	Transcriptions	Translation
abide - abode / abide - abode / abide	[əˈbaɪd – əˈbəʊd/əˈbaɪdɪd – əˈbəʊd/əˈbaɪdɪd]	endure, endure, endure; stay
backbite - backbitten - backbitten	[ˈbækbaɪt – ˈbækbɪtən – ˈbækbɪtən]	slander
backslide - backslide - backslide	[ˈbækslaɪd - bækˈslɪd - bækˈslɪd]	retreat, refuse
beat-beat-beaten		beat
befall-befell-befallen		happen, happen
beget-begot/begat-begotten		generate, produce
begird-begirt-begirt		gird
behold - beheld - beheld		behold
bend-bent-bent		bend
bereave-bereft/bereaved-bereft/bereaved		deprive, take away
beseech-besought-besought		to pray, beg
beset - beset - beset		besiege, surround
bespeak - bespoke - bespoken		order, order
bespit - bespat - bespat		spit
bet-bet-bet	[ˈbet – ˈbet – ˈbet]	bet, bet
betake - betook - betaken		to take, to take, to go
bid-bid/bade-bidden		command, ask, set a price
bleed-bled-bled		bleed
breed - bred - bred		propagate, grow, procreate
broadcast-broadcast-broadcast	[ˈbrɔːdkɑːst – ˈbrɔːdkɑːst – ˈbrɔːdkɑːst]	broadcast (television/radio broadcasting)
browbeat - browbeat - browbeaten	[ˈbraʊbiːt – ˈbraʊbiːt – ˈbraʊbiːtən]	intimidate, intimidate
burst - burst - burst		burst, burst, burst
bust-bust/busted-bust/busted		demolish, destroy, go bankrupt, ruin
cast-cast-cast		throw, pour metal
chide-chid-chid		scold
cleave-cleft-cleft		split, cut
clung - clung - clung		to cling to, to cling to
dwell - dwelt - dwelt		dwell, dwell, linger
flee-fled-fled		run away, save
fling - flung - flung		rush
forbear-forbore-forborne		refrain
forbid-forbad-forbidden		ban
forecast-forecast-forecast	[ˈfɔːkɑːst – ˈfɔːkɑːst – ˈfɔːkɑːst]	predict, predict
foresee-foresaw-foreseen		anticipate
forsake-forsook-forsaken		leave, leave
forswear-forswore-forsworn		abdicate
gainsay - gainsaid - gainsaid	[ˌɡeɪnˈseɪ – ˌɡeɪnˈsed – ˌɡeɪnˈsed]	deny, contradict
gild - gilt/gilded - gilt/gilded	[ɡɪld - ɡɪlt / ˈɡɪldɪd - ɡɪlt / ˈɡɪldɪd]	gild, gild
grind-ground-ground	[ɡraɪnd – ɡraʊnd – ɡraʊnd]	crush, rub, grind
heave-heaved/hove-heaved/hove		pull, lift, move
hew - hewed - hewn		cut down, cut
hit-hit-hit		hit, strike, hit
inlay-inlaid-inlaid	[ɪnˈleɪ – ɪnˈleɪd – ɪnˈleɪd]	invest, insert
input-input-input	[ˈɪnpʊt – ˈɪnpʊt – ˈɪnpʊt]	enter data
interweave – interwove – interwoven	[ˌɪntəˈwiːv – ˌɪntəˈwəʊv – ˌɪntəˈwəʊvən]	to intertwine, to entwine
kneel-knelt-knelt		kneel
knit - knit - knit		to knit
lade-laded-laden/laded		load, upload
lean - lean - lean		lean, lean, lean
leap-leapt-leapt		jump, jump
light - lit - lit		illuminate
misdeal - misdealt - misdealt	[ˌmɪsˈdiːl – ˌmɪsˈdelt – ˌmɪsˈdelt]	do/do wrong
misgive-misgave-misgiven	[ˌmɪsˈɡɪv – ˌmɪsˈɡeɪv – ˌmɪsˈɡɪvən]	inspire fear
mow-mowed-mown		mow, reap (cereals)
outbid - outbid - outbid		surpass, outbid
plead-plead-plead		go to court
prove - proved - proved / proven		prove, confirm
quit - quit - quit		throw, leave
rebind-rebound-rebound	[ˌriːˈbaɪnd – rɪˈbaʊnd – rɪˈbaʊnd]	rebind, rebind
rend-rent-rent		tear apart, tear apart
rid - rid - rid		release, release
sew – sewed – sewn/sewed		sew
shear - sheared - shorn	[ʃɪə - ʃɪəd - ʃɔːn]	cut, cut
shed - shed - shed	[ʃed–ʃed–ʃed]	shed, lose
shoe - shod - shod	[ʃuː - ʃɒd - ʃɒd]	shoe, shoe
shoot-shot-shot	[ʃuːt – ʃɒt – ʃɒt]	shoot, run
shred - shred - shred	[ʃred - ʃred - ʃred]	crush, shred, crumble
shrink-shrank-shrunk	[ʃrɪŋk–ʃræŋk–ʃrʌŋk]	shrink, shrink
shrive-shrove/shrived-shriven/shrived	[ʃraɪv – ʃrəʊv/ʃraɪvd – ˈʃrɪvən/ʃraɪvd]	confess, forgive sins
slay-slew-slain		kill
sling - slung - slung		to hang, toss
slink-slunk-slunk		sneak, sneak
slit - slit - slit		cut along
smite-smote-smitten		hit, beat, fight
sow-sowed-sown		sow
speed-sped-sped		drive, run
spill-spilt-spilt		shed
spin-spun/span-spun		twist, turn, spin
spit-spat/spit-spat/spit		spit
split-split-split		split
spoil-spoilt-spoilt		spoil
spread-spread-spread		distribute
spring–sprang–sprung		jump, jump
stick-stuck-stuck		glue
sting - stung - stung		sting
strew-strewed-strewn		sow, sprinkle
stride-strode-stridden		step
strike - struck - struck		hit, strike
strive-strove-striven		try, fight
swear - swore - sworn		to swear
sweep-swept-swept		sweep
swell-swelled-swollen		swell
thrust-thrust-thrust	[θrʌst–θrʌst–θrʌst]	push, poke
tread-trod-trod/trodden		step
waylay - waylayd - waylayd	[ˌweɪˈleɪ – ˌweɪˈleɪd – ˌweɪˈleɪd]	lie in wait
weave – wove/ weaved – woven/ weaved		weave
wed-wed-wed		marry
wind-wound-wound		wind up (mechanism)
work - worked (wrought) * – worked (wrought)	[ˈwɜːk – wɜːkt/ ˈrɔːt – wɜːkt/ ˈrɔːt]	work
wring-wrung-wrung		squeeze, twist, squeeze

Other English topics: Past Perfect Continuous - past perfect long time: rules, usage

*wrought - a very outdated book form, the table is for reference only. In modern English, its use is not practiced and is not recommended.

Now we can actually say that we have learned all the irregular verbs in modern English. Since the rest of the words, in most cases, are derived from already studied verbs. For example, we considered the word understand. When we meet the same expression, but with a negative prefix - misunderstand, we will already know that its forms will be misunderstood/misunderstood.

That's all, learn irregular verbs in English, work with translation and transcription, and don't rush to memorize everything at once. It is better to parse a few words a day than to suffer with a huge list and be nervous because it is not remembered. Good luck in practice!

I'll tell you a secret: regular and irregular verbs of the English language are the most "favorite" topic for teachers and students when studying English grammar. Fate would have it that the most popular and frequently used in English speech words. For example, the famous phrase "to be or not to be" also contains exactly the wrong verb. And that's the beauty of the British :)

Just think for a second how great it would be to add an ending -ed to the main verbs and get the past tense. And now all English learners are prepared to participate in an exciting attraction - memorizing a convenient table of irregular English verbs with translation and transcription.

1. IRREGULAR VERBS

Meet their royal majesty irregular verbs. It won't take long to talk about them. You just need to accept and remember that each verb has its own forms. And it is almost impossible to find any logical connection. It remains only to put a table in front of you and learn how you once memorized the English alphabet.

It's good that there are verbs where all three forms coincide and are pronounced the same (put-put-put). But there are especially harmful forms that are written like twins, but are pronounced differently. (read - read - read ). Just like choosing only the best tea leaves the best varieties for the royal tea party, we have collected the most commonly used irregular verbs, arranged them alphabetically, visually conveniently arranged in a table - we did everything to make you smile and ... learn. In general, only conscientious cramming will save humanity from ignorance of English irregular verbs.

And to make memorization not so boring, you can create your own algorithms. For example, first write out all the verbs where the three forms match. Then those where the two forms coincide (most of them, by the way). Or, let's say, learn words today with the letter "b" (do not think bad), and tomorrow - with another. No limits to fantasy for lovers of English!

And without departing from the cash register, we suggest taking a test for knowledge of irregular verbs.

Table of irregular verbs in English with transcription and translation:

	indefinite form of the verb (Infinitive)	simple past tense (Past Simple)	past participle	Translation
1	abide [ə"baɪd]	abode [ə"bəud]	abode [ə"bəud]	stay, stick to something
2	arise [ə"raɪz]	arose [ə"rəuz]	arisen [ə "rɪz (ə) n]	arise, rise
3	awake [ə"weɪk]	awoke [ə"wəuk]	awoken [əˈwoʊkn]	wake up, wake up
4	be	was; were	been	to be, to be
5	bear	bore	born	wear, give birth
6	beat	beat	beaten ["bi:tn]	beat
7	become	became	become	become, become
8	fall	befell	befallen	happen
9	begin	started	begun	start off)
10	hold	beheld	beheld	look, notice
11	bend	bent	bent	bend(s), bend(s)
12	beseech	thought	thought	beg, beg
13	beset	beset	beset	surround, besiege
14	bet	bet	bet	bet
15	bid	bid	bid	bid, order, ask
16	bind	bound	bound	bind
17	bite	bit	bitten ["bɪtn]	bite)
18	bleed	bled	bled	bleed, bleed
19	blow	blew	blown	blow
20	break	broke	broken ["brəuk(ə)n]	break, break, break
21	breed	bred	bred	breed, breed, breed
22	bring	brought	brought	bring, bring
23	broadcast ["brɔːdkɑːst]	broadcast ["brɔːdkɑːst]	broadcast ["brɔːdkɑːst]	broadcast, distribute
24	build	built	built	build, build
25	burn	burnt	burnt	burn, burn
26	burst	burst	burst	explode)
27	buy	bought	bought	buy
28	can	could	could	be able to physically
29	cast	cast	cast	throw, pour (metal)
30	catch	caught	caught	catch, seize
31	choose [ʧuːz]	chose [ʧuːz]	chosen ["ʧəuz(ə)n]	choose
32	cling	clung	clung	stick, cling, cling
33	cleave	cleft	cloven ["kləuv(ə)n]	cut, split
34	clothes	clothed	clothed	dress, dress
35	come	came	come [ kʌm]	come
36	cost	cost[ kɒst]	cost[ kɒst]	evaluate, cost
37	creep	crept	crept	crawl
38	cut	cut [ kʌt]	cut [ kʌt]	cut, trim
39	dare	Durst	dared	dare
40	deal	dealt	dealt	to deal, to trade, to deal
41	dig	arc	arc	dig
42	dive	dove	dived	dive
43	do/does	did	done	do
44	draw	drew	drawn	drag, draw
45	dream	dream	dream	dream, dream
46	drink	drank	drunk	drink, drink
47	drive	drove	driven [ˈdrɪvn̩]	drive, drive, drive, drive
48	dwell	dwelt	dwelt	dwell, abide, linger on something
49	eat	ate	eaten [ˈiːtn̩]	eat, eat, eat
50	fall	fell	fallen [ˈfɔːlən]	fall
51	feed	fed	fed[ fed]	feed)
52	feel	felt	felt [ felt]	feel
53	fight	fought [ˈfɔːt]	fought [ˈfɔːt]	fight, fight
54	find	found	found	find
55	fit	fit[ fɪt]	fit[ fɪt]	fit, fit
56	fleece	fled	fled	run away, flee
57	fling	flung	flung	throw, throw
58	fly	flew	flown	fly, fly
59	forbid	forbade	forbidden	forbid
60	forecast [ˈfɔːkɑːst]		forecast; forecasted [ˈfɔːkɑːstɪd]	foresee, predict
61	forget	forgot	forgotten	forget
62	forego	future	foregone	refuse, refrain
63	foretell	foretold	foretold	predict, predict
64	forgive	forgave	forgiven	forgive,
65	forsake	forsook	forsaken	throw, refuse
66	freeze	frozen	frozen [ˈfrəʊzən]	freeze, freeze
67	get [ˈɡet]	got [ˈɡɒt]	got [ˈɡɒt]	get, become
68	gild [ɡɪld]		gilt [ɡɪlt]; gilded [ˈɡɪldɪd]	gild
69	give [ɡɪv]	gave [ɡeɪv]	given [ɡɪvn̩]	give
70	go/goes [ɡəʊz]	went [ˈwent]	gone [ɡɒn]	go, go
71	grind [ɡraɪnd]	ground [ɡraʊnd]	ground [ɡraʊnd]	sharpen, grind
72	grow [ɡrəʊ]	grew [ɡruː]	grown [ɡrəʊn]	grow, grow
73	hang	hung; hanged	hang [ hʌŋ]; hanged [ hæŋd]	hang, hang
74	have	had	had	to have, to possess
75	hew	hewed	hewed; hewn	to cut, to cut
76	hear	heard	heard	hear
77	hide	hidden	hidden [ˈhɪdn̩]	hide, hide
78	hit	hit[ hɪt]	hit[ hɪt]	hit, hit
79	hold	held	held	hold, maintain (possess)
80	hurt	hurt	hurt	hurt, hurt, injure
81	keep	kept	kept	keep, store
82	kneel		knelt; kneeled	kneel
83	knit		knit ; knitted [ˈnɪtɪd]	to knit
84	know	knew	known	know
85	lay	laid	laid	put
86	lead	led	led	lead, accompany
87	lean		leant; leaned	lean on, lean on
88	leap	leapt; leaped [lipt]	leapt; leaped	jump
89	learn		learned; learned	to learn, to know
90	leave	left	left	leave, leave
91	lend	lent	lent[lent]	lend, lend
92	let	let[let]	let[let]	let, let
93	lie	lay	lain	lie
94	light	lit ; lighted [ˈlaɪtɪd]	lit [lɪt]; lighted [ˈlaɪtɪd]	kindle, illuminate
95	lose	lost	lost	lose
96	make [ˈmeɪk]	made [ˈmeɪd]	made [ˈmeɪd]	do, force
97	may	might	might	be able to have the right
98	mean	meant	meant	mean, imply
99	meet	met	met	meet, meet
100	mishear [ˌmɪsˈhɪə]	misheard [ˌmɪsˈhɪə]	misheard [ˌmɪsˈhɪə]	misheard
101	mislay	mislaid	mislaid	misplace
102	mistake	mistook	mistaken	to err, to be mistaken
103	mow	moved	mown	mow
104	overtake	overcurrent	overtaken	catch up
105	pay	paid	paid	to pay
106	prove	proved	proven; proven	prove, certify
107	put	put	put	put
108	quit	stop; quitted	stop; quitted	leave, leave
109	read	read; red	read; red	read
110	rebuild	rebuilt	rebuilt	rebuild, restore
111	rid	rid; ridded	rid; ridded	free, deliver
112	ride	rode	ridden	ride
113	ring	rank	rung	call, call
114	rise	rose	rising	rise, ascend
115	run	ran	run	run, flow
116	saw	sawed	sawn; sawed	to nag
117	say	said	said	speak, say
118	see	saw	seen	see
119	seek	sought	sought	search
120	sell	sold	sold	sell
121	send	sent	sent	send, send
122	set	set	set	place, put
123	sew	sewed	sewed; sewn	sew
124	shake	shook	shaken	shake
125	shall	should	should	be to
126	shave	shaved	shaved	to shave)
127	shear	sheared	shorn	cut, cut; deprive
128	Shed	Shed	Shed	throw off, spill
129	shine	shone; shined	shone; shined	shine, shine
130	shoes	shod	shod	shoe, shoe
131	shoot	shot	shot	fire
132	show	showed	shown; showed	show
133	shrink	shrank; shrunk	shrunk	shrink, shrink, rebound, recoil
134	shut	shut	shut	close
135	sing	sang	sung	sing
136	sink	sank	sunk	sink, sink, sink
137	sit	sat	sat	sit
138	slay	slew	slain	kill, destroy
139	sleep	slept	slept	sleep
140	slide	slide	slide	slide
141	sling	slung	slung	throw, throw, hang over the shoulder, hang
142	slit	slit	slit	cut lengthwise
143	smell	smelt; smelled	smelt; smelled	smell, sniff
144	sow	sowed	sowed; sown	sow
145	speak	spoke	spoken	speak
146	speed	sped; speeded	sped; speeded	hurry, speed up
147	spell	spell; spelled	spell; spelled	write, spell a word
148	spend	spent	spent	spend, waste
149	spill	spilt	spilt	shed
150	spin	spun	spun	spin
151	sleep	spat	spat	spit, stick, poke, pro-
152	split	split	split	split, split
153	spoil	spoilt; spoiled	spoilt; spoiled	spoil, spoil
154	spread	spread	spread	spread
155	spring	sprang	sprung	jump, jump
156	stand	stood	stood	stand
157	steal	stole	stolen	steal, steal
158	stick	stuck	stuck	to stick, to stick, to stick
159	sting	stung	stung	sting
160	stink	stank; stun	stun	stink, repel
161	strew	strewed	strewn; strewed	to scatter, scatter, spread
162	stride	strode	stridden	step
163	strike	struck	struck	hit, hit, strike
164	string	string	string	bind, tie, string
165	striving	strove	striving	strive, try
166	wear	swore	sworn	swear, swear, scold
167	sweep	swept	swept	to sweep
168	swell	swollen	swollen; swollen	to swell, swell, swell
169	swim	swam	swum	swim
170	swing	swung	swung	swing, swing
171	take	took	taken	take
172	teach	taught	taught	teach, teach
173	tear	tore	torn	tear, times-, with-, from-
174	tell	told	told	to tell, inform
175	think	thought	thought	think
176	throw	threw	thrown	throw, throw
177	thrust	thrust	thrust	push, poke, kick out, shove
178	thread	trod	trod; trodden	step
179	unbend	unbent	unbent	unbend
180	undergo	life	undergone	experience, endure
181	understand	understood	understood	understand
182	undertake	undertook	glimpsed	undertake, guarantee
183	upset	upset	upset	overturn, squeeze
184	wake	woke; waked	woke; waked	wake up, wake up
185	wear	wore	worn	wear clothes)
186	weave	wove; weaved	woven; weaved	weave
187	wed	wed; married	wed; married	to get married, to get married
188	weep	wept	wept	cry
189	will	would	would	want to be
190	wet	wet; wetted	wet; wetted	wet, you-, pro-
191	win	won	won	win, get
192	wind	wound	wound	wind up (mechanism), curl
193	withdraw	withdrew	withdrawn	take back, take away
194	ring	wrung	wrung	squeeze, squeeze, twist
195	write	wrote	written	write

After this video, you will love learning irregular verbs! Yo! :) ...it is advisable for the impatient to watch from 38 seconds

For fans of an advanced teacher and rap lovers, we offer a backing track for a personal way of learning irregular verbs in the karaoke style, and in the future, perhaps, for recording a new personal video with your teacher / teacher / class. Weak or not weak?

2. REGULAR VERBS

When the most difficult part in the form of irregular verbs is mastered (we want to believe that this is so), you can click like nuts and regular English verbs. They are called so because they form the past tense and participle II in exactly the same way. In order not to load your brain once again, we simply denote their form 2 and form 3. And both of them are obtained with the help of the ending - ed.

For example: look-look,work - worked

2.1 And for those who like to get to the bottom of everything in everything, you can conduct a brief educational program about the mysterious term " participle II". First, why participle? Because how else to designate a three-headed dragon, which has signs of 3 parts of speech at once: a verb, an adjective and an adverb. Accordingly, such a form is always found WITH PARTS (at once with three).

Second, why II? Because there is also I . Quite logical  Only participle I has an ending -ing, and participle II has an ending -ed in regular verbs, and any ending in irregular ones ( written , built , come ).

2.2 And everything would be fine, but there are some nuances.

If the verb ends in -y, then you need an ending -ied(study-study).
. If the verb consists of one syllable and ends in a consonant, then it doubles ( stop - stopped).
. The final consonant l is always doubled (travel -travelled)
. If the verb ends in -e, then you only need to add -d(translate - translated)

For especially corrosive and attentive, you can also add pronunciation features. For example, after deaf consonants, the ending is pronounced as “t”, after voiced - “d”, after vowels “id”.

Perhaps you heard / invented / read / spied on a way to minimize effort and maximize the efficiency of memorizing irregular verbs, but for some reason we don’t know it yet. Share not only your smile, but also cramming options to please each other with something interesting

Irregular Verbs in English, these are verbs that have special forms (Past Simple) and (Past Participle). Among them there are both very common (feel - to feel, speak - to speak), and rare (cleave - to dissect, forswear - to renounce). The tables below show common irregular verbs.

Read also:

Despite the fact that irregular verbs change in a special way, they still have some regularity. In the table below, the verbs are given with translation and transcription and are distributed on the basis of matching forms:

1. Verbs AAA - all three forms are the same (cut - cut - cut, cut).
2. Verbs ABA - the 1st and 3rd forms coincide (run - ran - run, run).
3. ABB verbs - the 2nd and 3rd forms coincide (teach - taught - taught, teach).
4. ABC verbs - all forms are different (know - knew - known, know).

Inside the table, words are distributed not alphabetically, but by frequency, i.e. the higher the word, the more often it is used. Attached to the tables pdf files- they can be printed, pasted on cardboard and cut out cards for memorizing words.

Verbs like AAA: the same in three forms Download PDF
Translation	Infinitive	past simple	Past Participle
put	put	put	put
let	let	let	let
cut	cut	cut	cut
put (install)	set	set	set
bet	bet	bet	bet
throw (cast metal)	cast	cast	cast
cost	cost	cost	cost
beat	hit	hit	hit
to cause a pain	hurt	hurt	hurt
to knit	knit	knit	knit
stop	quit	quit	quit
distribute	spread	spread	spread
ABA type verbs: forms 1 and 3 are the same
run away	run	ran	run
come	come	came	come
become	become	became	become
ABB type verbs: forms 2 and 3 are the same
read	read	read	read
to teach (learn)	learn	learned (learned)	learned (learned)
think	think [θiŋk]	thought [θɔ:t]	thought [θɔ:t]
to teach (teach)	teach	taught	taught
smell (smell)	smell	smelt	smelt
hear	hear	heard	heard
hold	hold	held	held
bring	bring	brought	brought
stand	stand	stood	stood
lose (lose)	lose	lost	lost
meet	meet	met	met
lead	lead	led	led
understand	understand [ʌndə'stænd]	understood [ʌndə'stud]	understood [ʌndə'stud]
win	win	won	won
buy	buy	bought	bought
send	send	sent	sent
sell	sell	sold	sold
catch	catch	caught	caught kɔ:t]
fight	fight	fought	fought
put (put)	lay	laid	laid
sit	sit	sat	sat
bind	bind	bound	bound
bleed	bleed	bled	bled
build	build	built	built
burn	burn	burnt	burnt
deal with	deal	dealt	dealt
dig	dig	arc	arc
feed	feed	fed	fed
hang	hang	hung	hung
hide	hide	hidden	hidden [‘hɪdn]
lean	lean	lean (leaned)	lean (leaned)
lend (to someone)	lend	lent	lent
illuminate	light	lit	lit
ride	ride	rode	ridden [‘rɪdn]
sew	sew	sewed	sewed (sewn)
write or spell	spell	spelt	spelt
shed	spill	spilt	spilt
spit	sleep	spat (spit)	spat (spit)
spoil	spoil	spoilt	spoilt
stick	stick	stuck	stuck
strike	strike	struck	struck
sweep	sweep	swept	swept
cry	weep	wept	wept
twist	wind	wound	wound
Type verbsABC: all shapes are different
go	go	went	gone
know	know	knew	known
take	take	took	taken [‘teik(ə)n]
see	see	saw	seen
give	give	gave	given
write	write	wrote	written [‘ritn]
speak	speak	spoke	spoken [‘spouk(e)n]
drive a car	drive	drove	driven [‘driven]
break	break	broke	broken ['brouk(e)n]
wear clothes)	wear	wore	worn
There is	eat	ate	eaten [‘i:tn]
drink	drink	drank	drunk
draw (pull)	draw	drew	drawn
steal	steal	stole	stolen [‘stəulən]
throw	throw [θrəu]	threw [θru:]	thrown [θrəun]
blow	blow	blew	blown
fall	fall	fell	fallen [‘fɔ:lən]
start off	begin	started	begun
forget	forget	forgot	forgotten
forgive	forgive	forgave	forgiven
fly	fly	flew	flown
freeze (freeze)	freeze	frozen	frozen [‘frouzn]
grow	grow	grew	grown
call	ring	rank	rung
shake	shake [ʃeik]	shook [ʃuk]	shaken [‘ʃeik(ə)n]
sing	sing	sang	sung
stink	stink	stank (stunk)	stun
try	striving	strove	striving [‘strɪvn]
to swear	wear	swore	sworn
tear	tear	tore	torn
wake	wake	woke	woken [‘wouk(e)n]

Pay attention to the words read And wind. In the 2nd and 3rd forms, read is read as . And the verb wind - to twist, should not be confused with the noun wind - wind.

The Ten Most Basic Irregular Verbs

Among the commonly used irregular verbs, one can distinguish the most basic. They need to be known first. Start learning verbs from them, not in alphabetical order. You can learn them literally in 5-10 minutes.

Translation	Infinitive (1st form)	Past Simple (2nd form)	Past Participle (3rd form)
go	go	went	gone
know	know	knew	known
think	think [θiŋk]	thought [θɔ:t]	thought [θɔ:t]
take	take	took	taken [‘teik(ə)n]
see	see	saw	seen
give	give	gave	given
write	write	wrote	written [‘ritn]
speak	speak	spoke	spoken [‘spouk(e)n]
hear	hear	heard	heard
buy	buy	bought	bought

These verbs need to be learned first

Notes:

1. Over time, some verbs from irregular have almost turned into regular ones. For example, even in not very old textbooks it is written that the verb to work- incorrect, it has the form: work - wrought - wrought. Now form wrought almost never used, except in established expressions like "wrought iron" (forged iron), so I did not include it in this table.
2. Verbs to learn(learn), to lean(lean) are also more often used as correct ones: learned, leaned, especially in the USA.
3. Pay attention to forms read-read-read. The word is spelled the same but pronounced differently.
4. Don't confuse the verb wind(twist) and noun wind- wind. They are spelled the same but have different pronunciations and meanings.
5. In the British version, the verbs sew pronounced like