Makhtumkuli is a spiritual healer of the human soul. Translations into Russian Institutions and organizations

makhtumkuli makhmudov, makhtumkuli poems
Makhtumkuli

Makhtumkuli(Persian مخدومقلی فراغی‎, Makhdumqoli Faraghi; Turkm. Magtymguly Pyragy - real name; "Fraghi"- pseudonym; 1727 or 1733 - about 1783) - Turkmen poet, classic of Turkmen literature. Son of the poet Azadi Dovletmamed.

• 1 Biography
• 2 Memory
  • 2.1 Monuments
  • 2.2 Toponymy
  • 2.3 Institutions and organizations
  • 2.4 Other
  • 2.5 Numismatics
• 3 Translations into Russian
• 4 Literature
• 5 Notes
• 6 Links

Biography

Makhtumkuli was born in the village of Khadzhi Govshan in the valley of the Atrek River with the Sumbar and Chendyr tributaries in Turkmenistan, in the foothills of the Kopetdag, where the Göklen Turkmen lived. The Makhtumkuli family belonged to the Kyshyk tribe of the Gerkez clan, an offshoot of the Goklen tribe, a settled agricultural tribe that was in vassal submission to the Persian rulers.

AT adulthood the poet chose the pseudonym Fragi (separated). at the end of each poem, he placed this pseudonym, sometimes the real name, as if referring to himself. This was in the tradition of the poetry of his time.

He studied at the mektebe (village school), where his father taught. Makhtumkuli began to read Persian and Arabic as a child, which was greatly facilitated by the home library collected by his father. Also in childhood, Magtymguly joined the crafts - saddlery, blacksmithing and jewelry.

In 1753, Makhtumkuli studied for one year in the madrasah at the tomb of St. Idris Baba in Kizil-Ayak on the Amu Darya in the Bukhara Khanate.

In 1754, Magtymguly went to Bukhara, where he entered the famous Kokeltash madrasah, where he also studied for one year. There he befriended a Turkmen from Syria named Nuri-Kazym ibn Bahar, a highly educated man who bore the spiritual title of mawlana.

Together with Nuri-Kazym, Magtymguly set off to travel through the territories of present-day Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, crossed Afghanistan and reached northern India.

In 1757 both arrived in Khiva, a major center of education with many madrasahs. Here Magtymguly entered the madrasah built by Khan Shirgazi in 1713. People from families especially marked by the khan's mercy studied here. Here he completed the course of study begun in the two previous madrasahs.

In 1760 Magtymguly's father died, and the poet returned to his homeland. A girl named Mengli, whom he loved, was given in marriage to another man whose family was able to pay the required dowry. He carried his love for Mengli through his whole life - many poems are dedicated to her.

Another blow was the death of two older brothers who were members of the embassy to the powerful ruler Ahmed Shah - they were captured. The longing for the brothers is reflected in many verses.

Returning home, Makhtumkuli got married. He was very fond of his two sons, Sarah and Ibrahim; but the boys died when one was twelve and the other seven.

After 1760 and until his death, Makhtumkuli traveled to the Mangyshlak peninsula, to Astrakhan, through the territory of present-day Azerbaijan and the countries of the Middle East.

Magtymguly changed the Turkmen poetic language to a large extent, bringing it closer to folk speech. He also abandoned the Arabic-Persian metric, traditional for Turkmen literature, and replaced it with a syllabic system.

Memory

• Turkmenistan annually celebrates the Day of Revival, Unity and Poetry of Magtymguly Fragi on May 18, which is a day off.
• In 1959, a USSR postage stamp dedicated to Makhtumkuli was issued.
• In 1991, a commemorative coin of the USSR dedicated to Makhtumkuli was issued.

Monuments

Monuments to Magtymguly have been erected in different cities of the world. The largest number of sculptures is located in the cities of Turkmenistan and countries former USSR(Kyiv, Astrakhan, Khiva), as well as in Iran and Turkey.

In particular, a monument to the Turkmen poet Makhtumkuli made of concrete and natural stone was erected in the center of Ashgabat in 1971, in the Makhtumkuli square on Magtymguly Avenue (former Liberty Avenue), opposite the building of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Turkmenistan.

Toponymy

• Magtymguly etrap is an etrap in the Balkan velayat of Turkmenistan.
• Makhtumkuli - zones of the gas-oil field of Turkmenistan.
• The streets of Ashgabat, Astana, Karshi, Tashkent, Turkmenbashi, Urgench and a number of others are named after Makhtumkuli major cities Turkmenistan and other countries of the former USSR.

Institutions and organizations

Named after the Turkmen poet Magtymguly:

• Turkmen State University.
• Magtymguly Institute of Language and Literature (Turkm. Magtymguly adyndaky Dil we Edebiýat Instituty).
• National Music and Drama Theatre. Makhtumkuli in Ashgabat.
• Turkmen Opera and Ballet Theater named after Makhtumkuli in Ashgabat.
• Youth organization named after Magtymguly.
• Library named after Makhtumkuli in Kyiv.

Other

• In 1974, in memory of Magtymguly, an orchestral work by Veli Mukhadov was created - a symphony "In Memory of Magtymguly".
• In 1992, the Magtymguly International Prize in the field of the Turkmen language and literature was established.
• In 2013, in honor of Magtymguly, the work of Mamed Huseynov was written - the concert mono-opera "Monologues of Magtymguly Fragi".
• In honor of the great Turkmen poet, the month of May of the Turkmen calendar was renamed the month of Makhtumkuli (Magtymguly aý).
• In 2014, the Makhtumkuli Fragi Medal was established to reward for great merits in the study, dissemination and promotion of the creative heritage of Magtymguly.

In numismatics

• Makhtumkuli in numismatics

Commemorative coin 1 ruble of the USSR with the profile of Makhtumkuli (1991)

• Turkmen manat

Banknote of 10 manats of Turkmenistan with the image of Magtymguly (2009)

Translations into Russian

• “Makhtumkuli. Favorites". Moscow. Publishing house " Fiction". 1983 414 p. Translations by Georgy Shengeli, Arseny Tarkovsky, Naum Grebnev, Julius Neiman, Alexander Revich, Anatoly Starostin, Y. Valich, T. Streshneva.
• Magtymguly. Publishing house "Soviet writer", B.P., Leningrad branch. 1984 384 p. Translations by G. Shengeli, A. Tarkovsky, N. Grebnev, Y. Neiman, A. Revich, A. Starostin, Y. Valich.
• “I hear the voice of a friend. Pages of Turkmen poetry. Ashgabat. Publishing house "Turkmenistan". 1985 Translation by N. Grebnev.

Literature

• Brief literary encyclopedia, M., 1972.
• Foreword by A. Zyrin and M. Ovezgeldiyev to the publication of Makhtumkuli, Poems, Soviet writer, Leningrad branch, 1984
• Nury Bayramov "Long Road", Ashgabat, "Magaryf", 1986. As part of the collection, the story "Long Road" (translated by Mikhail Grebnev) about Makhtumkuli.

Literary name of Fragi (circa 1730-1780s), Turkmen Sufi poet (see Sufism). Son of the poet Azadi. He brought the language of poetry closer to the folk language. Poems about the suffering of a people devastated by a foreign invasion, with a call to unite the warring ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

MAKHTUMCULI- (pseudo-Fraghi) (c. 173080s), Turkmen poet and thinker. Son of D. Azadi. More than 10 thousand lines of his poems have been preserved. poems, vol. 12, Ashkh., 1983 (in Turkmen language); Izbr., M., 1983; Poems, L., 1984. Makhtumkuli. ... ... Literary Encyclopedic Dictionary

MAKHTUMCULI- (nickname - Φragi) (born around 1730 - died in the 80s of the 18th century) - Turkmen. poet and thinker. Philos. M.'s views were formed under the influence of Nizami, Saadi, Navoi, Rudaki and Nesimi. Adherence to Islam was combined with M. with sharp criticism of obscurantism and ... ... Philosophical Encyclopedia

MAKHTUMCULI Modern Encyclopedia

MAKHTUMCULI- (literary name of Fragi) (c. 1730-80s) Turkmen Sufi poet (see Sufism). Son of the poet Azadi. He brought the language of poetry closer to the folk language. Lyrical poems about the suffering of the people devastated by foreign invasion; opposed the reactionary ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Makhtumkuli- (literary name of Fragi) (circa 1730-1780s), Turkmen poet and thinker. Lyrical poems of various genres, among which stands out the tragic cycle about being in Iranian captivity and about the suffering of the people devastated by foreign invasion. ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

Makhtumkuli- MAKHTUMKULI (lit. name of Fragi) (c. 173080s), Turkm. poet and thinker. Son of the poet Azadi. Lyric. poems of different genres; tragic stands out. cycle about staying in iran. captivity and the suffering of a people devastated by a foreign invasion; pl. poetry… … Biographical Dictionary

Makhtumkuli- (real name; pseudonym Fragi) (years of birth and death unknown), Turkmen poet of the 18th century. Son of the poet Azadi. He studied at the Shirgazi Madrasah in the city of Khiva. Good knowledge of literature and folklore Central Asia, Azerbaijan, Iran; a lot of… … Great Soviet Encyclopedia

MAKHTUMCULI- (Fraghi) (born around 1730, died in the 80s of the 18th century) Turkm. poet and thinker. M.'s worldview was formed under the influence of Rudaki, Nizami, Firdowsi, Saadi, Navoi, and others. M.'s adherence to Islam was combined with sharp criticism of obscurantism and greed ... ... Soviet historical encyclopedia

MAKHTUMCULI- (c. 1733, the village of Haji Govshan, now the stop of Mazandaran, Iran, c. 1783, the village of Ak Tokay, in the same place), Turkm. poet and thinker, founder of the Turkmen. lit. language and written literature. Information about life is scarce. He studied at the Hala Cha Madrassah, Bukhara, Khiva. Lived ... ... Russian Pedagogical Encyclopedia

Books

• Makhtumkuli. Poems , Makhtumkuli , This edition of the works of the classic of Turkmen poetry of the XVIII century. Magtymguly aims to give as complete an idea as possible about the best examples of his work in different… Category: Poetry Series: Poet's Library. Big Series Publisher: Soviet Writer. Leningrad branch, Buy for 560 rubles
• Makhtumkuli. Poems , Makhtumkuli , The book of the classic of Turkmen poetry of the XVIII century Makhtumkuli includes the best examples of Magtymguly's creativity, including civil and philosophical poems, satire, love… Category: Poetry Publisher:

Makhtumkuli

Makhtumkuli (مخدومقلی فراغی, Makhdumqoli Faraghi; Magtymguly Pyragy, real name, Fragi- pseudonym; 1727 or 1733 - about 1783) - Turkmen poet, classic of Turkmen literature. Son of the poet Azadi Dovletmamed.

Biography

Makhtumkuli was born in the village of Khadzhi Govshan in the valley of the Atrek River with the Sumbar and Chendyr tributaries in Turkmenistan, in the foothills of the Kopetdag, where the Göklen Turkmen lived. The Makhtumkuli family belonged to the Kyshyk tribe of the Gerkez clan, an offshoot of the Goklen tribe, a settled agricultural tribe that was in vassal submission to the Persian rulers.

In adulthood, the poet chose the pseudonym Fragi (separated). At the end of each poem, he placed this pseudonym, sometimes the real name, as if referring to himself. This was in the tradition of the poetry of his time.

He studied at the mektebe (village school), where his father taught. Makhtumkuli began to read Persian and Arabic as a child, which was greatly facilitated by the home library collected by his father. Also in childhood, Magtymguly joined the crafts - saddlery, blacksmithing and jewelry.

In 1753, Makhtumkuli studied for one year in the madrasah at the tomb of St. Idris Baba in Kizil-Ayak on the Amu Darya in the Bukhara Khanate.

In 1754, Magtymguly went to Bukhara, where he entered the famous Kokeltash madrasah, where he also studied for one year. There he befriended a Turkmen from Syria named Nuri-Kazym ibn Bahar, a highly educated man who bore the spiritual title of mawlana.

Together with Nuri-Kazym, Magtymguly set off to travel through the territories of present-day Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, crossed Afghanistan and reached northern India.

In 1757 both arrived in Khiva, a major center of education with many madrasahs. Here Magtymguly entered the madrasah built by Khan Shirgazi in 1713. People from families especially marked by the khan's mercy studied here. Here he completed the course of study begun in the two previous madrasahs.

In 1760 Magtymguly's father died, and the poet returned to his homeland. A girl named Mengli, whom he loved, was given in marriage to another man whose family was able to pay the required dowry. He carried his love for Mengli through his whole life - many poems are dedicated to her.

Another blow was the death of two older brothers who were members of the embassy to the powerful ruler Ahmed Shah - they were captured. The longing for the brothers is reflected in many verses.

Returning home, Makhtumkuli got married. He was very fond of his two sons, Sarah and Ibrahim; but the boys died when one was twelve and the other seven.

After 1760 and until his death, Makhtumkuli traveled to the Mangyshlak peninsula, to Astrakhan, through the territory of present-day Azerbaijan and the countries of the Middle East.

Magtymguly changed the Turkmen poetic language to a large extent, bringing it closer to folk speech. He also abandoned the Arabic-Persian metric, traditional for Turkmen literature, and replaced it with a syllabic system.

Memory

• Turkmenistan annually celebrates the Day of Revival, Unity and Poetry of Magtymguly Fragi on May 18, which is a day off.
• In 1959, a USSR postage stamp dedicated to Makhtumkuli was issued.
• In 1991, a commemorative coin of the USSR dedicated to Makhtumkuli was issued.

Monuments

Monuments of Magtymguly have been erected in different cities of the world. The largest number of sculptures is located in the cities of Turkmenistan and the countries of the former USSR (Kyiv and Astrakhan).

File:Magtymguly heykeli std.jpg| Monument to Makhtumkuli in Ashgabat

File:MagtymgulyPyragy.jpg| Monument to Makhtumkuli in Ashgabat.

File:Magtymguly monument in Kiev, Ukraine..jpg| Fragi in Kyiv, Ukraine.

File:Magtymguly monument in Astrakhan.jpg| Monument to Makhtumkuli in Astrakhan, Russia.

File:Magtymguly tomb1.jpg| Mausoleum of Magtymguly in Iran.

File:Monument to Makhtumkuli in Khiva.jpg| Monument to Makhtumkuli in Khiva, Uzbekistan.

File:MagtymgulyKrasnovodsk.JPG| Monument to Magtymguly in Turkmenbashi.

Toponymy

• Magtymguly etrap is an etrap in the Balkan velayat of Turkmenistan.
• Makhtumkuli - zones of the gas-oil field of Turkmenistan.
• The streets of Ashgabat, Astana, Karshi, Tashkent, Turkmenbashi, Urgench and in a number of smaller cities of Turkmenistan and other countries of the former USSR are named after Makhtumkuli.

Institutions and organizations

• There is a street in honor of Makhtumkuli in Astana (Kazakhstan)
• The Turkmen State University is named after Makhtumkuli.
• Institute of Language and Literature named after Magtymguly.
• National Music and Drama Theatre. Makhtumkuli in Ashgabat.
• Turkmen Opera and Ballet Theatre. Makhtumkuli in Ashgabat.
• Magtymguly Youth Organization.
• Library them. Magtymguly in Kyiv.

Other

• Since 1992, the Magtymguly International Prize in the field of the Turkmen language and literature.
• Orchestral composition by Veli Mukhadov - Symphony "In Memory of Magtymguly" (1974)
• In honor of the great Turkmen poet, the month of May of the Turkmen calendar was named "makhtumkuli" (Magtymguly aý)

In numismatics

File:Soviet Union-1991-Coin-1-Magtymguly.jpg| Commemorative coin 1 ruble of the USSR with the profile of Makhtumkuli (1991)

File:10 manat. Turkmenistan, 2009 a.jpg| Banknote of 10 manats of Turkmenistan with the image of Magtymguly (2009)

Translations into Russian

• Makhtumkuli. Favorites. M. Hood. Literature 1983. 414 p. Translations by G. Shengeli, Arseny Tarkovsky, Naum Grebnev, Y. Neiman, A. Revich, A. Starostin, Y. Valich, T. Streshneva.
• Makhtumkuli. Soviet writer, B. P., Leningrad branch. 1984. 384 p. Translations by G. Shengeli, Arseny Tarkovsky, Naum Grebnev, Y. Neiman, A. Revich, A. Starostin, Y. Valich.
• I hear the voice of a friend. Pages of Turkmen poetry. Translation by Naum Grebnev, Ashgabat, "Turkmenistan" 1985

Makhtumkuli was born in the village of Khadzhi Govshan in the valley of the Atrek River with the tributaries of the Sumbar and Chendyr in Turkmenistan, in the foothills of the Kopetdag, where the Goklen of various tribes lived. The Makhtumkuli family belonged to the Kyshyk tribe of the Gerkez clan, an offshoot of the Goklen tribe, a settled agricultural tribe that was in vassal submission to the Persian rulers.

In adulthood, the poet chose the pseudonym Fragi (separated). At the end of each poem, he placed this pseudonym, sometimes the real name, as if referring to himself. This was in the tradition of the poetry of his time.

He studied at the mektebe (village school), where his father taught. Makhtumkuli began to read Persian and Arabic as a child, which was greatly facilitated by the home library collected by his father. Also in childhood, Magtymguly joined the crafts - saddlery, blacksmithing and jewelry.

In 1753, Makhtumkuli studied for one year in the madrasah at the tomb of St. Idris Baba in Kizil-Ayak on the Amu Darya in the Bukhara Khanate.

In 1754, Magtymguly went to Bukhara, where he entered the famous Kokeltash madrasah, where he also studied for one year. There he befriended a Turkmen from Syria named Nuri-Kazym ibn Bahar, a highly educated man who bore the spiritual title of mawlana.

Together with Nuri-Kazym, Magtymguly set off to travel through the territories of present-day Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, crossed Afghanistan and reached northern India.

In 1757 both arrived in Khiva, a major center of education with many madrasahs. Here Magtymguly entered the madrasah built by Khan Shirgazi in 1713. People from families especially marked by the khan's mercy studied here. Here he completed the course of study begun in the two previous madrasahs.

In 1760 Magtymguly's father died, and the poet returned to his homeland. A girl named Mengli, whom he loved, was given in marriage to another man whose family was able to pay the required dowry. He carried his love for Mengli through his whole life - many poems are dedicated to her.

Another blow was the death of two older brothers who were members of the embassy to the powerful ruler Ahmed Shah - they were captured. The longing for the brothers is reflected in many verses.

Returning home, Makhtumkuli got married. He was very fond of his two sons, Sarah and Ibrahim; but the boys died when one was twelve and the other seven.

After 1760 and until his death, Makhtumkuli traveled to the Mangyshlak peninsula, to Astrakhan, through the territory of present-day Azerbaijan and the countries of the Middle East.

Magtymguly changed the Turkmen poetic language to a large extent, bringing it closer to folk speech. He also abandoned the Arabic-Persian metric, traditional for Turkmen literature, and replaced it with a syllabic system.

Memory

• Turkmenistan annually celebrates the Day of Revival, Unity and Poetry of Makhtumkuli.
• In 1959, a USSR postage stamp dedicated to Makhtumkuli was issued.
• In 1991, a commemorative coin of the USSR dedicated to Makhtumkuli was issued.

Monuments

Monuments of Magtymguly have been erected in different cities of the world. The largest number of sculptures is located in the cities of Turkmenistan and the countries of the former USSR (Kyiv and Astrakhan).

Monument to Makhtumkuli in Ashgabat

Fragi in Kyiv

Monument to Makhtumkuli in Astrakhan

Mausoleum of Magtymguly in Iran

Toponymy

• Magtymguly etrap is an etrap in the Balkan velayat of Turkmenistan.
• Makhtumkuli - zones of the gas-oil field of Turkmenistan.
• The streets of Ashgabat, Astana, Karshi, Tashkent, Turkmenbashi, Urgench and a number of less populated cities of Turkmenistan and the countries of the former USSR are named after Makhtumkuli.

Institutions and organizations

• The Turkmen State University is named after Makhtumkuli.
• Institute of Language and Literature named after Magtymguly.
• National Music and Drama Theatre. Makhtumkuli in Ashgabat.
• Turkmen Opera and Ballet Theatre. Makhtumkuli in Ashgabat.
• Magtymguly Youth Organization.
• Library them. Magtymguly in Kyiv.

Other

• Since 1992, the Magtymguly International Prize in the field of the Turkmen language and literature.
• Orchestral composition by Veli Mukhadov - Symphony 1 "In Memory of Magtymguly" (1974)
• The Day of Revival, Unity and Poetry of Magtymguly is one of the officially established holidays of Turkmenistan. Celebrated on May 18, is a day off.
• In honor of the great Turkic poet, the month of May of the Turkmen calendar was named "makhtumkuli" (Magtymguly a?)

In numismatics

• Makhtumkuli in numismatics

Commemorative coin 1 ruble of the USSR with the profile of Makhtumkuli (1991)

Banknote of 10 manats of Turkmenistan with the image of Magtymguly (2009)

Translations into Russian

• Makhtumkuli. Favorites. M. Hood. Literature 1983. 414 p. Translations by G. Shengeli, Arseny Tarkovsky, Naum Grebnev, Y. Neiman, A. Revich, A. Starostin, Y. Valich, T. Streshneva.
• Makhtumkuli. Soviet writer, B. P., Leningrad branch. 1984. 384 p. Translations by G. Shengeli, Arseny Tarkovsky, Naum Grebnev, Y. Neiman, A. Revich, A. Starostin, Y. Valich.
• I hear the voice of a friend. Pages of Turkmen poetry. Translation by Naum Grebnev, Ashgabat, "Turkmenistan" 1985

• Brief literary encyclopedia, M., 1972.
• Foreword by A. Zyrin and M. Ovezgeldiyev to the publication of Makhtumkuli, Poems, Soviet writer, Leningrad branch, 1984
• Nury Bayramov "Long Road", Ashgabat, "Magaryf", 1986. As part of the collection, the story "Long Road" (translated by Mikhail Grebnev) about Makhtumkuli.

Turkmen lyric poetry reached its highest level in the work of the great Magtymguly Fragi (Prague) (1733-1783). The love for Makhtumkuli is passed down from generation to generation by the Turkmen people.

In the 19th century the famous Hungarian traveler and scientist A. Vambery, having visited Turkmenistan, wrote: “The minutes when I happened to hear a bakhshi singing one of Magtymguly’s songs during a celebration or a simple party made an extremely interesting and indelible impression on me.. As the sung battle became fiercer, the singer and the young listeners became more and more inspired.

It was a truly romantic spectacle: the young nomads, breathing heavily, hit their hats on the ground and madly clutched at their curls, as if engaging in a battle with themselves.

Turkmens have long loved and appreciated the songs of bakhshi, but passionate attention and love for Magtymguly is special. For the first time in his poems, the tragedy of the life of the Turkmen people, their aspirations and thoughts, sorrows and dreams were reflected with such vivacity, fullness and complicity.

The nightingale is a beloved flower,

To me, Fragi, are my dear people.

My modest verse, persecuted verse,

My great-grandson will say.

(“The Singer”. Translation by A. Tarkovsky)

The literary heritage of the poet consists mainly of songs and gazelles. Songs created in ancient folk form- each represents an arbitrary number of quatrains, united by a rhyme according to the scheme: abab - vvvb - gggb, etc.

In the last quatrain, as a rule, there is the name of the poet or - sometimes - his literary pseudonym - Fragi, which means Separated. The total volume of his poetry has not been established, approximately 16-18 thousand lines have been preserved, part of the heritage has perished forever.

Magtymguly wrote not only about the people and for the people, but also in the language of the people. In his poetry, the process of assimilation of Arab-Persian poetics by Turkmen literature was completed. The poet proved, contrary to the prevailing opinion in the East at that time, that not only Persian and Arabic, but also the Turkmen language is suitable for high poetry.

Magtymguly's attitude towards Iran was ambivalent: he hated the Iranian conquerors, in whose captivity he experienced many hard days, but honored the rulers of thoughts - the great Iranian poets, from whom he learned his craft. The poet introduced elements of Chagataisms into his poems so skillfully and tactfully that they did not obscure the peculiarities of the Turkmen language; this was one of the reasons why the almost non-literate people brought Magtymguly's work to the present day.

Makhtumkuli realized himself as a poet, marked by God and sent into the world to serve people. This idea is expressed figuratively in the poem "Revelation":

They appeared to me when I lay down at midnight,

Four horsemen: “Get up,” they said. —

We will give a sign when the time comes.

Pay attention, look, remember,” they said.

From the hands of Muhammad himself, the poet accepts a cup that bestows enlightenment:

And condemned my flesh to torment,

I drank everything they brought in the cup;

Burned my mind, I lay in the dust...

“The world is before you. Go look!" - they said...

Distant lands opened up to me

And the secret movements of being.

So I lay, holding my breath.

And, spitting in my face: “Get up!” they said.

Magtymguly opened his eyes and got up.

What thoughts followed!

Streams of foam flowed from my lips.

"Now wander from end to end!" they said.

(Translated by A. Tarkovsky)

The motive of revelation, recognition of creativity as something close to a ritual act, sustained by Makhtumkuli in the laws of the Muslim tradition, was extremely common in the Eastern poetry of those years and in the eyes of the people gave the poet a special spiritual strength.

Almost all the great epic narrators, as it were, were ordained poets by divine providence, regardless of their desire and will. The dream of the poet's life was to see his people united, forgetting enmity, free from the foreign yoke:

Like the flesh of the return of being,

Having tasted the dream of death, he wishes

Bloody mine

The soul desires other times.

Fragi is exhausted by the disease:

Uniter of Tribes

Blessed is he,

In love with Turkmenistan, wishes.

(“Desire”. Translation by A. Tarkovsky)

Magtymguly's work is imbued with a well-known tragedy. Part of the criticism tends to see in this the echoes of the main doctrine of Sufism (and Makhtumkuli, like many poets of his time, was a Sufi) - the eternal opposition of the real world, as the kingdom of evil, illusory and imperfection, and the other world - the embodiment of true reality, justice and happiness.

Makhtumkuli really has the lines: “Death sews shrouds for us, without missing a moment, we are all slaves, it cannot be overthrown by the yoke”, “Wormy nut completely - this is our insignificant world!”, “Paradise on earth is a barren tree”, etc. But to see in them only a reflection of Sufi philosophy means to simplify Magtymguly's poetry in many ways.

The tragedy of his poems is not only in the doctrine of Sufism, it is to a large extent complicated by the dramatic events of his personal life (the loss of his beloved, the death of his son) and aggravated by the fate of the Turkmen people in the 18th century. (tribal feuds, destructive and brutal raids from Iran and Afghanistan).

Fraga's heart, you're on fire today:

Those who fell in battle appeared to me.

A bitter feast in a sad country

The song of hopes is not worth reciting.

(“It didn’t fit.” Translation by Y. Valich)

The decline in morality, the mental confusion that gripped people who had forgotten their heroic past, caused Fragi almost more pain than the Sufi inevitable lack of happiness on earth:

The husband turned into a coward, the slaves turned into husbands,

The lion turned into a fly and the flies into lions

The dungeon became a home, the clock became centuries...

Before the hordes of fate, what should I do?

(“Invasion”. Translation by A. Tarkovsky)

Unlike the Sufi, the poet accepts life with all its tragedy and transience. Phrase: "O healer, gentle Lukman, give me healing!" is just a rhetorical figure, not a mystic's prayer for salvation. The transience of life and its imperfection push the poet not to a cup of wine - the eternal oblivion of a dervish, but to tireless work on an imperfect earth:

Good is not a frequent visitor in this world:

Love him and do not yield to evil.

Magtymguly, you have not found a cure

From the malice of the world and its deceit.

The time will come - you will descend into a silent kingdom -

Don't waste a day or an hour!

(“Instruction”. Translation by A. Tarkovsky)

And although a person on earth is “not eternal,” he must be “just and merciful,” the poet claims:

The world is a fortress on earth, erasing the time of writing.

In the eternal human commotion, everything has lost its price.

Where, triumphant, life bloomed - the dead desert is visible,

You will not find traces of nomads - you are not eternal, you are not eternal!

Separation is an evil disease, trouble for those who are separated.

Be fair and merciful while you are young and strong.

And your life will light up, as if you were on fire.

Like a torch, you will come out with light - you are not eternal, you are not eternal!

(“You are not eternal.” Translation by A. Tarkovsky)

Magtymguly's work is rich and multifaceted. It covers various aspects of the life of the Turkmen society. His songs are like an encyclopedia of the life of the people. They reflect historical events, way of life, customs, laws, cultural traditions of Turkmens.

The role of Magtymguly in Turkmen literature is important. Writers of subsequent generations mastered, continued and developed its traditions. The poetry of the great Turkmen had a certain impact on the work of the best Karakalpak poets of the 19th century. and Uzbek folk shairs.

History of world literature: in 9 volumes / Edited by I.S. Braginsky and others - M., 1983-1984