Scientific work on literature on the topic “The struggle between good and evil in M. Lermontov’s poem “Demon””. The search for the lost harmony with the world, the struggle between good and evil in the soul of the protagonist of the poem M.Yu. Lermontov "Demon" Confrontation between good and evil in the demon poem
Poem by M.Yu. Lermontov's "Demon" can be considered the visiting card of the writer. Here we see both the Caucasus, beloved by the author, and the philosophical thoughts of the author regarding good and evil. The poem is not without the theme of the impossibility of love, which was so relevant for Mikhail Yuryevich himself. A masterful depiction of nature, dialogues full of psychologism and romantic pathos, a variety of mythological and folklore motifs - all this contains this masterpiece of Russian literature.
The poem "Demon" has 8 editions, since Lermontov began writing his work at the age of 14 and returned to work on his brainchild throughout his life. Early editions are notable for the lack of integrity of images, a large number of philosophical arguments. The year 1838 becomes a turning point for the development of the author's idea, when the 6th and 7th editions appear from the poet's pen. Now a more mature creator does not draw a parallel between the Demon and himself and endows his hero with monologues.
The poem is based on the biblical myth of the fallen angel, and also refers to Georgian folklore and details of local life.
Genre and direction
The main character of the poem can be called the prototype of the hero-exile, who firmly took his place in the literature of romanticism. This is the Fallen Angel, suffering for his insolence and disobedience. The very appeal to such an image is a characteristic feature of romanticism. One of the first was Milton (“Paradise Lost”), who turned to this character and Byron influenced Russian literature, does not bypass the eternal image and A.S. Pushkin.
The poem is permeated with ideas of struggle both at the global level (opposition between the Demon and God) and inside the soul of an individual character (the Demon wants to improve, but pride and a thirst for pleasure torment him).
The presence of folklore motifs also makes it possible to classify "The Demon" as a romantic poem.
About what?
In Georgia, in the luxurious house of Prince Gudal, lives his daughter, a girl of incredible beauty, Tamara. She is waiting for her wedding, the courtyard has already been cleaned for the celebration, but the Demon flying over the peaks of the Caucasus has already noticed the girl, he was captivated by her. The groom hurries to the wedding, followed by a rich caravan of camels, but in the gorge the travelers are overtaken by robbers. So the joy of the wedding turns into the grief of the funeral.
The demon, now without rival, appears to Tamara, wanting to possess her. The poor girl wants to find protection from God and goes to a monastery. There she is guarded by a Guardian Angel, but one night the Demon overcame this barrier and seduced the girl. Tamara died, but her soul was saved by an Angel and transferred to Paradise, where she found peace.
Main characters and their characteristics
- Demon- a very complex character of the poem. The very image of the Demon goes back to Biblical stories, but in Lermontov's poem we already meet the author's interpretation of this archetype. He is punished by eternal life, and his existence will always be accompanied by loneliness and longing. It would seem that one can envy this unique opportunity: to observe mountain beauties from a bird's eye view, but even this bored the hero. Even evil no longer brings him pleasure. But the characteristic of the Demon cannot be reduced only to the negative. He meets a girl comparable to a fairy-tale maiden, with such beauty as "the world has never seen". But she is beautiful not only in appearance and outfits, but also in her soul.
- Tamara modest, chaste, believes in God, she was not created for this world, it is no coincidence that the Demon wants to find salvation through love for her. Feeling this new feeling for him, the Fallen Angel wants to do only good, to take the true path. But, as we see further, the hero cannot cope with his pride, and all his good intentions turn into dust. The tempter is impudent and persistent, on the way to pleasure he is not going to yield to either the pleas of a defenseless girl or the persuasion of God's messenger.
- Love. Love occupies a special place in the poem. It has limitless power: sometimes it destroys heroes, sometimes it gives hope, and sometimes it promises eternal torment. Jealous rush to the bride ruins Tamara's fiancé, for the Demon, this girl is the hope of salvation. Love awakens long-forgotten feelings in the Fallen Angel, it makes him, terrified, afraid and cry.
- Fight. Rejected by Heaven, the Demon is no longer able to endure his torment. In the poem, he appears to the reader as having already lost all taste for existence, even evil does not bring him pleasure. The last chance to win forgiveness is the love of a young pure girl. Tamara for the Demon is a tool to fight the Sky. He got rid of the Angel, seduced Tamara, but he is not able to overcome himself, his vices, for which he is doomed to suffer forever. Tamara struggles with the tempter, she does not give in to his words against the Almighty, desperately wanting to avoid the hellish abode.
- Loneliness. The “spirit of exile” has been wandering “in the desert of the world without shelter” for several centuries. The only consolation of his existence is the memories of the past, when he was among his fellow “pure cherubs”. Love for a mortal pure girl makes the Demon even more acutely celebrate his longing and loneliness. It seems that at some point he is ready to show humility and bow before the Almighty: he hears an evening song, it reminds the Fallen Angel of Paradise. The demon, who had previously inspired fear and horror in everyone, is now crying with hot tears himself.
- faith. Only thanks to her unshakable faith in God, Tamara escapes from the torments of hell. A disdainful attitude towards religion destroys, according to the author's intention, the princess' fiancé. Tempting the beauty, the Demon whispers to her that God is busy only with heavenly affairs, and does not pay attention to earthly things. But the girl did not succumb to the slander of evil, for which her soul was saved by the Guardian Angel.
Themes
Idea
Angel and Demon are two sides of the same soul. Man is dual by nature, Good and Evil always fight in him. The purpose of the protagonist of the poem is to sow doubt, to awaken crafty thoughts in a person. For obedience to the Demon, God can severely punish, as happened with Tamara's fiancé.
The Demon is also defeated, but is Heaven so cruel to him? It gives the exile a chance to be saved through sincere love, leading to virtue, but the hero cannot cope with his negative beginning and thereby destroys himself and the girl.
Issues
Love and vice are incompatible - Lermontov actualizes this problem in The Demon. For the author, this feeling is rather sacred, given by Heaven, rather than earthly. When they forget about the beauty of the soul, and think only about the pleasures of the flesh, love is replaced by sin. True feeling calls for virtue, self-sacrifice, the rejection of pride.
But not everyone is given the ability to love in this way. Obsessed with a thirst for superiority over Heaven and the desire to experience pleasure, for the first time in many hundreds of years, the Demon breaks the last saving thread. Both the Fallen Angel and Tamara become victims of sinful passion, but the girl who worships God is saved, and the Demon, who stubbornly opposes the Creator, dooms himself to eternal suffering. This is how the moral problem of pride is reflected - the dark side of the soul of each of us.
The characters face the problem of moral choice. The demon between humility and passion chooses the latter, for which he receives even more suffering. Tamara's fiance listened to the sly voice and neglected prayer on the road, for which he paid dearly, Tamara manages to resist the temptations of the tempter, so the Gates of Paradise are open for her.
Criticism
In the assessment of critics "Demon" in certain periods of its literary history the poem is presented in different ways. The appearance of this demonic image on Russian soil was in some way a literary event, the reviewers were in awe of the work, first of all, because they realized what kind of history this topic has behind it in world literature. One of the greatest critics of that time, V.G. Belinsky himself admits that the "Demon" became for him a measure of "truths, feelings, beauties." V.P. Botkin saw in the poem a revolutionary view of the universe. Many of the researchers of Lermontov's work still argue about the importance of some editions, without unconditionally giving the palm to the final version.
Quite different was the criticism of a later period. "Demon" became the object of ridicule and mockery, especially realists, V. Zaitsev, A. Novodvorsky, had an extremely negative attitude towards one of the main symbols of romanticism.
A. Blok, the torch of poetry of the beginning of the last century, rehabilitates the poem, continuing the tradition of Lermontov in his poem "Demon".
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Having read many works of art, I have never come across an image similar to the image of the Demon in the poem of the same name by M.Yu. Lermontov. I will remember this image for a long time for its unusualness and ambiguity. Good and evil are intertwined in it. In the poem "Demon" such a bright feeling as love gives rise to cruelty and selfishness.
Demon's fate is very sad. He is doomed to eternal wanderings above the earth. His aimless existence depresses him.
“He sowed evil without pleasure. Nowhere did he encounter resistance to his art - and evil bored him. Demon in despair: he looks at the world with envy, full of life and emotions, realizing the impossibility of feeling it in your empty soul.
But a miracle happens - the Demon meets Tamara and falls in love with her. It would seem how a Demon, not having a human heart and a human soul, is able to love? But Lermontov shows us that this is possible. But if love ennobles a person, then the Demon, on the contrary, hardens. The writer draws a parallel between the Demon and people with a cold heart. He shows that such people are also capable of experiencing the highest feeling - love, but the consequences of such love are sometimes deplorable.
It is especially sad that such people exist in our time. For their soul and conscience, as well as for the Demon who killed Tamara's fiancé, it will not be difficult to get rid of the enemy. The demon is not capable of sacrifices in the name of love. He could not let go and forget Tamara. "Forget? - God did not give oblivion: yes, he would not take oblivion! .. ".
The question arises: does the Demon truly love Tamara? I think he loves, but his devilish nature does not allow him to fully surrender to this feeling. He is a demon, a messenger of hell, an exiled spirit. Selfishness and a sense of ownership are very clear in him. However, the Demon manages to make Tamara fall in love with him. Appearing to her at night, he consoles her, bestowing affectionate speeches, and promises to come to her in a dream. The demon keeps his word and appears to Tamara at night. Lermontov describes the spirit of exile: "It was like a clear evening: neither day nor night, neither darkness nor light!..". This speaks of the ambiguity of the character of the hero. We can't say for sure if the Demon is good or bad. There is hope for rebirth in his words and feelings, but there is no such hope in his actions. He knows that his love will kill Tamara, but he does not stop torturing her. The demon showers her with oaths, but are they sincere? For he swears by heaven, whence he was expelled, and by the shrine, which he does not have. The demon does not spare Tamara, his gaze is filled with fire: “A mighty gaze looked into her eyes! He burned her." And, finally, kissing her, he kills his beloved with deadly poison. But even after the death of Tamara, the Demon hardly lets her soul go to heaven.
The Demon was not destined to be reborn again. Even love could not help him in this. Indeed, without self-sacrifice it is impossible to find happiness and peace of mind. “And the defeated Demon cursed his crazy dreams, and again he remained, arrogant, alone, as before, in the universe without hope and love! ..”.
The plot of this romantic poem was the legend of a fallen angel who was once part of God's retinue, but then murmured at Him because God was allegedly unjust and allowed evil. Having fallen away from God, the angel became a demon, a servant of Satan, and took up arms against God, allegedly out of love for humanity and with the expectation that people would leave God. But the evil sown by the demon did not bear fruit of good. It remained evil, not correcting humanity, but giving birth to even more sinners. And then the demon became disillusioned with Satan. He was tired of doing evil, and he decided to make peace with God, to again fall into His mercy.
Lermontov wrote a poem about what happened after the flight of the angel from God and after the disappointment of the demon in Satan. The question that was posed by Lermontov sounded something like this: is it possible to atone for sins, return to the bosom of God, if the demon is not going to give up his former beliefs? Can one who remains an individualist be reconciled with God? Can a fallen angel, again seeking agreement with God, do good?
The poem "Demon" was created by Lermontov for 10 years. Its final edition took shape in 1839. During the life of Lermontov, the poem was not published and first appeared abroad.
Demon Image. Main character poems - Demon, an image that personifies the evil inclination, which comes to the universal denial of the world. Demon is not just a skeptic. He suffers from a sense of the meaninglessness of being, and this gives him a gloomy charm. The demon administers sole judgment over the world. He takes revenge on society, humanity and the Creator. Lermontov's Demon is associated with the European poetic tradition. Ultimately, this image goes back to the Old Testament prophecy about the death of Babylon, which speaks of a fallen angel who rebelled against God.
Lermontov's demon is not at enmity with God, he wants to achieve harmony, again feel the value of goodness and beauty ("I want to make peace with God, / I want to love, I want to pray, / I want to believe good") through love for an earthly woman. The reader finds the Demon at a fatal, turning point in his fate. The demon recalls the former harmony with the world, "when he believed and loved." The bitter irony of fate is that, thinking to take revenge on God and the world, the Demon placed himself outside of moral values and took revenge on himself. The individualistic position turned out to be fruitless and doomed the Demon to hopeless loneliness.
The demon was fed up with everything - both evil and good. God's world, to which he aspires, also does not arouse enthusiasm in him:
proud spirit
looked contemptuously
Creations of your God
And on his high forehead
Nothing was reflected.
Without any charm, the Demon looks at “luxurious Georgia”, the picture of which causes nothing but “cold envy”, “in the chest of the barren exile ...”.
The demon is not satisfied either by falling away from earthly and worldly life, or by accepting the creation of God. He would like to retain contempt and hatred for the earthly world and at the same time experience the bliss of merging with the whole of the world. It's impossible. Both heaven and earth live according to their own laws, not needing a Demon. And then Tamara suddenly strikes him with her beauty. She reminds the Demon of "better days", and "the shrine of love, goodness and beauty comes to life in him! ..". Through love for Tamara, the Demon hopes, he will be able to touch the world harmony again.
So that only he gets Tamara, the "crafty Demon" revolts Tamara's fiancé with "an insidious dream" and contributes to his death. However, Tamara's memory of her fiancé remains, her grief remains. The demon seeks to destroy them too. He offers Tamara his love, confusing her soul with doubts about the need to remain faithful and remember her beloved:
He is far away, he does not know
Will not appreciate your longing ...
Invading Tamara's life, the Demon destroys the world of patriarchal integrity, and love for Tamara itself is full of selfishness: the Demon needs it for its own revival and return of the lost harmony with the world. The price of this harmony is the inevitable and inevitable death of Tamara. After leaving worldly life, she becomes a nun, but confusion does not leave her. Doubt also applies to the Demon:
And there was a minute
When he seemed ready
Leave the intent cruel.
However, the resounding sounds of the song, in which the Demon again heard the world harmony he desired (“And this song was tender. / As if it was / Was composed in heaven for the earth!”), Resolve his doubts: the former sense of harmony turns out to be so powerful that again takes possession of the Demon, but now irrevocably:
And he enters, ready to love,
With a heart open to goodness,
And he thinks that a new life
The desired time has come.
But the good he longs for is achieved through evil. No wonder Tamara's angel tells him: "To my love, to my shrine / Do not lay a criminal trail."
And then it turns out that the Demon is still the same evil and insidious spirit: “And again the poison woke up in his soul / Ancient hatred.” Tempting Tamara, he appears to her as a sufferer who is sick of evil, knowledge and freedom, dislike of heaven and earth, rejection and loneliness. He asks for love and participation in his suffering:
Me good and heaven
You could return with a word.
The demon promises to throw "immortality and power", "eternity" and "infinity possessions" at Tamara's feet. He wants to love and be kind, not accepting God's world as a whole, and therefore doomed to skepticism and self-will:
All noble dishonored
And all the beautiful blasphemed ...
People turned out to be his obedient disciples, but they have hope for God's forgiveness. The Demon has no hope, no faith, he is forever immersed in the abyss of doubt, and the power of power, absolute freedom and omniscience turned into the torment of suffering.
The demon promises Tamara unlimited freedom and eternal love, which are not on earth, complete oblivion of the earthly sinful world, indifference to imperfect earthly life.
However, in that indifferent, cold and sinless being, where the Demon calls Tamara, there is no idea of good and evil. The Demon himself suffers from this indistinguishability of good and evil. He wants to change places with Tamara: to immerse her in the world of his suffering and, having taken her life, to relive the harmony of the earthly and heavenly. He manages to defeat an earthly woman who bestows love on him (“Alas! the evil spirit triumphed! / The deadly poison of his kiss / Instantly penetrated her chest”; “A kiss of two souls ...”). But the revival of the Demon is impossible. His triumph over Tamara turns out to be his defeat at the same time. Hoping for eternal happiness, for the absolute resolution of the contradictions of his consciousness, the Demon for a moment becomes both the winner and the vanquished. Initiation to harmony due to love for an earthly woman and at the cost of her death was not realized. The evil inclination reappeared in the Demon.
The final word of the Demon thrown into the world was a curse:
And cursed Demon defeated
Your crazy dreams
And again he remained, arrogant,
Alone, as before, in the universe
No hope, no love!
The tragedy of the Demon unfolds against the backdrop of nature, which retains its naturalness and grandeur. She continues to live her former spiritualized and harmonious life. The Demon's suffering for a harmonic utopia, his impulse to freedom, his passionate protest against the unjust structure of life would be justified if harmony was achieved not by self-will, but by purposeful exertion of creative efforts.
Tamara. The antagonist of the outcast spirit is Tamara in the poem. It personifies the naive consciousness of the patriarchal world. Tamara's life, before the Demon saw her, flowed in the bosom of beautiful nature. Tamara rejoices in the world, its colors and sounds. The death of the groom echoes in her heart with sadness. The demon is attracted to Tamara by overflowing vitality, integrity and spontaneity. This wholeness is determined by the way of life, which excludes absolute freedom, knowledge and doubt. Meeting with the Demon means for Tamara the loss of naturalness and immersion in the field of knowledge. Earthly love is replaced by a powerful, superhuman passion, and whole inner world gives a crack, showing the confrontation between good and evil principles, acting as fidelity to former love and a vague dream (“Everything is a lawless dream / Her heart beat as before”). From now on, contradictions tear apart Tamara's soul and torment her. Tamara, as it were, ate from the tree of knowledge. Since then, the princess has been constantly immersed in thought. Her "heart is inaccessible to pure delights", and "the whole world is dressed in a gloomy shadow." Tamara's soul becomes an arena for the struggle of customs, patriarchal foundations and a new, "sinful" feeling.
Seduced by the Demon, Tamara ceases to perceive nature directly. Burdened by internal struggle (“Tired of the constant struggle ...”), she anticipates her death (“Oh, mercy! What glory? What do you need my soul for?”) And asks the Demon to back down, but his temptations are stronger.
Imbued with deep sympathy for the suffering of the spirit of evil, Tamara answers him with love and sacrifices her life to this love. The soul of the deceased Tamara is still full of doubts, a “trace of misconduct” is imprinted on it, but an angel saves her from the power of the Demon-tempter, washing away the signs of evil from the sinful soul with tears. It turns out that God sent “tests” to Tamara, who, having overcome suffering and sacrificing herself, fell in love with the Demon so that he would turn to good. Therefore, she deserves forgiveness:
With the clothes of the mortal earth
The shackles of evil fell from her.
The evil inclination inspired by the Demon, as it were, changes its nature: having accepted it, the heroine sacrifices herself, thereby protecting the eternal values of the universe created by God.
If the Demon is thrown from above-ground heights to the sinful earth, then in a different everyday and social environment another hero will begin a literary life, who in many ways will resemble a fallen angel and will also turn out to be a demonic personality with the same system of feelings.
Such a person in the novel "A Hero of Our Time" is Grigory Aleksandrovich Pechorin.
In poetry, Lermontov completed the development of Russian romanticism, bringing his artistic ideas to the limit, proving them and exhausting the positive content contained in them. The lyrical work of the poet finally solved the problem of genre thinking, since the main form turned out to be a lyrical monologue, in which the mixing of genres occurred depending on the change in states, feelings, moods of the lyrical "I", expressed by intonations, and was not due to the theme, style or genre. On the contrary, certain genre and style traditions were in demand as a result of the outbreak of certain emotions. Lermontov freely operated with various genres and styles as they were needed for meaningful purposes. This meant that thinking in styles was consolidated in the lyrics and became a fact. From the genre system, Russian lyrics moved to free forms of lyrical expression, in which genre traditions did not fetter the author's feelings, but arose naturally and naturally.
Lermontov's poems also drew a line under the genre of the romantic poem in its main varieties and demonstrated the crisis of this genre, which resulted in the appearance of "ironic" poems, in which other, close to realistic stylistic searches, trends in the development of the theme and organization of the plot are outlined.
Lermontov's prose preceded the "natural school" and anticipated its genre and stylistic features. With the novel A Hero of Our Time, Lermontov paved the way for the Russian philosophical and psychological novel, combining a novel with intrigue and a novel of thought, in the center of which is depicted a person who analyzes and cognizes himself. In prose, according to A. A. Akhmatova, he was ahead of himself by a whole century.
Basic theoretical concepts
- Romanticism, realism, romantic lyrics, romantic "two worlds", lyrical hero, lyrical monologue, elegy, romance, message, lyrical story, civic ode, ballad, idyll, romantic drama, autobiography, symbolism, romantic poem, "escape" (romantic hero), "alienation" (romantic hero), romantic conflict, story cycle, psychological novel, philosophical novel.
Questions and tasks
- What poems by Lermontov have you read?
- Compare Pushkin's "Song of the Prophetic Oleg" and Lermontov's "Song... about the Merchant Kalashnikov". Both works are called songs. Why did the authors use this word to designate the genre?
- What features historical era and folk art takes into account Lermontov in the poem?
- What signs allow us to consider "Mtsyri" a romantic poem? How does Mtsyri differ in its compositional and plot organization from Pushkin's romantic poems? Trace the motif of "escape", "alienation" in the poems of Pushkin and Lermontov.
- What kind of romantic poems does the poem "The Demon" belong to (moral, mystery, ironic, historical)?
- How does the plot of The Demon unfold and what is the main thing in it - events or the spiritual life of the characters?
- Tell us how you understand the romantic conflict of the poem. Why is the Demon cast down and Tamara saved?
- What features of the Demon were reflected in the character of Grigory Aleksandrovich Pechorin?
Summary of the lesson on Russian literature Grade 9.
Topic. “The search for the lost harmony with the world and the struggle between good and evil in the soul of the protagonist of the poem M.Yu. Lermontov "Demon".
Goals. To acquaint students with the plot and ideological and artistic features of the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov "Demon". Follow how the search for the lost harmony and the struggle between good and evil take place in the soul of the main character.
Develop the ability to work with a textbook article, with the text of a work, analyze, draw conclusions, give a monologue answer.
To develop the communicative culture of students, the ability to express their own point of view, to create illustrations for the work.
Contribute to the education of morality, curiosity, responsibility.
Prevent student fatigue. Monitor compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards.
During the classes.
I. Organizing time . The goal is to create a positive attitude. Understanding the topic, setting goals.
Hello. Today we continue our acquaintance with the work of M.Yu. Lermontov and the topic of our lesson “The search for the lost harmony with the world and the struggle between good and evil in the soul of the protagonist of the poem M.Yu. Lermontov "Demon". Read the topic carefully, identify the keywords and ask a question that we will have to answer.
Why is the Demon looking for the lost harmony with the world?
How is the struggle and evil in the soul of the Demon?
Does the Demon manage to find harmony with the world? Why?
vocabulary work . The goal is to explain the meaning of the keyword.
Harmony is agreement, mutual understanding.
II. Preparation for the assimilation of a new topic, activation of students' knowledge.
Let's remember whether M.Yu. Lermontov in harmony with the outside world? name specific traits the personality of the poet.
(Longing, loneliness, disappointment, thirst for love, mutual understanding, pride, anxiety, mockery).
Teacher's word.
M.Yu. Lermontov throughout his life sought to find harmony with the world. This was reflected in his work (remember Lermontov's program poem "I go out alone on the road"). One of Lermontov's contemporaries noted that there was something demonic in the poet. And this is no coincidence. The image of the Demon is Lermontov's favorite image. He has been developing it throughout his life. Questions of life and death, good and evil have always worried the poet.
A poem by A.S. constantly lived in his soul. Pushkin's "Demon", published in the literary almanac "Mnemosyne", in 1824. Pushkin's Demon - the "evil genius" visited him (already in the past), butteacher's catch.poisoned. Pushkin saw him as an enemy and did not try to approach him. Pushkin's wife will answer.
his answer o stopped. And he didn't poison his soul. Pushkin saw him as an enemy and did not try to approach him, to understand him. Lermontov did not let him go just like that. After all, if this is an enemy, then it is special. The poet was worried about the question: Is it only hatred behind such a terrible all-negation? Lermontov thought about how terrible it is to be exiled to the earth, forever, and not to love anything on it. Demon Image became his counterpart, a part of himself.
Building a cluster.
Let's define for ourselves: who is the Demon? What associations does this concept evoke in you?
evil spirit hell fallen angel heaven evil
Devil Demon cunning
power destruction heaven temptation god
Thus, our ideas about the Demon are connected with such concepts as ....
Having become acquainted with the poem, we will compare how M.Yu. presented and developed the image of the Demon. Lermontov.
III . Learning new material.
1. Working with a textbook article.
Let's first get acquainted with the history of the creation of the poem.Task: read the textbook article, fill in the tables.
1829 ……
1837 …....
1838…….
1840……
1842……
1856……
1860……
Folklore motifs (sources).
………. …….. ……
(Legend of the evil spirit Guda). (The legend of Amirani chained to the rock). (History with the Church of the Holy Trinity).
2 . Student responses.
3. Student's report on the origins of the plot. Textbook pp. 121-122.
Biblical myth.
The work "Cain" by D.G. Byron.
Faust Goethe.
Lermontov develops the theme, draws his image of the Demon.
4 . Work with the text of the work. (Implementation of homework).
Describe the Demon, tell about its history.
Where does the Demon live? What does he remember? What are his occupations? Ch 1 (1, 2) pp. 183-184.
How does the Demon relate to nature? Ch1 (3, 4) pp. 184 - 185.
History of the Demon Ch 2 (10) p. 201 "what a bitter yearning ..."
Describe the portrait of the hero Ch 1 (16) p. 193, Ch 2 (16) p. 210.
(There is no direct portrait characterization of the demon in the poem, only separate details are scattered in the text, emphasizing its fantasticness, dissolution in the natural world and highlighting some human features).
Draw a picture to represent the location of the Demon. Use the color palette that the author creates in the poem.
A special color palette of the cosmic background: the blue of eternal ether, the lilac blackness of thunder clouds. The dominant colors are black (20 uses), red (20 uses), blue (20 uses). Blue balances black and red, designating a space where good and evil clash.
5. Students' answers, presentation of creative works.
6. Slideshow presentation.
. Many artists illustrated the work of M.Yu. Lermontov's "Demon", but the most famous are the works of Mikhail Alexandrovich Vrubel. Look how he introduced the Demon
Fizminutka. Stand up, turn your eyes up, stretch and imagine that you are part of a vast universe.
Conversation.
Why is the Demon looking for the lost harmony with the world?
(The demon is rejected by God, doomed to eternal loneliness. Evil entered his soul and began to control it. The demon wants to return harmony, get rid of loneliness).
What feeling can revive the Demon? (Remember Eugene Onegin).
Love is the most natural and harmonious feeling.
The demon falls in love with Tamara, the struggle between good and evil begins. How does this happen? What wins?
Work with the text of the work. Independent work.
Follow how the struggle between evil and good takes place over the course of the following plot events.
The demon sees Tamara. Ch 1 (9) p.188.
"The Demon's Insidious Dream" Ch 1 (11) pp. 189 - 190
The demon consoles Tamara, describes nature. Ch 1 (15) pp. 192 - 193.
How does the Demon affect Tamara? Ch 1 (16) p. 193, Ch 2 (1,2,5, 7).
Does the Demon immediately decide to take Tamara's soul? Ch 2 (9).
Can Tamara bring the demon back to heaven? How does he talk about it? Does he believe in it? Does she think about Tamara at the same time? P2 (10) “O1 listen ...”, “Why, beauty ...” Does Tamara sympathize with him? What does the Demon require?
What is the promise of the Demon, his oath?
What would Tamara's life be like if she stayed with a demon? What does he promise her?
How did the Demon appear before the angel and Tamara? What are his feelings? Why didn't Tamara stay with Demon? Ch 2 (11, 14).
Could the Demon change its existence? What wins in his soul?
Is it possible to find harmony with the world by causing Evil to another?
Essay writing.
We have traced how the struggle between good and evil takes place in the poem. We have to answer one more question: Why does the Demon fail to find harmony with the world?
1-2 works are read out.
IV . Generalization, summarizing. Grading.
Have we achieved our goal? Did you answer the questions at the beginning of the lesson?
V . Homework . Learn by heart the piece you like.
Scientific work on literature on the topic “The struggle between good and evil in the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov “Demon””. Author of the work: Alena Kovbasyuk Supervisor: Atamanova G.A.
Introduction: I chose this theme of the essay because I am very interested in the reflection of the essence of good and evil by the famous poet M.Yu. Lermontov. In the poem "Demon" Lermontov expresses himself in the role of the "fallen angel" himself. He embodies his thoughts and experiences in it. The theme of unhappy love is also present in the poem, as in the life of Lermontov. This tragedy is most clearly expressed in declarations of love. All this makes the poem surprisingly attractive, even for those who do not see the pleasure in reading.
“The sad Demon, the spirit of exile, Flew over the sinful earth...” M. Lermontov
The poem "Demon" can be called the crown of all Lermontov's work. The poet worked on it for ten years, the poem has eight editions. It is based on the biblical myth of a fallen angel who rebelled against God, expelled from paradise for this and turned into an evil spirit. In the poem, Lermontov reflected his tyrannical pathos. God in the poem is the most powerful of all tyrants in the world, and the Demon is the enemy of this tyrant. In the concept of good and evil, Lermontov put a meaning opposite to what they have in traditional Christian morality, where good means obedience to God, and evil means disobedience to him.
But if God is unkind, then the concepts of good and evil change their meaning, acquire a meaning opposite to what they have in traditional Christian morality. The author and his Demon do not deny good, but good for them is something different than for a simple person. According to Christian morality, the feat of virtue is in humility, for Lermontov it is in struggle, and humility and humility are evil. Lermontov shows that not the Demon, but God is the culprit of evil. And the most cruel accusation against the Creator is the earth:
“Where there are only crimes and executions, Where petty passions only live; Where they do not know how to neither hate nor love without fear.”
The demon is punished not only for grumbling. His guilt is worse. God incinerated the soul of the Demon with a terrible curse, making it cold, dead. He not only expelled from paradise, but also devastated his soul. But even this is not enough. The all-powerful despot made the Demon responsible for all evil in the whole world. By the will of God, the Demon “burns with a fatal seal” everything that it touches, it is an instrument of evil. This is the terrible tragedy of the hero Lermontov: “I rushed off - but where? why? I don't know... by former friends I was rejected; Like Eden, the world has become deaf and dumb for me. “
The love that flared up in the soul of the Demon means a rebirth for him. Dancing Tamara revived “his dumb soul desert”: “And again he comprehended the shrine of Love, goodness and beauty! “
Dreams, forgotten feelings woke up in the revived soul. The demon wanted his soul to live, respond to the impressions of life and be able to communicate with another, dear soul, experiencing great human feelings. Feeling love for Tamara, the Demon felt love for all living things, the need to do good, to admire the beauty of the world - everything that God deprived him of: “He admired - and dreams of former happiness with a long chain, As if behind star star Before him rolled then. Feeling anguish for the first time, the Demon cries: Until now, near that cell. A stone burnt through is visible With a tear as hot as a flame, An inhuman tear! .. "
What attracted the Demon to Tamara so much? She is not just a beauty, this would not be enough for love. He sensed in her a soul capable of understanding him. The thought that disturbed Tamara about the fate of the slave was a protest against this fate, and this rebellion was felt in her by the Demon. It was on such a soul, full of pride, that the Demon could impose its seal.
When we read the poem, we believe in the depth of the Demon's feelings for the young beauty Tamara. In love for her, he sees hope for the revival of another, high and pure life: “And he enters, ready to love, With a soul open to goodness, And he thinks that the desired time has come for a new life!” "O! Listen - out of regret! You could return me to goodness and heaven with a word, Dressed in Your love with a holy veil, I would appear there, Like a new angel in a new brilliance ... "
Tamara succumbed to his charms. Tamara's dying cry, her parting with life is the author's warning against the deadly poison of demonism.
On behalf of God, an angel acts in the poem; powerless on earth, he defeats the Demon in heaven. The first meeting with the Angel in Tamara's cell awakens hatred in the "heart full of pride." It is obvious that a sharp and fatal turn is taking place in the Demon's love - now he is fighting for Tamara with God: “Your shrine is no longer here! Here I own and love!” The demon killed Tamara. And even after her death, he pursued her soul and tried to take it away from the angel. But God did not allow evil to triumph. Tamara was now free, and the Demon was again left alone with eternity.
The Demon ends the era of high romanticism, opening up new psychological and philosophical possibilities in the romantic plot. As the brightest work of romanticism, The Demon is built on contrasts: God and Demon, heaven and earth, mortal and eternal, struggle and harmony, freedom and tyranny, earthly love and heavenly love. In the center is a bright, exceptional individuality. But Lermontov does not limit himself to these contrasts typical of romanticism, he fills them with new content. Many romantic antitheses are reversed: gloomy sophistication is inherent in the heavenly, angelic purity and purity - in the earthly. The Demon's conflict is wider than a romantic conflict: first of all, it is a conflict with oneself - internal, psychological.
Conclusion. As a result of all the work done, I realized that the struggle between good and evil in the soul of every person is inevitable and that the victory depends on the person himself. Also, I believe that M.Yu. Lermontov, who devoted ten years to work on the poem, reflected some of his features in the image of the hero: fearlessness of the spirit, the infinity of searching for the meaning of being. Perhaps the tragedy "Demon" is the tragedy of the poet himself, and the demon's confession "I want to make peace with the sky ..." is the confession of the poet himself ...
