What year was the 1st war. The biggest war in the history of mankind is a brief history of the Second World War. The most significant wars
This topic is relevant, despite the sort of peaceful time in our country, since except for open wars, bloody, there are latent, carrying no less lives than during battles with spears, swords, tanks, machine guns, bombs.
So, we will analyze what war were the largest in the number of victims and scales of destruction for the entire history of humanity known to us. Victims in major wars were more than 1 million people.
About a million and a little more victims were in the wars:
War for Independence Biafra (1967-1970), Japanese invasions in Korea (1592-1598), Siege of Jerusalem (73 G.N., Episode of the First Jewish War), Genocide in Rwanda (1994), Korean War (1953), etc.
About 2-3 million victims were in wars: Chuck's conquest (South Africa, 19th century), Koguryo-Susian wars (598-614), Mexican revolution (1910-1920).
Religious wars in France (1568-1598) - more than 4 million people took the lives.
Huguenot Wars, French Religious Wars, which were conducted at the end of the 16th century - in essence, the opposition of Catholics and Protestant-Google.
"Religious or Huguenot Wars - a series of protest civil wars between Catholics and Protestants (Huguenotes), who spread France in the last kings of the Valua dynasty, from 1562 to 1598. At the head of Huguenots, Bourbons were stood (Prince Konde, Heinrich Navarari) and Admiral de Quinti, at the head of Catholics - the Queen-mother of Ekaterina Medici and powerful Giza.
For the course of events in France, her neighbors were trying to influence her neighbors - Elizabeth, English supported Huguenov, and Philippice Spanish - Catholics. The wars ended with Henry Navarre's Catholicism in Catholicism to the French throne and the publication of the compromise Nantes of Edict (1598). "
In the 15th and 6th century, in Europe, religion was not just an invented for seeking eternal, religion was the cause of wars, almost the main, religion divided society on enemies and friends, on his own and strangers, was the essence of the monarchy, the main punitive element of the state, with blessing having San married and executed. As we see reached the point that some struck others just because we had different views on God.
Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815) - more than 3.5 million victims.
"Napoleonic wars - under this title are known, mainly of war, which was conducted by Napoleon I with different states of Europe, when he was the first consul and the emperor (November 1799 - June 1815). In a broader sense, the Italian Campania of Napoleon (1796-1797) and its Egyptian expedition (1798-1799) also belong here, although they (especially the Italian campaign) are usually ranked with the so-called revolutionary wars. "
Napoleon created the first French empire, which existed from 1804 to 1815. Becoming, as a result of the coup of 18 Brother (November 9, 1799), the first consul of France, Napoleon went to the attack in order to conquer all Europe, the plans were Italy, Austria, Germany, Prussia, etc.
Only according to the official data of the battle in the warring countries, 2.2-3.6 million soldiers and civilians took their lives. Some historians even increase these numbers twice. Failure to failure in the Spanish-Portuguese War, defeat in the war with Russia (1812) - and the Empire of Napoleon began to give cracks.
The war of 1812 only in Russian art is displayed in the pictures, in world works, such as "War and Peace" of L. Tolstoy, and Napoleon's War - became the subject for inspiration, as it would not sound cynically, for many creators around the world.
By the number of victims, Napoleonic wars are considered one of the most large and bloody.
Second Congolese War - 5.4 million sacrifices
« The second Congolese War (Fr. Deuxième Guerre Du Congo) is also known as the Great African War (1998-2002) - the war on the territory of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, in which more than twenty armed groups participated in nine states.
By 2008, 5.4 million people died as a result of war, mainly from disease and hunger, which makes this war one of the most bloody in world history and the most deadly conflict since the Second World War. "
The beginning of the conflict, many historians see the genocide in Rwanda, then the refugees of Tutsi moved to Zaire, then, after coming to power in Rwanda Rwandan Patriotic Front, and part of the refugees Hutu rushed to seek refuge in Zaire, and in connection with the territory of the former Republic of Congo (now Zaire ) War unfinished in Rwanda unfold. Radical-Hutu began to use Zaire as a rear for attacks on Rwanda.
Chinese Civil War (1927-1950) - 8 million sacrifices
"Civil War in China (Kit. Trad.國 共 内戰, UPR.国 共 内战, Pinhin: GUOGÒNG NEìZHÀN, PALL.: Gogun Naizhan, literally: "The inner war between the Homintan and the Community") is a series of armed conflicts in China between the forces of the Republic of China and the Chinese Communists in 1927 - 1950 (with interruptions).
The war began in 1927 after the northern goal, when, by decision of the right wing of the Homintan, headed by Chan Kaisi was broken by the Union between the Khomintan and PDA. "
The war, which lasted 23 years old, and killed millions of lives ... periods, such as in 1936, when China was united in the fight against Japanese invaders - the battle was weakened, however, after the end of events, for whom was a cohesion - again began with a new force again.
The war lasted until 1950, in 1949 in Beijing was proclaimed the formation of the People's Republic of China, in May 1951, by signing the contract on the peaceful completion of the conflict, the last captured stronghold was released - Tibet.
Thirty-year war - 11.5 million dead
"The thirty-year war is a military conflict for hegemony in the Sacred Roman Empire and Europe, which lasted from 1618 to 1648 and touched almost all European countries to one extent.
The war began as a religious clash between Protestants and the Catholics of the Empire, but then turned into a fight against the domination of Habsburgs in Europe. The conflict became the last major religious war in Europe and gave rise to a Westphalian system of international relations. "
This war touched on all the segments of the population - as the story says, the most affected country is Germany, more than 5 million people died there, the destruction of economic, productive system occurred, only a century of the country's population began to recover. Sweden and Germany fought.
Civil War in Russia (1917-1922) - 12 million dead (taking into account the accompanying losses - more than 25 billion people)
"Civil War in Russia (October 25 (November 7), 1917 - October 25, 1922/16, 1923) - a number of armed conflicts between various political, ethnic, social groups and state formations on the territory of the former Russian Empire, followed by the arrival of the Bolsheviks As a result of the October 1917 revolution. "
The civil war of "Red" and "White" became the natural outcome of the revolution of 1904-1907, also the First World War, ended with the victory of the Bolsheviks.
Perhaps this is one of the most cruel and remembering wars for the Russian people not only in the 20th century, but in general, in the whole story, because the war did not go with external, foreign enemies, and with the Russian ... The population of the Motherland shared on two camps and " interrupted "their own.
The horrors of that epoch are described in a variety of literary works, captured on rare photos, a lot of legendary films based on works and that war, the ruthlessness of their own compatriots, blinded by the idea, is amazing. The bodies shot by the trucks were held from the base of the Chekists in the burial site. One of the works forbidden at the time - the story of the Zzbinna "Shcherk" brightly tells about the revolution - "Beautiful and cruel mistress, unwillingly, Skupor, harshly imposing her order of life, clearing the path of the corpses ... By the way, the author himself - Vladimir Zzabrin - was shot In 1937, for belonging to a sabotage-terrorist organization of the right. The novel was first published only in 1989.
Won "Red" - Bolsheviks. The confrontation between "red" and "white" turned into a bloody slaughter, a characteristic feature of the civil war was that the enemy sides sought their exclusively violent measures.
Historians explain this situation by the fact that
"Social and class confrontation that has reached the Civil War stage divides society on" their "and" strangers ", on" we "and" they ". Enemies and opponents are generally removed at such moments from the sphere of morality, perceive as "nonhumids", on which the universal norms do not distribute. It is this that creates the ability to turn an immoral terror into terror morally justified ... "
While the unfinished war, Russia was crushed.
"From the former Russian Empire, the territories of Poland, Finland, Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Western Ukraine, Belarus, Kara region (in Armenia) and Bessarabia are departed. According to the calculations of specialists, the population in the remaining territories barely reached up to 135 million people.
Losses in these territories as a result of wars, epidemics, emigration, fertility reductions amounted to at least 25 million people from 1914. "
Fell the level of production, plants, factories were destroyed, the country was swallowed by chaos, poverty and emptying.
The number of street children amounted to 4.5 to 7 million people.
"The First World War (July 28, 1914 - November 11, 1918) is one of the most large-scale armed conflicts in the history of mankind."
The so-called "Sarajevsky Murder" has already become the actual beginning of the already breeding conflict, on June 28, 1914, when the young Serbian terrorist was killed by Ertzgelce Austrian Franz Ferdinand, who advocated the creation of national autonomy in Austria-Hungary.
"As a result of a military conflict, four empires ceased to exist: the Russian, Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman and German (although the Weimar Republic who arose instead of Kaiser Germany continued to be referred to the German Empire). The participating countries have lost more than 10 million soldiers and about 12 million civilians, about 55 million people were injured. "
Participants of the war were:
Four Union: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria.
Entente: Russia, France, United Kingdom.
The Allies of the Entente (supported the Entente in War): USA, Japan, Serbia, Italy (participated in the war on the side of the Entente since 1915, despite the fact that he was a member of the Thieves Union), Montenegro, Belgium, Egypt, Portugal, Romania, Greece, Brazil, China, Cuba, Nicaragua, Siam, Haiti, Liberia, Panama, Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, Bolivia, Dominican Republic, Peru, Uruguay, Ecuador.
In 1919, Germany was forced to sign the Versaili Treaty on the peaceful completion of the conflict with the countries winners.
According to the result, Germany lost more, in Russia the First World War led to revolutions, civil war, for all participants - to the elimination of several empires. For Germany, the same defeat in this war led to the collapse of the monarchy, the weakening of economic and territorial positions, the subsequent humiliation led to the fact that the Nazis who unleashed the second world war was reached by the authorities.
Any war is always not just a conflict, this is the reason for something and the consequence of something often another war.
The conquest of Tamerlane (W.Pole 14th century) - 20 million dead
Dungan uprising (19th century) - 20.5 million sacrifices
Conquest of the Dynasty of Qing Dynasty Min - 25 million dead
Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945) - 30 million sacrifices
Taipinov's uprising (1850-1864, China) - 30 million victims
Ann Rushang uprising (755-763, China) - 36 million victims
Mongolian conquests (13th century) - 70 million dead
There is information that, as a result of the conquest of North and South America (for several centuries), over 138 million people died.
During the development of the territory of Northern and South America, that is, from the period of 1491 to 1691, although actually the development began in the 10th century - for all this time, more than one hundred million people were killed in battles with colonizers and indigenous people.
World War II (1939 - 1945) - 85 million dead
"The Second World War (September 1, 1939 [- September 2, 1945) is the war of two world military-political coalitions, which has become the largest armed conflict in the history of mankind.
62 states from 73 existing at that time (80% of the globe of the globe) participated in it. The fighting was carried out on the territory of three continents and in the waters of the four oceans. This is the only conflict in which nuclear weapons were applied. "
World War II and in the number of victims and in the number of participants' countries, the scale of destruction has become one of the largest global battles in the history of mankind. 72 states participated in it, which is 80% of the world's population, military actions were conducted in 40 states. Human losses are at least 65 million people. Military losses incurred tremendous, expenses.
After the war weakened the role of Western Europe, the main in the world was the USSR and the USA. Nazi and fascist ideologies were recognized as criminal and prohibited in the Nuremberg process.
And although more than 70 years have passed since the end of the battle - many Russians know that the Second World War and the Great Patriotic War.
Perhaps, no military battle is devoted to so many creations of art - literary works, cinema masterpieces, etc. The mass of pictures of victims of Nazi camps, battles, fragments of war, soldiers, the Nazis themselves preserved.
Many documentation and horror testimony have been preserved about the inhuman, cruel experiments of the fascists over the prisoners, about gas chambers and tons of victims, about dozens of thousands of healthy babies, who gave birth to Russian women who were recessed in a bucket for leaving German wardens, about the ruined Jews during Holocaust ...
The content of the article
WAR,armed struggle between major groups / communities of people (states, tribes, parties); Regulated by laws and customs - a set of principles and norms of international law that establish the responsibilities of warring parties (ensuring the protection of civilians, regulation of attitudes towards prisoners of war, ban on the use of particularly inhuman weapons).
Wars in the history of mankind.
War is a constant companion of human history. Up to 95% of all societies known to us were resorted to it to resolve external or internal conflicts. According to the calculations of scientists, over the past fifty-six centuries occurred. 14 500 wars in which more than 3.5 billion people died.
According to an extremely common in antiquity, the Middle Ages and the New Time (J.-Zh.russo), the primitive times were the only peaceful period of history, and a primitive person (uncivilized savage) - a creature deprived of any vehicle and aggressiveness. However, the newest archaeological studies of prehistoric parking in Europe, North America and North Africa show that armed clashes (obviously between individuals) took place in the Neanderthal era. Ethnographic study of modern tribes of hunters and collectors shows that in most cases attacks on neighbors, violent seizure of property and women are the harsh reality of their lives (Zulus, Dagomeys, North American Indians, Eskimos, New Guinea tribes).
The first types of weapons (batons, spears) were used by primitive man from 35 thousand BC, but the earliest cases of group combat dating from 12 thousand BC. - Only from this time you can talk about war.
The birth of war in the primitive era was associated with the emergence of new types of weapons (onions, prach), first allowed to fight at the distance; From now on, the physical strength of the fighting no longer had an exceptional significance, the dexterity and skill began to play a major role. There were primitives of the battle (coverage with the flank). The war was strongly ritualized (numerous taboos and prohibitions), which limited its duration and loss.
An essential factor in the evolution of the war was the domestication of animals: the use of horses gave nomads the advantage over sedentary tribes. The need for protection against their sudden raids led to the appearance of fortification; The first well-known fact is the fortest walls of Jericho (approx. 8 thousand BC). Gradually increased the number of wars participants. However, among scientists there is no unanimity about the number of prehistoric "armies": the numbers vary from a dozen to several hundred warriors.
The emergence of states contributed to the progress of a military organization. The growth in the performance of agricultural production allowed the elite of ancient societies to accumulate in their hands the funds that gave the opportunity to increase the size of armies and increase their battle qualities; Much more time began to be given to the training of warriors; The first professional military connections appeared. If the Army of Sumerian City-states was small peasant militias, then later ancient anti-monarchies (China, Egypt of the new kingdom) had already relatively large and sufficiently disciplined military forces.
The main component of the Ancient Ancient and Antique Army was infantry: initially acting on the battlefield as a chaotic crowd, she later turned into an extremely organized combat unit (Macedonian phalanx, Roman legion). Other "kind of troops" acquired in different periods, such as combat chariots, which played a considerable role in the conquest campaigns of Assyrians. The importance and military fleets increased, primarily at the Phoenicians, Greeks and Carthaginians; The first world-famous marine battle occurred approx. 1210 BC between hitts and Cypriots. The function of the cavalry was usually reduced to auxiliary or intelligence. Progress was observed in the sphere of weapons - new materials are used, new types of weapons are invented. Bronze provided victories of the Egyptian army of the era of the new kingdom, and the iron contributed to the creation of the first Ancient Empire - the Novoassium State. In addition to Luke, arrows and spears, the sword gradually came into use, sequir, dagger, dart. There were siege tools, the development and use of which reached a peak in the Hellenistic period (catapults, tarana, siege towers). Wars have acquired a significant scope, involving a large number of states in his orbit (the war of the Diarathes, etc.). The most major armed conflicts of antiquity were the wars of the New Policy Kingdom (the second half of 8-7 century), Greco-Persian wars (500-449 BC), Peloponess War (431-404 BC), conquest Alexander Macedon (334-323 BC. Er) and Punic Wars (264-146 BC).
In the Middle Ages, the infantry has gone to the cavalry championship, which contributed to the invention of the stirrer (8th century). The central figure on the battlefield was a heavy knight. The scale of the war compared to the ancient epoch was reduced: it turned into an expensive and elite occupation, in the prerogative of the dominant class and acquired a professional character (the future knight passed long training). Small detachments participated in the battles (from several tens to several hundred knights with squires); Only at the end of the classic medieval (14-15 centuries) with the emergence of centralized states the number of armies increased; The infant importance increased again (it was the archers who provided the success of the British in the Century War). Military actions on the sea were minor. But the role of castles has increased extremely increased; Siege has become the main element of the war. The largest large-scale wars of this period were reconquicist (718-1492), crusades and a centenary war (1337-1453).
The turning point in military history was distributed from the middle of the 15th century. in Europe powder and firearms (arkebuses, guns) (); The first case of their use is the battle of Azenkur (1415). From now on, the level of military equipment and, accordingly, the military industry has become an unconditional determinant of the outcome of the war. In later, the Middle Ages (16 is the first half of the 17th century) the technological advantage of Europeans allowed them to deploy expansion outside their continent (colonial seizures) and at the same time put an end to the invasions of the nomadic tribes from the east .. the importance of the marine war. Disciplined regular infantry displaced the knightly cavalry (see the role of Spanish infantry in the wars of 16 century). The largest armed conflicts of 16-17 centuries. There were Italian Wars (1494-1559) and the thirty-year war (1618-1648).
In subsequent centuries, the nature of the war has undergone rapid and indigenous changes. Unusually quickly progressed military equipment (from the Musket 17 century to nuclear submarines and supersonic fighters of the 21st century.). New weapons (rocket systems, etc.) strengthened the remote nature of the military confrontation. The war became more and more massive: the Institute of Recruit Recruitment and replaced it in 19 V. The Institute of Universal Military Meetility made the armies are truly common (in the 1st World War I participated in more than 70 million people, in the 2nd - over 110 million), on the other hand, all society (female and child labor at military enterprises are already involved in the war. In the USSR and the United States during the 2nd World War). An unprecedented scale has achieved human losses: if 17 in. They accounted for 3.3 million, in the 18th century. - 5.4 million, in the 19th - early 20 century. - 5.7 million, then in the 1st World War - more than 9 million, and in the 2nd World War - more than 50 million wars were accompanied by the grandiose destruction of material wealth and cultural values.
By the end of the 20th century. The dominant form of armed conflicts became "asymmetric wars", which are distinguished by a sharp inequality of opportunities of warring parties. In a nuclear era, such wars pay a huge danger, as we encourage the weak side to violate all the established laws of war and resort to different forms of intimidation tactics up to large-scale terrorist acts (tragedy on September 11, 2001 in New York).
The change in the nature of war and the intensive arms race gave rise to the first half of the 20th century. A powerful anti-war tendency (J.zhores, A. Barbus, M.Galdi, projects of universal disarmament in the League of Nations), which has become particularly intensified with after the creation of weapons of mass lesion, who has encouraging the very existence of human civilization. The leading role in the preservation of the world began to play the UN, who proclaimed his task "to save future generations from the disasters of war"; In 1974, the UN General Assembly qualified military aggression as an international crime. In the Constitution of some countries included articles on unconditional refusal of the war (Japan) or prohibiting the creation of an army (Costa Rica).
The Constitution of the Russian Federation does not provide any state authority to declare war; The president has only the right to introduce a martial law in the event of aggression or threat of aggression (defensive war).
Types of wars.
The basis of the classification of wars is a variety of criteria. Based goalsthey are divided into robbers (raids of Pechenegs and Polovtsy on Russia in the 9th - early 13th century), conquering (wars Kira II 550-529 BC), Colonial (Franco-Chinese War 1883-1885), Religious (Hugugenic Wars in France 1562-1598), dynastic (War for Spanish inheritance 1701-1714), trade (opium wars 1840-1842 and 1856-1860), national liberation (Algerian war 1954-1962), patriotic (Patriotic War 1812), Revolutionary (France Wars with the European Coalition 1792-1795).
By spot of military actions and the number of forces involved andwars are divided into local (under limited territory and small forces) and large-scale. The first includes, for example, war between the ancient Greek policies; To the second - hiking Alexander Macedonsky, Napoleonic Wars, etc.
By the nature of the opposing parties distinguish civil and external wars. The first, in turn, are divided into the tops, leading by fractions inside the elite (war of scarlet and white rose 1455-1485) (Lancaster), and interclative - wars of slaves against the dominant class (Spartak War 74-71 BC), peasants (great The peasant war in Germany is 1524-1525), citizens / bourgeoisie (civil war in England 1639-1652), social bases in general (civil war in Russia 1918-1922). External wars are divided into wars between the states (English-Dutch wars of the 17th century), between states and tribes (Galli wars Caesar 58-51 BC), between coalitions of states (seven-year war 1756-1763), between metropolises and colonies (Indochinese war 1945-1954), world wars (1914-1918 and 1939-1945).
In addition, wars are distinguished by ways of keeping- offensive and defensive, regular and partisan (goerilla) - and location: Land, sea, air, coastal, fortress and field, which can also add the arctic, mountainous, city, wars in the desert, war in the jungle.
As the principle of classification takes and moral criterion - Fair and unfair wars. Under the "Fair War" is understood as a war, which is the sake of protection of order and law and, ultimately, the world. Its mandatory conditions - it should have a fair reason; It should be started only when all civilians are exhausted; She should not go beyond the achievement of the main task; It should not suffer from the civilian population. The idea of \u200b\u200bthe "Fair War", ascending to the Old Testament, Antique Philosophy and St. Augustine, received theoretical design in 12-13 centuries. In the works of Grazian, dechatalists and Foma Aquinas. In later, the Middle Ages, its development continued non-cholas, M. Meruter and Grozia. She again acquired the relevance of the 20th century, especially in connection with the emergence of weapons of mass destruction and the problem of "humanitarian military actions", designed to stop genocide in a particular country.
Theories of origin of wars.
At all times, people tried to comprehend the phenomenon of war, to identify her nature, give it a moral assessment, develop methods for its most efficient use (theory of military art) and find ways to restrict it or even eradication. The most debate was and continues to be the question of the reasons for the emergence of wars: why do they happen if most people do not want them? It gives a wide variety of answers.
Theological interpretationhaving old-plating roots is based on the understanding of the war as the warren of the will of God (gods). Her supporters see in war or the method of approving the true religion and the remuneration of pious (the conquest of the Jews of the Promised Land, the victorious campaigns of the Arabs who adopted Islam), or the means of punishment of the wicked (the destruction by the Assyrians of the Israeli kingdom, the defeat of the Roman Empire's barbarians).
Specifically historical approachAscending to antiquity (Herodotus), binds the origin of wars only with their local historical context and eliminates the search for any universal reasons. At the same time, the role of political leaders and solutions rationally accepted solutions is inevitably emphasized. Often the emergence of the war is perceived as a result of a random coincidence.
Influential positions in the tradition of research of the phenomenon war occupies psychological school. Even in ancient times, the conviction (Fuchidid) dominated that the war is a consequence of the bad human nature, a congenital tendency to "doing" chaos and evil. Nowadays, this idea was used by Z. Freud when creating the theory of psychoanalysis: he argued that a person could not exist if the need for him inherent in self-destruction (death instinct) was not directed to external objects, including other individuals, other ethnic groups , other confessional groups. Followers Z. Freud (L.L. Barnard) considered the war as a manifestation of mass psychosis, which is the result of the suppression by the society of human instincts. A number of modern psychologists (E.F.M.Darben, J. Baleby) revised the Freudy theory of sublimation in the gender sense: a tendency to aggression and violence - the property of male nature; Published in peaceful conditions, it finds the necessary output on the battlefield. Their hope for the deliverance of mankind from the war is associated with the transition of control levers in the hands of women and with approval in the society of feminine values. Other psychologists interpret aggressiveness not as an integral line of male psyche, but as a result of her violation, leading to an example of politicians, obsessed mania of war (Napoleon, Hitler, Mussolini); They believe that for the occurrence of the Epoch of the Universal Peace, a fairly effective system of civil control, which closes the madness access to power.
The special branch of the psychological school, founded by K. Lorenz, relies on evolutionary sociology. Its adherents consider the war an expired form of animal behavior, primarily the expression of the rivalry of males and their struggle for the possession of a certain territory. They emphasize, however, that although the war and had a natural origin, technological progress has strengthened its destructive nature and brought it to the level incredible for the animal of the world, when the very existence of humanity as a species is under threat.
Anthropological school (E. Monteghu and others) strongly rejects a psychological approach. Social anthropologists prove that the inclination to aggression is not inherited (genetically), but is formed in the process of education, that is, reflects the cultural experience of a particular social environment, its religious and ideological installations. From their point of view, there is no connection between different historical forms of violence, for each of them has been generated by its specific social context.
Political approachit is repelled from the formula of the German military theorist K. Clausevitz (1780-1831), which determined the war as "continuing policies by other means." His numerous adherents, starting with L.ranka, bring the origin of wars from international disputes and a diplomatic game.
The branch of the political school is geopolitical directionRepresentatives of which see the main cause of wars in the lack of "living space" (K. Hushefer, J. Kiffer), in the desire of states to expand its borders to natural frontiers (rivers, mountain ranges, etc.).
Rising English Economy T.r. Maltusus (1766-1834) demographic theory Considers the war as the result of the balance of the balance between the population and the number of means of existence and as a functional means of its restoration by destroying demographic surplus. Neomalusians (U.Pogt et al.) It is believed that the war is immanent to human society and is the main engine of social progress.
The most popular war phenomenon remains in the interpretation sociological approach. In contrast to the followers of K. Clausevitz, his supporters (E.Ker, H.-U. Veler, etc.) consider the war by the product of the internal social conditions and the social structure of the warring countries. Many sociologists are trying to develop a universal typology of wars, formalize them, taking into account all the factors affecting them (economic, demographic, etc.), simulate the trouble-free mechanisms of their prevention. A sociostatic analysis of wars proposed in the 1920s is actively used. L.F. Rychardson; Currently, numerous prognostic models of armed conflict (P. Brek, participants of the Military Project, the Uppsal Research Group) have been created.
Popular among international relations specialists (D. Bleyni et al.) information theoryexplains the emergence of wars with a lack of information. According to her adherents, the war is the result of a mutual decision - the decision of one party about the attack and solving another of resistance; The losing side always turns out to be that inadequately assesses its capabilities and the possibilities of the other side - otherwise, it would or refuse to aggression, or capitulate to avoid in vain human and material losses. Consequently, the knowledge of the enemy's intentions and his ability to lead the war (effective intelligence) is crucial.
Cosmopolitan theory Binds the origin of the war with the antagonism of national and supranational, universal, interests (N. Endhel, S. Strechi, J. Dewey). It is used mainly to explain armed conflicts in the Epoch of Globalization.
Supporters economic interpretation They consider war to be a consequence of the rivalry of states in the field of international economic relations, anarchic in nature. The war is beginning to receive new markets for sales, cheap labor, sources of raw materials and energy. This position is divided, as a rule, scientists left-handed. They argue that the war is the interests of the proying layers, and all of its burden falls into the share of disadvantaged groups of the population.
Economic interpretation is an element marxist approachwhich interprets any war as a derivative of the Class War. From the point of view of Marxism, the war is conducted for strengthening the authorities of the dominant classes and for the sake of splitting the global proletariat by appeal to religious or nationalist ideals. Marxists claim that the war is the inevitable result of the free market and the system of class inequality and that they are nothing in non-existence after the world revolution.
Ivan Krivushin
ATTACHMENT
Basic Wars in History
28 V. BC. - Faracon hiking Snofer in Nubia, Libya and Sinai
con. 24 - 1st floor. 23 V. BC. - Wars of Sargon Ancient with the states of Sumer
ambassador Third 23 V. BC. - Wars Naram-Suena with Ebla, Subartu, Elam and Lullouble
1st floor. 22 V. BC. - conquest of mesopotamia
2003 BC - the invasion of Elamites in Mesopotamia
con. 19 - Nach. 18 V. BC. - Camping Shamshi-Adand i in Syria and Mesopotamia
1st floor. 18 V. BC. - Hammurapi wars in Mesopotamia
oK. 1742 BC - Invasion of Cassites in Babylonia
oK. 1675 BC - conquest Hiksos Egypt
oK. 1595 BC - Hittite campaign in Babylonia
con. 16 - con. 15 V. BC. - Egyptian-Mitran Wars
nach 15 - Ser. 14th century BC. - Hetto-Mitran wars
ser. 15 V. BC. - Creation of Crete Ahaeis
ser. 14th century BC. - Wars of the Cassight Babylon with Arraphu, Elam, Assyria and Aramaic tribes; Conquest of Hitts of Malaya Asia
1286-1270 BC. - Wars Ramses II with Hitts
2nd floor. 13 V. BC. - Camping Tukult-Ninurta I in Babylonia, Syria and Transcaucasia
1240-1230 BC. - Trojan War
nach 12 V. BC. - Conquest of the Israelis Palestine
1180s. BC. - the invasion of the "Peoples of the Sea" on the Eastern Mediterranean
2nd four. XII century BC. - Camping Elamites in Babylonia
con. 12 - NCH. 11 V. BC. - Togwtpalasar I hiking in Syria, Fihood and Babylonia
11 V. BC. - conquest of Greece by Dorians
883-824 BC. - Wars Ashurnacillapala II and Salmanasar III with Babylon, Urartu, States of Syria and Phenicia
con. 8 - beginning 7th century BC. - invasion of Kimmerians and Scythians to the front Asia
743-624 BC - conquest of the Novoassyrian kingdom
722-481 BC - Wars of the Spring and Autumn Period in China
623-629 BC - Assiro-Babylonian Midi War
607-574 BC - Hiking Nebuchadnezzar II in Syria and Palestine
553-530 BC - Creation of Kira II
525 BC - conquest of Egypt's Persians
522-520 BC. - Civil War in Persia
514 BC - Scythian hike Darius I
nach 6 c. - 265 BC - conquest of Rome Italy
500-449 BC - Greek-Persian Wars
480-307 BC - Greek-Carthage (Sicilian) Wars
475-221 BC. - The period of "warring kingdoms" in China
460-454 BC - the liberation war of Inar in Egypt
431-404 BC - Peloponnesian War
395-387 BC - Corinthian War
334-324 BC. - conquest Alexander Macedon
323-281 BC - Wars Diarathov
274-200 BC - Siro Egyptian Wars
264-146 BC - Punish wars
215-168 BC - Roman-Macedonian Wars
89-63 BC. - Mithridates of war
83-31 BC - Civil wars in Rome
74-71 BC - War of slaves under the leadership of Spartacus
58-50 BC - Gallic wars Julia Caesar
53 BC - 217 AD - Roman-Parthian Wars
66-70 - Jewish War
220-265 - War of three kingdoms in China
291-306 - War of eight princes in China
375-571 - Great Migration of Peoples
533-555 - Conquest of Justinian I
502-628 - Irano-Byzantine Wars
633-714 - Arab conquest
718-1492 - Reconquista
769-811 - Wars Karl Great
1066 - the conquest of England by Normans
1096-1270 - Crusades
1207-1276 - Mongolian conquest
end of XIII - Ser. XVI in. - Ottoman conquest
1337-1453 - Tsvetty War
1455-1485 - War of Aloi and White Roses
1467-1603 - Internecine Wars in Japan (Epoch Sengoku)
1487-1569 - Russian-Lithuanian Wars
1494-1559 - Italian Wars
1496-1809 - Russian-Swedish War
1519-1553 (1697) - Spanish conquest of Central and South America
1524-1525 - Great Peasant War in Germany
1546-1552 - Schmalkaldense Wars
1562-1598 - Religious Wars in France
1569-1668 - Russian-Polish Wars
1618-1648 - Thirty-year war
1639-1652 - Civil War in England (War of Three Kingdoms)
1655-1721 - Northern Wars
1676-1878 - Russian-Turkish Wars
1701-1714 - War for Spanish Inheritance
1740-1748 - War for Austrian Inheritance
1756-1763 - Seven-Year War
1775-1783 - War for US Independence
1792-1799 - Revolutionary Wars of France
1799-1815 - Napoleonic Wars
1810-1826 - War for the independence of Spanish colonies in America
1853-1856 - Crimean War
1861-1865 - Civil War in the USA
1866 - Austro-Prussian War
1870-1871 - Franco-Prussian War
1899-1902 - Anglo-Board War
1904-1905 - Russian-Japanese War
1912-1913 - Balkan Wars
1914-1918 - 1 World War
1918-1922 - Civil War in Russia
1937-1945 - Japanese War
1936-1939 - Civil War in Spain
1939-1945 - World War II
1945-1949 - Civil War in China
1946-1975 - Indochian Wars
1948-1973 - Arab-Israeli Wars
1950-1953 - Korean War
1980-1988 - Iranian Iraqi War
1990-1991 - 1st War in the Persian Gulf ("Storm in the Desert")
1991-2001 - Yugoslav Wars
1978-2002 - Afghan Wars
2003 - 2 War in the Persian Gulf
Literature:
FULLER J.F.C. The Conduct of War, 1789-1961: A Study of Impact Of The French, Industrial, and Russian Revolution on War and Its Conduct.NEW YORK, 1992
Military encyclopedia: 8 tt. M., 1994.
Asprey R.B. War in the Shadows. The Guerilla in History.NEW YORK, 1994
ROPP T. War in the Modern World.Baltimore (MD.), 2000
Bradford A.S. With Arrow, Sword, and Spear: A History of Warfare in the Ancient World. Westport (Conn.), 2001
Nicholson H. Medieval Warfare.NEW YORK, 2004
Leblanc S.A., Register K.E. Constant Battles: The Myth of the Peaceful, Noble Savage. NEW YORK, 2004
Otterbein k.f. How War Began.. College Station (Tex.), 2004
In the history of mankind, various wars occupy a huge place.
They rebailed cards, gave birth to empires, roete the peoples and nation. The Earth remembers the war, which lasted more than a century. We remember the most protracted military conflicts in the history of mankind.
1. War without shots (335 Summer)
The longest and most curious wars - the war between the Netherlands and the Silly archipelago, which is part of the UK.
Due to the lack of a peaceful contract, it formally lasted 335 years without a single shot, which makes it one of the longest and curious wars in history, and even the war with the least losses.
Officially, the world was announced in 1986.
2. Punich War (118 years)
By the middle of the III century BC. The Romans almost completely subjugated Italy, swung onto all the Mediterranean and the first wanted Sicily. But mighty carphagen claimed this rich island.
Their claims unleashed 3 wars, which stretched (with interruptions) from 264 to 146. BC. And they got a name from the Latin name of the Finiquity-Carthaginian (Punov).
The first (264-241) - 23 years (began just because of Sicily).
The second (218-201) - 17 years (after taking the Hannibal of the Spanish city of Sagunti).
Last (149-146) - 3 years.
It was then that the famous phrase "Carthage must be destroyed!". Pure military actions occupied 43 years. Conflict in aggregate - 118 years old.
Results: precipitated Carthagen fell. Rome - won.
3. Centenary War (116 years old)
Went to 4 stages. With pauses on the truce (the most long - 10 years) and the fight against the plague (1348) from 1337 to 1453.
Opponents: England and France.
Causes: France wanted to oust England from the southwestern land of Aquitaine and complete the association of the country. England - to strengthen the influence in the province of Geni and return the landless - Normandy, John, Anju. Complication: Flanders - Formally, was under the auspices of the French crown, on the fact it was free, but depended on the Sucpiests from English wool.
Reason: The claims of the English king Edward III from the Dynasty of Platagenets-Anzhui (the grandson on the maternal line of the French king Philip IV beautiful from the kind of capeting) to the Gallic throne. Allies: England - German Feudals and Flanders. France - Scotland and Pope. Army: English - hired. Under the king team. The basis is infantry (archers) and knightly detachments. French - knightly militia, under the leadership of royal vassals.
Fracture: after the execution of Zhanna d'Ark in 1431 and the Battle of Normani began the national liberation war of the French people with tactics of partisan raids.
Results: October 19, 1453 The British army capitulated in Bordeaux. Losing on the continent everything except the port of Kale (remained English for another 100 years). France moved to a regular army, refused to Knight's cavalry, preferred infantry, the first firearms appeared.
4. Greco-Persian War (50 years)
Cupped war. Stretched with clutches from 499 to 449. BC. They are divided into two (first - 492-490, the second - 480-479) or three (first - 492, the second - 490, the third - 480-479 (449). For the Greek Policy-states - the battle for independence. For the empire of the Aheminids - Congrators. 
Trigger: Ionian uprising. The fight of Spartans in Fermopilah entered the legends. The turning point was the battle of Salamin. Point put "Calliev Mir".
Results: Persia lost the Aegean Sea, coasting Gellespont and Bosphorus. Recognized freedom of the cities of Malaya Asia. The civilization of the ancient Greeks entered the time of the highest prosperity, laying the culture for which the Millennium after the Millennium was equal to the world.
4. Punich war. Battles lasted 43 years. They are divided into three stages of wars between Rome and Carthage. They fought for overlooking the Mediterranean. The battle defeated the Romans. Basetop.ru.
5. Guatemalan War (36 years)
Civilian. Proceeded outbreaks from 1960 to 1996. A provocative decision made by the American President Eisenhower in 1954 initiated a coup.
Reason: Fighting "Communist Indication".
Opponents: Block "Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity" and military junta.
Victims: almost 6 thousand murders were committed annually, only in the 80s - 669 mass massacres, more than 200 thousand dead (83% of them - Maya Indians), over 150 thousand disappeared. Results: Signing a "contract of solid and long-lasting world", which defended the rights of 23 groups of indigenous Americans.
Results: Signing a "contract of solid and long-lasting world", which defended the rights of 23 groups of indigenous Americans.
6. War of Aloi and White Rose (33 years)
The opposition of the English nobility - supporters of the two birth branches of the Platagenets dynasty - Lancaster and Yorks. Stretched from 1455 to 1485.
Prerequisites: "Ceing feudalism" - the privilege of the English nobility to spill off the military service at Señora, in whose hands the big funds were focused, which he paid the army of mercenaries, which became more powerful royal.
Cause: The defeat of England in the central war, the impoverishment of the feudalists, their rejection of the political course of the spouse of the Henry King of Henry IV, hatred for its favorites.
Opposition: Duke Richard Yorksky - considered the right to the power of Lancaster of illegitimate, became a regent with an incompetent monarch, in the 1483rd king, killed in the battle of Bosworth.
Results: violated the equilibrium of political forces in Europe. Led to the collapse of planages. Earls to the throne of Wales Tyudors, which ruled England of 117 years. It cost the lives of hundreds of English aristocrats.
7. Thirty-year war (30 years old)
The first military conflict of the pan-European scale. Lasted from 1618 to 1648. Opponents: two coalitions. The first is the Union of the Sacred Roman Empire (in fact - Austrian) with Spain and the Catholic principalities of Germany. The second is German states where the power was in the hands of Princess Protestants. They were supported by the Army of Reformed Sweden and Denmark and Catholic France.
Reason: The Catholic League was afraid of the spread of the ideas of the Reformation in Europe, Protestant Evangelical Eania - to this sought.
Trigger: the uprising of Czech Protestants against Austrian domination.
Results: The population of Germany decreased by a third. France's army lost 80 thousand Austria and Spain - more than 120-and. After the Munster Peace Treaty in 1648 on the map of Europe, a new independent state was finally entrenched - the Republic of United Netherlands (Holland).
8. Peloponess War (27 years)
There are two of them. The first is Malaya Peloponess (460-445 BC. E.). The second (431-404th BC) is the most large-scale in the history of ancient Eldla, after the first Persian invasion of the territory of Balkan Greece. (492-490 BC. E.).
Opponents: The Peloponess Union led by Sparta and the first sea (Delosky) under the auspices of Athens.
Causes: The desire for hegemony in the Greek world of Athens and the rejection of Sparta and Corryryry of their claims.
Contradictions: Athens Rules oligarchy. Sparta - Military Aristocracy. Ethnically, the Athenians were Ionians, Spartans - Dorians. In the second allocate 2 periods.
The first is the "Archidamov War". Spartans made land invasion of attic territory. Athenians - Sea raids on the coast of the Peloponess. Completed in the 421th signing of Nikiyev of the world. After 6 years, it was disturbed by the Athenian side, which was defeated in the battle of syradakuses. The final phase entered the story called Dekeques or Ionian. With the support of Persia Sparta, the fleet was built and destroyed Athens in egosotamam.
Results: After imprisoning in April 404 BC Feramenov in the world Athens lost the fleet, drank long walls, lost all colonies and joined the Spartan Union.
9. Great Northern War (21 years)
There was a northern war for 21 years. It was between the Nordic States and Sweden (1700-1721), the confrontation of Peter I Karl XII. Russia fought mostly independently.
Reason: possession of the Baltic lands, control over the Baltic.
Results: With the end of the war in Europe, a new empire emerged - Russian, which has access to the Baltic Sea and possessing a powerful army and fleet. The capital of the empire was St. Petersburg, located at the location of the Neva River to the Baltic Sea.
Lost War Sweden.
10. Vietnamese War (18 years)
The second Indochinese war of Vietnam with the United States and one of the most destructive second half of the XX century. Lasted from 1957 to 1975. 3 periods: Partizanskaya Yuzhno-Vietnamese (1957-1964), from 1965 to 1973 - US full-scale fighting, 1973-1975. - After the withdrawal of American troops from Vietkong's territories. Opponents: South and North Vietnam. On the side of the South - the United States and the Seato military unit (the organization of the contract of Southeast Asia). Northern - PRC and USSR.
Reason: When the Communists came to power in China, and Ho Chi Min became the leader of the South Vietnam, the administration of the White House was frightened by the Communist "Domino effect". After the murder of Kennedy, Congress gave the "Tonkin resolution" to the President of Lyndon Johnson Cart-Blanche for the use of military force. And in March 65-o Vietnam, two battalions of the US Army seafood were gone. So the states became part of the civilian Vietnamese war. Applied the "Find and destroy" strategy, burned the jungle with Napalm - Vietnamese went underground and answered the partisan war.
Who benefits: American weapon corporations. US losses: 58 thousand in combat actions (64% younger than 21) and about 150 thousand suicides of American veterans of explosives.
Vietnamese sacrifices: Over 1 million fought and more than 2 civilians, only in South Vietnam - 83 thousand amputants, 30 thousand blind, 10 thousand lights, after the operation of Ranch Hand (Jungle) - congenital genetic mutations.
Results: The Tribunal dated May 10, 1967 qualified the actions of the United States in the territory of Vietnam as a crime against humanity (Article 6 of the Nuremberg Statute) and banned the use of thermal bombs of the CBU type as a weapon of mass lesion.
(C) different places of the Internet
In the history of mankind there were wars, launched more than a century. Strong cards, political interests defended themselves, people. We remember the most protracted military conflicts.
PUNICAL WAR (118 years old)
By the middle of the III century BC. The Romans almost completely subjugated Italy, swung onto all the Mediterranean and the first wanted Sicily. But mighty carphagen claimed this rich island. Their claims unleashed 3 wars, which stretched (with interruptions) from 264 to 146. BC. And they got a name from the Latin name of the Finiquity-Carthaginian (Punov).
The first (264-241) - 23 years (began just because of Sicily). The second (218-201) - 17 years (after taking the Hannibal of the Spanish city of Sagunti). Last (149-146) - 3 years. It was then that the famous phrase "Carthage must be destroyed!".
Pure military actions occupied 43 years. Conflict in aggregate - 118 years old.
RESULTS: The precipitated Carthagen fell. Rome - won.
Centenary War (116 years old)
Went to 4 stages. With pauses on the truce (the most long - 10 years) and the fight against the plague (1348) from 1337 to 1453.
Opponents: England and France.
The reasons: France wanted to oust England from the southwestern land of Aquitaine and complete the association of the country. England - to strengthen the influence in the province of Geni and return the landless - Normandy, John, Anju.
Complication: Flanders - Formally, was under the auspices of the French crown, on the fact it was free, but depended on the Sucpiests from English wool.
Reason: The claims of the English king Edward III from the Dynasty of Platagenets-Anzhui (the grandson on the maternal line of the French king Philip IV beautiful from the kind of capeting) to the Gallic throne.
Allies: England - German Feudals and Flanders. France - Scotland and Pope.
Army: English - hired. Under the king team. The basis is infantry (archers) and knightly detachments. French - knightly militia, under the leadership of royal vassals.
Fracture: After the execution of Zhanna d'Ark in the 1431th and the Battle of Normandy began the national liberation war of the French people with the tactics of partisan raids.
RESULTS: October 19, 1453 English army capitulated in Bordeaux. Losing on the continent everything except the port of Kale (remained English for another 100 years). France moved to a regular army, refused to Knight's cavalry, preferred infantry, the first firearms appeared.
Greek-Persian War (50 years)
Cupped war. Stretched with clutches from 499 to 449. BC. They are divided into two (first - 492-490, the second - 480-479) or three (first - 492, the second - 490, the third - 480-479 (449). For the Greek Policy-states - the battle for independence. For the empire of the Aheminids - Congrators.
Trigger:Ionian uprising. The fight of Spartans in Fermopilah entered the legends. The turning point was the battle of Salamin. Point put "Calliev Mir".
RESULTS: Persia lost the Aegean Sea, coast Gellpont and Bosphorus. Recognized freedom of the cities of Malaya Asia. The civilization of the ancient Greeks entered the time of the highest prosperity, laying the culture for which the Millennium after the Millennium was equal to the world.
Guatemalan War (36 years old)
Civilian. Proceeded outbreaks from 1960 to 1996. A provocative decision made by the American President Eisenhower in 1954 initiated a coup.
Cause: Fighting the "Communist Indication".
Opponents: Block "Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity" and military junta.
Victims: almost 6 thousand murders were committed annually, only in the 80s - 669 mass curases, more than 200 thousand dead (83% of them are Maya Indians), over 150 thousand. Lost.
RESULTS: Signing a "contract of solid and long-lasting world", which has protected the rights of 23 groups of indigenous Americans.
War of Aloi and White Rose (33 years)
The opposition of the English nobility - supporters of the two birth branches of the Platagenets dynasty - Lancaster and Yorks. Stretched from 1455 to 1485.
Prerequisites: "Ceing feudalism" - the privilege of the English nobility to spill off the military service at Señora, in whose hands the big funds were focused, which he paid the army of mercenaries, which became more powerful royal.
Cause: The defeat of England in century war, the impoverishment of the feudalists, their rejection of the political course of the spouse of the Malnia King Henry IV, hatred for its favorites.
Opposition: Duke Richard Yorksky - considered the right to the power of Lancaster of illegitimate, became a regent with an incompetent monarch, in the 1483rd king, killed in the battle at Bosworth.
RESULTS: Violated the equilibrium of political forces in Europe. Led to the collapse of planages. Earls to the throne of Wales Tyudors, which ruled England of 117 years. It cost the lives of hundreds of English aristocrats.
Thirty-year war (30 years old)
The first military conflict of the pan-European scale. Lasted from 1618 to 1648.
Opponents: two coalitions. The first is the Union of the Sacred Roman Empire (in fact - Austrian) with Spain and the Catholic principalities of Germany. The second is German states where the power was in the hands of Princess Protestants. They were supported by the Army of Reformed Sweden and Denmark and Catholic France.
Cause: The Catholic League was afraid of the spread of the ideas of the Reformation in Europe, the Protestant Evangelical Eania - they sought to this.
Trigger: The uprising of Czech Protestants against Austrian domination.
RESULTS: The population of Germany decreased by a third. France's army lost 80 thousand Austria and Spain - more than 120-and. After the Munster Peace Treaty in 1648 on the map of Europe, a new independent state was finally entrenched - the Republic of United Netherlands (Holland).
Peloponess War (27 years)
There are two of them. The first is Malaya Peloponess (460-445 BC. E.). The second (431-404th BC) is the most large-scale in the history of ancient Eldla, after the first Persian invasion of the territory of Balkan Greece. (492-490 BC. E.).
Opponents: The Peloponess Union led by Sparta and the first sea (Delosky) under the auspices of Athens.
The reasons: The desire for hegemony in the Greek world of Athens and the rejection of Sparta and Corryryry of their claims.
Contradiction: Athens Rules oligarchy. Sparta - Military Aristocracy. Ethnically, the Athenians were Ionians, Spartans - Dorians.
In the second allocate 2 periods. The first is the "Archidamov War". Spartans made land invasion of attic territory. Athenians - Sea raids on the coast of the Peloponess. Completed in the 421th signing of Nikiyev of the world. After 6 years, it was disturbed by the Athenian side, which was defeated in the battle of syradakuses. The final phase entered the story called Dekeques or Ionian. With the support of Persia Sparta, the fleet was built and destroyed Athens in egosotamam.
RESULTS: After imprisoning in April 404 BC. Feramenov in the world Athens lost the fleet, drank long walls, lost all colonies and joined the Spartan Union.
Vietnamese War (18 years)
The second Indochinese war of Vietnam with the United States and one of the most destructive second half of the XX century. Lasted from 1957 to 1975. 3 periods: Partizanskaya Yuzhno-Vietnamese (1957-1964), from 1965 to 1973 - US full-scale fighting, 1973-1975. - After the withdrawal of American troops from Vietkong's territories.
Opponents: South and North Vietnam. On the side of the South - the United States and the Seato military unit (the organization of the contract of Southeast Asia). Northern - PRC and USSR.
Cause: When the Communists came to power in China, and Ho Chi Min became the leader of the South Vietnam, the administration of the White House was frightened by the Communist "Domino effect". After the murder of Kennedy, Congress gave the "Tonkin resolution" to the President of Lyndon Johnson Cart-Blanche for the use of military force. And in March 65-o Vietnam, two battalions of the US Army seafood were gone. So the states became part of the civilian Vietnamese war. Applied the "Find and destroy" strategy, burned the jungle with Napalm - Vietnamese went underground and answered the partisan war.
Who benefits: American weapon corporations.
US losses: 58 thousand in combat actions (64% younger than 21) and about 150 thousand suicides of American veterans of explosives.
Vietnamese sacrifices: Over 1 million fought and more than 2 civilians, only in southern Vietnam - 83 thousand amputants, 30 thousand blind, 10 thousand lights, after the operation of Ranch Hand (Jungle Hamunication) - congenital genetic mutations.
RESULTS: The Tribunal dated May 10, 1967 qualified the actions of the United States in the territory of Vietnam as a crime against humanity (article 6 of the Nuremberg Statute) and prohibited the use of thermal bombs of the CBU type as a weapon of mass lesion.
