Facts about Napoleon Bonaparte. Napoleon Bonaparte: interesting data and facts. Facts from the life of Napoleon

Napoleon Bonaparte is the man who always did what could help get what he wanted. There have always been various rumors around his death and personal life. The facts from the life of Napoleon were both true and false, because this man had not only friends, but also bitter enemies. The facts of the biography of Napoleon allow contemporaries to understand how he lived great person and that he had something in his life that would be talked about forever.

1. Napoleon Bonaparte did not have writing abilities, but he still managed to write a novel.

2.When Napoleon was in Egypt with his army, he learned to shoot at the Sphinx.

3. Bonaparte managed to poison about a hundred of the wounded.

4. During his own campaign, Napoleon had to rob Egypt.

5. Cognac and cake were named after Napoleon Bonaparte.

6. Bonaparte was considered not only a French commander and emperor, but also a wonderful mathematician.

7.Napoleon was elected an academician of the French Academy of Sciences.

8. Napoleon came to power at the age of 35 as Emperor of the French.

9.Napoleon almost never got sick.

10. Napoleon Bonaparte had a phobia of cats - ailurophobia.

11. When Napoleon saw a sleeping soldier at his post, he did not punish him, but instead took over his post.

12. Napoleon liked various hats. Throughout his life he had about 200 of them.

13. This person had embarrassment regarding his short stature and fullness.

14.Napoleon was married to Josephine Beauharnais. He was also able to become a dad for her daughter.

15. In 1815, Bonaparte was exiled to Saint Helena, where he stayed until his death.

16. This man began to serve at the age of 16.

17. At the age of 24, Napoleon was already a general.

18. Napoleon's height was 169 centimeters. Contrary to popular belief about 157 cm.

19. Napoleon had many talents.

21. There is Napoleon's theorem in the world.

22. The duration of Napoleon Bonaparte's sleep was approximately 3-4 hours.

23. Opponents of Napoleon contemptuously called him "the little Corsican."

24. Bonaparte's parental family was poor.

25. Women have always liked Napoleon Bonaparte.

26. Napoleon's wife, whose name was Josephine, was 6 years older than her lover.

27. Napoleon Bonaparte was considered too tolerant.

28.Napoleon managed to write a story that consisted of only 9 pages.

29. Napoleon's wife gave her own daughter in marriage to her husband's brother so that they would have a child who could later become Bonaparte's heir.

30. It was known that Napoleon liked Italian operas, especially Romeo and Juliet.

31.Napoleon was considered a fearless person.

32. In the most stressful situations, Napoleon fell asleep in a minute, despite the fact that other people could not even close their eyes.

33. Napoleon Bonaparte was considered a cruel person.

34.Napoleon was considered a master of mathematics.

35. Contemporaries were amazed at the efficiency of Napoleon Bonaparte.

36. Napoleon systematically took medicines with arsenic.

37. The emperor was aware of his own significance for history.

38. Napoleon's native language was the Corsican dialect of Italian.

39. Napoleon studied at a cadet school.

40. After six years of imprisonment, Napoleon died of a protracted illness.

From the life (biography) of the famous emperor and great commander in this article.

Napoleon Bonaparte interesting facts

Napoleon was born in Ajaccio on the island of Corsica on August 15, 1769. Napoleon was the second of 13 children

Napoleon Bonaparte became famous not only because of his intelligence and military talent, but also because of his incredible ambitions, as well as his fast and dizzying career. Having started military service at 16, after a series of brilliant victories, at the age of 24 he already becomes a general, and at 34 an emperor. Also, among the features and skills of Bonaparte, there were many extraordinary ones. It is believed that he read at a tremendous speed - about two thousand words per minute, could sleep for two to three hours a day for a long time, and remembered thousands of soldiers by name.

Napoleon was very embarrassed by his small stature and loose, effeminate physique. As a result of such an inferiority complex in his headquarters, all the officers were undersized and well-fed, and tall and slender fellows had no chance of making a career.

The emperor was a rather fearless man, but very afraid of cats.

There is a known case when Napoleon found a sleeping soldier at his post, and instead of putting him on trial, he himself took the sleeping weapon and replaced him at his post. Such an act testifies not so much to kindness, but to an outstanding mind and sober calculation - acts of this kind help to quickly and permanently gain popularity among the soldiers.

During the wedding night of Napoleon and Josephine, the young people were so carried away that Josephine's dog thought that her mistress had been attacked, broke into the bedroom and bit Napoleon on the leg.

Napoleon is creator of the modern flag of Italy. In 1805, he proclaimed the Kingdom of Italy instead of the Cisalpine Republic, declared himself King of Italy and officially approved the green-white-red Italian flag.

The appearance of buttons on the sleeves of the jacket attributed to Napoleon. He did this in order to wean his soldiers from wiping their noses with the edge of outerwear - the emperor was extremely annoyed.

Napoleon loved hats. During his reign he demolished 170 unique hats. Moreover, the emperor personally came up with a model of his hat, a small one made of felt, with a tricolor cockade, which, ironically, coincided with the colors of the flag of modern Russia.

He spent the last years of his life on the island of St. Helena as a prisoner of the British.

The story of the rapid rise of Napoleon Bonaparte to the heights of power over almost all of Europe, most historians prefer to start with the battle for Toulon. The phrase "This is my Toulon" has become a household word, denoting a successful enterprise (not even necessarily a military one), after which life is rapidly changing for the better.

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Birth and formation of personality

Having won a convincing victory over the counter-revolutionaries and the British and becoming one of the young generals of the republic, Bonaparte was included in a kind of "black list" of the French Directory that replaced the Convention.

The young man alerted the government with his own courage and ability to instantly make the right military-political decisions. As history has shown, the desire of the government of the first French Republic to push such a person into the deepest shadow was justified. However, in a moment of crisis, it was necessary to resort to the help of this extraordinary person, which ruined the republic.

Napoleon was born in Genoese-occupied Corsica on May 15, 1769.. His parents from the petty but ancient nobility had 13 children, five of whom died in infancy. There is evidence that the young Napoleon was hyperactive child(historians recorded his family nickname "Troublemaker"), who divided his childhood years into tricks and reading. At the same time, before starting school, young Napoleon did not know either Italian or French, and spoke only in the Corsican dialect. This fact explains his "indescribable" light accent, which, however, was noticed only when he began his ascent to power.

Napoleon's career was helped not only by the habit of reading and the ability to analyze what he read. He also received a good education for those times. After elementary school Bonaparte, already in France, completed his studies at the following institutions:

• Autun College (mainly French);
• College Brienne le Chateau (mathematics, history);
• higher educational institution- the future Polytechnic Institute - the Paris Military School (military science, mathematics, artillery, advanced scientific achievements of that time such as aeronautics).

Brilliant education, passion at the same time and humanitarian ( military history), and the technical sciences in the future will greatly help Bonaparte to combine intuitive solutions with their verified mathematical implementation.

The history of the Napoleonic rise

The revolution in France gave birth to a galaxy of young ambitious generals. Napoleon stood out against their background by belonging to the nobility and excellent education.. The fact that he never got rid of his accent until the end of his life, and in moments of excitement often switched to his native Corsican dialect, rather hindered than helped his career. However, the young military man turned out to have a great instinct for patrons..

During the years of the Convention, he was supported by Lazar Carnot, who also loved mathematics, and the younger brother of the all-powerful Maximilian Robespierre - Augustin. During the bourgeois coup, Bonaparte managed to dissociate himself from his old patrons and get the support of Tallien and Barras. Probably for this reason, governments were reluctant to turn to his services. So, before the start of the siege of Toulon, Bonaparte was only a major, but for a brilliant operation he immediately received the primary general rank (“brigadier general”) at the age of 24.

But he had to wait for the next rank for more than two years, and at half the content. From 1793 to 1795, Bonaparte considered entering the service of the future implacable enemies of Emperor Napoleon: the English East India Company and the Russian army.

But when the bourgeois power was tested for strength by two revolts at once, the royalist (Vandemiere) and the Jacobin, Napoleon Bonaparte was the only one of the highest military commanders who agreed to suppress these revolts and successfully coped with the task, using artillery against the rebels. The irony of fate lies in the fact that Louis XVI at one time did not dare to give such an order, and Bonaparte, after this solution to the problem of riots, not only immediately received the following military rank(divisional general), but also firmly entered the ruling elite at that time.

First victories

Already six months after "his vandemière" Bonaparte was appointed to the Italian army. Finally getting rid of the guardianship of government officials, the young general wins one victory after another.

The winning list starts with the following battles:

• under Montenotte and Millisimo ("six victories in six days");
• near Lodi, at Lonato and near the city of Brescia;
• decisive battles at Castiglion and at Arcole (all - 1796);
• the defeat of the Austrian army at Rivoli, the defeat of the "Papal States" (1797).

Already in these early battles, an interesting trend appeared, which will be destined to characterize almost all the battles of the Napoleonic era: individual corps of the French army under the command of its future marshals could often suffer unfortunate defeats (like Junot and Massena already at the first stage of the Italian company), but these lost battles led only to the concentration of troops led personally by Napoleon, and under his command the French inevitably won victories.

Up until 1814, there were only a few battles when the French were under the personal command of Napoleon, and which French (and world) historians rank as "no one's":

• Preussish-Eylau (opponents - Russian and Prussian troops, 1807);
• Aspern-Essling (opponents - Austrian army, 1809);
• Borodino (1812);
• Leipzig (1813).

Interestingly, the battle of Leipzig is considered to be the defeat of Napoleon, but it, in fact, is a mirror image of the Battle of Borodino. At Borodino, the Russians retreated, losing a little more people than the French, the French retreated near Leipzig, losing only 10 thousand more than the coalition troops.

Major triumphs

The list of Napoleon's victories in major battles during the same period is much more impressive. The most important of them are the battles:

• at Rivoli (1797);
• at Austerlitz (1805, victory over the Russian-Austrian army);
• at Friedland (1807, victory over the Russian-Prussian army);
• under Wagram (1809);
• under Bautzen (1813).

Also, the return of Napoleon from Elba can be attributed to incredible triumphs.: having landed with less than a thousand supporters, the commander, on the way to Paris, almost without fighting, attached almost a hundred thousandth army to himself. And, of course, the days of his coup on 18 Brumaire or November 9, 1799, the concordat with the Catholic Church in the person of the Pope and the coronation day of December 2, 1804 are the real triumphs in the biography of Napoleon.

Personal life

Today, many novels about Napoleon's love affairs are being released. It can be assumed that, especially during the Italian company, he had many mistresses, but few of them remained in history or in the heart of a great man. But here are the women without whom Napoleon Bonaparte could not have taken place at all as a military-political figure and almost a world leader:

But here is a curious fact: for the two women who “made” Napoleon, there were also two women in his life who pushed him to death a lot:

• the daughter of the Austrian emperor Marie-Louise (1791−1847), who betrayed him in the days of defeat and forgot about him already during his exile to the Elba, in fact, killed Napoleon's only child;
• Countess Maria Walewska (1786−1817) - probably a beautiful Polish woman really loved Bonaparte, becoming his "late passion", but, according to historians, in addition to the objective reasons for the fatal campaign against Russia, Napoleon began it under the constant "pressure" of the beauty who dreamed about a free and great Poland.

Like this on two "guardian angels" in love story and Napoleon's personal life, there were also two "demons".

Brief description of Napoleon

According to contemporaries, Bonaparte was distinguished by incredible performance (3-4 hours of sleep was enough for him) and strong outbursts of anger, turning into seizures. A detailed description of the first French emperor can be read in the memoirs of his contemporaries, but the best of the artistic ones is considered to be the one given in War and Peace.

In short, according to Count L. N. Tolstoy, the dominant feature of this person was contempt for humanity in general and for any specific person in particular. But even Leo Tolstoy does not deny Bonaparte the extraordinary speed of processing information and making decisions on this basis.

He portrayed Napoleon as a man with a comical appearance and behavior: a short man, taking majestic poses. The emperor was indeed short, but not so short as to be considered the subject of ridicule. If we shift his height - 5 feet and 2 inches - to our metric system, it turns out almost 170 cm. Today we would call such a man small, but at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, such growth was quite normal.

Napoleon is not only an emperor, but also an academician. He became a member of the French Academy of Sciences for mathematical research: in particular, for deriving "his" theorem.

The emperor was a rather fearless person, but he was very afraid of cats.

Napoleon was considered a fan of good opera, especially Italian. But he did not show emotions either before or after the performance. Those who performed on stage did not expect a single clap from him. It is clear that the rest of the audience, seeing that the emperor did not applaud, did not do it themselves. One can only imagine how the actors felt when they finished the performance and heard the deathly silence ...

Willy-nilly, Napoleon enriched our Russian language. After all, it was his captured soldiers, hungry and chilled to the bone, who asked the Russians for help, turning to them “dear friend!” (in French - "cher ami"). So in our lexicon there was one more apt word, denoting a swindler, a swindler and a rogue - "sharomyzhnik".

Any a common person, caught in stressful situation, is unlikely to close his eyes from experiences. But for Napoleon, the most decisive moments of his life were an occasion to “reset the program” in his head: this was the case during the battles near Austerlitz and Wagram. The emperor fell asleep instantly - as if he was turning off. Although he slept very little: for a good rest, he had about three hours a day.

Napoleon was known not only for his fearlessness (in everything except for cats), but also for his cruelty. Once, when a shell fell nearby, which was about to explode, all the “brave men” surrounding the commander fled. To teach them a lesson in courage, the emperor rode up to the projectile on a horse and stood so that the deadly weapon was right above her belly. There was a deafening explosion, the horse with its entrails torn to shreds fell dead, and the rider was alive and unharmed and demanded a new horse.

Napoleon could boast of excellent health: he had never been seriously treated for anything. And only during the last exile - to the island of St. Helena - fell ill with an incomprehensible disease that killed him a few years later. But there is an opinion that it was not a disease, but small portions of arsenic, which were daily mixed into the food of the disgraced emperor by his ill-wisher ...

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The biographies of Napoleon and Hitler have very little in common. But the magic of numbers is really amazing. Many significant events in their lives happened with a difference of 129 years.

Comparison table of dates:

(The facts that most sources refer to are taken for verification.)

• - For some reason, many people confuse the year of Napoleon's birth, hence a number of absurdities with numbers arise. (Accidentally or on purpose, that's another story altogether);
• - Coming to power, a very loose concept (Depending in what country and in what position);
• - Confusion in different styles of calendars.

(* Conclusion: It is very indirectly possible to talk about coincidences (they exist), because this way you can adjust many dates in the biographies of many accomplished adults (For example: Today, many go to school for the first time at the age of 7 - just mysticism))

Similar patterns were observed in the biographies of the 16th and 35th US President: Abraham Lincoln / John Fitzgerald Kennedy.

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The name of Napoleon Bonaparte became a household name not only due to his intelligence and military talent, but also due to the incredible ambitions, as well as the fast and dizzying career of its owner. Having begun military service at the age of 16, after a series of brilliant victories, at the age of 24 he already becomes a general, and at 34 an emperor. Also, among the features and skills of Bonaparte, there were many extraordinary ones. It is believed that he read at a tremendous speed - about two thousand words per minute, could sleep for two to three hours a day for a long time, and remembered thousands of soldiers by name.

Napoleon was very embarrassed by his small stature and loose, effeminate physique. As a result of such an inferiority complex in his headquarters, all the officers were undersized and well-fed, and tall and slender fellows had no chance of making a career.

During the wedding night of Napoleon and Josephine, the young people were so carried away that Josephine's dog thought that her mistress had been attacked, broke into the bedroom and bit Napoleon on the leg.

There is a known case when Napoleon found a sleeping soldier at his post, and instead of putting him on trial, he himself took the sleeping weapon and replaced him at his post. Such an act testifies not so much to kindness as to an outstanding mind and sober calculation - acts of this kind help to quickly and permanently gain popularity among the soldiers.

During the Egyptian campaign, Napoleon completely unexpectedly abandons his army and hastily returns to Paris. He brings with him a giant statue of Set, which, as it was believed, opens the way for its owner to unlimited power. An interesting fact is that during the war of 1812, when the statue was transported along the Seine, an accident occurred and the statue drowned. Chronologically, it was after this event that the turning point in the war came and Napoleon began to rapidly lose his influence and power.

Another interesting fact is connected with the war in Russia in the life of Napoleon. One day, after watching the play "Oedipus" with Tsar Alexander I, Napoleon went to bed, but the night turned out to be terrible. He dreamed of a huge bear tearing open his chest and devouring his insides. Years later, the dream was remembered, and it became clear that the dream plot with Russia the bear turned out to be prophetic.

It is a well-known fact that Napoleon was poisoned with arsenic. But were they poisoned? At that time, arsenic was used quite widely for both industrial and medical purposes. It is possible that Napoleon simply became a victim of charlatans or conscientiously mistaken doctors who prescribed drugs containing arsenic to him. Another version suggests that Napoleon was afraid that he would be poisoned, and, in accordance with the popular theory of the time, voluntarily took small doses of arsenic in order to develop immunity to the poison. Naturally, such a procedure would inevitably end tragically.