What type of idyll does it belong to? The meaning of the word idyll in the dictionary of literary terms. New explanatory and derivational dictionary of the Russian language, T. F. Efremova
- (from the Greek word "einillion", literally - "small picture"). I. means a kind of artificial (not folk) poetry, intermediate between epic and lyrics, sometimes with the addition of drama. Content... Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron
The word "idyll" has at least two meanings. On the one hand, this is a genre of bucolic (shepherd's) poetry, which does not currently exist in its “pure form”. The subject of bucolic poetry is the life of the settlers among peaceful nature: their way of life, work, rest, love. The ancestor of this genre is the Greek poet Theocritus (3rd century BC). The poetics of the idyll crystallized in Virgil's Bucolics and Georgics (1st century BC), in Long's novel Daphnis and Chloe (2nd-3rd centuries AD), in European pastoral poetry and prose of the 16th —XVIII centuries. Boccaccio, Petrarch, Tasso, Goethe turned to "shepherd" themes. The "legislator" of French classicism Boileau, describing the poetics of the genre, wrote:
Idyll is alien to haughty arrogance.
Shining with the charm of graceful and humble,
Full of pleasant simplicity and modesty ...
(Translated by E. Linetskaya)
However, the interpretation of traditional idyllic themes - love delights and languor, enjoyment of the beauty of nature, etc. - in the work of any major poet is individual. The history of the idyll presents us with various variants of the genre: from the image of the conventionally poetic world of gallant shepherdesses and shepherdesses, alien to everything “everyday”, to the story of the everyday details of the working life of a peasant, as, for example, in Zhukovsky’s idyll “Oatmeal Kissel” (translated from Goebel) .
However, the bucolic genre is only one of the literary forms of expression of the idyllic ideal of a person's private life. The idyllic worldview penetrates into different genres and is associated with certain spatio-temporal, everyday and spiritual signs that determine the poetics of the idyll.
An idyllic space is a localized "corner of the earth", most often the space of a village, a manor, a lonely dwelling, certainly in the midst of nature. Idyllic time - as if stopped ("eternal spring and summer, eternal joy" among the heroes of "idyll for everyone" in the fourth dream of Vera Pavlovna - Chernyshevsky, "What to do?"). Idyllic heroes, whether they are busy with work (cultivating “their garden” in the finale of Voltaire’s “Candide”) or absolutely idle (Oblomov, Petrusha Grinev in childhood), whether they philosophize (the first part of Pushkin’s “Village”), dream (memories of childhood in Lermontov’s “How often, surrounded by a motley crowd ...”), or they only think about “what would they eat today” (Gogol, “Old World Landowners”), whether they are surrounded by family, children or the children themselves, - first of all enjoy the “fullness of satisfied desires” (“Oblomov”), the happiness of mutual understanding and full communication.
Ordinary occupations, the sameness of the environment and the stability of life do not irritate in an idyllic world, on the contrary, they give rise to aesthetic admiration. Contentment with little becomes both a moral and a poetic ideal (see A. Kantemir. "Satire VI. On true bliss").
The basis of the idyllic attitude is either innocence (if the hero by his "origin" belongs to the idyllic world: Aduev Jr. at the beginning of Goncharov's "Ordinary History"; Tatiana Larina in Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin"), or oblivion (when the hero is a fugitive from the "civilized "peace" or longs to escape to an idyll, like Larisa in Ostrovsky's "Dowry", like the heroes of Okudzhava's "Journey of Amateurs"). Escape from the "civilized" world is an escape into obscurity, into the "ordinary", into obscurity. An idyllic being presupposes either ignorance of the rest, "external" in relation to the idyll, the world, or the loss of memory of it. A person who has found an idyll is already consciously building his life, transforming his being into a creative process. The opposition of "peace and freedom", "labor and pure bliss" in the midst of nature (Pushkin, "It's time, my friend, it's time ...") to the vain and "noisy" life of the capitals is an indispensable property of an idyllic worldview. The rejection of "civilization" sometimes entails, along with the idyll, satire and criticism. The idyll in such cases is presented as the ideal of the only correct, natural and reasonable life, the ideal from the point of view of which the world of “civilization” is condemned. But on the other hand, an idyll can also become the subject of condemnation, and idyllic heroes (primarily those whose standard of life is idleness: for example, old-world landowners or Oblomov) representatives of stagnation and routine. All the more worthy of ridicule are the heroes of parodic idylls such as Gogol's Manilov.
The question of the "correctness" and objective value of idyllic existence in the literature of modern times has become particularly acute. If we apply, without the necessary adjustments, a measure of social activity to an idyll, then the idyllic enjoyment of peace and freedom, contentment with little will turn out to be the embodiment of vulgar "petty-bourgeois happiness", and the flight of heroes from the evils of "civilization" and non-participation in the affairs of contemporaries - factors of socio-political indifference and even a potential betrayal of the public interest.
It is clear that if life is not inspired by love, kindness, the idyll will be transformed into a parody of itself, and contempt for it is inevitable. But how to judge if a person is happy even in an idyllic world and at the same time lives in him a need for an external, “civilized” world, for generally useful activity? It is impossible to erase the boundaries between the idyllic and the "civilized" world; even Chernyshevsky's mechanized "idyll for everyone" is localized within a special state - New Russia. The presence of such insurmountable boundaries gives rise to contradictions in the soul of a person who is unable or unwilling to forget inside the idyll what is happening outside it (A. Blok, "The Nightingale Garden"; A. Platonov, "Fro"). Only switching from one world to another is possible; such an ideal of "switching" was developed back in the Enlightenment: a virtuous person is one who is both a useful citizen and a happy family man.
But it is impossible to combine the idyllic world with the outside world. And therefore idyllic heroes feel uncomfortable outside their world, acutely feeling the imperfection of a non-idyllic being. These characters are fragile and tragic. Prince Myshkin, coming to St. Petersburg from "Swiss Paradise", goes crazy (Dostoevsky, "The Idiot"); Katerina (Ostrovsky, "Thunderstorm"), who lived in her parents' house, "like a bird in the wild", and got into the "dark kingdom", rushes into the Volga. In turn, the invasion of the idyllic world of a hero, an alien idyll, is fraught with tragedy. The individualities of the “destroyers” of the idyll are different: this is the Old Testament serpent that tempted Adam and Eve, and Melmoth (Maturin, “Melmoth the Wanderer”), and Pechorin (Lermontov, “A Hero of Our Time”), and Stolz (Goncharov, “Oblomov”) . Immali dies, taken away by Melmoth from an idyllic island; Dostoevsky's "ridiculous man" ("The Dream of a Ridiculous Man"), once on an idyllic planet, corrupts the people living there. But it also happens that the “destroyer” cannot do anything with the idyllic hero (like Stolz and Oblomov), or he is simply not allowed into the world of the idyll (Batyushkov, “My penates”).
What is "Idyll"? What is the correct spelling of this word. Concept and interpretation.
Idyll IDYLL - a poetic work that paints a picture of a simple naive life, direct feelings, etc. The ancestor of the idyll, as a special genre (see this word), is usually considered the Greek poet Theocritus, whose rural idylls represent "a beautiful dream of rural life" (Croise ). Later, Virgil gave examples of idyll in his Bucolics, and in modern times - in the 17th and especially in the 18th century - stylized idyllic "shepherd's" poetry enjoyed great success. So, for example, a number of idylls were given by Gesner (1730-1788), whose bucolic form has Theocritus as its formal prototype. Of the Russian idylls, one can name Gnedich's "Fishermen", Delvig's "Retired Soldier", etc. Although not formally idylls, poetic works of other genres can, however, be more or less pronouncedly idyllic in nature or contain idyllic moments. We always deal with such cases when the poet depicts the peaceful tranquility of a settled way of life, thoughtless contentment, life by “nature”. From this point of view, Gogol's story "The Old World Landowners" is usually defined as an idyll. Such a view, however, cannot be considered fair. True, in Gogol's story there are strokes characteristic of an idyll - the simplicity of an unsophisticated life, the touching immediacy of feelings, etc. - but on the whole, these strokes give a far from idyllic pattern. Indeed, the simplicity and clarity of the old-world landlords’ self-satisfied life is not the simplicity of some villager who never had any desires, except for the desires associated with a piece of his land - on the contrary: old-world landowners are people whose all aspirations are simply etched out plant life (remember the youth of Athanasius Iv.), they are the living dead, whose "naturalness" is not from fullness, but from emptiness. On the other hand, for example, Knut Hamsun's novel The Juices of the Earth (published by Vsemirnaya Literatura, Gosizdat 1922), despite a number of dramatic episodes, can be called an idyll. The story of the settler Isaac, who creates an oasis in the wasteland, is full of such fresh strength, so saturated with the juices of the earth, that together with Isaac you experience his simple pleasures like buying a sheep or building a barn, and even dramatic episodes seem necessary. integral part whole organic life. However, despite such idylls as Hamsun's new novel, an idyll should be recognized as some kind of anachronism for our time. In an era when it is impossible to speak of even hints of "calmness of settled life", idyllic "simplicity" can only be a dream, perhaps not even a particularly attractive one. Ya. Zundelovich.
Idyll- idyll. small storyteller, poem, dreamy rural life. Idyllic, to this kind of words ... Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary
Idyll- (from the Greek word "einillion", literally - "small picture"). By I. is meant a kind of claim ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron
Idyll- I Idylliya (Greek eidyllion) peaceful, carefree, unclouded existence (sometimes ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Idyll- idyll (or), idylls, f. (Greek eidyllion - picture) (book). 1. Poetic work, depiction ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary
Idyll- and. 1. A poetic work depicting an idealized serene life in the bosom of nature, like ... Explanatory Dictionary of Efremova
Idyll- IDYL (Greek eidyllion - picture, diminutive of idea), poetic genre (in antiquity - in ... Modern Encyclopedia
Idyll- IDYL (Greek eidyllion) - a poetic genre (in antiquity - a type of bucolic), an image of a peaceful good ...
idyll - (from Greek- image, picture, view) - a genre form of bucolic poetry in the ancient world. The main features of poetic idyll are descriptions of peaceful everyday paintings and landscapes, serene pastoral life, simple, naive and open characters of peasants. This genre arose as a contrast between the solemn elation of odic poetry and hymns.
In Russian poetry, idyll in the form of stylizations after antique samples appeared in the 18th-early 19th centuries in the work of A.P. Sumarokova, Ya.B. Knyazhnina, V.A. Zhukovsky, N.I. Gnedich. This is how idyllic motifs sound in N.I. Gnedich "Swallow":
Swallow, swallow, how I love your spring songs! I love your cute look, like spring and lively and cheerful! Sing, herald of spring, sing and circle over me; Maybe you will sing sweet songs to my soul.<...>You, a free bird, choose a hut and a magnificent chamber as your home; but neither the tenant of the hut, nor the lord of the chamber With a daring hand can not touch your nest, If he is not afraid to lose happiness at home with you, You bring happiness to the house where you find undisturbed shelter, God's bird, as the pious plowman calls you<...>
At a later time, idyll, as a poetic genre, is much less common, although idyllic poems are found in many Russian poets of the 20th century who visited the House of M.A. Voloshin in Koktebel, idylls - most of P.A. Radimov devoted to the rural life of Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. A striking example is his poem "The Village":
Spring day. It soars with lazy warmth, The grass turns green in the sun. They work in the village. In the smithy they cook Wheels for a cart. Smoke, whitening, Flows into blue. Nice to hit the nose Healthy smell of tar. The bloated forge burns, and the aromas of burning Mixed with the tart, sharp spirit of glue. In the pond, splashing, flapping their wings, Gogotunny geese with ganders. You can see clearly and far into the pasture: There the women are laying a white canvas in rows, And on the hillock, like a whirlwind, two shearers with fluffy tails are galloping.
The idyllic mood becomes dominant in a number of poems by N.A. Klyueva, S.A. Yesenina, A.A. Ganina, P.V. Oreshin, I. Pribludny, N.N. Zarudina, P.S. Komarova, N.M. Rubtsova and others.
In prose, the idyllic is a chamber area of depicting a serene life, a life primarily contemplative in its origins, a life filled with quiet family happiness and the unity of man with nature. Idyllic values are widely and multifaceted displayed by classical Russian prose of the 19th century from the unforgettable book by S.T. Aksakov "Childhood of Bagrov-grandson" to "Oblomov" I.A. Goncharov, "War and Peace" L.N. Tolstoy and "Poshekhonskaya antiquity" M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, whose novel "Modern Idyll" is a vivid example of a grotesque-satirical play on a seemingly unambiguous term. Deeply significant are the idyllic ideas about the essence of life given to man in the work of writers of the 20th century - I.A. Bunina, I.S. Shmeleva, B.K. Zaitseva, M.M. Prishvina, B.L. Pasternak, V.A. Soloukhin.
IDYLL
- (from the Greek eidyllion - a small image, a small poetic work) - a genre of ancient poetry: one of the literary forms of bucolic (from the Greek boukolos - a shepherd), addressed to the image of the everyday life of commoners (shepherds, fishermen, i.e. people, close to nature). I. is characterized by an interest in Everyday life simple person. In New European Literature. And as a genre form, it traditionally refers to the image of the peaceful life of people against the backdrop of beautiful nature.
Dictionary literary terms. 2012
See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what is IDYL in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:
- IDYLL in the Lexicon of Sex:
(Greek), a poetic genre, a kind of bucolic. trans. - a peaceful, carefree existence ... - IDYLL in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary:
(Greek eidyllion) a poetic genre (in antiquity - a type of bucolic), an image of a peaceful, virtuous rural life against the backdrop of beautiful nature (the idylls of Theocritus, ... - IDYLL in encyclopedic dictionary Brockhaus and Euphron:
Idyll (from the Greek word "eydyllion", literally - "small picture"). By I. is meant a kind of artificial (not folk) poetry, intermediate between epic and lyrics, ... - IDYLL in the Modern Encyclopedic Dictionary:
- IDYLL
(Greek eidyllion - a picture, a diminutive of an idea), a poetic genre (in antiquity - a type of bucolic), an image of a peaceful, virtuous rural life on ... - IDYLL in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
and, well. 1. Genre variety of bucolic: a poetic work depicting an idealized serene life in the bosom of nature.||Cf. PASTORAL. 2. trans., iron. … - IDYLL in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
, -i, f. 1. A poetic work depicting a virtuous serene life in the bosom of nature. 2. trans. Peaceful, happy existence (often ironic). … - IDYLL in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
IDILLIA (Greek eidyllion), poetic. genre (in... - IDYLL in the Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron:
(from the Greek word "einillion", literally? "small picture") ? By I. is meant a kind of artificial (not folk) poetry, the middle between the epic ... - IDYLL in the Full accentuated paradigm according to Zaliznyak:
go lliya go lliya - IDYLL in the Popular Explanatory-Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Russian Language:
-and, well. 1) lit. A small piece of poetry depicting a happy, serene life in the bosom of nature. Idylls of Theocritus. For a long time already, reading idylls ... - IDYLL in the Dictionary for solving and compiling scanwords:
Serene … - IDYLL in the New Dictionary of Foreign Words:
(gr. eidyllion) 1) one of the forms of bucolic that existed in ancient poetry and is developing in European literature; draws episodes or ... - IDYLL in the Dictionary of Foreign Expressions:
[gr. eidyllion] 1. one of the forms of bucolic that existed in ancient poetry and is developing in European literature; draws scenes or settings... - IDYLL in the dictionary of Synonyms of the Russian language:
pastoral... - IDYLL in the New explanatory and derivational dictionary of the Russian language Efremova:
1. g. A poetic work depicting an idealized serene life in the bosom of nature, as a genre variety of bucolic. 2. g. Serene, happy... - IDYLL in the Dictionary of the Russian Language Lopatin:
id'illia, ... - IDYLL in the Complete Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Language:
idyll... - IDYLL in the Spelling Dictionary:
id'illia, ... - IDYLL in the Dictionary of the Russian Language Ozhegov:
often ironic. peaceful, happy existence idyll poetic work depicting a virtuous serene life in the bosom ... - IDYLLE in the Dahl Dictionary:
female small storyteller, poem, dreamy rural life. Idyllic, to this kind of literature ... - IDYLL in Modern explanatory dictionary, TSB:
(Greek eidyllion), a poetic genre (in antiquity - a type of bucolic), an image of a peaceful, virtuous rural life against the backdrop of beautiful nature (the idylls of Theocritus, ... - IDYLL in the Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language Ushakov:
(or), idylls, f. (Greek eidyllion - picture) (book). 1. A poetic work depicting life in the bosom of nature (lit.). 2. Serenely peaceful, happy ... - IDYLL in the Explanatory Dictionary of Efremova:
idyll 1. f. A poetic work depicting an idealized serene life in the bosom of nature, as a genre variety of bucolic. 2. g. Serene, happy... - IDYLL in the New Dictionary of the Russian Language Efremova:
- IDYLL in the Big Modern Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language:
I A poetic work depicting an idealized serene life in the bosom of nature, as a genre variety of bucolic. II well. Serene, happy... - IDYLL. ANTIQUE. in the Literary Encyclopedia:
The term "idyll" - means according to one interpretation ... - ECLOGUE (VARIETY OF IDYLL) in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
(lat. ecloga, from the Greek ekioge - selection, choice), a kind of idyll: a genre scene (mainly love) from a conditional shepherd's life, in a narrative ... Copyright © 2010-2019 Dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books - website
