A combination of sounds in English for children. All about English transcription. The role of transcription in teaching English reading

Sound Word makes it easy to learn transcription, pronunciation and translation of English words online.

To use it, you need to enter a word and click "Search". After a short pause, it gives out the transcription of the English word, pronunciation and translation. For convenience, there are two options: British and American. You can also listen to pronunciation options online.

What is transcription?

Phonetic transcription is a graphical recording of the sound of a word; pursues the goal of accurate graphical recording of pronunciation. Each individual sound must be separately recorded in the recording. Phonetic transcription is written in square brackets; special phonetic symbols are used for recording.

What is the transcription of English words for?

Knowing the English transcription is helpful. This makes it easy to read and correctly pronounce an unfamiliar English word on your own, without outside help. It is enough to look into the dictionary or use online services. Everyone knows that reading English words is a rather specific process, based not on “folding” words from letters, but rather on converting letter combinations into combinations of sounds. Of course, there are certain reading rules that you need to know and apply. But there are many more words that do not obey these rules. This is where transcription comes to the rescue, allowing you to learn the correct pronunciation of an English word, and, accordingly, its reading.

When you study a foreign language, you learn not only a set of vocabulary and grammar, you in any case come across the culture and peculiarities of the mentality of the people who speak this language. The best way to learn language and culture is reading in original ... And to read on foreign language, you must first learn to read in this language .

You don "t have to burn books to destroy a culture. Just get people to stop reading them.

You don't have to burn books to destroy a culture. You can just get people to stop reading them.

But, if at school or university you studied German or french languages, or your school base turned out to be smaller than you would like, and now you have decided to learn English, then let's start with the most primary and basic and learn a few techniques where to start in order to master the rules of reading.

English alphabet

I think you know that English is different from Russian and German, in which we basically read and write. IN english language the system is a little more complicated. The very first thing we need to do is learn the alphabet.

The English alphabet has 26 letters, including 21 consonants and 5 vowels. Knowledge of letters and the ability to pronounce them correctly is the key to successful and competent reading in English.

English alphabet with transcription of the names of letters.

A very easy way to memorize letters visually and by ear is through song. Watch the video and sing the song until you memorize the letters of the alphabet.

You can use the same method to teach the alphabet to your children and sing along with your little ones.

Reading rules in English

After studying the alphabet, let's start learning the combination of letters and reading short words. There are a number of rules in English that you need to learn, practice and remember if you want to read correctly english words.

Rules for reading English consonants

Many consonants read similarly to Russian consonants, such as letters m, n, l, b, f, z ... You can see it in words like mom, lemon, finger, boy, zebra .

Letters such as t and d sound similar but pronounced with aspirated... For example words table, teacher, dad, dirty.

Letter c has two reading options. Before letters i, e, y it reads like [s]- city, face, cyber... And before the rest of the vowels it reads like [k]- cat, cake, factory.

The vowel rule i, e, y works with the letter g... In front of them, it reads like - gym, george, giant... Before other consonants, the letter is read as [g].

Letter q always occurs in a combination of letters qu and reads like - quick, queen, square.

Letter j always reads like - jacket, jam, joy.

Table of the ratio of consonants and sounds in English.

How vowels are read in English

In English, a word can end in an open or closed syllable, which affects pronunciation. For example the words cat, pot, sit end in a closed syllable and have vowels a, o, i give sounds .

Words such as name, home, five end with an open syllable, since there is a letter at the end of the word ewhich is unreadable. But, thanks to her, the vowels in the middle of the word are read in the same way as they are pronounced in the alphabet, that is, the word name readable.

Types of English vowel reading in stressed syllables.

Reading vowel combinations in English

There are certain combinations of letters that have well-established rules for reading, although English is the language of exceptions, and when reading more difficult words, you should refer to the dictionary. The table below shows english vowel combinations with examples how they are read and how they sound.

Table of combinations of vowels in English.

And of course, there are exceptions to all the rules. However, don't worry and think that you will never be able to learn it. Everything can be understood, you just have to try a little and practice.

English diphthongs with transcription

When you learn the basic rules of reading, you will see that there are diphthong sounds that are quite difficult to reproduce in English, especially if you start learning the language not from childhood, but as an adult.

Table of English diphthongs with transcription.

Transcription of sounds in English

Practice shows that when children learn a language, they must necessarily learn transcription, while adults do not want to learn it and it can be difficult for them.

If you still want to learn how to write and read the transcription, then great! And if not, then you can use online dictionaries where the word will be pronounced for you. One of the best dictionaries today is the Multitran and the Lingvo online dictionary.

Important!

Remember to use dictionaries, not translators!

Here is an example of reading short words with transcription:

English vowel table and transcription.

There are some advantages to being in the internet age. While sitting at home you can master different knowledge online. For your attention video tutorial, which explains the basic principles of reading. Nevertheless, even having received knowledge through an online lesson, they need to be consolidated in order to form a skill.

Learn English tongue twisters

Here tongue twisters can help you, which are often aimed at practicing one sound. Here are some examples you can use.

English tongue twister	Translation into Russian
Whether the weather be fine, or whether the weather be not. Whether the weather be cold, or whether the weather be hot. We "ll weather the weather whether we like it or not.	The weather will be good or the weather won't be good. The weather will be cold or the weather will be hot. We can handle any weather whether we like it or not.
Three swiss witch-bitches, which wished to be switched swiss witch-bitches, watch three swiss Swatch watch switches. Which swiss witch-bitch ", which wishes to be a switched swiss witch-bitch, wishes to watch which swiss Swatch switch?	Three swiss bitches who want to change their gender look at the three buttons on the Swatch. Which Swiss witch bitch who want to change their gender examines what button on the Swatch watch?

Don't worry that these are tongue twisters! At this stage, when you are just learning to read and practice sounds, it is important to pronounce them correctly, albeit slowly. You can always speed up.

Learn to hear English speech

After learning the basic, basic rules of reading, you can use the repetition method behind the speaker. Your auditory memory will also work and you will hear how words are pronounced correctly and what intonation in sentences.

For this you can use small dialogues and audiobooks for beginners. At this level, it will be ideal if the text is in front of your eyes, you listen, read and repeat at the same time!

You can use a great resource like Oxford bookworm Librarywhere audiobooks for all levels are presented. You can download the library for free

For those who continue to study English, we recommend learning the language through films, which you can read about in the article

Work on your pronunciation

Reading is just the first step towards learning a language. Equally with the study of grammar and vocabulary, learning to pronounce and hear correctly is very important if you want to understand what they are saying and say so that you can be understood. Especially if you are talking to a native speaker.

As we said a little above, one of the best ways is listen carefully to native speakers and try to copy their pronunciation and intonation .

Pay special attention to sounds that are not in your native language. Often, people learning English have a problem with the ‘r’ sound, because in Russian it is hard, and in English it is more guttural and growling.

Difficulties also arise with the pronunciation of the two sounds that combination of letters 'th' ... Students pronounce it ‘c’ and ‘z’ persistently. Although it is worth noting that in words such as this, that, there, this sound is said to be between 'z' and 'd'. And in words like three, think, thief, it is pronounced like a sound between ‘f’ and ‘s’.

This may seem strange to you, since there are no such sounds in Russian, but if you listen to the speakers, you will understand that this is what they say.

Don't worry if you can't get it right the first time, it takes a little practice. But, try to learn right from the very beginning, because it will be more difficult when you have to relearn.

Learn to pronounce phrases in English correctly

In English, words in sentences are not pronounced separately, they often merge, as if into one whole, especially if it is a combination of vowel and consonant letters. Take a look and practice with these transcription examples.

The same applies to phrases where one word ends with the letter 'r', and the next word begins with a vowel. In such cases, the sound 'r' is pronounced. Here are some examples.

Transcription is a recording of the sound of a letter or word as a sequence of special phonetic symbols.

The transcription may not be interesting for everyone, but it is undoubtedly useful. Knowing the transcription, you will correctly read the unfamiliar word without assistance. In the classroom, you yourself can read the transcription of a word (for example, from the blackboard) without asking others, thereby facilitating the process of assimilating lexical material, etc.

At first there will be errors in correct reading, tk. there are always some subtleties in pronunciation. But this is just a matter of practice. A little later, if necessary, you can transcribe the words yourself.

Transcription is directly related to reading rules... In English, not everything that is seen (letter combinations) is read (as in Russian and Spanish, for example).

When textbooks (mostly Russian) tell about the rules of reading, much attention is paid to the type of syllable. Usually about five such types are described. But such a detailed theoretical presentation of the rules of reading does not make the lot of a beginner much easier, and may even mislead him. It must be remembered that good knowledge of the rules of reading is a great merit of practice, not theory.

Your attention will be presented the basic rules for reading individual letters and letter combinations. "Behind the scenes" there will be some phonetic moments that are difficult to convey in writing.

A little patience! Both transcription and reading rules are easy to learn in a short time... Then you will be surprised: "How easy it is to read and write!"

However, do not forget that, despite its widespread distribution, the English language does not cease to be a LANGUAGE, full of exceptions, stylistic and other delights. And at any stage of learning a language, especially at the initial stage, often look into the dictionary.

Transcription icons and their pronunciation

Symbols. Consonant sounds	Sound pronunciation (similar Russian)	Symbols. Vowel sounds	Sound pronunciation (similar Russian)
[b]	[b]	Single sounds
[d]	[d]	[ Λ ]	[a] - short
[f]	[f]	[a:]	[a] - deep
[ 3 ]	[f]	[i]	[and] - short
[d3]	[j]	[i:]	[and] - long
[g]	[g]	[o]	[o] - short
[h]	[x]	[o:]	[o] - deep
[k]	[to]	[u]	[y] - short
[l]	[l]	[u:]	[y] - long
[m]	[m]	[e]	as in the word "plaid"
[n]	[n]	[ ε: ]	as in the word "honey"
[p]	[ P ]	Diphthongs
[s]	[ from ]	[əu]	[ OU ]
[t]	[t]	[au]	[ay]
[v]	[ in ]	[ei]	[hey]
[z]	[h]	[oi]	[oh]
[t∫]	[h]	[ai]	[ay]
[∫]	[w]
[r]	Soft [p] as in the word Russian
[ about	The sign of softness as in the Russian letter Ё (Christmas tree)
Sounds without analogies in Russian
[ θ ]		[ æ ]
[ ð ]
[ ŋ ]	Nasal, in French style, sound [n]	[ ə ]	[neutral sound]
[w]

Notes:

In many school textbooks and in some Russian dictionaries, this sound is designated as [o]. But, in modern English dictionaries, this sound is usually designated as shown in the table.

Diphthong is a complex sound with two sounds. In most cases, a diphthong can be "split" into two sounds, but not in writing. Since in many cases one of the constituent sounds of the diphthong, if used separately, will have a different designation. For example diphthong [au]: there is no transcriptional sign like [a] separately. Therefore, most diphthongs are indicated not by a set of different transcription symbols, but by their own sign.

In many school textbooks and in some Russian dictionaries, this sound is designated as [ou], which is more descriptive. But, in modern English dictionaries, this sound is usually designated as shown in the table.

This sign often denotes unstressed vowel sounds in transcription, regardless of the letters (combinations) that this sound give.

Reading rules

English words have several types of syllables. However, to understand the whole system, it is necessary to remember and distinguish between the following two types: open and closed.

Open syllableends in a vowel: game, like, stone - a vowel in a word is read in the same way as in the alphabet.

Closed syllableends in a consonant: pen, cat, bus - a vowel in a syllable gives a different sound.

Stress in transcription and words is indicated by a vertical bar before the stressed syllable.

Single vowel sounds

Sound	rules
[e]	usually gives the letter e in a closed syllable: get [get], vet [vet] as well as the combination of letters ea: dead [ded], pleasure [´ple3ə] Note: this combination of letters often gives the sound [i:] (see below)
[i]	usually gives the letter i in a closed syllable: hit [hit], kill [kil] and also the letter y in a closed syllable: gym [d3im], cylinder [´silində] Note: the same letters in an open syllable give the sound [ai] (see below)
[i:]	occurs in the following letter combinations: e + e (always): meet [mi: t], deep; the letter e in an open syllable: tree [tri:], Steve [sti: v]; in the combination of letters e + a: meat [mi: t], beam [bi: m] Note: the same letter combination (ea) often gives the sound [e] (see above)
[o]	usually gives the letter o in a closed syllable: pot [pot], lottery [´lotəri], and also the letter a in a closed syllable after w: wasp [wosp], swan [swon]
[o:]	o + r: corn [ko: n], fortress [´fo: trəs]; more [mo:] almost always in a + u: fauna [´fo: nə], taunt [to: nt]; the exception is only a few words, for example, aunt Consonant (except w) + a + w: dawn [do: n], hawk [ho: k]. always in a letter combination a + ll: tall [to: l], small [smo: l] The letter combination a + ld (lk) also gives this sound: bald [bo: ld], talk [to: k] Not often, but you can find the combination of letters ou + r, giving this sound: pour [po:], mourn.
[ æ ]	usually gives the letter a in a closed syllable: flag [flæg], married [´mærid]
[ Λ ]	usually gives the letter u in a closed syllable: dust [dΛst], Sunday [´sΛndei]. And: ouble: double [dΛbl], trouble [trΛbl] ove: glove [glΛv], dove [dΛv] Note: but there are also exceptions: move [mu: v] - (see below); flood [flΛd], blood [blΛd] - (see above)
[a:]	occurs in the following letter combinations: a + r: dark [da: k], farm [fa: m] (see note) regularly the letter a in a closed syllable: last [la: st], father [fa: ðə] - therefore it is necessary to check with the dictionary, because a closed syllable traditionally gives the sound [æ] as in cat [kæt]; consonant + alm also gives this sound stably: palm [pa: m], calm [ka: m] + note Note: 1. very rarely a + r gives the sound [o:] warm [wo: m]; 3. Rarely: salmon [sæmən]
[u] [u:]	the longitude of this sound in most cases varies for historical reasons rather than spelling. That is, for each word, it is determined individually. This difference in longitude does not carry a huge meaningful load, as in other sounds. And in oral speech it does not need to be specially emphasized. This sound occurs in the following cases: always o + o: foot [fut], boot [bu: t], took [tuk], moon [mu: n] after pu in a closed syllable sometimes gives a short version: put [put], push [pu∫] (previous letter is always p) - (see note) ou + consonant: could [ku: d], wound [wu: nd] (but such cases are not common). r + u + consonant + vowel: prune [pru: n], rumor [ru: mə] Note: 2. But in similar cases with other consonants, u almost always gives the sound [Λ]: cut [kΛt], plus [plΛs], punch [pΛnt∫]
[ ε: ]	occurs in closed syllables with the following combinations of letters: always i / e / u + r (in a closed syllable): skirt [skε: t], person [pε: sən] turn [tε: n], burst [bε: st] - (see note) ea + r: pearl [pε: l], learn [lε: n] Note: in some cases the combination o + r after w gives this sound: word [wε: d], work [wε: k]
[ ə ]	Most unstressed vowel combinations of vowels give a neutral sound: famous [feiməs], computer [kəmpju: tə]

Vowel diphthongs

Sound	rules
[ei]	a in an open syllable: game [geim], pale [peil] ai in a closed syllable: pain [pein], rail [reil] ay (usually at the end): pray [prei], hay [hei] ey (rare but apt) usually at the end: gray [grei], survey [´sε: vei] Note: 4. the same letter combination sometimes gives the sound [i:]: key [ki:]
[ai]	usually occurs in the following cases: letter i in an open syllable: fine [fain], price [prais] ie at the end of a word: pie [pai], die [dai] the letter y in an open syllable: rhyme [raim], syce [sais] and at the end of the word: my [mai], cry [krai] ye at the end of a word: dye [dai], rye [rai]
[oi]	usually occurs in the following cases: oi (usually in the middle of a word) - poison [´poizən], noise [noiz] oy (usually at the end) - boy [boi], alloy [´æloi]
[au]	occurs in the following letter combinations: o + w: how [hau], down [daun] - (see note) o + u: round [raund], pout [paut] Note: 1. the same letter combination often gives the sound [əu] (see below)
[əu]	usually gives the letter o in an open syllable: stone [stəun], lonely [´l əunli] letter combinations o + w (usually at the end of a word): blow [bləu], crow [krəu] - (see note) ou before l: soul [səul], foul [fəul] oa + vowel: coach [kəut∫], toad [təud] old (as in an open syllable): cold [kəuld], gold [gəuld]. Note: 1. the word-exception: both [bəuθ]; 2. the same letter combination often gives the sound [au] (see above)
[iə]	ea + r: hear [hiə], near [niə] - (see note) e + r + e: here [hiə], sere [siə] ee + r: deer [diə], peer [piə] Note: 1. if this letter combination is followed by a consonant, then the sound [ε:] - dearth [dε: θ] appears. Exception - beard [biəd]
[eə]	give the following letter combinations: a + r + e: dare [deə], flare [fleə] ai + r: hair [heə], fair [feə]
[aiə]	give the following letter combinations: i + r + e: fire [faiə], hire [haiə] y + r + e: tire [taiə], pyre [paiə]

Consonant sounds

Sound	rules
[∫]	there are several combinations of letters that always give this sound (among others): tion [∫ən]: celebration [´seli´brei∫n], tuition [tju: ´i∫n] cious [∫əs]: delicious [dil´∫əs], vicious [´vi∫əs] cian [∫ən]: musician [mju: ´zi∫ən], politician [poli´ti∫ən] and, of course, the combination of letters sh: sheep [∫i: p], shoot [∫u: t]
[t∫]	always occurs in: ch: chair [t∫eə], child [t∫aild] t + ure: creature [´kri: t∫ə], future [´fju: t∫ə]
[ ð ] [ θ ]	These two sounds are given by the same letter combination th. Usually, if this letter combination is in the middle of a word (between two vowels), then the sound [ð] occurs: without [wi'ðaut] And, if it is at the beginning or end of a word, then the sound [θ] appears: thanks [θænks], faith [feiθ]
[ ŋ ]	nasal sound occurs in the combination of letters vowel + ng: sing [siŋ], hungry [´hΛŋgri], wrong [wroŋ], hang [hæŋ]
[j]	softness in sound can occur in some cases, and not manifest itself in other similar cases, for example super [´s u: p ə] (see the dictionary): u in an open syllable: mute [mju: t], huge [hju: d3] ew: few [fju:], lewd [lju: d] if the word starts with y + vowel: yard [ja: d], young [jΛŋ]

In English lessons, students moan, "Why are reading rules in English so confusing?"

One of the reasons is that English. Sometimes they kept their spelling, sometimes changed them for themselves. In good old England, words were often written the way they were read, so that one word could be spelled differently. Take, for example, Shakespeare's manuscripts - all this chaos is there at a glance.

Ultimately, the writing of words was standardized and entered into dictionaries, but ... As you study English, you will notice that a word is often read completely differently than it is written. And there are usually historical reasons for this.

There is good news too. Although many English words are written, it would seem, "as God puts it on his soul," there are a number of rules. But be careful, there is an exception for every rule.

English has over 1,100 ways to record 44 individual sounds - more than any other language. But let study be a game for you, not a duty.

Learn with our tips!

Jot down the words you are having trouble with in your notebook. Underline the part of the word that is most difficult for you.
Use a dictionary, not a spell checker! Unfortunately, you cannot always trust her.
Learn words with all sorts of prefixes and suffixes, for example: biography - autobiography, child - child hood etc.
Learn the rules, but don't rely on them. We have already said: there is an exception to any rule. We will talk about this below.

“I” is written before “e” (exception - after “c”)

One of the first reading rules taught in English classes. The rule works for words in which the long “ee” is pronounced, as in shield (shield).

Examples: piece (part), niece (niece), priest (priest), thief (thief).

But after “c”: conceive (to comprehend, to conceive), receive (to receive), receipt (receipt; not to be confused with recipe - recipe).

For words in which the sound "a" or "i" is pronounced, the opposite is true:

“A”: eight, neighbor, reign, weight

"I": either (any; or), height (height), feisty (absurd), sleight (agility)

Exceptions: seize, weird, conscience, efficient, etc.

silent letters

English is full of unpronounceable letters. The question arises: why do the British insert letters into words, and then they simply do not pronounce them? ..

Silent witness, or What is an unpronounceable letter

Unpronounceable letter ( silent letter) Is a letter that should appear in a word, even if we don't read it. More than half of the letters of the alphabet can be unpronounceable. They can be at the beginning of a word, at the end or in the middle - from the sound of the word, you will not understand that they are there.

Examples of unpronounceable letters:
a - thread (a thread), bread (bread), tread (step)
B - lamb (lamb), bomb (bomb), womb (womb)
c - scissors (scissors), science (the science), scent (flavor)
d - edge (edge), bridge (bridge), badge (icon)
e - see below
h - honor (honour), honest (honest), school (school)
k - knot (node), knight (knight), knowledge (knowledge)
l - talk (speak), psalm (psalm), balm (balm)
n - hymn (anthem), autumn (fall), column (column, column)
p - pneumatic (pneumatic), psalm (psalm), psychology (psychology)
s - isle, island (Island), aisle (passage, e.g. in the cabin of an aircraft)
t - listen (listen), rustle (rustle) whistle (whistle)
u - biscuit (cookies; no biscuit!), guess (a guess), guitar (guitar)
w - write (write), wrong (wrong), wrist (wrist)

Unpronounceable "e"

The unpronounceable "e" is the most common unpronounceable letter. There are several strict rules for writing words that end in the unpronounceable "e".

When you add a suffix to such a word and that suffix starts with a consonant, the stem does not need to be changed.

force + ful \u003d forceful

manage + ment \u003d management

sincere (sincere) + ly \u003d sincerely (sincere)

If the suffix begins with a vowel or with “y”, then the “e” before the suffix must be omitted.

fame (fame) + ous \u003d famous (famous)

nerve (nerve) + ous \u003d nervous (nervous)

believable + y \u003d believably

criticize (criticize) + ism \u003d criticism (criticism)

Exceptions: mileage (distance in miles), agreeable.

Prefixes and Suffixes

When you add a prefix to a word, you usually don't need to change the stem of the word.

anti + septic \u003d antiseptic (antiseptic)

auto + biography \u003d autobiography

de + mobilize \u003d demobilize (demobilize)

dis + approve \u003d disapprove

im + possible \u003d impossible

inter + national \u003d international (international)

mega + byte \u003d megabyte (megabyte)

mis + fortune \u003d misfortune (failure)

micro + chip \u003d microchip (microchip)

re + used \u003d reused

un + available \u003d unavailable (unavailable)

When you add a suffix to a word, it often changes the base of the word. Below are a few rules. As usual, there are exceptions, so if you're not sure how a word is spelled, consult the dictionary.

Words ending in a consonant

If the suffix starts with a consonant, just add it to the stem, don't change anything.

Example: treat (treat; treat) + ment \u003d treatment (treatment; attitude).

Doubling consonant

For most short vowel words ending in a single consonant, that consonant is doubled when you add a vowel-beginning suffix (ing, er, ed, est).

mop (wash) + ing \u003d mopping (wash)

big (big) + est \u003d biggest (biggest)

hot (hot) + er \u003d hotter (hotter)

For words that have an “l” at the end after a vowel, that “l” is doubled.

model (model) + ing \u003d modeling (modeling)

travel (to travel) + er \u003d traveler (traveler)

Exceptions

For some words ending in “r”, “x”, “w”, “y”, the doubling rule does not apply.

fear (fear) + ing \u003d fearing (fear, afraid, fearful)

box (box, not box!) + er \u003d boxer (boxer)

know (to know) + ing \u003d knowing (knowledge, knowing, knowing)

play (play) + ing \u003d playing (play, play, play)

And if a word has two consonants at the end or more than one vowel, the consonant also does not double.

maintain + ing (two vowels a + i) \u003d maintaining

keep (store) + er (two vowels e + e) \u200b\u200b\u003d keeper (keeper; owner)

hang (to hang) + er (two consonants n + g) \u003d hanger (hook)

Word endings

Words ending in "ce" and "ge"

When you add a suffix that starts with “a” or “o”, “e” remains.

manage + able \u003d manageable

notice + able \u003d noticeable

courage (courage) + ous \u003d courageous (courageous)

Exception: prestige (prestige) + ous \u003d prestigious (prestigious)

Words ending in “ie”

When you add “ing” to verbs ending in “ie,” the “e” is dropped and the “i” becomes “y”.

die (to die) - dying (dying, dying, dying)

lie (lie) - lying (lying, lying, lying)

tie (to tie) - tying (tying, tying, tying)

Words ending in "y" after a consonant

When you add suffixes such as “as”, “ed”, “es”, “er”, “eth”, “ly”, “ness”, “ful”, and “ous” to a word ending in “y ”After the consonant,“ y ”changes to“ i ”before the suffix.

eighty (eighty) + eth \u003d eightieth (eighty)

duty (duty) + es \u003d duties (duties)

lazy (lazy) + ness \u003d laziness (laziness)

mystery (secret) + ous \u003d mysterious (mysterious)

beauty (beauty) + ful \u003d beautiful (beautiful)

multiply + ed \u003d multiplied

cozy (cozy) + ly \u003d cosily (cozy)

Words ending in "y" after a vowel

“Y” is preserved before suffixes such as “er”, “ing”, or “ed”.

destroy - destroying - destroyed

buy - buying - buyer

play (play) - playing - player

You may be confused by some of the differences in spelling and reading rules that are caused. It's not that that option is better and this one is worse, you just need to stop at one, learn and stick to it. Try not to mix one with the other.

The rules of reading and writing are like a weather forecast: we can be guided by them, but we cannot count on them to help us out every time. Therefore, it is very important to read more in English so that the sound of words and their style merge into a single image.

21768

In contact with

Transcription is a recording of the sound of a letter or word as a sequence of special phonetic symbols.

Transcription is directly related to reading rules... In English, not everything that is seen (letter combinations) is read (as in Russian and Spanish, for example).

A little patience! Both transcription and reading rules are easy to learn in a short time... Then you will be surprised: "How easy it is to read and write!"