Vakhidov, erkin vakhidovich. Erkin Vakhidov: A bright star of poetry Erkin Vakhidov biography
Erkin Vakhidovich Vakhidov (Uzbek Erkin Vohidovich Vohidov; December 28, 1936, Altyaryk district, Fergana region - May 30, 2016, Tashkent) - Uzbek Soviet poet, playwright, public and statesman. Hero of Uzbekistan, People's Poet of the Uzbek SSR, Laureate of the State Prize of the Uzbek SSR named after I. Hamza.
Biography
Erkin Vakhidov was born in 1936 in Altyaryk region, Fergana region in the family of a teacher. After graduating from high school, Erkin Vakhidov continued his education at the Faculty of Philology of Tashkent State University, where he studied from 1955 to 1960. After graduating from the university, he worked as an editor (1960-1963) and chief editor (1975-1982) of the Yosh guard publishing house; editor, chief editor (1963-1970) and director (1985-1987) of the publishing house of literature and art. Gafur Gulyam; from 1982 to 1985 he was the first editor-in-chief of the Yoshlik magazine.
Since 1990, Erkin Vakhidov has been engaged in public and state activities, from 1990 to 1995. holds the position of Chairman of the Committee of the Supreme Council of Uzbekistan, from 1995 to 2005. - Chairman of the Committee on International Affairs and Interparliamentary Relations of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, from 2005 to 2009 - Chairman of the Committee on Science, Education, Culture and Sports of the Senate of the Oliy Majlis.
In 1999 Erkin Vakhidov was awarded the title of Hero of Uzbekistan.
Creation
Erkin Vakhidov begins to write his first poems at school. The first collection of poems by Erkin Vakhidov "Breath of Dawn" was published in 1961. Subsequent collections of the poet are published almost every year - "My Songs for You" (1962), "Heart and Mind" (1963), "My Star" (1964), "Echoes" (1965), "Lyrics" (1966), "The Sofa of Youth "(1969)," Svetoch "(1970)," Today's youth "(1971).
Erkin Vakhidov translated Goethe's Faust, poems by S. Yesenin, A. Tvardovsky, M. Iqbal, R. Gamzatov, G. Emins and many other poets into Uzbek.
Awards and prizes
- People's poet of the Uzbek SSR (1987)
- Laureate of the State Prize of the Uzbek SSR named after I. Hamza (1983)
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An excerpt characterizing Vakhidov, Erkin Vakhidovich
- I am from the Archduchess. I heard nothing there.- And did not you see that they fit everywhere?
- I have not seen ... But what's the matter? Prince Andrew asked impatiently.
- What's the matter? The fact is that the French crossed the bridge that protects Auesperg, and the bridge was not blown up, so Murat is now running along the road to Brunn, and tomorrow they will be here.
- Like here? Why didn't they blow up the bridge when it was mined?
- And I'm asking you. Nobody, and Bonaparte himself, knows this.
Bolkonsky shrugged his shoulders.
“But if the bridge is crossed, it means that the army is also lost: it will be cut off,” he said.
- That's the thing, - answered Bilibin. - Listen. The French are entering Vienna, as I told you. Everything is very good. The next day, that is, yesterday, gentlemen marshals: Murat Lann and Belyard, mount on horseback and set off for the bridge. (Note, all three are Gascons.) Gentlemen, says one, you know that the Tabor bridge is mined and countermined, and that in front of it is a formidable tete de pont and fifteen thousand troops, who were ordered to blow up the bridge and not let us in. But our sovereign Emperor Napoleon will be pleased if we take this bridge. Let's pass the three of us and take this bridge. - Let's go, others say; and they go and take the bridge, cross it, and now with the whole army on this side of the Danube are heading towards us, towards you and towards your messages.
- To joke completely, - said Prince Andrey sadly and seriously.
This news was sad and at the same time pleasant to Prince Andrey.
As soon as he found out that the Russian army was in such a hopeless situation, it occurred to him that it was precisely for him that it was intended to bring the Russian army out of this situation, that here he was, that Toulon, who would lead him out of the ranks of unknown officers and would open the first path for him to glory! Listening to Bilibin, he was already thinking how, having arrived at the army, he would give an opinion at the council of war, which alone would save the army, and how he alone would be entrusted with the execution of this plan.
“To joke completely,” he said.
“I'm not joking,” Bilibin continued, “there is nothing more just and sadder. These gentlemen come to the bridge alone and raise their white kerchiefs; assure that there is a truce, and that they, the marshals, are going to negotiate with Prince Auersperg. The duty officer lets them in tete de pont. [bridge fortification.] They tell him a thousand Gascon nonsense: they say that the war is over, that Emperor Franz has made an appointment with Bonaparte, that they want to see Prince Auersperg, and a thousand Gasconades, and so on. Officer sends for Auersperg; These gentlemen embrace the officers, joke, sit down on the cannons, while the French battalion, unnoticed, enters the bridge, throws sacks of flammable substances into the water, and approaches tete de pont. Finally, the Lieutenant General himself, our dear Prince Auersperg von Mautern, appears. “Dear enemy! The color of the Austrian army, the hero of the Turkish wars! The enmity is over, we can shake hands with each other ... Emperor Napoleon is burning with the desire to recognize Prince Auersperg. " In a word, these gentlemen, not for nothing the Gascons, so bombard Auersperg with beautiful words, he is so seduced by his so quickly established intimacy with the French marshals, so blinded by the appearance of Murat's mantle and ostrich feathers, qu "il n" y voit que du feu, et oubl celui qu "il devait faire faire sur l" ennemi. [That he sees only their fire and forgets about his own, which he was obliged to open against the enemy.] (Despite the liveliness of his speech, Bilibin did not forget to pause after this mot to give time to evaluate him.) The French battalion rushes into tete de pont, the cannons are nailed down, and the bridge is taken. No, but what is best, - he continued, calming down in his excitement by the charm of his own story, - is that the sergeant, assigned to the gun, at the signal of which he was supposed to light mines and blow up the bridge, this sergeant, having seen that the French troops running to the bridge, was about to shoot, but Lann pulled his hand away. The sergeant, who was apparently smarter than his general, approaches Auersperg and says: "Prince, they are deceiving you, here are the French!" Murat sees that the case is lost if the sergeant is allowed to speak. He is surprised (a real Gascon) turns to Auersperg: "I do not recognize the Austrian discipline so vaunted in the world," he says, "and you allow the lower rank to talk to you like that!" C "est genial. Le prince d" Auersperg se pique d "honneur et fait mettre le sergent aux arrets. Non, mais avouez que c" est charmant toute cette histoire du pont de Thabor. Ce n "est ni betise, ni lachete ... [This is brilliant. Prince Auersperg is insulted and orders the arrest of the sergeant. No, admit it is lovely, this whole story with the bridge. This is not just stupidity, not like meanness ...]
- With "est trahison peut etre, [Perhaps treason,]" said Prince Andrew, vividly imagining gray greatcoats, wounds, gunpowder smoke, the sounds of firing and the glory that awaits him.
Satire occupies a special place in the work of E. Vakhidov. In the series of satirical poems "Anecdotes of Donish-kishlak" about Matmus, the poet ridicules sycophancy, betrayal, greed, money-grubbing. The poems are interesting for the variety of life observations, the depth of their comprehension, the originality of expressive means.
In the fable "Ostrich" E. Vakhidov plays with the name of the bird in Uzbek, consisting of two words - a camel and a bird. This is how a small, but very apt poem about meaningless people, opportunists and cowards is born.
The love lyrics of Erkin Vakhidov deserve attention. The poet can rightfully be called the successor of the traditions of the classical genre of the gazelle. So, in the poems "The nightingale cried all night", "Bud" there are traditional attributes of a gazelle - images of a nightingale and a rose, Farhad and Majnun as the personification of passionate tragic love, the obligatory mention of the poet's name in the last lines:
May Erkin's blood sprout,
A flower in the garden of your love.
Carefully preserving traditions, the author also conveys his original perception of love. In the poem "The Spring", the reader is presented with a girl sitting by the spring. Starting from a real episode, the poet creates a lyrical love story, or rather, expectations of love. The love of the lyric hero of the poem is like a pure spring emanating from the depths of the earth. The heroine of the poem is both sublime and simple in anticipation of a bright feeling.
In the poem "Free Land - Uzbekistan" the poet praises the most precious conquest of the people - freedom and independence of the Motherland. Erkin Vakhidov refers to the historical past of his native land, when "the hordes were trampled by predatory, evil, and wounds are visible on the ground." The poet is proud that the eternal striving for freedom and prosperity of the motherland, expressed in the epics "Alpamysh", Tor-oglu "is being carried out in our time, and he is a direct participant in the events. It is organic and accurate to compare the homeland with the legendary heroic winged horse - a symbol of power, strength and freedom.
The poet Robert Rozhdestvensky admired his work and wrote about his work:
I liked his sincere and harsh poem "The Moan of the Earth", I liked the multi-layered and polyphonic poem "Rise of the Immortals" - about the Bengali poet Nazrul Islam. Here the author's voice demonstrates all the possibilities and all registers - from a whisper to a shout ...
Finishing these short notes, I want to cite one more poem from the collection. Bring in whole:
Without finding names for my poems,
I sometimes put over poems
A star. In the night, amid the sleepy silence,
And in the noise of the day in the midst of a bright radiance,
As the faithful guardian of the verse - burn, star.
Burn in moments of deep joy
Burn in the hours of lonely sadness
And burn in the heat. And in the cold. And then,
When my star goes down
(Translated by Y. Kazantsev)
"In my opinion, these are very good, accurate verses. And they also have wise calm and spaciousness. And they also have pain. Real human pain ..." - Russian poet Robert Rozhdestvensky writes about the Uzbek poet Erkin Vakhidov.
Recognition of the poet's merits was that in 1999 Erkin Vakhidov was awarded the title of Hero of Uzbekistan.
Work
The first collection of poems:
Morning Breath (1961).
Collections of poems:
"Songs for You" (1962)
"Heart and Mind" (1963)
"Cry of the Soul" (1964)
"Lyrics" (1965)
"A Poem Written in a Tent" (1966)
"Sofa of Youth" (1969)
"Charogbon" (1970)
Living Planets (1978)
East Coast (1981)
"Letters to the Future" (1983)
"Love" (1984)
"Modern youth" (1986)
"Suffering" (1991)
"Better the bitter truth ..." (1992)
Plays:
"Golden Wall"
"Istanbul tragedy"
"The second talisman".
Other jobs:
Erkin Vakhidov translated into Uzbek:
goethe's tragedy "Faust",
poems by S. Yesenin, A. Tvardovsky,
M. Iqbala,
R. Gamzatova,
G. Emins and other poets.
Erkin Vakhidov is one of the outstanding representatives of modern Uzbek poetry. His gazelles, written in the traditions of Eastern classical literature and at the same time revealing the inner world of his contemporaries, poems imbued with the spirit of high humanity, poems "Shout", "Rise of the Immortals", "Istanbul Tragedy", full of life vicissitudes, philosophical reflections on the fate of the people , the comedy "Golden Wall", delighting the audience with a subtle sparkling humor, as well as brilliant translations by I. Goethe, S. Yesenin, A. Blok, M. Svetlov, A. Tvardovsky, and especially "Persian motives", "Faust" were significant events in literature.
Erkin Vakhidov
POEMS
Translated by A. Feinberg
Erkin Vakhidov was born in 1936 in Altyaryk region, Fergana region in the family of a teacher. After graduating from high school, Erkin Vakhidov continued his education at the Faculty of Philology of Tashkent State University, where he studied from 1955 to 1960. After graduating from the university, he worked as an editor (1960-1963) and chief editor (1975-1982) of the Yosh Guard publishing house; editor, chief editor (1963-1970) and director (1985-1987) of the publishing house of literature and art. Gafur Gulyam; from 1982 to 1985 he was the first editor-in-chief of the Yoshlik magazine.
Erkin Vakhidov begins to write his first poems at school. The first collection of poems by Erkin Vakhidov "Breath of Dawn" was published in 1961. Subsequent collections of the poet are published almost every year - "My Songs for You" (1962), "Heart and Mind" (1963), "My Star" (1964), "Echoes" (1965), "Lyrics" (1966), "The Sofa of Youth "(1969)," Svetoch "(1970)," Today's youth "(1971).
The poet Robert Rozhdestvensky praised the work of Erkin Vakhidov and spoke about his works this way:
“I liked his sincere and harsh poem“ The Dream of the Earth ”, I liked the multi-layered and polyphonic poem“ Rise of the Immortals ”- about the Bengali poet Nazrul Islam. Here the author's voice demonstrates all its capabilities and all registers - from a whisper to a shout ... "
Erkin Vakhidov tries himself in different genres - epic, journalistic, but more and more gravitates towards song. Many of his poems are known as songs sung by Uzbek singers. Later, the work of Erkin Vakhidov is noticeably different from his earlier works, he is freed from his previously inherent laconicism and abruptness towards smoother intonations. During this period, poetry collections "Love" (1976), "Living Planets" (1978), "East Coast" (1982), "Message to Descendants" (1983), "Insomnia" (1985), "Suffering" (1991) , "The Bitter Truth is Better" (1992).
Erkin Vakhidov's authorship includes the poems "The Dream of the Earth", "The Poem Written in a Tent", "Devotion", "Rise of the Immortals", "The Conqueror and the Barber", the plays "The Golden Wall", "The Istanbul Tragedy", "The Second Talisman".
Erkin Vakhidov translated Goethe's Faust, poems by S. Yesenin, A. Tvardovsky, M. Iqbal, R. Gamzatov, G. Emins and many other poets into Uzbek
Since 1990, Erkin Vakhidov has been engaged in public and state activities, from 1990 to 1995. holds the position of Chairman of the Committee of the Supreme Council of Uzbekistan, from 1995 to 2005. - Chairman of the Committee on International Affairs and Interparliamentary Relations of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, from 2005 to 2009 - Chairman of the Committee on Science, Education, Culture and Sports of the Senate of the Oliy Majlis.
In 1999 Erkin Vakhidov was awarded the title of Hero of Uzbekistan.
Erkin Vakhidov died at the age of 80 on May 30, 2016 in the city of Tashkent.
RAILWAY STATION
Saddened by a restless soul,
I remembered in the hateful silence,
that forever rebellious
there is a train station. And he will help me.
I'm going to the train station on a date
to a life that always rages like a river
in the confusion of meetings and partings,
in the joy and sorrow of people.
Laughter and tears are mixed here.
Life is around, but you do not recognize -
Either diesel locomotives trumpet about happiness,
or they moan for a long time in trouble.
People in the sea of \u200b\u200bfeelings float as best they can.
I swam too. But I never knew
how did you fit such a sea
this old little train station.
SECONDS
We live easily, without noticing seconds.
We laugh at carelessness in captivity.
And the pendulum - it shakes its head,
blaming this carelessness.
He seems to be telling us: - It will be late.
Hurry for a second, anyone.
Everything has its own term. And I wouldn't have to after
regret them by shaking your head.
* * *
I said to the teacher: - Together with us
the earth whirls.
But if we all walk upside down
why don't we fall off it?
At recess, taking a bucket of water,
teacher in the schoolyard
suddenly began to circle him over his head.
Not a drop fell from the bucket.
The years have passed. And childhood was forgotten.
The earthly expanse will long open to us.
We swim, we fly, we move. And somewhere
the school yard is still green.
And feeling the stone under your feet
and the hum of the earthly hot core,
I feel like one of the drops
that in childhood did not fall out of the bucket.
Thirst for movement and impetuosity,
as in the earth, he always lives in me.
And if suddenly I stop one day
then, having come off, I will perish without a trace.
NERVES
And life is cool. And my nerves are on edge.
Anger is unreasonable and insults are countless.
What is rudeness? Nerves. The circle of friends is thinning.
Parting? Nerves. And bridges cannot be brought together.
We are useless to call for peace.
And again our planida is not easy.
After all, man is not steel or iron.
And life is so godlessly short.
I calm my nerves. But where there!
The blood beats in my veins again.
And with a nervous surge, feeling the loss,
I sprinkle a new day again.
POEMS AND CHESS
Ready for battle with a verse stanza
have become figures in four lines.
The manes of rebellious horses rose,
steel bayonets flared pawns.
I can safely compare chess with poetry.
Ancient roots of both.
This game does not age for centuries
thoughts jerk, tense, like a verse.
How much courage in lofty impulses!
How many centuries, risking myself,
chess pieces and angry strings
on kings rise to battle.
A move or a word is one basis in them -
battle of hearts and battle of minds.
In this struggle, every move, like a word,
must be accurate, beautiful and new.
If my line touched souls,
if I touched people's hearts,
then I would be happier than an Indian -
the genius who gave us chess.
Unique, new, endless
word and move. May they be with me
chess is eternal, poetry is eternal.
The fight is not over. Long live the battle!
LETTER TO FRIENDS
I opened the window at dawn.
I saw a star in the morning
And I heard the light bitter wind
Wandering in the flying garden.
My garden has changed. He turned yellow overnight.
Whirl, autumn foliage, whirl.
How imperceptibly the summer flew by!
How imperceptibly life flies by!
Yesterday I was a merry band
We went out in the field to the harvest.
We lived greedily. The days were not enough for us.
And now the leaves are falling in the garden.
But the early star is shining on me again.
I see a pond and moonfields.
The wind breathes through my window with youth.
Hey, it's time for my happy! ..,
Hey, Anvarka! Where is your road?
Ay, Shakir! How is your life going?
Karim, ay! More dear to me every day
Everything that no one will return to us.
Just yesterday autumn showered us.
But in life we \u200b\u200bare, alas, torn apart.
Hey! Whose son is entering today
To the faculty, where did we study?
Let my memories be sad.
And their light, like music, is in me.
The dawn star is burning above us,
Above all of us in the blue heights.
Friends, let us scattered around the world.
But the vine still blossoms of that friendship.
And in the corridors of the university
Our voices sound as before.
And nothing that autumn is on the doorstep.
Traces of happy years in their dust
They also keep dirt roads.
With which we went from the fields.
And the scarlet posters did not go out.
They talk about cotton again.
And the scarlet sunsets did not go out,
Where the songs of our youth sound.
Let our summer run away forever.
But the box is light again in the hands.
Or maybe you have a poet in your hands
and your friend is forever your line
We are still students in our hearts.
And no matter how we dress,
We are all wearing the same aprons.
And these aprons are full of cotton.
And I address these lines to you.
You are the happiness that has been given to me forever.
Let the autumn wind itself at dawn
My letter will be thrown into your window.
Let him resurrect the memory
so that the heart never goes out
past high radiance.
Love and youth. An early star.
Don't scare a child from an early age
The evil shaitan of our old fairy tales.
Let him not be afraid, having matured,
We met genuine shaitans.
Do not teach a child from an early age,
So that he becomes cunning and cruel.
Let no one, having once matured,
Shaitan will not appear in the world of people.
THE SOUL OF NAZRUL ISLAM
Let me not put my song together as I die.
Forgive me, earth, that there are no more songs.
Fate, thank you in advance
For the fact that you will fulfill my covenant.
Thank you for my inconsolable path.
For the gift of verse, for nights and days.
My god, my destiny, my hope.
I pray you don't lie for the last time.
And the prayer of Nazrul reached heaven.
He will never return again.
Waving a wing, fate did not deceive.
And a star rolled across the sky.
A free wind swept over the dungeon.
And the cries of birds were heard in the distance.
Great ones, whose spirit is always immortal,
they carried him away forever.
And in that dungeon, without hearing the wind,
not realizing your happy lot,
a madman who was once a poet,
staring at heaven without meaning.
He did not know that there, in the winged distance,
where the lightning gleams blaze
his soul is like a golden bird,
swam into a wedge of majestic birds.
MEMORY
Bad memory? My friend, do not complain.
Forgetfulness gives peace to the soul.
But, unfortunately, I myself am not like that.
And all that was, my heart remembers.
In vain I run from memory
She, as before, fills the soul with pain.
The one that doesn't remember me for a long time
which year I cannot forget.
STEEL
She shone with an ax.
Thundered with a cannon then
And blew up the earth with a bomb,
And thunder gave birth to rockets.
But then she only conquered the world,
When I was just a pen.
DAWN
Artist - the sun with a gold brush
I reached a mountain snowy height.
To the horizon that was black
He dropped the fiery flowers.
He illuminated the green valley.
And each stone was warmed with a brush.
Grass. Road. The river. And a picture.
Ascending into the sky, he called: "Dawn".
THE PHOTO
There is sadness in old photographs.
How immense is the field of our life!
I met this man.
But where, when - now I don't remember.
His eyes, keeping pensiveness,
they stare into my soul through the years
and they ask me -
what I have become and how I live today.
They calmly call to the past.
And resurrecting dates and names,
like misty clouds float
my beautiful memories.
In them, the past is clearer and clearer.
Faces rise, names are different.
Living people, dear people -
you are my life, you are part of my destiny.
LAST DAY
We will not catch up with the past moment.
And this truth is old.
The day that was yesterday "today"
today is already yesterday.
Only twelve branches bloom
on an ancient tree, as of old.
And if the leaf was torn off by the wind.
The calendar has become one day thinner.
Not knowing what rest is.
The day passed in a tumult of affairs.
Who gave his share to him,
and who managed to take from him.
Who wrote the poem
who managed to harvest the harvest,
In return for someone regret
Someone-joy in return.
DEFINITION OF A POET
The fire starts a golden song
hums, raising sparks to heaven.
But again and again, roaring, splashing, rebelling,
water rises to cut the fire.
When blizzards rush through the forest
and the snow does not melt in the meadow yet,
snowdrops rebellious bloom -
like blue explosions in the snow.
Rebellion, like life, is endless in the world.
Wherever you appear,
your cry, barely born man,
sounds like a sentence to nothingness.
The Madonna's palm will touch you.
The whole world is before you. Look ~
to the battle with the night again the soldiers of the sun
gather under the banner of dawn.
And if, frowning, a thundercloud
fields and mountains clouded with darkness,
breaking through the cloud with a mutinous thunder,
the world is illuminated by a lightning arrow.
And, awakening angry volcanoes,
a proud soul rebelled in the earth.
On land, in heaven, on oceans
there is no life if there is no rebellion.
I'm sorry for the slave that groans on his knees
tired of hopes and hopes.
But even in the cup of long patience
the rebellion glimmers with fire.
As there is no sea without excitement,
like the sky - without the movement of the planets,
living talent is impossible without rebellion.
And there is no dead talent in the world.
The poet's talent is not a passing cart.
He is merged with the human dream for centuries.
A rebel who goes to death is incorruptible.
The poet dies - the line remains.
And in spite of evil she will sow good.
The defense of the lie will open a gap.
Poet - people fiery heart
and the revolt of his unfulfilled hopes.
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The end of the fifties - the beginning of the sixties of the XX century was marked by a qualitatively new stage in the development of society. The changes that took place in the ideological sphere (the debunking of the Stalin personality cult) led to a serious creative upsurge of a certain part of the creative intelligentsia.
With their work, they formed fundamentally new trends in the development of Russian culture and literature, contributed to the expansion, and sometimes serious loosening of the rigid ideological framework of realism. After a long time, they were the first to abandon embellishment in the depiction of reality, began to write not about external, but about internal, deep processes of the human soul, thereby seriously raising the artistic level of Uzbek literature. Aesthetic traditions of the past and artistic innovative solutions, the experience of oral folk art and stylistic searches of artists are all inherent in the literature of the 60-90s, which is distinguished by a variety of creative individuals, a variety of types and genres. All of them help to delve deeper into life, to comprehend the past as an effective weapon in solving modern problems, and to view the present as the threshold of the future. Themes and conflicts, ideas and images of works created in the second half of the 20th century, vividly and realistically reflect the truth of the past century, which was complex and contradictory in the history of the Uzbek people.
Uzbek literature of the 20th century is characterized by its enrichment with new prose genres. In particular, such a genre of modern prose as the historical novel began to actively develop in Uzbek literature. This genre is relatively young, but it can be noted that certain achievements in this genre are associated mostly with the name of Adyl Yakubov.
The remarkable Uzbek prose writer Adil Yakubov was born in 1926 in the Atabay village of the Turkestan region of the Chimkent (now South Kazakhstan) region of Kazakhstan.
The future People's Writer of Uzbekistan began his labor activity in the Abayevsky general village of Turkestan, served in the ranks of the Armed Forces. In 1955 he moved to Tashkent, where a year later he graduated from the philological faculty of Tashkent State University (now the National University of Uzbekistan) and worked as a consultant for the Union of Writers of Uzbekistan. Later he worked as a correspondent for the Literaturnaya Gazeta in the republic, editor-in-chief of the Uzbekfilm film studio, editor-in-chief of the Cinematography Committee under the Council of Ministers, deputy editor-in-chief of the publishing house of literature and art named after A. Gafur Gulyama, chief editor of the newspaper "Uzbekiston adabieti va sanati", chairman of the Writers' Union of the republic. At present, Adil Yakubov is the chairman of the terminology committee and vice-president of the Assembly of cultural workers of the peoples of Turkestan (the president of the Assembly is Chingiz Aitmatov).
The first major prose work of A. Yakubov - the story "Peers" was published in 1951. In it, the young writer sought to portray characteristic characters, tried to look deeply into their inner world. The writer puts his characters in a position where they constantly have to do things, make choices, and look for the only correct answer. From this, the intrigue of the work attracts and makes the reader empathize with the heroes of Adyl Yakubov. Later, the writer wrote his famous stories and novels, such as "Davron Gaziev - Captain of the Guard", "Mukaddas", "Confusion", "It is not easy to become a man", "The bird is strong with wings", "Conscience" and "Treasures of Ulugbek" and, of course same, numerous stories. These works brought the writer wide recognition and love of readers far beyond the borders of the republic.
Throughout his work, the writer is interested in the behavior of characters in critical situations, when it is necessary to make a vital decision, when their inner essence is manifested. Thus, Adyl Yakubov explores actual situations, new characters in his prose, gives them new artistic solutions.
A number of dramatic works also belong to the writer Adyl Yakubov. His plays "True Love", "Loyalty", "The Heart Should Burn" and others have not lost their relevance today, although they were created several decades ago.
The greatest public resonance at one time was caused by Adyl Yakubov's novel "Conscience" (1977), devoted to topical problems of our time. And this is no coincidence. The novel raises acute, topical problems of our time, problems of conscience.
The scientist Shamuradov is depicted in a confrontation with the pseudo-scientist Vakhid Mirabidov, for whom the truth in science is an empty phrase. The dispute between Shamuradov and his overly zealous opponent is deeply principled. It was not just two different views that collided, but two types of thinking, two different attitudes towards the fundamental interests of the people.
An interesting moral conflict developing in the novel between Shamuradov and his nephew Atakuza Umarov, who heads a large prosperous collective farm.
Attacks are a complex image. This is a person with enviable energy, great organizing abilities. He attracts collective farmers with his ability to work selflessly. But this is a person who suffers from many moral flaws, the main of which is a dormant, lazy conscience. The collapse of Atakuza Umarov is largely due to the fact that he did not listen to the voice of conscience, did not take seriously the words of his wise uncle, who promptly warned his nephew about the danger of the slippery path that he chose in life.
Said Akhmad Khusankhodjaev (born 1920) - People's Writer of Uzbekistan, laureate of the Khamza State Prize, came to literature in the forties as the author of feuilletons, essays and stories. Collaboration in the magazines "Mushtum", "Sharq Yulduzi" contributed to the growth of the writer's skill. Said Ahmad's favorite heroes are ordinary people, contemporaries. The author is primarily interested in the internal motives of the characters' actions, psychologism, and motivation for actions.
Said Ahmad won the greatest recognition and national fame as the author of sparkling funny comedies. The lyrical comedy "Daughters-in-Law Rebellion" was successfully performed on the best theaters in 14 countries of the world. Based on the comedy, two film versions were filmed - domestic and in Laos.
The success of comedy lies in the relevance of the problems posed in it, and in the ambiguity of the characters, their vitality, and in the use of elements of folk theater. The plot, the conflict, the situations described are subordinate to the comedic concept. Among the stylistic features of comedy are elements of artistic exaggeration, allegory, metaphors, the use of folk genre techniques - askia. The author himself argued that in his comedy there are almost no exaggerations, but the ridiculous features of human characters are concentrated.
The beginning of each of the three actions is noteworthy - the appearance of the shoemaker Ust Baki, who tells about the participants in the events, gives them an assessment. Bucky's mouth is also a direct participant in the play. From his story we learn about the inhabitants of the "state within the state" - a family commanded by the "general's wife", "Marshal" Farmon-bibi, mother of seven sons and grandmother of forty-one grandsons.
In the first scene, the youngest daughter-in-law Farmon-bibi Nigora appears and begins to do gymnastics. Farmon-bibi is horrified at the sight of a young daughter-in-law in light sportswear. She puts before her youngest son an almost "Hamlet" question - "mother or wife". This is how the main conflict of the play begins - the struggle for respect for the freedom of the human personality, against ridiculous remnants, slave psychology. The great success of the playwright is that all the characters in the comedy are ambiguous. So, Farmon-bibi, "general's wife", a stingy and domineering lady of a large family, at the same time a loving, caring mother and grandmother, who brings up honesty, hard work and integrity in children and grandchildren.
A special laughing effect is created by the author in the scenes when all the daughters-in-law take up work at once, and the sons disperse in orderly rows to their rooms. However, for all the external similarity (even Farmon-bibi buys the same home clothes for everyone), each of the characters is individualized, easily recognizable.
A remarkable achievement of the playwright is the speech of the characters. She is bright, expressive, filled with soft humor, caustic irony, comic exaggeration, proverbs and sayings. So, characterizing Farmon-bibi, the daughters-in-law claim that even the planes flying over their house turn off their engines so as not to anger the mother-in-law, and the neighbor's rooster stopped screaming in the morning from fear of her.
Under the leadership of Nigora, the daughters-in-law and their husbands show Farmon-bibi the play "Daughters-in-law Rebellion", in which in an acute, parodic form they play out the situation that has developed in their family. Recognizing himself in a wayward malevolent old woman, Farmon-bibi surrenders. The comedy ends with a happy reconciliation of the conflicting parties, a cheerful dance.
Sayyd Ahmad's lyrical comedy "Daughters-in-law Riot" occupies a worthy place among the works of Uzbek drama.
Erkin Vakhidov is a remarkable modern poet. He was born in 1936 in the Altyaryk region of the Fergana region. In 1960 he graduated from the philological faculty of the Tashkent State University (now the National University of Uzbekistan). He began his career as an editor at the Yesh Gvardia publishing house, where he worked for three years (1960-1963). Later, the poet worked in the same publishing house, but already as chief editor (1975-1982). Erkin Vakhidov also worked in the publishing house of literature and art named after. Gafur Gulyam as editor, chief editor (1963-1970), director (1985-1987), was the chief editor of "Yeshlik" magazine (1982-1985).
Since 1990, Erkin Vakhidov has been actively involved in public and state activities. In 1990-1995, as a deputy of the Oliy Kengash, he heads the Committee on Publicity. Since 1995, he has been a deputy of the Oliy Majlis and chairman of the committee on international affairs and inter-parliamentary relations. In these high positions, his talent manifested itself not only as an organizer and creatively working leader, but also as a politician, a person capable of generating ideas, whose intelligence, flexibility in conducting politics contributes to raising the authority of the state.
Currently Erkin Vakhidov is a laureate of the State Prize of Uzbekistan named after Hamza (1983), People's Poet of Uzbekistan (1987), Hero of Uzbekistan (1999).
E. Vakhidov's creative path is also extremely consistent. Erkin Vakhidov began writing poetry early, in the early fifties, when he was still in school. Even then, a talent appeared, which is characteristic only of poets of great talent. And even then E. Vakhidov understood perfectly well that it was necessary to write only about the most intimate and present:
The poet's hot heart is a pomegranate.
Pomegranate fire juice
The poet's sparkling lines burn
In high, cruel tenacity.
He used to not spare his heart
And hot pomegranate juice from it
Everything presses, as if not knowing:
As soon as his cup is full -
And earthly life will end.
From the very beginning of the sixties, Erkin Vakhidov almost every year publishes his poetry collections: "Breath of the Dawn" (1961), "You My Songs" (1962), "Heart and Mind" (1963), "My Star" (1964), " Resonance "(1965)," Lyrics "(1966)," The Sofa of Youth "(1969)," Light "(1970)," Present Youth "(1971).
He seeks to expand the theme of his work, tries himself in different genres - epic, song, journalistic.
These were not just poems by a young poet.
These were artistically mature, sincere poems of a poet whose talent was amazing. An example is the poem "Steel", written in 1959:
She - and took shine and courage,
Hungry cannons
Deadly bass.
Melted into swords from a plow
And exploded with an atomic bomb ...
But she conquered the world
with one pen -
Its subtlest embodiment.
His work immediately became the subject of scientific disputes, various studies, which happens very rarely with the work of young poets.
Noticeable changes are taking place in the character of his poetry.
He is more and more attracted by the sincere and smooth intonation, freed from excessive laconism and abruptness, the manner of confidential, intimate conversation with readers:
I turned pale from the pangs of love,
the tired soul is dark
You shouldn't look in the mirror
It's not his fault.
Erkin Vakhidov's later poetry collections, such as Love (1976), Living Planets (1978), East Coast (1982), Message to Descendants (1983), Insomnia (1985), two volumes of selected works (1986), Kui Avzhida Uzilmasin Tor (1991), The Bitter Truth is Good (1992) and, finally, his four-volume collection of selected works, which was published at the very beginning of the 21st century, gained extremely wide popularity.
The most valuable psychological quality of E. Vakhidov is deep inner democracy, which does not contradict subtle intelligence, but, on the contrary, cement it.
The natural manifestation of democracy is an insatiable curiosity about life. There is no idleness in such curiosity. Its basis is indifference. Close attention to people and situations that can be erased in memory or falsely incarnate if not captured by a direct witness. Interesting is his poem "Ostrich":
He said:
I love peace and work. -
He said:
Yes, full of fuss! -
He told the camels that he was a camel,
And the birds are wary! - what a bird.
Erkin Vakhidov is the author of a number of interesting poems and poetic dramas, among which are such poems as "The Dream of the Earth", "Poem Written in a Tent", "Devotion", "Rise of the Immortals", "The Conqueror and the Barber" and some others ...
Of course, all the work of the remarkable poet Erkin Vakhidov is a precious historical evidence, an artistic document of the era.
How is the talent of a poet, a true poet, a Master measured? By the uncommonness of poetic thinking or the power of generalization, artistry or the ability to adequately reflect life?
And the first, and the second, and the third ... And yet, it seems, something that is given from the Almighty and that cannot be conveyed in words - you need to understand and feel. And it is impossible not to accept this. This is how the work of the outstanding Uzbek poet Abdulla Aripov can be characterized.
Abdulla Aripov was born on March 21, 1941 in the village of Nekuz, Kasan district, Kashkadarya region. The personality and worldview of the young A. Aripova in the main features took shape in the difficult post-war hard times. It was a time when only labor, painstaking and everyday, allowed to survive and withstand.
Since childhood, Abdulla Aripov loved to read a lot. In general, books were his passion. Largely thanks to this, the study of the future poet was easy. He studied with pleasure. The generation of the sixties, to which Aripov belonged, knew all the hardships of a half-starved time, valued time and strove, despite difficulties, to move forward, comprehending life.
In 1958, Abdulla Aripov graduated with honors from high school, and in 1963 - the journalism department of Tashkent State University (now the National University of Uzbekistan). He probably knew from childhood that he would be a poet. He could not imagine himself in any other capacity. Teachers-mentors helped him in this, and they were attentive to the young talent. Among them were such famous scientists as Ozod Sharafuddinov, Mateokub Koshchanov and some others, whom he would later remember with special warmth. Largely thanks to their efforts, a passionate desire to become a poet, to connect his life only with creativity, strengthened in the young poet.
Abdulla Aripov began his career as an editor of the Yosh Guardia publishing house (1963-1969). Then he worked in the publishing house of literature and art. Gafur Gulyam (1969-1974), in the "Sharq Yulduzi" magazine (1974-1976), the Writers 'Union (1976-1982), the chief editor of the "Gulkhan" magazine, the secretary of the Writers' Union, and in recent years has been its Chairman. The poet also heads the Republican Copyright Agency.
From the very beginning of his work, Abdulla Aripov was struck by his fantasy, plasticity of images, extraordinary metaphor. This is observed in almost every poem by A. Aripov:
I don't expect happiness from anyone
And I myself will hardly give happiness to someone.
Not because I'm stingy, just power
I don't have one. I know myself.
Take a look: from the green elm branch
A leaf fell off, died in the prime of life.
Other leaves, seeing this, cry
But no one can help, no.
Hero of Uzbekistan, People's Poet of the Republic Abdulla Aripov is one of the favorite and most popular masters of the Uzbek word, the author of over fifteen original poetry collections, the anthem of the Republic of Uzbekistan. His work is studied in secondary and higher educational institutions. Quite a lot of his poems have been translated into dozens of world languages. Popular Uzbek songs are written on his poems ...
In one of the best poems of Abdulla Aripov "Uzbekistan" there is a line that runs as a refrain through all his work: "Uzbekistan, my Motherland". Yes, the poet's sense of the Motherland is extremely well developed. But thinking about her, Abdulla Aripov boldly oversteps the boundaries of the land where he was born and lives. The homeland for him is the entire globe, which is quite small, but which has shouldered both good and evil, and love, and hatred, and with a heavy burden strives towards the light of happiness. All poetry of Abdulla Aripov is permeated with life-affirming optimism. Moreover, the poet knows how to see and feel life in all its diversity and ambiguity. He understands all the complexity of life, its contradictions, and therefore his poetry lives on, is constantly renewed, like nature itself. Only his love for the Motherland remains unchanged.
There is joy and trouble in life,
But only with you was my heart always
And only to you I did not dare to lie.
I wanted to hug you, but I couldn't,
You are like the sky, like a blade of grass I ...
My shrine, my dear palace,
Motherland-mother, you are my Motherland!
In the poet's work there are no random lines, no borrowings, no obvious influences. The work of Abdulla Aripov is a special phenomenon in Uzbek literature. Indeed, he is an original poet. This refers not so much to the form as to the content of his poems. Many of them are attracted by both the impressive freshness of the poetic word, and the keenly noticed life details, and the original figurative interpretation of both everyday phenomena and folk legends, songs, proverbs and sayings:
Sometimes they do not get tired of repeating:
In proverbs, the people's mind. He is flexible
Listening to them means wisdom to comprehend.
To follow them is not to make mistakes.
Yes, he is flexible ...
Here with foam at the mouth
The man is talking about loyalty to the dog ...
When your dog is like this
And if someone else's - then otherwise !?
In general, in the poet's work, folklore motives are often used, images that are not interpreted by him in the usual traditional sense. Here is how, for example, A. Aripov plays up the famous Uzbek proverb:
The dog barks - the caravan goes
The people have known this for a long time!
But don't count it as an enviable share
Walk all your life - and hear angry barking.
The innovation of Abdulla Aripov's work is not an attempt to break away from tradition. He clearly understands that due to deep and spiritual connections with the past, there is no break and cannot be. There is a continuation, development, but peculiar and even unpredictable. And the poetry of A. Aripov only benefits from this. Here is a small excerpt from the poem "Listening to" Munojat ":
If these strings tell the truth
I heard human screams in them.
No, you are not mother nature's cradle
You are the scaffold, you are heartless executioner!
Through the mist of centuries on sunny days,
The echo of the age came on the strings.
Just an echo. How could they
To endure such a fatal grief!
And here is a small poem "Goldfish", which is one of the programmatic ones in the poet's work, I would like to cite in full:
When a little bit of an egg is left,
She was thrown into our overgrown pond.
Waste fed and splashed
She is in stale, bad water.
What did she see on the unsteady surface?
Grass and leaves, bottom with smelly silt ...
It's a shame to me that the goldfish
The rotten world considers the whole world.
Amazing, isn't it ?! How artistically and subtly expressed is a deep and, at the same time, simple thought.
According to such poems by A. Aripov, one can physically sense an unquenched thirst for a breakthrough to national spirituality. It is felt in everything: in the rhythm, in the vocabulary, in the ways of comprehension, in the desire to write "not about myself." No less vital, for the poet, is the thirst to shout, to reach the ears and consciousness of those people whom he cherishes more than anything in the world, and his love for whom leads him both in life and literary.
The disharmony of life has exacerbated the sense of the unity of man and nature, which permeates all the work of Abdulla Aripov. The lyrical hero's humanism extends to all nature.
Save humanity - it's a gift
It was left to us by our ancestors as an inheritance.
Keep the friendship of swan pairs
And the purity of the soul since barefoot childhood ...
When there is a fire in the forest, they burn at once
And a young maple, and an oak that lived for two centuries ...
Human souls like mother nature
Need human protection!
The poet respects the historical experience of the people, treats it with reverence and care. The historicism of Abdulla Aripov is selective, concrete, organic. This is precisely his dastan (poem) about Amir Timur, one of the best Uzbek dastans on a historical theme. For many years now, this work has not left the stage of the National Theater of Uzbekistan.
Peru A. Aripov also owns the dastans "Avicenna and Death", "The Road to Paradise", which rightfully took a worthy place in the history of Uzbek literature.
Speaking of poetry, one cannot ignore the love lyrics of Abdulla Aripov. And the love lyrics of A. Aripov are also peculiar: it is an experienced, deeply felt, very close:
I don't know anyone in the whole earth
Whose body would be more graceful than yours.
I don't know, in life you will meet someone
But I know you will make him happy.
I don't know how many poems I'll write
But I know
I am ready to swear:
You were born only to
To burn one poet!
The poet continues to work actively and creates wonderful examples of true poetry. After all, he owns the words:
My best days have not yet been lived! ..
This is precisely the whole poet Abdulla Aripov, who does not cease to create, does not cease to take an active life position, does not cease to be necessary and necessary for people, for each individual person.
The flowering of the talent of one of the most gifted Uzbek poets of the late XX-early XXI century. Muhammad Yusuf (1954-2002) fell on the period of revival and formation of a new independent Uzbekistan. His life was short, but his creative path was bright, which can be characterized by the words of Pushkin, said about Byron: "He confessed in his poems, involuntarily, carried away by the delight of poetry."
Muhammad Yusuf entered literature at the end of the seventies and even then they started talking about him as a serious and unusually talented poet who knew how to find unique and memorable images, deeply and in a peculiar way to play in an artistic form the seemingly ordinary events and phenomena of life. In the first period of his work, he was remembered by readers for his poem about the Uzbek skullcap, and then for many years this work was a kind of visiting card of the poet.
In this poem, the poet was sincerely surprised that people stopped wearing a skullcap. Why, the poet wonders, because there are different types of this headdress? Or has it become difficult to wear the national headdress? And he comes to the disappointing conclusion that the point is not that there are no suitable skullcaps, but there are no people left who would be worthy to wear them.
Muhammad Yusuf was born in 1954 in the Kovunchi village of the Markhamat district of the Andijan region in the family of a farmer.
In 1971, after graduating from high school, he entered the Republican Institute of the Russian Language and Literature, after which he worked as an editor in the Society of Book Lovers of Uzbekistan. Then Muhammad Yusuf worked as a correspondent for the "Toshkent Okshomi" newspaper, an editor at the publishing house of literature and art named after. Gafur Gulyama, a correspondent for the Uzbekiston Ovozi newspaper, deputy editor-in-chief of the National Information Agency of Uzbekistan, head of a department in the Tafakkur magazine.
In 1996, the poet went to work at the Writers' Union of Uzbekistan. At first he worked as a literary consultant, and from 1997 until the end of his life - as deputy chairman of the Union of Writers of the Republic of Uzbekistan. In 1998, Muhammad Yusuf was awarded the honorary title of People's Poet of Uzbekistan.
The poet published his first poem in 1976 in the newspaper "Uzbekiston adabieti va sanati". And only nine years later, in 1985, the first poetry collection of the poet "Familiar poplars" was published. In this collection, the poet speaks lyrically and at ease about his thoughts and feelings, about the events of his life. Amazingly, he was very well received by both critics and senior comrades in the poetry workshop. Muhammad Yusuf was generally lucky: at the very beginning of his creative biography, a chance brought the young poet to Erkin Vakhidov, who to a certain extent helped to develop his amazing talent. And in a later period of his life, he was close to Abdulla Aripov. These two prominent contemporary poets played a positive role in the development of the talent of Muhammad Yusuf. Even in their work, one can observe mutual influence and mutual enrichment. For example, one can recall in this connection A. Aripov's poem "The Crowd", ending with the lines:
Why are you silent and blind?
When you become a people, the crowd!
And here is how Muhammad Yusuf's poem "Become the People, People" ends:
The children of an accomplished people are drawn to each other,
Children of a failed people eat each other.
Finally become with dignity and generosity,
Become a people, people, become a people, people ...!
Here you can also recall the Russian poet E. Yevtushenko, who wrote:
Only the one who thinks is the people
The rest is the population.
In the poems of Muhammad Yusuf, Uzbek nature was fully and varied in various images. Everything that he saw and felt was embodied in poetry. And what poetry! There were no verbal adornments or poetic excesses in them. Such a sincere poetic voice was rare for Uzbek literature of the 20th century. Perhaps only Chulpan, Gafur Gulyam and Abdulla Aripov were such deeply national poets.
Familiar poplars. The noise of the ditch.
Turbid water, native water.
Branches of street willows bent ...
I haven't been here for a long time ...
The wooden door will open quietly ...
I am very discreet but
I can burst into tears now -
I haven't been here for a long time ...
At the same time, the poet is often paradoxical. He writes seemingly simple poems, but they are deep and painful:
Mom, why did you give birth to me?
For the Motherland.
Mom, why did you give birth to me?
For your happiness ...
Mom, why did you give birth to me?
From need.
Mom, why did you give birth to me?
Boredom...
Conquered by the freshness, spontaneity, heartfelt sincerity of the poems of Muhammad Yusuf, the sly charm of his poems, the novelty and originality of genre pictures, their truly folk song beginning. The national originality of his poetry, the poet's complete independence from all kinds of influences, contributed to the incredible popularity of the poems of Muhammad Yusuf.
The songs based on his poems began to live their own independent lives, and they were, more than ever, extremely popular. Especially at the beginning of this century, when People's Artist of Uzbekistan Yulduz Usmanova performed several songs based on his poems.
As a poet, Muhammad Yusuf is characterized by an extraordinary versatility in the perception of the world, paradox, ardent responsiveness to every movement of life and an unrestrained flight of fantasy.
I will not write poetry.
I'm just a man now
I begin to live like an ordinary person.
But if the soul demands to write,
At night I will create, and in the morning I will burn!
Muhammad Yusuf seeks to reveal life in its fullness and diversity. Love for him is life itself. Without love, he could not imagine himself either in life or in creativity. That is why almost all of his work is permeated with touching and extremely lyrical lines:
If you come, I will shower the road with flowers,
I compare you with Leili, myself with Majnun,
I would live in this world without knowing parting,
Where should I look to find you ...
And yet, the main theme of his work was love for the Motherland. He always wrote about Uzbekistan: both at the beginning of his creative activity and in the later period of his life.
Although every poet writes about the Motherland, only a few wrote about Uzbekistan in such a bright and peculiar way.
But even so, the poems of Muhammad Yusuf, dedicated to the native side, are distinguished by a special mood, incredible plasticity and bright imagery. Only the most devoted and sincere sons of the Fatherland could love the Motherland as much as Muhammad Yusuf loved it!
This is how he writes about the Motherland in the poem "Uzbekistan".
The days spent with you are a holiday for me,
If I part with you, I miss you.
I bow before those who know you.
I am sorry to those who do not know.
The poet's poems dedicated to the mother are closely related to the theme of the Motherland. These touching and sincere poems not only convey the son's love for his mother, but are addressed to all mothers.
They are filled with special meaning, and the poet sometimes speaks on behalf of a whole generation.
Like any other great poet, Muhammad Yusuf was engaged in translation activities.
He did it selectively and approached the translation quite demanding. Despite the fact that he himself studied translations of the works of great poets, the words of V. Zhukovsky can be fully attributed to his translations: "a prose translator is a slave, a poetry translator is a rival."
It goes without saying that every word, all events of his personal life were poetry for Muhammad Yusuf.
He lived easily and brightly, like a bird, he hovered above the ground.
The poet's life ended early.
As if his creative flight was interrupted on takeoff ...
The only consolation is that a poet of such a scale, such a depth of feelings and thoughts as Muhammad Yusuf left us with his wonderful artistic works, which, no doubt, will have a huge impact on the development of Uzbek poetry in this century.
Control questions and tasks:
1. What is the peculiarity of the Uzbek literature of the XX century?
2. Describe the work of Adyl Yakubov? What is the main theme of his works?
3. What is common and what is the difference between the works of Erkin Vakhidov and Abdulla Aripov?
4. How is the theme of the Motherland covered in the works of E. Vakhidov, A. Aripov, Muhammad Yusuf?
5. What work of A. Aripov is known to all citizens of Uzbekistan?
6. Who else do you know from the modern Uzbek writers? Authors of what works are they?
7. Why are many songs written on the verses of Muhammad Yusuf?
