Interesting spelling. Panov M.V.

2nd ed. - M.: 2010. - 160 p.

The book of the outstanding linguist M.V. Panova tells in an entertaining way “how our writing works”, how spelling is connected with phonetics, and what are the basic principles of spelling in Russian. For senior school age.

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CONTENT
FOREWORD 9
CHAPTER FIRST. PICTURE AND LETTER 12
NO IS? 12
Clear to EVERYONE 18
POT PATTERN 14
AX Letter 15
With SETTINGS 15
SHORILE 15
STILL NOT REAL 16
PICTOGRAPHY TRIUMPHS 17
SPORT AND ICON 17
Spoons and forks 18
ITS DEFECTS ARE NOT SIGNIFICANT 18
By LUNCH 18
CAME HALF-FLUSHED 19
LETTER "YOU" 20
Iripushka had a reason 21
HIEROGLYPHS 22
Own FAMILY 23
TRY WITHOUT NUMBERS 23
CREATOR OF HIEROGLYPHS 23
"AND ETC." 25
TWO STEPS. WHERE IS THE THIRD? 26
WHAT LETTER 26 CAN
CHAPTER TWO. LETTER - SERVANT OF SOUND? 28
AS IF CLEAR 28
NO, UNCLEAR 28
BAD INTERJECTION 29
MET 30
MYUGOLIKI CONSENT 11 30
If you try 31
DEFINITELY FOLLOWING THE SOUND 31
LI many? 32
LET'S SET THOUGHT EXPERIENCE 33
Something WRONG 33
VASILY KIRILLOVICH TREDIAKOVSKY (1703-1768) 34
CHAPTER THREE. A LETTER IS A SERVANT OF A MORPHEME? 35
ESTIMATE 35
IF IN BOTH HANDS SUITCASES 35
SOUNDS IN A MORPHEME ARE EASY 36
For ALL MORPHEMS OR NOT FOR ALL? 37
IT'S FOR EVERYONE 38
Word of the SCIENTIST 39
WORDS INVENTED BY POETS 40
SAMOVAR OF THE HALF 41
THERE IS NOTHING TO CHANGE! 41
WIZARD CHANGES FACE 42
LOSS OF RATE 43
MIKHAIL VASILIEVICH LOMONOSOV (1711-1765) 43
Look BACK 44
KING AGAIN C1\LTAN 45
MAYBE UNTYPICAL? 46
MIKHAIL NIKOLAEVICH PETERSON (1885-1962) 48
UNRESOLVED ISSUE 48
CHAPTER FOUR. LADY OF LETTERS 50
ALTERNATING 50
THEY ARE SO DIFFERENT 51
LIKE STRINGS 52
HALF DICTUATED 53
Position 54
ABOUT THE MUSIC BOX 54
METALS DON'T EXPAND ON FRIDAY? 55
Noz WHITE 56
LITTLE GIANT 57
VOWELS UNDER PRESS 59
SCANDAL! 60
IMPORTANT RESPONSIBILITY 61
SCALES 62
IVAN ALEKSANDROVICH BAUDOUIN DE COURTENAY (1845-1929) 63
"SOUNDS PLAY A ROLE" 63
NADEZHDA IVANOVNA AND THE VANE HOPE 64
THE MAIN CHARACTER OF OUR BOOK 65 APPEARS
LET'S PRETEND THAT THEY ARE NOT 66
PRO CHAMELEONS 66
NAME DISPUT 67
OVERCOME THE COLD 68
THEY LIKE SOMETHING! 68
YOU CAN'T PLEASE ON A HALF 70
NON-POSITIONAL - WHAT ARE THEY? 71
OLD CONFUSION 72
STRONG CH 73
HALF GRUMBLING 74
If the SOUNDS ARE DIFFERENT 75
AND WE WILL COUNT THEM! 76
THEM AS IF 34 76
There are DEFINITELY 34 of them! 78
WHY CAN'T THE SOUNDS OF A LANGUAGE COUNT? 79
ANSWERS MATCHED 79
AGAIN ABOUT HARE 79
Exactly five 80
We SPILLED THE vowels 81
WHY DID THEY MANAGE TO HIDE? 82
Total 82
But HERE 83
"DOKUDOV DIFFERENCE..." 83
Here's to WHAT! 84
WITH STRETCH AND WITHOUT STRETCH 85
That's who COMMANDS THE LETTERS! 86
CHAPTER FIVE. WEAK BUT CLICK 87
MATCH 87
AKIN 87
TWO ROWS CROSSED 88
WHERE CAN YOU MAKE A MISTAKE? 89
ERRORS AND OMISSIONS 90
AN EASY TOOL TO MAKE MISTAKES 91
ERRORS TEACH US 92
WILL NOT HELP 92
FOUR HORSE 93
DOUBT... 94
EXECUTIVE HALF 95
FISHING WOMAN AND FISH 96
DRY, PROTOCOL SUMMARY 97
BTW 97
RUBEN IVANOVICH AVANESOV (1902-1982)
and VLADIMIR NIKOLAEVICH SIDOROV (1903-1968) 98
Though EYEBROWS SHOULD BE LIKE! 99
IRINA SERGEEVNA ILYINSKAYA (1908-1980) 100
DON'T SNOW THE LETTER! 101
UNDOubted Doubtful 102
CHAPTER SIX. WHERE TO DOUBT? 103
CROWD OF STRANGERS? 103
THE ROAD IS ALWAYS THE ONE 104
HALF-FUCKED LOOKING FOR ANOTHER ROAD 104
Five STEPS 105
WORKING ACCORDING TO PLAN 105
TASHCHUG OR TASHCHUG? 105
TEACHER OBEYED 106
WHAT IF YOU FORGET? 107
SAID, YES NOT PROVEN 107
LEVEL GROUND 108
NOT AND NOR 109
ABOUT STRANGE RHYME 110
FROM GRANDMA TO GRANDMA 112
"Down with the GUIDE!" 113
Like a PEA 114
GO IN SHABS 114
You can win BIG 117
PLAYFUL MOOD 117
PRO HORN 118
ONCE AGAIN - STEP 119
USEFUL LOST 120
BATH MAN WITH DRUMMER 121
From a ROW of non OUTCOMING word 122
IT WOULD BE ANOTHER CASE... 123
DANCE IN COUPLES 123
EVERYTHING IS EASIER FOR THE HALF-DONE 124
HALFWAY 125
SPELL PARADE 125
Ring FOR RING... 126
CITIZEN POROZHKOVSKAYA IN THE CITY OF PERETYANUZHSK 127
11SPELLERS 1ST NODUIN 1 28
DMITRY NIKOLAEVICH USHAKOV (1873-1942) 128
CHAPTER SEVEN. OBUSTIVE MINORITY 130
FUCKING ATTACHMENTS 130
DESPITE 131
AGAIN, NATIVE HIEROGLYPHS 131
BEST 132
MAIN - Away 133
HALF GLADING GLADING 134
NOT QUITE LOAFERS 135
ALEXANDER IVANOVICH "GOMSON (1860-1935) 136
STRUGGLE FOR SIMPLE LETTER 137
ROMAN FEDOROVICH BRAPDT (1853-1920) 138
Filipp Fyodorovich FORTUNATOV (1848-1914) 139
Plan- and PLAV- 139
WHAT IS OUR SPELLING? 141
CHAPTER EIGHT. PART-TIME WORK 142
FIGURE OUT! 142
WITH EARRING 142
FIFTEENTH SIGN 144
WE DEVELOPED THE LETTER I 145
ABOUT EMILE ZOL 146
TUTTLE TO TUTTLE 147
GOOD FOX 148
LAZY LETTER 148
YOU CAN'T DO IT 149
LEFT TO RIGHT AND RIGHT Fawn 149
ANOTHER NEEDED LETTER 150
MYSTERIOUS STRANGER 150
NIKOLAI FEOFANOVICH YAKOVLEV (1892-1974) 151
LONELY 152
HALF-DONE SLIGHTLY CHANGED 153
LETTERS GOOD 154
AT UNSPECIFIED PLACE 154
MYSTERIOUS KIDNAPPING 154
INVESTIGATIVE HYPOTHESIS 155
SIMPLE EVIDENCE 155
HIDDEN DOUBLE-VOINTERS 156
P I KLAVKA-SOROKA 156
UNSUCCESSFUL OBJECTION 157
HALF AND WATERMELON 157
FALLED OUT 158
FAREWELL TO THE READER 160

№ 1.

Unstressed vowels in the root, checked by stress.

If the letter causes doubt in you,
You immediately put it under stress.
For example, l And sa in l e su somehow got lost.
V l e s on revenue l And sy a lot l And with appeared.

№ 2.

Unchecked vowels and consonants in the root.

There are words in which letters cannot be replaced.
Emphasis is useless to remember to check them.
You need to remember those words and never confuse.
Do not be lazy to look in the dictionary -
This is your way to literacy.
orange, arena, here
This spelling is.
And in candy hid in piano rolled up.
You go to play basketball, but don't forget about it.
Do not yawn at football, do not lose the letter t.
- Do you remember everything?
-Repeat!
Learn the spelling.

№ 3.

Checked consonants in the root of the word.

"Oak" whether, "year" whether you figure it out
Do not rush to give an answer.
Prove to me first
What will you write at the end.
Oak - oaks, A year - years
We write a letter d Then.
Means request - ask
A walking will walk.
- All clear?
- Repeat!
Learn the spelling.

№ 4.

Unpronounceable consonants at the root of a word.

AND terrible, And dangerous
letter T write wrong.
Everyone known, How lovely
letter T write appropriately.
What about checking?
Notify.
Sad will become - to be sad.
Late - Means be late;
Hello –health want.

№ 5.

Letters and, y, and after hissing.

Letters and, y, a you write, my friend, always.
After all hissing letters:
After and and after sch, after h and after sh.
Pike To more often swam up, miracles: sorrel found.
Squinting began to squeak: wild rose not enough.
Parachute, jury, brochure
write with Yu like a name Yura.

№ 6.

Separating b and b signs.

Nightingales, family, friends
Write b Always.
Announcement, filming, entry
Kommersant write here.
Kommersant do not deprive them prefixes separate.
We write at the root - this rule is a trifle.

№ 7.

Separate writing of prepositions with other words.

We write prefixes together -
That rule is simple
Prepositions are separate
Everyone has known for a long time.
Along the edge roaming wolf
By , you understand, a suggestion.
Will sneak he is in the village
Pro - console. Lucky.
But he did not take the sheep away:
The old dog met the wolf.

From under Houses,
Because of clouds -
Don't forget the dash.

№ 8.

The use of b at the end of nouns after sibilants.

In the women's sort of write boldly b–
Get on with the job.
Don't forget that rye,
Daughter, game, help, thing, speech, lie;
Words like them
love b Always.
But here Ray, And hedgehog, And doctor
Others are required tasks.
b don't write here
Remember the rule quickly.
The masculine gender will not let you down
b save.
We will write: "Because of clouds the last ray came out.
Help came on time
The youth went dancing."

№ 9.

The use of b to indicate the softness of consonants.

Predatory, powerful and cum
b can't write.
Bridge, carnation and glasses
b you don't write.
But cheerleader, casually, let's take
b we will return again

№ 10.

Vowels and consonants in prefixes, except for prefixes on z (s-).

Do you remember that we have
Rule one:
We never change
For-, over-, under-, about-, before -.
Learn all prefixes
Write the words correctly.
Lettering, do, sit,
TV look.

№ 11.

The letters z- and s- are at the end of the prefixes.

From-, whether is-, whether once- And race-?
I will explain to you now.
Write, my friend, you h
Before b, d, e, c, f.
Don't forget about l. about m, and of course the letter h.
Izv twitch, unclench, write a letter h,
But rass vet, is kat, vsp lick only write With.

№12.

The letters -o, -and at the root -lag-, -false-.

If after root -A,
Fundamentally A always write.
suggest, suggest
You must know the rule.
exc oh go in and out lodges it
letter O don't forget here.
- Do you remember everything?
- Repeat.
Learn the spelling

№ 13.

The letters o-a at the root -rast- -ros-.

Under ro sla lilac in the garden,
I'm with races I'm coming to you as a shadow.
Root -grew- fell in love with O,
He is very lucky.
Where there is -st- And -sch-,
Write only letters A.
Bush quickly under races tal,
In the summer he became a cherry.
Exception: sprout
We will write through O.

№ 14.

The letters yo-o after the words hissing at the root.

You want to hiss
letter yo write at the root.
Brush, dandy, acorn, bangs,
Click, clearly, the devil and the bee.
But don't be confused: seam, slum, rustle, chocolate, glutton.
You remember those words once and for all.

№ 15.

The letters s-and after c.

Remember that in the words -tion
We write and I, sweet ya.
Police, police, walkie-talkie, acacia.
And deal with the roots.
Put And hurry up.
Digit gave circus performer,
Scurvy not afraid of a strong man.
But remember the words
And never get confused.
Gypsy With a gypsy friendly.
stand on tiptoe with baby,
Not daring poke on chicken.

№ 16.

Capital letters in proper names.

In Vladivostok I was born,
WITH Sasha made friends at school.
WITH Ivanov we are friends,
It is impossible not to love him.
He gave me a kitten
I called him Sweetie.
All the names of rivers, seas,
Motor ships, ships,
Cities and islands
Own name I
I'm writing in capital letters, my friends.

№ 17.

The letters E and I in the endings of nouns.

We have different cases, but sometimes they are difficult.
Genitive, dative and even prepositional.
E And AND confused, difficult but possible
Parse where E, where AND here, please, look.
At 3rd declension is only a letter AND: thing And, thing And and once again about things And.
But oh sea e in the 2nd (it doesn't get any easier!).
Country, country within country my dear friend lives.

№ 18.

The letters O-E after hissing and C in the endings of nouns and adjectives.

I'm dissatisfied starling,
I'm dissatisfied rook.
letter ABOUT should write,
Do you understand this?
Nose comrade mine
We are for it bird last.
She finally brought
letter E towards the end.
Letter ABOUT under stress,
Letter E without an accent.

№ 19.

Unstressed vowels in the endings of adjectives.

How I went out in the morning air breathe?
early. So we will be the letter AND write.
in the blue (like Ouch?) silver lily of the valley smells fragrant
Do not be lazy question ask to write correctly.

№ 20.

Short adjectives with a sibilant stem.

Powerful, odorous, dense, viscous.
Please: here b don't torment!

№ 21.

Not with verbs.

Didn't know, didn't know, didn't see.
Not, accidentally, did not offend?
Not write separately and tell your neighbor.
I hate, I hate
Here without Not i live Not will.
Because without her
I I'm not standing Nothing

№ 22.

b after verbs hissing in an indefinite form and in the 2nd person singular.

b save don't dare. Why are we talking about this?
The verb has the right to take whatever you want.
But our letter H loves b at all.
Here look: ignite, attract not for long distract,
Bake something and save and then again lie down.
You drawing And eat, With b You live.
At II- same face b write Always

.№ 23.

-tsya and -tsya in verbs.

What to do? Swim, dive, tumble.
Kohl in question b Don't forget about him, weirdo.
But bathes my brother, somersaults soldier,
smiling father: "Tell me the end?"
Well, of course I guessed. That's right: the question was asked.
What is he doing? Laughing, smiling, swearing.
What same does soldier? And the father? And you? And brother?
b do not write here. Do you understand the whole secret?

№ 24.

The letters E-I in the roots with alternation.

If after root A,
Fundamentally AND write then.
Spread, collected,
Locked, unlocked.
And without this letter A
Only e always write.
Spread, locked
Flickered, frozen.

№ 25.

Letters E and I in the endings of verbs I and II of conjugation.

Co. II same with yarn
We'll take it without a doubt
All verbs that -it,
Excluding lay and shave.
And further: watch, offend
hear, see, hate,
drive, breathe, hold, twirl,
and depend and endure.

Entertaining spelling

№ 1.

Unstressed vowels in the root, checked by stress.

If the letter causes doubt in you,
You immediately put it under stress.
For example, l and sa v l e su somehow got lost.
V l e s to the rescue of l and sy a lot of l and s appeared.

№ 2.

Unchecked vowels and consonants in the root.

There are words in which letters cannot be replaced.
Emphasis is useless to remember to check them.
You need to remember those words and never confuse.
Do not be lazy to look in the dictionary -
This is your way to literacy.
orange, arena, here
This spelling is.
And in candy hid, in the piano rolled up.
You go to play basketball, but don't forget about it.
Do not yawn at football, do not lose the letter t.
- Do you remember everything?
-Repeat!
Learn the spelling.

№ 3.

Checked consonants in the root of the word.

“Oak” whether, “year” whether you figure it out
Do not rush to give an answer.
Prove to me first
What will you write at the end.
Oak - oaks, and year - years
We write the letter d then.
Means request - ask
And walking will walk .
- All clear?
- Repeat!
Learn the spelling.

№ 4.

Unpronounceable consonants at the root of a word.

Both terrible and dangerous
letter t write wrong.
Everyone know how lovely
letter t write appropriately.
What about checking?
Notify.
It will become sad - to be sad.
Late means to be late;
Hello - wish you good health.

№ 5.

Letters and, y, and after hissing.

Letters i, u, a you write, my friend, always.
After all hissing letters:
After w and after u, after h and after sh.
Pike swam up to more often, miracles: found sorrel.
Squinting began to squeak: wild rose not enough.
Parachute, jury, brochure
Write with Yu, like the name Yura.

№ 6.

Separating b and b signs.

Nightingales, family, friends
Always write b.
Announcement, filming, entry
Kommersantwrite here.
Do not deprive them, they are prefixes separate.
We write at the root - this rule is a trifle.

№ 7.

Separate writing of prepositions with other words.

We write prefixes together -
That rule is simple
Prepositions are separate
Everyone has known for a long time.
A wolf roams along the edge
By , you understand, a suggestion.
He will sneak into the village -
Pro - console. Lucky.
But he did not take the sheep away:
The old dog met the wolf.

From under the house
Because of clouds -
Don't forget the dash.

№ 8.

The use of b at the end of nouns after sibilants.

In the women's sort of write boldly b –
Get on with the job.
Don't forget that rye,
Daughter, game, help, thing, speech, lie;
Words like them
love b always.
But here's a beam, and a hedgehog, and a doctor
Others require tasks.
b don't write here
Remember the rule quickly.
The masculine gender will not let you down
b save.
We will write: “Because of clouds the last ray came out.
Help came on time
The youth went to dance.

№ 9.

The use of b to indicate the softness of consonants.

Predatory, powerful and cum
b can't write.
Bridge, carnation and glasses
byou don't write.
Butcheerleader, casually, let's take
Let's return again

№ 10.

Vowels and consonants in prefixes, except for prefixes on z (s-).

Do you remember that we have
Rule one:
We never change
For-, over-, under-, about-, before -.
Learn all prefixes
Write the words correctly.
Lettering, do, sit,
Watch TV.

№ 11.

The letters z- and s- are at the end of the prefixes.

From-, whether, is-, whether, times- and dis- ?
I will explain to you now.
Write, my friend, you h
Before b, d, e, c, f.
Don't forget L. pro m, and of course the letter h .
Izv twitch, unclench, write a letter h ,
But dawn, search, wake up lick only write With .

№12.

The letters -o, -and at the root -lag-, -false-.

If after root-A,
At the root a always write.
suggest, suggest
You must know the rule.
exc come to life and lie down
letter o don't forget here.
- Do you remember everything?
- Repeat.
Learn the spelling

№ 13.

The letters o-a at the root -rast- -ros-.

Pod ro sla lilac in the garden,
I'm with races I'm coming to you as a shadow.
Root-ros- fell in love with o ,
He is very lucky.
Where there is-st- and -sh- ,
Write only letters A .
Bush quickly under races tal,
In the summer he became a cherry.
Exception: sprout
We will write through O .

№ 14.

The letters yo-o after the words hissing at the root.

You want to hiss
letter write at the root.
Brush, dandy, acorn, bangs,
Click, clearly, the devil and the bee.
But don't be confused: seam, slum, rustle, chocolate, glutton.
You remember those words once and for all.

№ 15.

The letters s-and after c.

Remember that in the words-tion
We write ia, slasha ya.
Police, police, walkie-talkie, acacia.
And deal with the roots.
Put and hurry up.
The figure was given to the circus performer,
Scurvy not afraid of a strong man.
But remember the words
And never get confused.
Gypsy with a gypsy friendly.
stand on tiptoe with baby,
Not daring poke at the chicken.

№ 16.

Capital letters in proper names.

I was born in Vladivostok
With Sasha made friends at school.
WITH Ivanov we are friends,
It is impossible not to love him.
He gave me a kitten
I called him Sweetie.
All the names of rivers, seas,
Motor ships, ships,
Cities and islands
Own name I
I'm writing in capital letters, my friends.

№ 17.

The letters E and I in the endings of nouns.

We have different cases, but sometimes they are difficult.
Genitive, dative and even prepositional.
E and I confused, difficult but possible
Parse where E, where AND here, please, look.
At 3rd declension is only a letter And: things and, things and and again about things and.
But about the sea in the 2nd (it doesn't get any easier!).
Country, country within countrymy dear friend lives.

№ 18.

The letters O-E after hissing and C in the endings of nouns and adjectives.

I'm dissatisfied with the starling
I am dissatisfied with the rook.
Letter O should write,
Do you understand this?
Nose my friend
We're after the bird last.
She finally brought
letter E towards the end.
Letter ABOUT under stress,
Letter E without accent.

№ 19.

Unstressed vowels in the endings of adjectives.

What morning did I go out to breathe the air?
early. So we will be the letter AND write.
in the blue (like Ouch ?) silver lily of the valley smells fragrant
Do not be lazy question ask to write correctly.

№ 20.

Short adjectives with a sibilant stem.

Powerful, odorous, dense, viscous.
Please: don't torment me here!

№ 21.

Not with verbs.

Didn't know, didn't know, didn't see.
Not, accidentally, did not offend?
Not write separately and tell your neighbor.
I hate, I hate
Here without not I can't live will.
Because without her
I I'm not worth anything

№ 22.

b after verbs hissing in an indefinite form and in the 2nd person singular.

b save don't dare. Why are we talking about this?
The verb has the right to take whatever you want.
But our letter H loves b at all.
Here look:ignite, attract to distract for a while,
Bake something and save it, and then lie down again.
You draw and sing, you live with.
In the 2nd person, always write b

.№ 23.

Tsya and -tsya in verbs.

What to do? Swim, dive, tumble.
Kohl in question b Don't forget about him, weirdo.
But my brother is bathing, the soldier is somersaulting,
smiling father: “Tell me the end?”
Well, of course I guessed. That's right: the question was asked.
What is he doing? Laughing, smiling, swearing.
What same does soldier? And the father? And you? And brother?
b do not write here. Do you understand the whole secret?

№ 24.

The letters E-I in the roots with alternation.

If after root A,
At the root And write then.
Spread, collected,
Locked, unlocked.
And without the letter of this a
Just write always.
Spread, locked
Flickered, frozen.

№ 25.

Letters E and I in the endings of verbs I and II of conjugation.

Ko II with the same yarn
We'll take it without a doubt
All verbs that-it,
Excluding laying and shaving.
And further: watch, offend
hear, see, hate,
drive, breathe, hold, twirl,
and depend and endure.

slide 1

The work was completed by: a student of the 5th "A" class of the MBOU secondary school No. 3 Morozova Anastasia Supervisor: teacher of the Russian language Fokina G.V.
Entertaining spelling

slide 2

slide 3

Plan
Why did I decide to choose this book? MV Panov For whom is it intended? Contents of the book Sections that I liked DN Ushakov Why is this book needed? Resources

slide 5

General information about this book
The book of the outstanding linguist M.V. Panov tells in an entertaining way "how our writing works", how spelling is connected with phonetics and what are the basic principles of spelling in Russian. This book is a fascinating story about how our writing works? On what principles and grounds? Why do we write cow and not carova? The book also contains articles about scientists - linguists, about the emergence of writing, in an entertaining way tells about the amazing country "Spelling" (from other Greek spelling - correct, graph - I write)

slide 6

Mikhail Viktorovich Panov
(21.09.1920-3.11.2001) Russian linguist, literary critic, Doctor of Philology. The author of works on Russian phonetics, spelling and orthoepy, as well as on Russian morphology and syntax, the history of the Russian language, stylistics, Russian poetry ...

Slide 7

The book is addressed
for extracurricular reading of high school students. "Entertaining spelling" - a fun and smart book

Slide 8

What parts does the book consist of?
Preface The first chapter - "The picture and the letter" The second - "The letter is the servant of the sound?" The third - "Letter - the servant of the morpheme?" Fourth - "Lady of Letters"

Slide 9

Section I liked
I liked the first section - "Picture and letter". And I want to talk about it.

Slide 10

The emergence of writing
The Mansi people (who live in the north, between the Ural Range and the Ob) have this type of writing: signs cut down with an ax on trees; usually a story about a hunt. Here are the signs:
letter with an ax

slide 11

Shoril
The Yukaghirs (the people living in the extreme east of Russia) call their picture writing shorile. And that's what they call real letter writing. So, both of them are a letter for them. Look at what shoriles are.

slide 12

Pictogram
The image to use as the symbol. Typically, an icon corresponds to some object and is used to provide more specific information that emphasizes its typical features.

slide 13

Pictography triumphs!
It would seem that the pictography is doomed to death. The alphabetic letter supplanted it. And suddenly in all populous cities - the revival of pictography! Her blossom! Her celebration! Let's take road signs:

Slide 14

"No entry!"
These are all real pictograms. A conditional drawing that is not associated with any language. For example, the sign "Entry is prohibited" (it is simply called a brick). It can be verbally translated like this: “Stop!”, Or: “Turn back,!”, Or: “The passage is closed!”. For a Frenchman, this sign has other, French verbal interpretations. For the Finn, again, their own, and can also be translated in different words. So it's actually a pictogram: it's a drawing that includes a convention that isn't tied to a particular language because it doesn't correspond to a particular word.

slide 15

Sports and pictogram
At international competitions, at the Olympic Games there are people from different countries. And they put up signs like this:

slide 16

Scientists - linguists
Interesting scientific information in the book contains about scientists - linguists who have made a significant contribution to the development of linguistics. One of these scientists was D.N. Ushakov.
The four-volume Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language (1935 - 1940), created under the direction of D.N. Ushakov, became a great event in our culture. It still remains a wonderful treasure trove of the Russian language.

Slide 17

Conclusion
Numerous fragments from "Entertaining Spelling" can be found on the pages of the children's encyclopedia "Linguistics: Russian Language" published by "Avanta +". I believe that this book is needed to enrich knowledge, we learn a lot from it, it is interesting for us to read it and look at the illustrations. I advise all children to read this book, because it makes learning Russian more interesting and exciting.

Slide 18

Slide 19

Resources
Text information - book by M. V. Panov "Entertaining spelling Pictures: http://mama.tomsk.ru/forums/vi http://culture48.ru/events/per http://ka2.ru/nauka/m_panov_1. http://www.labirint.ru/books/1… http://skupiknigi.ru/static-in… http://bag.bigvps.ru/znaki-dor The photos “Letter with an ax” and “Shorile” are taken from books "Entertaining spelling" http://nishamag.tumblr.com/pos... http://withme.pp.ua/bukvy.html

CONTENT

WORD FORMATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 2
Unstressed vowels, checked by stress. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Unchecked unstressed vowels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Alternating vowels at the root of a word. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Spelling of consonants in the root of the word. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Spelling of vowels and consonants in prefixes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Separating b and b. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
The letters O, E, Yo after hissing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Letters Y - And after C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
The letters I, U, A after hissing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .eleven
Spelling POL- with words. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . eleven

MORPHOLOGY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Spelling of adjective endings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Spelling of adjective suffixes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Letters E and I in the endings of verbs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
-TSYA and -TSYA in verbs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
NOT with verbs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Spelling particle WOULD with verbs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
The letter b after hissing and C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Spelling of negative and indefinite pronouns. . . . .18
H and HH in participles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
Spelling of prepositions with words. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Spelling NOT with different parts of speech. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Particles NOT and NI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
Particles WOULD, LI, SAME. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

REFERENCES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

S L O V O O D E R A Z O V A N I E

UNSTRESSED VOVONS CHECKED BY ACCENT

* * *
If the vowel letter raised doubts,
You put her under stress immediately.

* * *
C And we have to stay for a long time
It can be in the city, in the village.
When eating, so as not to choke,
Should be done with the letter E.

(live - chew)

They hurry with E if they know
What is not long before the deadline
S I - teacher often
Speaks at the end of the lesson.

(hurry - sleep)

percussion and unstressed

The conversation takes place in a word between two vowels: Stressed O and O Unstressed.
Of course, - complains Unstressed, - my style is not the same. It's easy to sound in your position. If I were you, I wouldn't sound like that!
“But I’m under stress,” reminds Udarny. - Get stressed - and sound. Who's stopping you?
The unstressed one utters some kind of sound, more reminiscent of A than O, and falls silent.
- So agreed? - Shock is not appeased. - You will become shock, I - unstressed ...
Silent Unstressed. Frowns. He doesn't want to answer. He doesn't want to change. Who wants to put themselves in danger?
(F.Krivin)

Correct the mistakes. Why did they appear?

The boy bared the dog. Mom opened the door. Everyone went down the mountain, and Vitya licked everything.

Why are similar words spelled differently?

village old-timer
Garden collective farm watchman.

Why is the spelling of the word "witness" a historical error?

Answer: the old Russian word "witness" was formed from the verb "lead", which meant "to know". At present, we associate this word not with the verb "know", but with the verb "see"

Examples of the variability of Russian stress over time:

* * *
Toothy Pike came up with an idea
For the cat to take the craft.
(I. Krylov)

* * *
The daylight went out;
Fog fell on the blue evening sea.
(A. Pushkin)

UNCHECKED UNSTRESSED VOWS

Tell me a word

* * *
Is the garden empty?
If it grows there ... (cabbage).
Dig a little under the bush
Look out into the light ... (potatoes).
Who guys don't know
With white-toothed ... (garlic)?
Pick it up in a bowl
Red-cheeked ... (radish).
Found at last
And green ... (Cucumber).

* * *
Lives calmly, not in a hurry,
He carries a shield just in case.
Under it, not knowing fear,
Walking ... (turtle).

* * *
He walks with his head up
Not because an important count,
Not because of a proud disposition,
But because he ... (giraffe).

* * *
The hedgehog has grown ten times
It turned out ... (porcupine).

* * *
A log floats on the river -
Oh, and it's wicked!
For those who fell into the river
The nose will bite off ... (crocodile).

Guess the metagram

* * *
With the letter O circle of friends
Or business people.
With A comes to us in the spring
It's called a seed.
(company - campaign)

Alternating Vowels in the Root of a Word

Puzzles
They grow in summer and fall off in winter.
(Leaves)
They don't sow, they don't plant, they grow themselves.
(Hair)
Who grows upside down?
(Icicle)
Who goes to bed in the fall and gets up in the spring?
(Bear)

* * *
Weirdo Mathematician
Lived in Germany.
He is bread and sausage
Accidentally folded.
Then the result
He put it in his mouth.
That's the way man
Invented a sandwich.
(G.Sapgir)

* * *
There is a suffix in the world - A -,
I am slightly in love with the letter I.
If it rises after the root,
Even on Saturday, even on Tuesday,
At the root we write the letter I -
Take her to class.
If the suffix - A - leaves,
The root will find the letter E.
There is an alternation in the roots,
And examples are optional.
freeze, but freeze
From delight in the circus.
I will choose, but choose
Bagels without holes.

* * *
People write, but time erases
It erases everything that it can erase.
But tell me - if the hearing dies,
Should the sound also die?
(S. Marshak)

* * *
“Mom, I was washing the dishes,” the eldest son said proudly.
- And I wiped it, - added the middle one.
- And I collected and threw away fragments, - said the youngest.
(From "School's Calendar")

SPELLING OF CONSONANTS IN THE ROOT OF THE WORD

* * *
Sometimes in words there are
Terrible consonants.
They don't pronounce
And what to write
It's not clear to you...
To know how to write
We need to change the word
So that behind the sound incomprehensible
The vowel stood.
(Transmission "Baby Monitor").

* * *
The wind ran along the path,
Offered spring earrings.

That earring did not take
And she gave them to the alder.

Alder flaunts in them,
Doesn't even take off at night.
(G. Novitskaya)

* * *
The hostess treated the guest with various dishes.

What word is wrong?
Art, Russification, Renaissance.

SPELLING OF VOUCHES AND CONSONANTS IN PREFACES

Fairy tale
Prefixes lived in one of the cities of the country's word-formation.
I want to talk about two prefixes-sisters PRE- and PRI-.
The prefix PRI- was very kind and affectionate. She wanted to caress everyone, snuggle.
Her sister, the prefix PRE-, was of a completely different character, She persecuted everyone, betrayed, wanted to turn everyone into her slaves.
And then, at the very first meeting, the prefixes began to analyze the behavior of the prefix PRE-. The prefix RAZ- said: “Your mother prefix PEREN- was not as evil as you.” And she added: “Why did you change the word “transfer” into the word “betray”? Aren `t you ashamed?"
The prefix PRE- realized her guilt and began to form good words: clever, amusing, cheerful ...
(And what are the meanings of the prefix PRI-?)

* * *
Not having time to finish the fight,
The cat stuck to the dog
And to the tram at the same moment
The truck stuck.
(B. Zakhoder)

* * *
May no one ever forget
That Z was not and will not be a prefix.
Here, building, health
So as not to damage the meaning
Z cannot be separated in them.

* * *
Deaf sounds are fidgets,
They don't want to live in peace.
They dream of a sonorous neighbor
Stun by all means.
You remember that prefixes
ONCE-, FROM-, WHO-, LOW-, WITHOUT- and THROUGH-
Before deaf consonants
Always change Z to S.
(G. Alexandrova)

SEPARATOR b and b

* * *
A solid sign does not rest:
The prefix with the root separates.

* * *
All around are embraced by fear:
Furious ogre
He announced that he would eat today
Wonderful lunch.

In supernatural anxiety
All beasts take their feet.
Even an inedible hedgehog
He cringed in fear too.

Furious ogre
Ate a bag of candy.
He is an outspoken villain
But he doesn't eat people at all.

Burdock
Nobody grows on the mountain
Angry, disheveled burdock.
Do not take it in a bouquet.
And he doesn't care.
(G. Novitskaya)

* * *
The seal lies all day
And he is not too lazy to lie down.
It's a pity, seal diligence -
Not an example to follow.
(B. Zakhoder)

LETTERS O, E, E AFTER HISTING

* * *
Mommy had a son
Little Bear,
Mother take care of him
Suffer with your son:
Mine it, smooth it
Fur tongue.
(S. Marshak)

* * *
Found in Russian
I have such a word: went.
It was raining,
It was snowing,
Went and just a man
In the morning it was the tenth hour,
There was a cartoon.
He walked for us.
We need to know the word "went"
In the middle Yo write.

Replace combinations of words with one word-synonym

The junction of the sewn pieces of fabric (seams).
Dress smartly (flaunt).
Oak fruit (acorn).
Quiet speech (whisper).
Professional horse rider (jockey).

* * *
Fell asleep in a chamomile every petal.
The sandpiper screams both plaintively and pitifully.
And the firefly hung like a nightlight,
Before the fragrant violet of the night.

Proverbs
From a good tree, good fruit.
The burden is light on someone else's shoulder.
A big ship has a great voyage.

Distinguish homophone words

Burn, arson (verb) - burn, arson (noun);

* * *
I burned my back in the sun
And the third day I treat a burn.

* * *
Nettles are burning in the garden,
New Year's frost burns,
In the summer the sun burns mercilessly,
The mustard plaster burns mercilessly.
(V.Volina)

LETTERS Y - AND AFTER C

* * *
The chicken performed in the circus,
He played the cymbals
Traveled on a motorcycle
And he knew a lot of numbers.

He got out of the cylinder
Carrots and cucumbers.
And only one did not know
Where is I, and where is Y.
(Transmission "Baby Monitor").

* * *
Gypsy on tiptoe
And tsyts chicken says.

LETTERS AND, U, A AFTER HISTING

* * *
In the grass field are good,
And on the river reeds.
Near the field, past the rye
There were prickly hedgehogs.

I put my hands in the water
And I will rinse them in water.

Or I'll light a candle
Or turn on a light bulb.

Mystery
We are similar to each other
If you make faces to me,
I make faces too.
(Reflection in the mirror)

Replace the phrase with one word:

A river that murmurs - a murmuring river
The cow that bellows...
Grandmother who grumbles - ...

SPELLING "SEX -" WITH NOUNS

* * *
Everything is now clear to us
Let's never forget:
The word "POL-" with any consonant
It is always written fluently.

Before L and before a vowel
Before a capital letter
The word "FLOOR" is clear to anyone
Separated by a dash.

M O R F O L O G I A

SPELLING OF ADJECTIVE ENDINGS

* * *
There are no easier rules in the world:
What's in the question is in the answer!

* * *
What day? WARM
Face green.
What a fun day
Light shines in the grove!
(O. Soboleva)

Insert the missing letters

* * *
Little... boy
In a small ... boat
In a small ... the sea floats.
Little...wind
On small ... waves
The boat is propelled forward.
To the little… harbor
In a small ... town
The boy finally arrived.
Little…sail
Launched down the mast
And small ... the fairy tale is over.
(J. Jovanovic-Zmay)

SPELLING OF ADJECTIVE SUFFIXES

* * *
Every gentleman will tell you:
- Two letters H any time
Write in words where -ONN- and -ENN-,
And only windy with one.
The native answered him:
- The base ends at H,
You add the suffix H to it -
With two H you get the word!
And in the suffixes -IN-, -AN- and -YAN-
Write N one, friends!
Only pewter, wooden
And glass is written with two.
(K.Zhukov)

Mystery
Standing in the garden, among the pond
A column of silver water.
(Fountain)

LETTERS E AND AND IN VERB ENDINGS

* * *
I have many friends
I drew them all:
Kolya pricks,
fields flight,
Pasha plows,
Varya cooks,
Light shines,
Valya brings down,
Sonya is sleeping
Katya rolls,
Tonya is sinking.
But I won't let her drown!
I'll draw something.
(G.Komarovsky, G.Ladonshchikova)

Exception verbs of the first conjugation

To the neighbor's chicken
Shave your head clean
Should be on a stool
Lay down two napkins.
(T. Rick)

Exception verbs of the second conjugation

Drive, hold
Watch and see.
breathe, hear
Hate.
And depend, and twirl,
And offend, and endure.
You remember, friends,
You can't hide them on E.
-TSYA and -TSYA IN VERBS

On what features of the Russian pronunciation is the rhyme of V.V. Mayakovsky built?

We are waiting for you, comrade bird,
Why are you not flying?

Is there a spelling in the riddle - TSYA, -TSYA in the verb?

* * *
Along the river, along the water
A string of boats floats.
The ship is ahead
He leads everyone.
(Duck with ducklings)

day riddle

Born from the sun, but afraid of the sun
And lurks behind us all day long...
She runs away from the sun all day.
And the sun does not know what we have (shadow).

Proverbs

With smart to know - mind to gain.
Who loves to work, he does not sit idle.
Know how to err, know how to get better.
Where the song is sung, there is a happy life.
Beauty will take a closer look, and the mind will come in handy.
Without wind, the grass does not sway.

The mouse said to the children:
“I taught the companion to squeak.
If only not to be lazy,
Much can be achieved.”
(G. Novitskaya)

spitting Petrov
And spitting is not bad:
was talented
Camel student.

Toothy, not biting.
(Rake)
They always see each other, but they don't come together.
(ceiling and floor)
They are not angry, but they turn their mustaches; they are not silent, but they will not say a word;
they go, but they will not budge.
(Watch)

* * *
The sorceress is sitting, puffing
To the whole wide world:
The sorceress does not conjure,
And there is no inspiration.

Conjured for dinner
Banana from Africa
And appeared - hello to you! -
Storm from the Arctic.
(M. Bogoroditskaya)

* * *
Do not go and do not go,
Because ice.
But
Great fall!
Why is nobody
Not happy?
(V.Berestov)

NOT WITH VERBS

* * *
A lazy cat does NOT catch mice.
A lazy boy does NOT wash his ears.
A lazy mouse will NOT dig a hole.
A lazy boy does NOT like cleaning.
A lazy fly does NOT want to fly.
A lazy boy does NOT want to read.
(Yu.Moritz)

PARTICLE SPELLING WITH VERBS

* * *
I decided I WOULD...
I would say...
Hurry up...
I WOULD write...
How wonderful is
Subjunctive mood!
Doesn't quarrel, doesn't scream,
Will get into a soft chair
And dreamily murmurs:
"I'd like to learn Turkish...
I would play the piano...
I WOULD eat a carload of cakes
If only B had them!”
(D.Rodari)

* * *
If I were a girl
I WOULD NOT waste time!
I didn't jump on the street
I washed the shirt.
I WOULD wash the floor in the kitchen,
I WOULD sweep the room
I WOULD wash cups, spoons,
I would peel the potatoes myself,
All my own toys
I B put in place!
Why am I not a girl?
I would love to help my mom!
Mom would immediately say:
- You are young
Son!
(E. Uspensky)

lazybones

I WOULD escort my brother
I'm in kindergarten today
Yes, it’s not worth it: it’s in the evening
It will still come back.
I WOULD go for bread
So that grandfather does not complain,
Yes, I think without bread
Lunch is ten times better.
I could wash the spoons
And put the dishes in the cupboard,
But then our cat
There will be nothing to lick.
I do not study for triples,
On the fives I could,
But you can’t - they interfere very much
I have household chores.
(V. Zvyagina)

LETTER b AFTER HISTING AND C

Rustles
You will not know,
Don't understand -
These are the waves
Or rye.
This is the forest
Or reeds
Or from heaven
Silence erupts.
(K.Balmont)

Insert appropriate words

Because of ... the moon appeared. We need more ... a fire. “...-ka dry branches,” said the comrade. The bush was scary... The branches whipped... I had to... eyes. But after a row… the flames shot up.
(Words for reference: clouds, kindle, cut, prickly, backhand, cherish, failures)

Proverbs

Cheap chintz, yes linyuch. The mushroom is old, but the root is fresh. It's good to rest when the work is done. A sleeping cat will not catch a mouse.

Replace adjectives synonymous with stem with sibilant

The air is cool (fresh). The oak is strong (mighty). The harvest is high (good).

Replace verbs with synonymous verbs ending in -ch

The bird waved its wings, covered the whole world with one feather.
(Night)
The grandfather is standing over the water, shaking his beard.
(Reed)
In the summer he goes to the plowman, and in the winter he leaves with a cry.
(Rook)
It turns green for two weeks, it spikes for two weeks, it fades for two weeks, it dries up for two weeks.
(Rye)

* * *
He is very polite
Soft sign.
He does not like arguments and fights.
He is in the word mother and in the word daughter,
And in the quiet lunar word night.
To not upset anyone
He tries to soften things up.
CUT - CUT!
Eat - Eat!
Fix it - Fix it!
So softly asks for a soft sign,
That cannot be denied.
(O. Vysotskaya)

SPELLING OF NEGATIVE AND INDEFINITE PRONOUNS

* * *
Don't write under stress
Search without stress.
When the preposition is inside,
We write not one, but three words.

About nothing

Lived - there was NOTHING
Nothing was skillful
Didn't want anything
Back and forth it went
And I didn't speak to anyone
NO ONE noticed
She considered herself the best.
And NOTHING about it
And say something
Not-
Che–
Go!
(I.Mikhailova)

* * *
Three black dogs were sitting on SOMETHING,
Three black dogs were looking somewhere,
Three black dogs saw SOMETHING
Three black dogs jumped up from SOMETHING
Three black dogs crept up on SOMETHING
Three black dogs are chasing SOMETHING
But SOMEONE was not at all confused,
Dodged SOMETHING and climbed onto SOMETHING.
(A. Khurgin)

H and NN IN PARTICIPLES

Continue the story using participles with the suffixes H and HH

One day the Distracted One did not notice that his door was broken, the lock did not work. For a long time and unsuccessfully he tried to lock the broken door.

Try to come up with an example for this rule.

A well-worn and long worn suit is not at all the same as a worn one.

SPELLING PREPOSITIONS WITH WORDS

They lived in the country of Words prepositions. They were such fighters and bullies that nouns and pronouns did not want to live next to them. They built their houses so far from prepositions that adjectives easily fit between them. Since then, a rule has appeared that prepositions with words are written separately.

What three prepositions are hidden in the word "goat"?
(to, oh, for)

The name of which common tree includes four prepositions?
(pine)

Guess the charades

Dwelling - the first syllable,
Then comes the suggestion
But overall, I'm huge.
And I'm called (home-on)

My first syllable is a preposition
And in the second we will live all summer,
A whole from us and you
Been waiting for an answer for a long time.
(task)

Why are similar words spelled differently?

As a result of the discovery of new evidence in the investigation of the robbery case, a new version arose, which was later confirmed.
He walked without looking at me, and despite the wind, he walked quickly.

SPELLING NOT WITH DIFFERENT PARTS OF SPEECH

* * *
DON'T LEARN, DON'T DO
Don't know, don't rush.
With verbs alone
Do NOT write a part.

NOT with a verb
write separately,
For example, I didn't want to, I didn't know.
Just be aware of the exceptions:
Hated, resented.

They told me to bring
New habits.
Never girls
Pull pigtails!
Never with brother
Fight for dinner!
NO more in class
Talk to your neighbor!
I agree not even
Draw on the map!
I agree not even
Dance on the bench!
But don't you make me
No accusations
Even if I don't
I'll learn my lessons.
(Yu. Vronsky)

* * *
Didn't run, didn't jump,
NOT singing, NOT sad,
Didn't argue, didn't fight
And he didn't break the glass.
DID NOT crawl under the desk,
Didn't throw papers -
And with verbs
Didn't write.

Proverbs

The truth DOES NOT burn in fire and DOES NOT sink in water.
Don't hurry with your tongue, but hurry with your deeds.
DO NOT spit in the well, you will need water to drink.
The one who does NOT do anything does NOT make mistakes.

fix the mistake

Keep water in the sieve.
Cannons are fired at sparrows.
They plow the arable land - they wave their hands.
Tears of grief will help.

Puzzles
In our house under the window
There is a hot accordion:
DOES NOT sing and DOES NOT play -
She warms the house.
(Heating battery)

So that autumn does NOT get wet,
NOT limp from water,
He turned puddles into glass
Made the gardens snowy.
(Freezing)
Always in your mouth and NOT swallowed.
(Language)

* * *
I once visited the country
Where did the NOT particle disappear.
I looked around in bewilderment:
What a ridiculous position!
But all around was quiet,
And everything was a mess
And on the vzrachnoy flowerbed by the booth
Blue forget-me-nots bloomed.
And the weather was fine
And the happy dog ​​walked
And, wagging his tail, clumsily
Puddles ran through.
Meet me without any fear
There was a washed, combed ryakha,
And behind the ryakh on fresh grass
There was a stern dotyopa and a vezha.
And from school, holding hands,
The daughters came out with a dignified step.
And meet everyone early in the morning
Princess Smeyana smiled.
It's a pity that only in a dream
There is a country without a particle NOT.
(Example S. Bondarenko)

PARTICLES NOT AND NOR

Change the text so that a good student turns into a bad student with a NOT particle.

A neat student was going to school. He put a neat diary, wrapped notebooks and textbooks in his briefcase. The boy went to school cheerful. He prepared his homework, and at school he was waiting for good grades.

Proverbs

The cuckoo is NOT a hawk, but the NEUTCH is NOT a master. Where the brave loses, the brave finds. The forest is not high, but protection from the wind. The best of gifts is intelligence, the worst of misfortunes is Ignorance

The steamboat now back, then forward.
And behind him such a smooth surface -
NO wrinkles to be seen.
(Iron)

* * *
The teacher dictated to me
One simple phrase
But unfortunately I didn't read
Never about this.
I just turned the chalk in my hand,
Not finding an answer
NEITHER in thoughts, NOR on the ceiling,
Not in the cracks of the parquet.
I went to the board to answer.
I stood in front of the class
Neither give nor take, nor sit nor stand,
NO fish and NO meat.
Wherever you just look
(That's how it works in life)
Particle NI with union AND
So easy to replace.

PARTICLES WOULD, LI, SAME

* * *
Three sisters lived
Three particles lived.
We pronounce it whole -
Written separately.

There WOULD be a neck, but there would be a collar.
Slander is to the ear what wormwood is to the tongue.
Could you help me?

REFERENCES

Alexandrova G. Entertaining Russian language. Boring textbook. - St. Petersburg: Trigon, 1998.
Brusina A.E. Workbook on the Russian language. 5-7 grades. - St. Petersburg: MIM - EXPRESS, 1997.
Vinogradova L.A. etc. Collection of dictations in the Russian language. 4 - 6 classes. - M., Education, 1973.
Shkatova L.A. Think and answer.

There are also my ideas.