The initial form of verb: rule, definition and search. The initial form of verb: a rule, definition and search which initial form of the word came out

1. Independent parts of speech:

• nouns (see Morphological Norms of Sum.);
• verbs:
• • communion;
  • verbalia;
• adjectives;
• numeral;
• pronouns;
• adveria;

2. Speech parties:

• prepositions;
• unions;
• particles;

3. Interdomitia.

None of the classifications (by the morphological system) of the Russian language do not fall:

• there are no words and no, in case they act as an independent offer.
• introductory words: So, by the way, in the same way, as a separate offer, as well as a number of other words.

Morphological analysis of the existence

• the initial form in the nominative case, the only number (with the exception of nouns used only in multiple number: scissors, etc.);
• own or nominal;
• animated or inanimate;
• genus (m, w, cf.);
• number (units, mn.);
• declination;
• case;
• syntactic role in the proposal.

Morphological Sewing Plan

"Kid drinks milk."

Kid (answering the question of who?) - the name of the noun;

• initial form - kid;
• permanent morphological signs: animated, nominal, concrete, male genus, I -HO decline;
• non-permanent morphological signs: nominative case, single;
• in syntaxially, the sentence performs the role of the subject.

Morphological analysis of the words "milk" (answers the question of whom? What?).

• initial form - milk;
• constant morphological Characteristic of the word: medium kind, inanimate, real, nominal, II decline;
• changeable signs Morphological: accusative case, the only number;
• in the proposal direct addition.

We present another sample, how to make a morphological analysis of the noun, on the basis of a literary source:

"Two ladies ran up to a nuddle and helped him stand up. He began to shoot down the dust from the coat. (Example from:" Protection of Luzin ", Vladimir Nabokov)."

Ladies (who?) - the name of the noun;

• initial form - lady;
• permanent morphological signs: a nominal, animated, concrete, female kind, I decline;
• non-permanent morphological Single characteristics: single, genitive case;
• syntactic role: part of the subject.

Nuzhin (to whom?) - Nouns name;

• initial form - LUZN;
• loyal morphological Characteristic of the word: name your own, animated, concrete, male genus, mixed decline;
• non-permanent morphological signs of a noun: the only number, a dutiful case;

Palm (what?) - the name of the noun;

• initial form - palm;
• permanent morphological signs: female genus, inanimate, nominal, concrete, I decline;
• non-permanent morpho. Signs: The only number, the Certificate case;
• syntactic role in context: addition.

Dust (what?) - noun name;

• initial form - dust;
• major morphological signs: a nominal, real, feminine kind, the only number, an animated is not characterized, III decline (noun with zero ending);
• non-permanent morphological Characteristic of the word: accusative case;
• syntactic role: addition.

(c) coat (where?) - noun;

• initial shape - coat;
• permanent correct morphological Characteristic of the word: inanimate, nominal, concrete, medium kind, unclear;
• morphological signs are non-permanent: the number by the context cannot be determined, the genitive case;
• syntactic role as a member of the sentence: Supplement.

Morphological analysis of adjective

The adjective name is a significant part of speech. Answers questions what? What? What? What kind? and characterizes signs or quality of the subject. Table of morphological signs of the adjective name:

• initial shape in the nominative case, the only number, male race;
• permanent morphological signs of adjectives:
• • discharge, according to the value:
  • • - high-quality (warm, silent);
    • - relative (yesterday, readable);
    • - Pretty (Hare, Mine);
  • the degree of comparison (for high-quality, which have a constant sign);
  • full / brief form (for high-quality, in which this feature is permanent);
• non-permanent morphological signs of adjective:
• • qualitative adjectives change according to the degree of comparison (in comparative degrees Simple shape, in excellent - complicated): Beautiful-beautiful is the most beautiful;
  • full or short shape (only high-quality adjectives);
  • sign of kind (only in the singular);
  • number (consistent with nouns);
  • case (consistent with nouns);
• syntax role in the proposal: The adjective name is the definition or part of the composite name of the facility.

Morphological parsing plan

Example sentences:

Full moon rose over the city.

Full (what?) - The adjective name;

• the initial form is complete;
• permanent morphological signs of the adjective name: high-quality, full form;
• non-permanent morphological characteristic: in a positive (zero) comparison degree, female family (consistent with nouns), nominal case;
• according to syntactic analysis, a minor member of the sentence, performs the role of determination.

Here is another literary excerpt and morphological analysis of the adjective name, in the examples:

The girl was beautiful: slim, thin, blue eyes, like two amazing sapphire, and looked into your soul.

Beautiful (what?) - The name adjective;

• the initial form is beautiful (in this meaning);
• permanent morphological norms: high-quality, short;
• non-permanent signs: a positive degree of comparison, the only number, female;

Slender (what?) - the adjective name;

• the initial form is slim;
• permanent morphological signs: high-quality, complete;
• non-permanent morphological characteristic of the word: full, positive degree of comparison, the only number, female genus, nominative case;
• syntactic role in the sentence: part of the fant.

Thin (what?) - The name is adjective;

• the initial form is thin;
• morphological Permanent Signs: Qualitative, Full;
• non-permanent morphological characteristics of the adjective: positive degree of comparison, the only number, female family, the nominative case;
• syntactic role: part of the fad.

Blue (what?) - the adjective name;

• initial form - blue;
• table of permanent morphological signs of the adjective: qualitative;
• non-permanent morphological characteristics: complete, positive comparison degree, multiple, nominative case;
• syntactic role: definition.

Amazing (what?) Is the adjective name;

• the initial form is amazing;
• permanent signs of morphology: relative, expressive;
• non-permanent morphological attributes: multiple, genitive case;
• syntactic role in the sentence: part of the circumstance.

Morphological signs of verb

According to the morphology of the Russian language, the verb is independent part speech. It can designate an action (walk), property (chromium), attitude (equal), condition (rejoice), sign (whiten, rolling) object. The verbs answer the question of what to do? what to do? what is he doing? what have you been doing? Or what will happen? Different groups of verbal flowform are inherent inhomogeneous morphological characteristics and grammatical signs.

Morphological forms of verbs:

• the initial form of verb is an infinitive. It is also called an indefinite or immutable form of verb. Non-permanent morphological signs are absent;
• hidden (personal and impersonal) forms;
• unqualified forms: involved and ready.

Morphological analysis of verb

• initial form - infinitive;
• permanent morphological signs of verb:
• • transitivity:
  • • transitional (used with noun a vinitive case without an excuse);
    • non-optical (not used with nouns in vinual case without an excuse);
  • return:
  • • returns (IS IS IT, I);
    • non-refundable (no, oh, he);
  • • imperfect (what to do?);
    • perfect (what to do?);
  • conjugation:
  • • I Hiding (Cause-Eat, Causes, Causes, Causes / UT);
    • II Hiding (STO-IS, STO-IT, STO-im, Stro-Ite, ST-YAT / AT);
    • different surgery verbs (want, run);
• non-permanent morphological signs of verb:
• • mood:
  • • reference: What did you do? What did you do? what is he doing? What will make?;
    • conditional: what would you do? What would you do?;
    • mandatory: Do!;
  • time (in the zealing ignition: the past / present / future);
  • face (in the present / future time, expressive and imperative challenge: 1 person: I / we, 2 PERSON: you / you, 3 face: he / they);
  • rod (last time, the only number, expressive and conditional inclination);
  • number;
• syntactic role in the proposal. Infinitive can be any member of the sentence:
• • to be sure to be today a holiday;
  • subject to: to study will always be useful;
  • supplement: All guests asked for it to dance;
  • determination: he had an insurmountable desire to eat;
  • circumstance: I went out to go.

Morphological leasing verb example

To understand the scheme, we will conduct a written writing of the verb morphology on the sentence example:

Raine somehow God sent a piece of cheese ... (Basnya, I. Krylov)

Sent (what did it?) - part of the speech verb;

• initial form - send;
• permanent morphological signs: perfect view, transitional, 1st lining;
• non-permanent morphological characteristic of the verb: the expressive inclination, the last time, the male genus, the only number;

Next online sample morphological parsing verb in the sentence:

What silence, listen.

Listen to (what do you do?) - verb;

• the initial form is to listen;
• morphological Permanent Signs: Perfect View, Earthless, Return, 1st Hiding;
• non-permanent morphological characteristic of the word: imperative inclination, multiple number, 2nd face;
• the syntactic role in the sentence: the failed.

The Morphological Plan of the verb online is free, based on an example of an entire paragraph:

It must be warmed.

Do not, let him know another time how to violate the rules.

What rules?

Wait, then I will say. Has entered! ("Golden Trank", I. Ilf)

Warning (what to do?) - verb;

• initial form - warning;
• morphological signs of verb permanent: perfect species, transitional, non-returnable, 1st lining;
• non-permanent morphology part of speech: infinitive;
• the syntax function in the sentence: an integral part of the tag.

Let him know (what does it do?) - part of the speech verb;

• initial form - know;
• non-permanent verb morphology: imperative inclination, singular number, 3rd face;
• the syntactic role in the sentence: the failed.

Violate (what to do?) - word verb;

• initial form - violate;
• permanent morphological features: imperfect, non-returnable, transitional, 1 loss;
• non-permanent signs of verb: infinitives (initial form);
• syntactic role in the context: part of the fad.

Wait (what do you do?) - part of speech verb;

• initial form - wait;
• permanent morphological features: perfect species, non-returnable, transitional, 1 lingness;
• non-permanent morphological characteristic of the verb: imperative inclination, multiple number, 2nd person;
• the syntactic role in the sentence: the failed.

Entered (what did it go?) - verb;

• initial form - enter;
• permanent morphological signs: perfect species, non-returnable, non-repease, 1 loss;
• non-permanent morphological characteristic of the verb: past time, expressing inclination, the only number, male race;
• the syntactic role in the sentence: the failed.

Let's talk about the initial form of the verb (it is also often called an indefinite, or infinitive). It is necessary to know about it because in the huge design of human knowledge, the initial form of verb is one of the main, carrying elements.

What is the verb

Those who have graduated from school and managed to forget a lot, it is worth reminding: the verb is called a part of speech describing the action. I read, I will go, do, writing, painted, would dream - all these words are verbs that differ only with their signs.

About the verb

In Russian grammar, the verbs have 7 signs: time, view, face, inclination, genus, number, deposit; Often, the symbol is considered as a sign. Not in each case it is legitimate to talk about a separate sign or immediately about all. In particular, for characteristic the absence of a person, and the present, as well as the future, makes a clear conversation about the kind of verb.

Study these signs, their differences from each other, as well as the possibility of hiding it is pointless, without establishing the main thing: what is the initial form of verb. The synonym for this definition is the concept of an uncertain form and the term "infinitives".

Infinitive expresses the verb in the dictionary. This form is not accidentally called the initial - it is really a start for further study of the specified parts of speech. Questions of the initial form of verb - "What to do?" And "What to do?". Examples of infinitive: lie down and forgive, cut and take away, leave and return, call and consider. Well, and now you can talk about the verbs in more detail, considering their distinctive features in more detail.

About face and time

To deal with (3 of them 3) simply, determining who exactly reports the described action. The person reflects the attitude of the process reporting to what is happening. The first single is the actions of the reporting thing: I do, I go. The same thing in the plural is the actions of the group that the reporting: Make, go. The verbs of the second person characterize the actions of the interlocutor of the reporting or group that represents: Do you, go, do, go. The third person, regardless of the number, is the actions of unauthorized persons who do not participate in the dialogue: does, goes, do, go. To understand how to attribute the verb to what the noun or pronoun corresponding to it.

The verb times are characterized by the time when the action described is performed. There are 3 forms of verb, representing the present, past and future. Examples go, do. For the past and future time, similar options: went, did, they will walk, will do.

Important to remember! Initial form The verb is impersonal. The infinitive is also not applicable to the presentation of the face, number, time.

Rod verb and his inclination

Changes in verbs occur not only in terms of numbers, persons or times, but also by childbirth, like nouns. There are three kinds: female, male, medium - to determine belonging to them the verb can also help the pronoun or noun used with it. A sign of the kind of verb is manifested exclusively in the past time and is determined at the end: she went, went, did. The concept of the genus is not applicable.

An important characteristic of the verb is its inclination, which can be an expressive, imperative or conditional. Using describe actions that or ever happened, or currently occur, or will occur. Examples of the zealing went, walks, will walk, did, do, will do. The conditional inclination reports the actions of the desired or those that are possible under certain conditions. In the formation of a conditional inclination, the initial form of the verb is taken as a basis, the suffix "l", as well as the particle "would be". Examples of conditional ignition: would go, did. The verbs are a team, an order, an invitation to action. Examples: do, go, bring! Often, a particle "-" is added to such verbs, which this order will partly softens: do, go, go!

About the types of verb

In its own way, it is possible to attribute perfect and imperfect. The imperfect characterize the action without any indication of its ending, and in the form of an infinitive to them will be applicable to "What to do?" Examples: walk, draw. In perfect form, the same examples will look different: go, draw, because the verbs describe the completed action. The question that can be put to their infinitive is "what to do?".

Most verbs are characterized by both types: draw-draw, burn-burn, eat-eat. However, there are verbs and without a paired form. This, in particular, belongs to "belong" - here is only an imperfect view. Or "find yourself" - this word, on the contrary, can exist only in perfect form. There are also bivide verbs (such refers to "execute") - they combine the values \u200b\u200bof both species. Often, in the case of bivalves, the end of the verbs in the initial form looks like "-" ("Emigrate").

Transition and pledge of verb

Properties such as the transition and pledge of the verb indicate its relationship with other objects. The concept of an adequacy indicates the presence of an object of action. Examples of transition verbs: yes (soup), read (magazine) - Here soup and magazine are objects of action. The uncompressive verb assumes the absence of an application object. Examples of uncomplicated verb - to work, live (a specific object to which this action is applied is not). A special case of non-transparent verbs - return; Here, the generating action at the same time is the one to whom it is directed. In these cases, the initial shape of the verb ends on the "-" - ": swim, laugh, worry.

The pledge of the verb considers the relationship between the subjects and the objects of action. The actual deposit characterizes the active design. For example: Cat ate fish. The cat (subject) accomplished an active action on the object (fish), the pledge of the verb "ate" is valid. The same thought formulated in a different way: the fish was eaten by a cat. This design, in contrast to the previous one, is passive, and because the pledge of the verb in it is a persistent.

And again about infinitive

Knowing characteristic signs verbs, it is worth talking about the infinitive in more detail. How to determine the initial form of the verb? Very easy - ask a question. If you can ask in relation to the action: "What to do?" Or "What to do?", So, the form of the verb describing this action is uncertain. Of all the signs considered infinitive, only the species, as well as such properties as an adequacy and refunds, are inherent.

The formation of an infinitive occurs by adding a shaping suffix to the root of the word. The characteristic suffix in the initial form of the verb is "-th", "", "" - " Examples of infinitive: climb, carry, oven.

About the hardness of verb

The leasing of verb is called its change depending on persons and numbers: I am writing, he writes, we write, etc. Each verb can be attributed to the first or second lining; To know about this accessory is necessary for any particular case to achieve proper writing. Errors in the process of hideings are particularly often occurring in the case of unstressed endings of the verb.

To properly determine the sudium, you need to know which initial form of the verb. The first hide represents all the mentioned parts of the speech with the end of "" - train, inform. To the same solving, a number of verbs belong to the "-et", "", "", "and" shake "and" shave "(the end" ""). The second liner represents all verbs with the end of the "", with the exception of the already mentioned. This also includes individual verbs with the end of the "" - "and" ", if the emphasis falls on them (lying, standing). To second lifting is another part of the verbs (watch, hate, etc.), which cannot be adjusted under some standards - they should be just remembered. Knowledge of the Rules for Hovering Glagols is a guarantee of proper spelling, and just a requirement of literacy. By the way, the infinitive itself does not hide and does not change depending on individuals and numbers.

Verbs in the sentence

The role of these parts of speech in the sentence may be different. Most often, the verb acts as a regular (simple) faithful: "Tole bought bread." There are often cases of a complex verb faith: "Vanya decided to run to the store." The accurate design is in the present case (I decided to run), and the second verb in it is represented by the infinitive. Sometimes the verb can act as an inconsistent definition: "I didn't like the idea to go there" (go there - an inconsistent definition).

Russian in its own way is unique in that it allows and more complex, truly fantastic designs. "We decided to send to go home to buy a drink" - a sentence of 6 verbs, 5 of which are infinitives with a complete meaning and compliance with the rules of grammar. Foreigners cry!

Conclusion

Most linguistic scientists are unanimously in the opinion that the first word spoken by ancient man was verb. It is unlikely that our distant ancestors in those harsh times were needed in the lexicon adjectives for the description of the beauty of the night sky, and most of the nouns could well replace the keyboarding gesture in their direction. But the "Run!" Team, a given to the tribesman, could well save that life, the word "want" and the corresponding movement towards Mammoth Tasca also did not leave doubts about the said. In case of acute necessity, only the verb could well replace all other parts of speech.

By the way, modern approaches to the study foreign languages Also implies the priority study of verbs as the main means of expressing human needs. Naturally, for native speakers, good knowledge of these parts of speech, their signs and properties is necessary. A special role in the study of verbs is infinitive.