"I generally did not teach me to be a queen: my father died too early and it happened so unexpectedly - I had to immediately join in business and at the same time try not to hit the face in the dirt. I had to grow to the position I took. It was fate, she should have taken and not to rapid. I believe that continuity is very important. My job is for life. "
Elizabeth II, Queen of Great Britain

I wonder what it is - to celebrate your birthday now for more than 50 years twice a year? Queen Elizabeth II will be able to answer this question (Queen Elizabeth II), which was born on April 21, 1926 in London, and for many years the day of her birth is celebrated by all the United Kingdom not only on April 21, but also in the 3rd Saturday of June.

The title of her royal majesty in the United Kingdom is so: "Elizabeth Second, God's Grace of the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and other possessions and territories, head of the Commonwealth, defender of faith."

Queen Elizabeth The second rushed to the throne on February 6, 1952, after the death of his father, King George Sixth. Coronation took place on June 2, 1953 in Westminster Abbey. Elizabeth was only 25 years old when she became the queen, and for several decades it remains it.

Birthday every year is magnificently celebrated in Windsor Castle. He begins with walking around the city (if this action, of course, can be called that). The 21 charging salute, which sounds at noon, is defined.

Throughout his reign, the Queen has repeatedly been criticized not only by the British Republicans, but also various British media, as well as a simple public. Nevertheless, Elizabeth II was able to preserve the prestige of the British monarchy, and its popularity in the UK is at the height.

Royal

Elizabeth II (English ELIZABETH II), the full name - Elizabeth Alexander Maria (English. Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; April 21, 1926, London) - Queen of Great Britain from 1952 to the present.

Elizabeth II comes from the Windsor Dynasty. He climbed the throne on February 6, 1952 at the age of 25 after the death of his father King George VI.

It is the head of the British Commonwealth of Nations and, in addition to the UK, Queen 15 independent states: Australia, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Grenada, Canada, New Zealand, Papua - New Guinea, Saint Vincent and Grenadines, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Jamaica. He is also the head of the Anglican Church and the Supreme Commander-in-Chief Armed Forces of Great Britain.

Coat of arms in different period of time and in different countries

Coat of arms Princess Elizabeth (1944-1947)

Coat of arms Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh (1947-1952)

Royal coat of arms in the UK (except Scotland)

Royal coat of arms in Scotland

Royal coat of arms in Canada

The full title of Elizabeth II in the UK sounds like "Her Majesty Elizabeth II, God's grace of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and other kingdoms and territories of Queen, head of the Commonwealth, defender of faith."

During the reign of Elizabeth II in all countries recognizing the British monarch, the laws were adopted, according to which, in each of these countries, the British monarch acts as the head of this particular state, regardless of its titles itself in the UK or in third countries. Accordingly, in all these countries, the Queen title sounds the same way, with the replacement of the state name. In some countries, the words "defender of faith" are excluded from the title. For example, in Australia, the title sounds as follows: "Her Majesty of Elizabeth II, God's grace of Queen of Australia and other kingdoms and territories, head of the Commonwealth."

On the islands of Guernsey and Jersey, Elizabeth II, the title of Duke of Normandsky, on the island of Maine - the title "Lord Mane".

History

Elizabeth II - the oldest in the age of British (English) monarch in history. Currently, it ranks second in history in the duration of stay at the British throne (after Queen Victoria) and also second place in the world in the duration of stay as the head of state among the current heads of states (after the king of Thailand Phuumipon Aduwadta). It is also the most elderly in the world among women-operating heads of states, and in Europe - the oldest operating head of the state.

He is the oldest active monarch in the world from January 24, 2015, after the death of the King of Saudi Arabia Abdullah Ibn Abdul-Aziza Al Saud.

For the period of the board of Elizabeth II, a very wide period of British history falls: the process of decolonization was completed, which was marked by the final decay of the British Empire and its transformation into the Commonwealth of Nations. This period also included many other events, such as a long-term ethnopolitical conflict in Northern Ireland, the Falkland War, War in Iraq and Afghanistan.

Queen Elizabeth II, 1970

Public perception

At the moment, most British are positively assessed by Elizabeth II, as a monarch (about 69% believe that without the monarchy the country would be worse; 60% believe that the monarchy contributes to raising the image of the country abroad and only 22% were against the monarchy).

Despite the positive attitude of the majority of their subjects, the queen for his reign has repeatedly criticized, in particular:

In 1963, when a political crisis arose in Britain, Elizabeth was criticized for the fact that Alexander Douglas-Huym's prime minister had been criticized.
In 1997, for the lack of an instant response to the death of Princess Diana, not only the anger of the British public, but even many large British media (for example, The Guardian) was collapsed.
In 2004, after Elizabeth II on the hunt, the cane scored a pheasant to death, a wave of indignation from environmental organizations on the actions of the monarch swept across the country.

Elizabeth II is the last representative of the so-called "old school" of monarchs: it strictly adheres to age-old traditions and ceremonies and never retreats from the rules of the head of the etiquette. Her Majesty never gives an interview and does not make statements in the press. She is in sight of everyone, but at the same time is the most closed celebrity on the planet.

Childhood

Princess Elizabeth Alexander Maria was born in the London district of Maifer in the residence of Count Strathmore on Breuton Street, house number 17. Now the area is rebuilt, and the house no longer exists, but this place has a memorial plaque. He received his name in honor of Mother (Elizabeth), grandmothers (Maria) and great-grandmothers (Alexander).

Senior daughter Prince Albert, Duke York (future king George VI, 1895-1952) and Lady Elizabeth Bose-Lyon (1900-2002). Her grandfathers and grandmothers: by Father - King Georg V (1865-1936) and Queen Maria, Princess Tekskaya (1867-1953); According to Mother - Claude George Bose-Lyon, Count Strathmore (1855-1944) and Cecilia Nina Bose Lyon (1883-1938).

At the same time, the father insisted that the first name of his daughter was like a duchess. At first, the girl wanted to give the name Victoria, but then changed his mind. Georg V noticed: "Bertie discussed the girl's name with me. He called the three name: Elizabeth, Alexander and Maria. The names are all good, I so said, and I absolutely agree with him about Victoria. It was unnecessary. " The christening Princess Elizabeth took place on May 25 in the chapel of the Buckingham Palace, later destroyed during the war years.

Queen Elizabeth II, 1930

In 1930, the only sister of Elizabeth - Princess Margaret was born.

The future queen received a good home education, mainly humanitarian. She loved horses and horse riding since childhood. As well as from childhood, unlike his more obsolete sister Margaret, possessed truly royal character. In the book-biographies of Elizabeth II, Sarah Bradford is mentioned that the future queen since childhood was a very serious child, who already had a certain understanding of those responsibilities that were legally on her, as the heir of the throne, and a sense of duty. Elizabeth loved his order since childhood, so she, for example, Look to bed, always put slippers near the bed, never allowing himself to scatter things in the room, as inherent in many children. And already being a queen, she always watched unnecessary light in the palace, manually turning the lighting in empty rooms.

Queen Elizabeth II, 1926

Photo 1929, Elizabeth here 3 years

Princess Elizabeth in 1933

King George VI and (1895-1952) and Elizabeth Angela, Duchess York (1900-2002), with a daughter, the future queen - Princess Elizaveta, 1929

Queen with daughters, October 1942

Princess at war

The Second World War began when Elizabeth was 13 years old. October 13, 1940, she first spoke on the radio - with the appeal to children affected by the disasters of war. In 1943, her first independent appearance was held in the public - a visit to the regiment of the Guards Grenadiers. In 1944, it became one of the five "state advisers" (persons with the right to perform the functions of the king in the event of its absence or incapacity). In February 1945 Elizabeth joined the "supporting territorial service" - the female devils of self-defense - and was trained as a mechanic-driver of a sanitary car, having received the military rank of lieutenant. Her military service Five months lasted, which gives reason to consider it the last not retired by the participant of the Second World War (the penultimate was the Pope Benedict XVI, which served as a Zenitchik in the German armed forces).

Princess Elizabeth (left, in military uniform) on the balcony of the Buckingham Palace (left to right) Her mother of Queen Elizabeth, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, King Georg VI and Princess Margaret, May 8, 1945

Wedding

On November 20, 1947, Elizabeth married his distant relative, as she, as she, the great director of Queen Victoria, Prince Philip Mountbetten, the son of the Greek Prince Andrei, who then was an officer of the British Fleet. She met him at the age of 13, when Philip was still a cadet of the Dortmouth Naval School. His spouse becoming her husband, Philip received the title of Duke of Edinburgh.

In November 2007, the Queen and her spouse Duke Edinburgh celebrated the "Diamond Wedding" - the sixtieth anniversary of living together. For the sake of such a case, the Queen allowed himself a small liberty - for one day they retired with his spouse for romantic memories in Malta, where Prince Philip served, and the young princess Elizabeth visited him.

Four children were born in their family: the heir to the throne - the eldest son Charles Philip Arthur Georg, Prince Wales (1948); Princess Anna Elizabeth Alice Louise (1950); Prince Andrew Albert Christian Edward, Duke Yorki (1960), Edward Anthony Richard Louis, Count Wessec (1964).

December 29, 2010 Elizabeth II first became a great-grandmother. On this day, her senior grandson - the Senior Son of the Princess Anna Peter Phillips - and his wives of Canada Otam Kelly was born daughter. The girl has become the 12th in the British Treasury of the Prestaging.

With a newborn prince Charles, December 1948

Coronation and principle

King Georg VI, Father Elizabeth, died on February 6, 1952. Elizabeth, at that time, together with her husband on vacation in Kenya, was proclaimed Queen of Great Britain.

The Coronation Ceremony Elizabeth II was held in Westminster Abbey on June 2, 1953. It was the first coronation of the British monarch broadcasting on television, and, as it is believed, this event has noticeably contributed to the growth of television broadcast.

After that, in 1953-1954. The queen committed a six-month tour of the Commonwealth States, British colonies and other countries of the world. Elizabeth II became the first monarch who visited Australia and New Zealand.

Elizabeth II after coronation in 1953

Queen with its six frames
From left to right:
Lady Moyra Hamilton (now Lady Moyra Campbell), Lady Ann Cox (now Honored Lady Glenconner), Lady Rosemary Spencer Churchill (now Lady Rosemary Muir), Lady Mary Bailey Hamilton (now Lady Mary Russell), Lady Jane Heathcote-Drummond Willoughby (now Baroness de Willoughby de Eresby), Lady Jane Wang Tepest Stuart (now Honorable Lady Rayne)

Young Queen Elizabeth II

The queen began his political activities, which included the opening of the Parliament and the reception of prime ministers. In the fifties of the twentieth century, Elizabeth II and Prince Philip made many visits on the territory of the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth countries.

In the sixties, the British Queen committed his historic visit to the West Berlin in the midst of the Cold War, and also invited the Japanese emperor Hirohito on an official visit to Britain. Despite the troubled social and political situation, she celebrated her silver anniversary in 1977. Celebrations succeeded, thousands of people celebrated the anniversary of Elizabeth II across the country.

Mature years of the reign of Queen Elizabeth II

Five years later, the United Kingdom participated in hostilities against the Falkland Islands, during which Prince Andrew performed duties in the Royal Navy as a pilot of the helicopter. In the eighties of the twentieth century, the first grandchildren of the Queen - Peter and Zara Phillips, the Son and the daughter of Anna, the Royal Princess and Captain Mark Phillips were born.

In 1992, a catastrophe occurred, as a result of which the fire destroyed part of the Windsor Castle. In the same year, the marriages of Prince Charles, Prince Andrew and Princess Anna were dissolved. The queen called 1992 "Terrible Year." In 1996, the marriage of Prince Charles and Princess Diana was terminated. The tragedy followed in 1997, when Diana died in a car accident.

2002 became sad for the English Queen Elizabeth II, because her sister of Princess Margaret died.

Queen Elizabeth II Board

During the reign of the British Queen Elizabeth II in the UK, many changes were made. The Queen successfully fulfills its political duties of the head of state, the head of the Commonwealth of Nations, ceremonial duties, as well as responsibilities for visits within the UK and beyond.

Elizabeth II introduced many reforms to the monarchy. In 1992, she proposed to introduce income taxes and income from capital gains. She opened the official monarch of residences for the people, including the Buckingham Palace and Windsor Castle, in order to finance the content of the royal family.

She supported the abolition of male birthright and the union, which means that now the elder child can inherit the throne, regardless of gender.

In 2012, the English Queen celebrated the sixtieth anniversary of the reign, the celebrations were held throughout the country, which once again demonstrated the love of the British.

English Queen Elizabeth II

The style of the English Queen can be conditionally undressed for two periods: the style of a young queen - the style is conservative and elegant, and the style of an elderly queen, I would call him the style of "cheerful grandmother" or even a "rainbow style", because the incredible number of changing colors in its costumes and hats . However, the English Queen loved always.

Throughout the main elements of the wardrobe of Queen Elizabeth II were: dresses or costumes of medium length, necessarily covering the knee, coats and raincoats of cutting a trapezium, plus dresses in the floor length for solemn events, as well as hats, always in a tone, gloves, closed shoes , brooch on the jacket and the thread of pearls. The British Queen also always preferred short haircuts. Favorite colors - pink, lilac and indigo.

Queen Elizabeth II arrives at the Odeon Cinema cinema, October 31, 1955. (Photo: Monti Fresco / Getty Images)

Queen Elizabeth II becomes after the death of his father in February 1952, and its coronation took place on June 2, 1952. At that time, in the 1940s and the 1950s, the dresses for the princess, and then the Queen Shil Norman Hartnell. And Elizabeth has repeatedly appeared in public in dresses with lush skirts made from Atlas-Dushes or Shelka. The design of its wedding dresses of the ivory and decorated with silver threads also belongs to normal Hartnell, however, like the design of the coronation dresses.

From the mid-1950s and for the 60s for the Queen sew Hardy Emis. It is he who brings the feeling of simplicity in the outfits of the queen, but this simplicity is only external, because it is hidden a very complex cut. He sewed his first dresses for the queen back in 1948, when Elizabeth asked him to create a wardrobe for a trip to Canada.

From the 1970s for Queen, Yang Thomas, in the past, an assistant Norman Hartnell, and now the owner of his own salon. His distinctive feature of the Queen's wardrobe flying chiffon dresses. After his death and up to the end of the 1980s for Queen Elizabeth Sila Maureen Rose from the designer house Jan Thomas.

Since the late 1980s and until the mid-1990s, the wardrobe of the British Queen is replenished with dresses from John Anderson, because after his death, Karl Ludwig cutting his partner is becoming a court designer of the Queen.

Since 2000, Elizabeth II sews the youngest, in age, from the court designers of Her Majesty Stewart Parvin, graduate of the Edinburgh College of Arts. In 2002, his assistant becomes Angela Kelly.

English Queen is 86 years old. But she still steadily fulfills all responsibilities and appears on her and appears in public, always following its style.

Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philipp, Duke Edinburgh, along with his children, Prince Andrew (center), Princess Anna (left) and Charles, Prince Wales near the castle Balmoal in Scotland. Queen Victoria's husband acquired Balmoral Castle in 1846. Queen Victoria often visited Scotland with her family, especially after his husband's death in 1861, and still Balmoal is a favorite holiday destination for the royal family. (Photo Keystone / Getty Images). September 9, 1960.

Hobby

Among the interests of the queen - breeding dogs (among them Cords, spaniels and Labradors), photography, horse riding, as well as travel. Elizabeth II, supporting his prestige of the community of the Commonwealth, very actively travels in their possessions, and also happens in other countries of the world (for example, in 1994 she visited Russia). In her account, more than 325 foreign visits (during his reign of Elizabeth, more than 130 countries visited). Since 2009, he began to engage in gardening. In addition to English, it also fluent in French

Interesting Facts

Elizabeth II does not allow an interview. However, in the press periodically flashes interesting facts about this outstanding woman who allow you to look at the most famous reigning personality from the unexpected side, we chose the most bright, in our opinion, moments.

The celebration of the Royal Birthday in 1981 was overshadowed by an unpleasant event: near the horse, on which Elizabeth sacked, taking the parade, thundered shots, forced to flinch everyone around. The queen, to the entrance of the public, did not even lend an eyebrow and managed to stay in the saddle.

Self-composure was useful for her and a year later, when he waited for the police for a few minutes she had to talk to a madman, who managed to get into the chambers.

In 1945, Elizabeth Alexander Maria Windsor, the future Queen of England, served as a mechanic in the reserve battalion of the British army in the rank of Junior officer. Obviously, the example of "combat" grandmother inspired and young princes William and Harry, who also did not see the military service.

Family values \u200b\u200bfor Elizabeth second is not an empty sound. For the sake of happiness, she stepped through the tough rules and blessed the second marriage of the prince of Wales Charles with a secular lionee Camille Parker Bowl, despite the hype on this.

On April 17, 2013, the Queen was present at the funeral of the British policy for the second time in the entire history of his reign: she said goodbye to Margaret Thatcher.

Despite the solid image, the queen is not alien to female coquetry and little weaknesses. Parapazzi proners have not caught the moment when it is in secular events, without embarrassing the crowds and its high position, publicly corrected makeup. Etiquette with etiquette, and what the real queen should look gorgeous!

The passion of the queen are horses and dogs of the breed of Cuga. In the youth of Elizabeth, he knew perfectly riding, now more attention is paid to charming red dogs, which thanks to her became one of the symbols of the British monarchy.

Elizabeth II by age is the oldest English monarch in history and ranks second in the duration of stay on the Tregon of Great Britain. It is also the most elderly among women - existing heads of various states.

In honor of Elizabeth II, Rosa Rose variety Rosa "Queen Elizabeth" was named.

Films about Elizabeth II

In 2004, Churchill was released: The Hollywood Years - "Churchill goes to war!", Where Elizabeth's role was performed by Niv Campbell.

In 2006, the biographical film "Queen" came out. The role of Queen played actress Helen Mirren. The film is a laureate of the BAFTA Award in the "Best Film" category. Actress Helen Mirren, who performed the main role in the picture, was awarded the Oscar awards, the Golden Globe, BAFTA, as well as the Velpi Cup at the Venetian Film Festival for the best female role. In addition, the film was nominated for the Oscar Award as the "best film".

In 2009, the 4th channel of British television (Channel 4) was filmed by the Queen ("The Queen", Directors Edmund Coulthard, Patrick Rims). Queen at different periods of her life played 5 actresses: Emilia Fox, Samantha Bond, Susan Jameson, Barbara Flynn, Diana Kuep.

On July 27, 2012, the television broadcast of the opening ceremony of the Summer Olympic Games in London began a video involving James Bond (Daniel Craig) and Queen (Kameo). At the end of the roller, they both jump with parachutes from a helicopter over the Olympic Stadium arena. On April 5, 2013, the BAFTA Award was presented for this role, for the best execution of the role of James Bond.

In architecture

In honor of the queen, the Alley of Queen Elizabeth in Esplanade Park in Singapore is named.
The famous Big Ben, the symbol of London, since September 2012 is officially called the "Elizabeth Tower".
In honor of Queen is also named Bridge in Daford, built in 1991.
On August 1, 2013, Olympic Park Elizabeth II was opened in London.

Printermed monuments

Today, August 15, celebrates the 68th birthday. The only daughter of Elizabeth II, Princess Anna, which occupies the 13th place in the queue of the Prestiplotia. We published the facts from the life of her mother and the Father, Prince Philip, Brother, Prince Charles, Daughters District Phillips, nephews - Princes William and Harry - and even their wives - Kate Middleton and Megan Marcle, and the princess itself came across attention. And quite unfair, because her biography is no less interesting and rich in exciting events. What only failed abduction of Anna with the purpose of redemption! Professional rider, participant of the Olympic Games, the most hardworking representative of the monarch of the family, the mother of two children - we suggest to get to know her closer.

Anna was born early in the morning in Clarence House in the 1950s, two years before her mother, the princess Elizabeth, had to become the Queen of Great Britain. She is the only daughter of Elizabeth and Prince Philip and the second child for seniority.

Queen Elizabeth II with daughter Anna and Son Charles

Prince Charles and Princess Anna with the queen's dog. Archival photo provided by Clarence House for a documentary for the anniversary of Charles

Until 1987, Anna wore the title of princesses, and then Elizabeth II gave her an honorary title of royal princess, who traditionally receives the eldest daughter of the ruling monarch.

Princess Anna in Berlin, 1973

Her full title sounds like this: Her Royal Highness of Princess Anna Elizabeth Alice Louise, Royal Princess, Lady of the Noblest Order of Garters, Additional Lady of the Ancient and Noblest Order of the Chertopoloch, Lady of the Great Cross and the Grand Master of the Royal Victorian Order, the lady of the Great Cross of the most honored Order of St. John's Hospital Jerusalem.

Princess Anna, 1968

Participate in the royal commitments of Princess Anna began at 18 years old - in 1969, immediately after graduation. That same year, she went to his first foreign official tour with parents - to Austria. Since then, she has traveled outside of their country at least three times a year and became the first representative of the British Royal Family, who came on an official visit to the USSR in May 1990.

Princess Anna and Queen Elizabeth in Austria, 1969Princess Anna in Moscow, 1990

Princess Anna became the first of the royal family who decided to divorce and the second marriage, since the times of the Great Duchess of Hessian Victoria, the granddaughters of Queen Victoria (by Father) and Emperor Alexander II (by the mother). In 1901, Victoria divorced the cousin by Ernst Ludwig, and in 1905 he was married to the cousin Nikolai II, the Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich.

So, in November 1973, Anna married Captain Mark Phillips - a ceremony took place in Westminster Abbey. In this marriage she had two children: in 1977 Peter Mark Phillips, and in 1981 - Zara Phillips. But in 1989, the couple declared parting.

Wedding Princess Anna and Brand Phillips

The marriage of Anna and Mark was completed in April 1992, and in December of the same year she married the second time - for Commander Timothy Lawrence, only this time the ceremony was much more modest and took place in Church in Scotland, where Second marriage was condescending.

Princess Anna and Timothy Laurence

Princess Anna rarely misses major jumps, and especially Royal Ascot. And all because she herself is a professional rider and earlier took the most active part in various competitions. Thus, in 1971, she won in the individual standings of the European Championship at the equestrian triathlon, and in 1976 struggled for the medal at the Summer Olympic Games in Montreal, and helped her Gudville Horse belonging to Elizabeth II. Now Anna is the President of the British Olympic Association and is part of the International Olympic Committee.

About other representatives of the monators who participated in the Olympic Games can be read.

March 20, 1974 hardly did not become fatal for the whole royal family. That evening a 24-year-old princess tried to kidnap the 26-year-old Yen Ball. His car blocked the path of Anna, on which she and her husband returned from a charity event in the Buckingham Palace. Yen in the blink of an eye jumped out of the car and opened the shooting. He wounded the inspector James Biton, the driver of Anna Alex Callender and Journalist Brian McConella, who followed the princess car and at a dangerous moment tried to defend her.

After that, Yen approached the Anna car and shared his plans with her - he was going to kidnap her, and then demand a redemption from the royal family in the amount of 2-3 million pounds. But not for yourself, but for the needs of the National Health Service. When Jen asked the princess to get out of the car, she answered him with refusal. Here to help arrived former boxer Ron Russell, who accidentally passed by and witnessed what was happening. He burst into the offender from behind, hit him on his head, thus allowing Anne to get out of the car and hide. Later, Ron was awarded the Georgievskaya medal for courage, and he told journalists that at the presentation of Elizabeth II told him:

The medal you get from the hands of the queen, and gratitude - from the heart of a loving mother.

Jena Balla recognized as mentally ill and sentenced to life imprisonment.

Everything happened so quickly, "then recalled in an interview with Princess Anna. - He opened the door of the car and said that I should go with him. I replied that I had a different opinion on this. I tried my best to be polite with him, because it was at least stupid in such a situation. I repeated several times that I would not leave the car. I practically lost all the composure at that moment and understood that if he would force me to go out, I would not avoid him exactly and the response shot.

Princess Anna visited the hospital who defended her inspector James Biton

and Queen Maria (1867-1953), Princess Teksk, - on Father,

Claude George Bose Lion (1855-1944), Count Strathmore and Cecilia Nina Bose-Lyon (1883-1961), - by Mother.

Early years Elizabeth second

1. Queen was born at 2:40 am on April 21, 1926 in the London district of Maifer in the residence of Count Strathmore on Breuton Street, house number 17.

2. She was the first child of the Duke and Duchess York, who later became King Georg VI and Queen Elizabeth.

3. At that time, she was the third in the line of inheritance of the throne after Edward, Prince of Wales (later King Eduard VIII), and her father, Duke York. But no one expected her father to become a king, and even more so she would become a queen.

4. Princess Elizavet was baptized by the names of Alexander and Maria in the chapel of the Buckingham Palace. She was named after the mother, and her two median names - in honor of the father's great-grandmother, Queen Alexandra, and grandmothers on the father's line, Queen Mary.

5. The early years of the princess passed on Piccadilly 145, the London house of her parents, where they moved shortly after her birth, and in the White House in Richmond Park.

6. When she was six years old, her parents received government positions in the Royal House in the Big Windsor Park.

7. Princess Elizabeth received a home education along with the princess Margaret, her younger sister.

8. The training of Elizabeth was personally involved in her father, King Georg, and classes with Henry Martin, Vice-Rector of ITON. The study of religion was engaged in the Archbishop of Canterbury.

9. Princess Elizabeth learned French from French and Belgian governess. This skill served the Queen of a good service, as she personally could take part in a conversation with ambassadors and heads of states from French-speaking countries, as well as when visiting French-speaking areas of Canada.

Princess Elizabeth in 1933

10. Princess Elizabeth became Skapt when she was eleven years old, and then became a naval ringer.

11. In 1940, in the midst of war, the young princesses were moved for their safety in the Windsor Castle, where they spent most of the war years.

1943 with sister

Female Auxiliary Territorial Corps: Princess Elizabeth, 2nd Ober-in ATS, in Specialovka.

Royal Roman

12. The Queen is the first British monarch who celebrated the diamond anniversary.

13. Princess Elizabeth and Prince Philip met at the wedding of Prince Philip's cousin, Princess Marina Greece and the Duke of Kent, who was Uncle Princess Elizabeth, in 1934.

14. The engagement of Princess Elizabeth and Lieutenant Philip Mountbatten was announced on July 9, 1947. Prince Philip at birth received the title of Prince Greece and Denmark. He joined the Navy in 1939 and after the war, in February 1947, received British citizenship. Prince Philip was supposed to choose the name in order to continue his career in the Royal Navy and he took himself the name of British relatives of his mother, Mountbatten. At the wedding, King George VI elevated him to the title of Duke of Edinburgh.

15. Royal wedding rings decorated with platinum and inlated by diamonds Jeweler Philipp Antobus. He used in the decorations of diamonds from the diadems owned by the mother of Prince Philip.

16. Prince Philip had two bachers before the wedding: the first - official in Dorchester, which had invited guests from the press, and the second - with close friends in Belfrey Club.

17. The Queen and Duke Edinburgh married in Westminster Abbey on November 20, 1947 at 11:30 am. The celebration was attended by 2000 guest guests.

Video: "Wedding"

In the same style, bridesmaid dresses were performed. They were sewn from cheaper materials (also acquired by coupons), but at the expense of embroidery and interesting design looked adequately.

Princess Margaret AS A Bridesmaid At Queen Elizabeth's Wedding

Princess Alexandra of Kent As A Bridesmaid at the Queen 'S Wedding

18. Elizabeth had eight bride girlfriends: her royal Highness Princess Margaret, Princess Alexander Kentskaya, Lady Carolina Montagus-Douglas Scott, Lady Mary Cambridge, Lady Elizabeth Lamember, Pamela Mountbatten, Margaret Elfinson, Diana Bowl Lyon.

19. Also at the wedding were present: his Royal Highness Prince William Gloucester (at the age of five) and his Royal Highness Prince Michael Kent (also at the age of five).

20. Queen's wedding dress sewed designer Sir Norman Hartnell.

21. The dress for the dress was specially made by WinterThur Silks Limited in Dunfermlin, in the Kanmore factory. For its manufacture from China, the threads of Chinese tute silkworms were delivered. Located throughout the garlands of Fleur-Drawing flowers (emblem of virginity), jasmine (emblem of happiness, purity, sincerity) and white roses of yorks (white rose means indispensable) were embroidered with small pearls and crystal rhinestones.

22. Fata Queen was made of light transparent fabric and was crowned with a diamond tiara. This diadem (which can be worn as a necklace) was made for Queen Mary in 1919. Diamonds, of which it is made, taken from the necklace and diamers acquired by the Queen Victoria from "Collingwood" and a wedding gift for Queen Mary in 1893. In August 1936, Queen Mary handed over the Queen of Elizabeth to Diadem, when she was still a princess Elizabeth for the future wedding.

Tiara Elizabeth "Look" from the mother. An hour before the celebration in the hands of the bride, Tiara broke down in half and had to wait for the jeweler, who urgently repaired it.

23. The grave of the unknown soldier in the abbey is the only stone that is not covered with a special cover. The day after the wedding of Princess Elizabeth, following the royal tradition, started her mother, sent a wedding bouquet back to the abbey, where the flowers laid on this grave.

24. The wedding ring of the bride was made from the Welly Golden nugget that was sent from the "Clogau St David" mine near the long.

25. About 10,000 congratulatory telegrams were received in the Buckingham Palace, also the royal couple received more than 2,500 wedding gifts from well-wishers around the world.

26. In addition to jewelry, from close relatives, the spouses received a lot of useful things for the kitchen and home, including the salt marsh from the Queen Mother's Bookcase, a bookcase from Queen Mary, and a picnic kit from the princess Margaret.

27. "Wedding Breakfast" (Lunch) was held after the marriage ceremony in Westminster Abbey in the Round Dining Room in the Buckingham Palace. The menu was fillet "de Sole Mountbatten", Pedro Casseroke, Ice Cream "Princess Elizabeth".

28. In his honeymoon, the couple went from Waterloo Station together with the dog Princess - Susan.

29. The newlyweds conducted a wedding night in Hampshire County, in the House of Uncle Prince Philip Count Mountbatten. The second part of the honeymoon was held in Birkholl, in the estate of Balmoral.

30. In early 1948, the pair rented its first family house, Windlun Shem Moore, in Surreye, near Windsor Castle, where they stayed until they moved to Clarence House on July 4, 1949.

31.After marriage to the Princess Elizabeth, Duke Edinburgh continued his maritime career, reaching the title of Lieutenant in the "HMS Magpie" frigate team.

32. Although he was a Queen's husband, Duke Edinburgh was not crowned or anointed at the coronation ceremony in 1953. He first witnessed the respect and brought her oath to Majesty. He kissed the recently crowned queen with the words: "I, Philip, Duke Edinburgh, I will become your vassal in illness and health, I will serve you faith and truth, with honor and respect, until the death of death." God will help me. "

Herbert James Gann Coronation Portrait of Queen Elizabeth II

33. Prince Philip accompanied the Queen for all its trips to the Commonwealth countries and state visits, as well as public events and meetings in all parts of the UK. The first of them was a coronation tour of the Commonwealth from November 1953 to May 1954, in which the couple visited Bermuda, Jamaica, Panama, Fiji, Tonga, New Zealand, Australia, Coconut Islands, Ceylon, Aden, Uganda, Libya, Malta and Gibraltar, having done the distance in 43.618 kilometers.

34. Coronation took place in the Westystster Abbey on June 2, 1953. Harvesting the sacred ceremony headed Jeffrey Fisher, Archbishop Canterbury.

35. Coronation was broadcast in each part of London, on a fleet, in Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales.

Sketch of Norman Hartnell to Coronation Dress Elizabeth II

Coronation dress stitched by designer Normant Hartnell

Joan Heasell. Invitation Prince Charles, 1953

36. Queen and Duke of Edinburgh Philip Four Children: Prince Charles, Prince Wales (born in 1948), Princess Anna, (born in 1950), Prince Andrew, Duke Yorksky (born in 1960) And Prince Edward, Count Wessex (born in 1964).

37. With the birth of Prince Andrew in 1960, the Queen became the first ruling monarch gave birth to a child, since Queen Victoria, whose younger child, Princess Beatrice, was born in 1857.

Prince Charles, Prince Wales (born in 1948)

Princess Anna, (born in 1950)

Queen with the son of Charles and daughter Anna, 1954.

The Queen, The Duke of Edinburgh, The Duke of Cornwall and Princess Anne October 1957

Prince Andrew, Duke Yorksky (born in 1960)

Two younger children of Queen Elizabeth II, Prince Andrew and Eduard.

Prince Edward, Count Wessex (born in 1964)

Prince Edward and Princess Sophie

38. Queen and Duke of Edinburgh Philip Eight Grandchildren -

Peter Phillips (born in 1977),

Zara Phillips (born in 1981),

prince William (born in 1982),

prince Harry (born in 1984),

princess Beatris (born in 1988),

princess Evgenia (born in 1990),

lady Louise Windsor (born in 2003)

and James, Viscount Sertrents (born in 2007),

there is a great-grandfather - Savannah (born in 2011) and great-grandfather Prince George Cambridge (2013)

The Queen and Prince Philip Pose With Their Grandchildren (L-R) William, Harry, Zara and Her Brother Peter (Back Row) in a Warm Portrait Sent Out for Christmas 1987

Speech Queen of England

39. The Queen reports on television Christmas message every year, with the exception of 1969, when she decided that the members of the royal family were on television enough after an unprecedented documentary film about her family. Her greeting took the form of written circulation.

40. In 1991, in his message, the Queen denied rumors about renunciation, as she pledged to continue the service.

41. The Queen issued a prescription against the newspaper "The Sun" in 1992 after she published the full text of her speech two days before the broadcast. She later took apologies and 200 thousand pounds sterling donations for charitable goals.

42. Grandfather of Queen, King Georg V, the first of the royal family spoke for Christmas live on Radio from Sandringham in 1932.

43. Georg V was first against using wireless information transfer devices, but in the end agreed.

44. Christmas broadcast was not in 1936 and 1938.

45. In 2010, the Queen's speech was broadcast from the Hampton Court Palace - a historic building was used for the first time.

46. \u200b\u200bEach speech is written in person by the Queen, each has a strict religious framework, reflects current issues and is often based on its own experience.

Interests and Hobbies

48. Animal amateur since childhood, the queen shows a big and very informed interest in horses. As the owner and breeder of purebred horses, it often comes to watch races to evaluate what her horses in running, and also often visits equestrian competitions.

49. Elizabeth II participated in Derby, one of the classical races in the UK, and the summer race in Ascota, which became the royal since 1911.

50. Queen's horses won jumps on Royal Ascot several times. The double victory was noticed on June 18, 1954, when Landau won the Rous Memorial Stakes, and Herool's stallion won Hardwicke Stakes, and in 1957, the Queen had four winners during the rays.

Zara Philips, Princess An and Elizabeth II

His little grandchildren (Kids Prince Edward) Elizabeth II also encourages hobby.

51. Other interests include nature walks and countryside. Also, the Queen loves to walk with her Labradors who were specifically derived in Sandgrinryme.

52. Less than known Queen's interest to Scottish dance. Every year, during her stay in the castle, Balmoral, the Queen arranges dances, known as "Gillis Balls", for neighbors, property owners, castle employees and local community members.

53. The Queen is the only person in the UK, which can ride without a license or registration number on your car. And she does not have a passport.

54. The Queen is a patron of more than 600 charitable organizations.

55. To officially greet the Queen of Men must slightly incline head, while women make a small renewress. At the Queen's view, the formal appeal "Your Majesty" will correctly, and then "MEM".

Leisure Queen

56. Queen Elizabeth II is a fortieted English monarch, starting from Wilhelm the conqueror.

57. She visited Australia 15 times, in Canada - 23 times, on Jamaica - 6 times and New Zealand - 10 times.

58. Her Majesty sent about 100 thousand telegrams long-livers in the UK and the Commonwealth countries.

59. The queen lunch on 23 ships and communicated with five astronauts in the Buckingham Palace.

60. She made the first flight by plane in July 1945.

61. Her Majesty is the only British monarch in history that can change the spark plugs.

62. For the Victory Day, the Queen and her sister Princess Margaret slipped in the crowd during the celebration.

63. For wedding dresses, the queen collected coupons on clothes.

64. The queen has a bank account in the bank "Coutts & Co.".

65. The Queen noted his golden anniversary in 2002, visiting 70 cities and towns throughout the UK.

66. Tony Blair was the first prime minister who was born during her rule, for which nine prime ministers had changed before him.

67. The queen was present at 91 state banquet and posed for 139 official portraits.

68. Formally, the Queen of England still owns sturgeon, whales and dolphins in water throughout the UK, which are recognized as "Royal Fish". In addition, she owns all wild flocks of swans living in open water.

69. The Queen brought the new breed of dogs, known as "Dorgi", when one of the corgi was tied with the Pipkin's taxi.

70. The Queen is the first British monarch, who saw three divorces of children.

71. Her Majesty lowered the Lacey for the filing of whiskey her corgi.

72. The Queen has nine royal troons: one - in the House of Lords, two - in Westminster Abbey and six - in the throne hall of the Buckingham Palace.

73. She is the patron saint of the Royal Association of Pigeon Racing. One of the queen birds is called Sandringem Lightning.

74. During the rule of the queen, six Archbishops of Canterbury was changed.

75. Queen's growth is 5 feet 4 inches or 160 centimeters.

Original entries and comments on

Elizabeth II (Elizabeth II), the full name - Elizabeth Alexander Maria (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary). Born on April 21, 1926 in London. Queen of Great Britain since 1952.

He climbed the throne on February 6, 1952 at the age of twenty-five, after the death of his father, King George VI. It is among all monarchs in the history of Great Britain.

The oldest British (English) monarch in history.

She also ranks second in the world in the duration of stay as the head of state among all the current heads of states (after the King of Thailand Phuumipon Aduwadet). It is the most elderly in the world among women - existing heads of states, and in Europe - the most elderly chapter state.

He is the oldest active monarch in the world from January 24, 2015, after the death of the King of Saudi Arabia Abdullah Ibn Abdul-Aziza Al Saud.

Comes from the Windsor Dynasty.

It is the head of the British Commonwealth of Nations and, in addition to the UK, the queen of fifteen independent states: Australia, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Grenada, Canada, New Zealand, Papua - New Guinea, Saint Vincent and Grenadines, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Jamaica.

He is also the head of the Anglican Church and the Supreme Commander Armed Forces UK.

Queen of Great Britain

The christening Princess Elizabeth took place on May 25 in the chapel of the Buckingham Palace, later destroyed during the war years.

In 1930, the only sister of Elizabeth - Princess Margaret was born.

Got a good home education, mainly a humanitarian orientation - studied the history of the Constitution, legal state, religious science, art history, and also (in fact independently) french.

From the young years I was interested in horses and was engaged in horse riding. For this hobby, it is true for many decades.

At the birth of Elizabeth, the princess of Yorkskaya was the third in the line of inheritance of the throne after his uncle Edward, Prince of Wales (the future king Edward VIII) and the Father. Since the prince of Edward was young enough and, as it was believed, was to marry and raise children, originally, Elizabeth was not considered as a real candidate for the throne.

However, Edward was forced to renounce the throne after Eleven months after the death of George V in 1936. The King was the prince Albert (Georg VI), and the 10-year-old Elizabeth became the heiress of the throne and moved with his parents from Kensington to the Buckingham Palace. At the same time it remained in the role "Heir Presumptive" ("The Estimated Heir"), and in the case of the birth of George Vi the Son of the throne would be inherited.

Second world War Began when Elizabeth was 13 years old.

October 13, 1940, she first spoke on the radio - with the appeal to children affected by the disasters of war.

In 1943, her first independent appearance was held in the public - a visit to the regiment of the Guards Grenadiers.

In 1944, it became one of the five "state advisers" (persons with the right to perform the functions of the king in the event of its absence or incapacity).

In February 1945 Elizabeth joined the "supporting territorial service" - the female devils of self-defense - and was trained as a mechanic-driver of a sanitary car, having received the military rank of lieutenant. Her military service lasted five months, which gives grounds to consider it the last not yet retired by the participant of World War II (the Pope Benedict XVI was the penultimate, which served as a Zenitichik in the German armed forces).

In 1947, Elizabeth accompanied his parents on the trip in South Africa and on the day of his 21st anniversary spoke on the radio with a solemn promise to devote their lives by the service of the British Empire.

King Georg VI, Father Elizabeth, died on February 6, 1952. Elizabeth, at that time, together with her husband on vacation in Kenya, was proclaimed Queen of Great Britain.

Coronation Elizabeth II.

The full title of Elizabeth II in the UK sounds like "Her Majesty Elizabeth II, God's grace of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and other kingdoms and territories of Queen, head of the Commonwealth, Defender of Faith".

After that, in 1953-1954. The queen committed a six-month tour of the Commonwealth States, British colonies and other countries of the world.

Elizabeth II became the first monarch who visited Australia and New Zealand.

In 1957, after the resignation of the Prime Minister Sir Anthony, Incen, due to the lack of a clear rule of the leader's choice in a conservative party, Elizabeth II had to appoint a new chapter of the government from among the conservatives. After consulting with prominent members of the Party and Ex-Prime Minister Churchill, the head of the government was appointed 63-year-old Harold McMilllan.

In the same year Elizabeth first made visits to the United States and Canada as the Queen of Canada. Also first made a session of the UN General Assembly. Present at the opening of the session of the Canadian Parliament (for the first time in history with the participation of the British Monarch). He continued his journeys in 1961, when he made visits to Cyprus, in Vatican, India, Pakistan, Nepal, Iran, as well as Ghana.

In 1963, after the resignation of Prime Minister McMill, on his advice Elizabeth appointed Alexander Douglas Hume Prime Minister.

In 1976, Elizabeth II solemnly opened (like the Queen of Canada) XXI Olympic Games in Montreale.

In 1977, he became an important date for the queen - the 25th anniversary of the stay of Elizabeth II was noted at the British throne, in honor of which many solemn enterprises were conducted in the Commonwealth countries.

In the late 1970s - early 1980s a number of attempts were performed on the royal family.. In particular, in 1979, there was a murder of the terrorists of the "Temporary Irish Republican Army" Uncle Prince Philip (Queen's husband) - an influential statesman and the leadership of Lord Louis Mountbatten. And in 1981 there was a unsuccessful attempt on Elizabeth II itself during a military parade in honor of the celebration of the "official birthday" of the Queen.

In 1981, a wedding of Son Elizabeth II Prince Charles and, who later becomes a big problem for the royal family.

At this time in 1982, as a result of changes in the Constitution of Canada, the British Parliament has lost a role in Canadian affairs, but the British Queen still remained the head of the Canadian state. In the same year, the first time for the last 450 years of the Roman Pope John Paul II in the UK (Queen, which is the head of the Anglican Church, took him personally).

In 1991, Elizabeth became the first British monarch speaking at a joint session of the US Congress Chambers.

1992 became the "terrible year", by definition of Elizabeth II itself. Two of the four children of Queen - Prince Andrew and Princess Anna - divorced with her spouses, Prince Charles broke up with a princess Diana, Windsor Castle suffered a lot from the fire, introduced the duty for the Queen to pay income tax, the financing of the royal yard was noticeably reduced.

In 1996, at the insistence of the queen, a formal divorce between Prince Charles and Princess Diana was signed.

A year later, in 1997, the tragic death of Princess Diana in a car accident in Paris, which shocked not only the royal family, but also millions of ordinary Britons. For the restraint and lack of any reaction to the death of ex-daughter-in-law, critical comments immediately fell into the Queen.

In 2002, solemn events were held in honor of the 50th anniversary of the residence of Elizabeth II at the British Prerest (Golden Anniversary). But in the same year, the death of the queen's sister - Princess Margaret and Queen-Mother's princess - Queen Elizabeth.

In 2008, for the first time in History, the Anglican Church, the head of which Elizabeth, held a worship in the Great Thursday, in which the reigning monarch traditionally participates, outside of England or Wales - in the Cathedral of St. Patricks in Arma in Northern Ireland.

In 2010, a second time he made a meeting at the UN General Assembly. Representing the Queen, UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon called it a "saving anchor of our era."

In 2011, the first state visit of the British Monarch in independent Ireland took place. In the same year, the wedding of Prince William (grandson of Elizabeth II) and Catherine Middleton took place.

In 2012, the XXX Olympic Games in London were held, solemnly open by Elizabeth II, and a new law was approved, changing the procedure for the preclusion, according to which men-heirs lose their priority over women.

In 2012 in the UK and other countries, a 60-year-old ("diamond") jubilee of Elizabeth II on the throne was solemnly celebrated. On June 3, a solemn water parade of more than a thousand ships and boats took place at Thames. It is believed that this is the most ambitious river procession in history. June 4, 2012 A concert with the participation of such stars of British and world music was held on the square in front of the Buckingham Palace as Paul McCartney, Robbie Williams, Cliff Richard, Elton John, Grace Jones, Stevie Wonder, Annie Lennox, Tom Jones and others. The organizer of the evening was the soloist of the Take That Gary Barlow group.

In 2013, Elizabeth II for the first time in 40 years old refused to go to the summit of the heads of the British Commonwealth countries, passing in Sri Lanka. Britain at the summit was represented by Prince Charles, which testifies to the gradual transfer of the powers of Elizabeth Son.

Since 2009, he began to engage in gardening.

In addition to English, it also fluent in French.

Growth of Elizabeth II: 163 centimeters

Personal life Elizabeth II:

In 1947, at the age of 21, Maruntbetten was married (born on June 10, 1921) - an officer of the British fleet, a member of the Greek (Son of the Greek Prince Andrei) and the Danish Royal Families and the Rights of Queen Victoria.

They met in 1934, and loved each other, as it is believed after visiting Elizabeth in 1939 naval college In Dartmouth, where Philip learned.

Becoming the spouse Princess, Philip received the title of Duke Edinburgh.

A year after the wedding - in 1948 - Elizabeth and Philip had a senior son. And on August 15, 1950 - Daughter, Princess Anna.

Elizabeth II and Philip Mountbetten

In 1960, the Queen was born the second son - Prince Andrew. In 1964 she gave birth to the Third Son - Prince Edward.

Children Elizabeth II:

Born on November 14, 1948. July 29, 1981 married Lady Diana Spencer. On August 28, 1996, the pair was divorced. They born two sons:, Duke Cambridge and Welsh.

Prince William, married, two children: Prince George Cambridge and Princess Charlotte Cambridge.

Princess Anna, "Princess Royal Blood" ("Princess Royal") - Born on August 15, 1950. It was married to Mark Phillips from November 14, 1973 to April 28, 1992 (divorce decorated). Two children were born in a couple: Peter Phillips and Zara Phillips.

Prince Andrew, Duke York - Born February 19, 1960. He was married to Sara Ferguson in the period July 23, 1986 - May 30, 1996 (divorce decorated). Two daughters were born: Princess Beatris York and Princess Evgenia (Eugene) Yorkskaya.

Prince Edward, Count Wessec - Born on March 10, 1964. Married to Sophie Ris-Jones (the wedding took place on June 19, 1999). Couple has two children: Lady Louise Windsor and James, Viscount Severn.

The role of Elizabeth II in the political and public life of Great Britain:

In accordance with the British tradition of the parliamentary monarchy, Elizabeth II performs mainly executive functions, practically without affecting the country's office. However, during his reign, it successfully supports the authority of the British monarchy. Its responsibilities include visiting various countries with diplomatic visits, receiving ambassadors, meetings with high-ranking states (especially with the Prime Minister), reading annual Messages to Parliament, presentation of awards, dedication to knights, etc.

The Queen also browsing the basic newspapers daily and responds with servants for some letters that they are sent in huge quantities (200-300 pcs. Daily).

Throughout his stay on the throne, the queen supported correct relations with all the prime ministers. At the same time, she always remained faithful to the tradition of the English kings of the newest time - to be above the political fights. As a constitutional monarch, Elizabeth II should not express its political sympathy or antipathy. She always fulfilled this rule, acting nonpuns - therefore her political views remain unknown.

Three times during their reign of the queen had constitutional problems with the formation of the British government.

In 1957 and in 1963, in the absence of a clear mechanism for the election of the leader in a conservative party, it was the Queen who was to decide who to entrust the formation of the government after Anthony's resignation is IDEN and Harold McMill.

In 1957, Anthony Eden refused to advise the Queen to appoint it to his successor, and she appealed for advice to the only of the conservative premiers (on the precedent, followed by Andrew Bonar Low in 1923. King Georg V was consulted With the father of Lord Solisbury and the former Prime Minister Artur Balfour).

In 1963, Harold McMillan himself advised himself to appoint Douglas Houm to his successor. And in 1974, after the resignation of Edward Hita as a result of an unclear outcome of the election, Elizabeth II appointed Prime Minister of the opposition of Harold Wilson.

In all these cases, the Queen operated according to the British constitutional tradition, according to which it should not make any important decisions without the Council of His ministers and secret advisors.

In addition, the British premieres meet with the Queen every week. The queen is more aware of most questions than it seems at first glance. In addition, the Queen has regular meetings with other ministers and the premieres of the Commonwealth states when they are in the UK on a visit. Also, during his stay in Scotland, it meets with the first Minister of Scotland. The ministry and diplomatic missions of the United Kingdom send it regular reports.

Although it is accepted that the Queen does not interfere in politics, but due to the fact that for his long-term government, it had the opportunity to work with many premieres and leaders of other countries, to its advice always relate carefully. In his memoirs, she wrote about their weekly meetings with Queen Elizabeth: "Everyone who thinks that they are [meetings] - simple formality or social conventionity is deeply mistaken. In fact, they are in a relaxed business atmosphere, and her majesty always demonstrates its ability to cover a wide range of problems and its great experience".

Elizabeth II is actively engaged in charity and public activities. Britain's Queen is a trustee of more than 600 different public and charitable organizations.

In addition to the responsibilities of Elizabeth II, also has certain inalienable rights as a monarchine (royal prerogatives). For example, she can dissolve the parliament, reject the candidacy of the Prime Minister (which seems to it inappropriate) and so on.

Financial costs for the queen:

So, according to the data from the Buckingham Palace, in 2008-2009 the fiscal year for the maintenance of the monarchy, each British spent 1 dollar 14 cents, which in total was $ 68.5 million.

In 2010-2011, in view of the new economic program of the government, the Queen was forced to reduce its expenses to $ 51.7 million.

Since 2012, Elizabeth's revenues began to rise again (with an approximate speed of 5% per year).

Such figures cause dissatisfaction with the republican-configured part of the UK population, which considers it necessary to cut them.

The state, the head of which was either Elizabeth II:

At the end of the throne in 1952, Elizabeth became the queen of seven states: Great Britain, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan and Ceylon.

During its reign, some of these countries became republics. At the same time, as a result of the decolonization process, numerous British colonies have gained independence. In some of them, the Queen of Great Britain retained the status of the head of state, in others - no.

Cancellation of the monarchy in the initial possessions of Elizabeth II:

Pakistan - In 1956 (former Dominion Pakistan)
South Africa - in 1961 (former YUS)
Ceylon (Sri Lanka) - in 1972 (former Dominion Ceylon).

New independent states who preserved the monarchy:

Antigua and Barbuda
Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
Grenada
Papua New Guinea
Saint Vincent and Grenadines
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
Solomon islands
Tuvalu
Jamaica

New independent states refused by monarchy:

Guyana
Gambia
Ghana
Kenya
Mauritius
Malawi
Malta
Nigeria
Sierra Leone
Tanganyika
Trinidad and Tobago
Uganda
Fiji

see me"

23 thousand days Elizabeth II

at the head of the British monarchy

65 years ago after the death of King George VI entered the throne of the Queen of UK Elizabeth II. The British monarch owns an absolute record of staying at the British throne. At the moment it takes it already 23742 days.

During the reign of Elizabeth, large changes occurred both in the UK and in the world.

The United Kingdom has ceased to be an empire and provided independence to the countries that have once managed. The royal family is now paying taxes on income and condition, and the Buckingham Palace is open to the public.

Elizabeth II is a monarch of 16 states of the world.

Its external ability to listen and understand others provided the queen special place in the British society.

As one of the English philosophers noted, "the monarchy is home, which is above the policy."

Princess Lilibet

When baptized in the Buckingham Palace, she was named Elizabeth by Alexander Maria (in honor of the mother, great-grandmother and grandmothers).

Elizabeth II is the eldest daughter of King George VI, a representative of the Windsor Dynasty, leading its beginning since 1901.

Elizabeth was not born for the throne. Lilibet, as they called her house, was only the third in line for the throne. In 1936, her grandfather (Georg V) died. His receiver was uncle Elizabeth - King Edward VIII. Rules it is only 325 days. He refused the British throne to marry twice a divorced American Wallis Simpson. In the UK, according to the laws, the king could not marry a divorced woman and at the same time to fulfill the duties of the monarch.

Great Britain began to rule Father Lilibet - Georg VI.

The 11-year-old Elizabeth moved with his parents from Kensington to the Buckingham Palace.

Princess Elizabeth received a home education. She studied art and music, became an excellent rider.

After Father Lilibet entered the throne, she began to take the lessons of constitutional history and the right of the rector of the Iton College.

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Junior commander Windsor

Three years after the coronation of George VI, the Second World War began. The king refused to leave London and remained in the Buckingham Palace even during bombing. Georg VI and his wife visited the citys destroyed by bombing.

Princess Elizabeth lived in Windsor Castle. It was from there on October 13, 1940, she first spoke on the radio - with the appeal to children who lost her shelter because of the war.

And after three years, her first independent appearance in the public was held - a visit to the regiment of the Guards Grenadiers. The most close acquaintance of Elizabeth with monarchs began in 1944, when it became one of the five "state advisers", having received the right to replace his father when he went to the front of the front.

In 1945, for several months Elizabeth, a military and labor service was serving in the auxiliary female territorial service as a driver and mechanic of a military truck, after passing the exam for driving vehicles, it was assigned a honorary title of the younger commander.

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Prince Philip, Duke Edinburgh

With his spouse Elizabeth met at the age of 13, when Prince Philip Mountbetten was still a cadet of the Dartmouth Naval School.

Son of Greek Prince Andrei Philip - Far relative Elizabeth. He is the great director of Queen Victoria.

When Elizabeth turned 21, the couple officially announced the engagement. The next day, they were officially represented by the light at an open admission in the Buckingham Palace.

For the rings, the princess jeweler used diamonds from the diadem owned by the Mother Prince Philip.

On the eve of the wedding of the daughter, the king helped the future son-in-law title. Prince Philip became the Duke of Edinburgh. Elizavet Georg VI made the lady of the noblest Order of the garter - the Higher British Order for the knighthood established by King Eduard III in 1348.

Since the United Kingdom still has not recovered from the consequences of the war, the bride was allocated by 100 coulides on the clothes, which everyone used at that time.

The dress Elizabeth from the atlas of the ivory color created the official tailor of the British Royal Yard Norman Hartnell. Getting Started on the outfit, he was inspired by the canvas of the Renaissance Epoch.

After the wedding, the spouse lived for some time in the Buckingham Palace, and then moved to Clarence House specially renovated for them.

In 2007, the Queen and Duke of Edinburgh celebrated the "diamond wedding" - the 60th anniversary of living together.

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"God save the queen!"

On April 21, 1947, in honor of his adulthood, which came when she was 21 years old, Elizabeth made a heartfelt speech.

Elizabeth II.

Elizabeth brought a coronation oath, swearing the laws of Great Britain and abide by the law of God.
During the ceremony, Elizabeth's husband kened his knee and said: "I, Philip, I become a soul and body of your vassal; I swear to serve you faithfully before the end of my days, protecting from any enemies." May God help me. "
The solemn lunch for honored guests took place in Westminster Hall. The best cooks of Great Britain prepared a special dish, the name "Coronation Chicken" - a chicken with curry, mayonnaise and an apricot jam. The recipe for dishes were printed in advance in local newspapers, so any Briton could prepare a "royal" dish in his kitchen.
On the day of coronation in London, it was raining. Queen returned to the Buckingham Palace, despite the bad weather, about 3 million people were welcomed on the streets of the city - they all wanted to see a new monarch. The royal procession passed by the audience for 45 minutes and stretched 4 km.

Photo: © AP Photo. Video: © YouTube / Theroyalchannel

Live

The coronation of Elizabeth II was first shown on television live.
Prime Minister Churchill was against the fact that media representatives allowed access to the abbey. Queen insisted on the presence of journalists.
"People must see me to believe me" - so Elizabeth argued her decision.
More than 8.2 thousand guests are then witnessed by the historical event, and, according to some estimates, more than 20 million people in the UK were watching on TV.
Cynokameras filmed a ceremony in color, and a mounted chronicle was shown for many months in cinemas.
2 thousand journalists, 500 photographers from 92 countries transferred news from a solemn event. The channel "BBC" commented on the broadcast in 44 different languages.
The records of the ceremony were delivered by the Air Force Airplanes through the Atlantic. On the same day, 87 million residents of the United States and Canada could also see coronation.

Queen and her 13 prime ministers

It is impossible to definitely say which political views adheres to Elizabeth, since she never sets out them publicly.
One of the responsibilities of the queen - weekly meetings with the Prime Minister, most often they pass in the Buckingham Palace.
Most of the heads of government had or have close and trusting relations with the British monarch, since in their position Elizabeth should know, and in nature - to be able to keep state secrets.
For more than 60 years of the reign of Queen, 12 British prime ministers changed, and the current head of the government of Teresa May - 13th.
The Royal National Theater in London even put the play Peter Morgan "Audience". The play is the dialogues of Queen Elizabeth II with all the Prime Ministers of Great Britain.
The play, where the role of the Queen performed the English actress Helen Mirren, first was shown in London in 2012.

In June 2015, it became known that the Netflix video service plans to be released on the basis of the "Crown" series "audience".
The series with a budget of 100 million pounds was very warmly adopted by the viewer and critics. On the 74th ceremony of presenting a prestigious film "The Golden Globe" "Crown" became the best serial drama. And for the role of Queen, the actress Cler Foy received a statuette.

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Attempts on the crown

About the personal guard of Elizabeth II and the rest of the monarch of the family is known not so much.
Ensuring the safety of crowned parts is engaged in an elite division. Buckingham Palace and Scotland Yard do not indulge the public with information about him. According to rumors, royal bodyguards who carry around the clock watch, just about 50 people.
The most responsible task falls on "bullets".
During the departures, especially outside the United Kingdom, the monarchs highlight specially trained drivers who sit behind the wheel of cars and motorcycles.
During the reign of Elizabeth, the royal security recorded more than 20 incidents associated with the personal security of the members of the monarch of the family.
In 1966, during the visit, Elizabeth II in Belfast, a concrete block fell on one of the cars.
In April 1970, Elizabeth II made a trip from Sydney to the city of Orjnzh - Agricultural Center of the State of New South Wales. In the place of the path where the train, following the mountainous locality, was to gain high speed, the conspirators were put on the sleepers of the railway linen log in the calculation that the composition comes down from the rails and will hit the retaining wall at full speed.
The tragedy managed to avoid only because the train, contrary to expectations, moved on this site very slowly. Exactly an hour before the passage of the British queen, the railway canvas was inspected on a special locomotive, but there were no suspicious subjects. According to investigators, the log was deliberately put on the sleepers in the conditions of darkness after this inspection.
In 1974, at the Buckingham Palace in London, an attempt to steal the Princess Anna was prevented.
In May 1981, it was possible to stop the attempt on the prince of Charles, when the envelope stated in the sorting post in the western area of \u200b\u200bLondon was intercepted by an explosive addressed to Prince Wales.
The attack on the queen was committed a month after the occasion with a bomb letter.
In June, during the traditional parade, a young man shot Elizabeth II in the horse. The gun was charged by idle cartridges. The attacker is the unemployed Briton Marcus Sargen. He was accused of violating the law adopted in 1842, which provided for punishment for shots from weapons in the immediate vicinity of the Royal Operation in order to scare it.

Photo: © AP Photo / Bob Dear. Video: © YouTube / PressimageBank

Four years later, Michael Fahan almost unhindered invading her Majesty, and in 1994, in Sydney, the Prince Charles Prince's heir was shot from the starting pistol.
In 2014, Scotland Yard prevented another attempt on the British Queen. In London, four people were detained in London on suspicion of the training of the terrorist attack.
According to the media, they planned an attack on Elizabeth II using cold weapons, knives and daggers.

Scandals around the royal family

In the film, removed by the "BBC" to the 40-year anniversary of the reign of Queen Elizabeth II, the royal family appears in the image of a happy big family with numerous children playing on green lawns in the castle of Balmoral.
However, already a month after the demonstration of the film on the air has become aware of the disaster in the family of the second son of Queen - Prince Andrew. In 1996, he divorced his wife Sarah Ferguson after 10 years of marriage.
The newspapers wrote that the Queen had a strong pressure on Andrew so that he would break with Sarah, which the courtyard considered vulgar and eccentric.
The media reported her novel with the Texas oil millionaire Steve Vaitat, with whom Sarah spent vacation on the Mediterranean. The newspapers were published in the time of the photographs of the pair, no doubt that these rumors had a solid foundation.
In the same year, Prince Charles divorced the princess Diana. It was preserved by title, equal to the Charles of the right to raising children.
The popularity of the "People's Princess" had reached a maximum after the divorce, and the Charles began to be treated as a person who betrayed the most charming woman of Britain.

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These family launches did not damage the monarchy, but deeply injured the queen. Elizabeth II disapprovingly treated the divorces of his children, remembering her uncle was forced to abandon the throne to marry a divorced woman.
In 1997, the queen fell under the sight of almost all global media. August 31, Diana died in a car accident.
People poured the fences of the Buckingham and Kensington palaces with flowers, soft toys, balls, letters of condolences.
The British believed that after the death of the Princess Elizabeth, who was at that moment in the castle of Balmoral (residence in Scotland), keeps silence too long.
"Where is the queen?" - asked the newspaper the Sun. "Your people in suffering. Contact it," the queen called the Mirror's first strip.
The then Prime Minister Tony Blair also encouraged the queen to turn to the people.
Later in his memoirs, the politician will write that he considered himself obliged to "protect the monarchy from himself."
The popularity of the queen has fallen sharply after the death of Princess Diana. For the first time in 10 years - from 13 to 30% - the number of those who were confident that without the British monarchy "will be better" were increased. In 1987, life without a royal family could not imagine 77% of the British.
According to Blair, he tried to convince Elizabeth to make a public statement, but she found him arrogant.

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I passionately argued her the need to extract lessons from life. She found me arrogant and behaved arrogantly, but then recognized my right point

Tony Blair, the former Prime Minister of Great Britain

Elizabeth returned to London 5 days after Diana's death.
Together with Prince Philip, she approached sores of flowers at the Buckingham Palace, demonstrating their sympathy to people. The crowd began to clap.
"The discontent has not yet been gone, but already felt as the atmosphere change," said Mary Francis's assistant secretary of Elizabeth.
On the same day, the queen turned to the nation in the literal television, calling Diana "exceptional and gifted man."
"Neither in joy, nor in the mountain she did not lose the ability to laugh and maintain others with their warmth and kindness," said Elizabeth.

Photo: © AP Photo / Pool. Video: © YouTube / Iconic

At the funeral, Diana Queen in the violation of the etiquette bowed his head.
Elizabeth managed to return the benefits of the British - the popularity of the monarch, according to polls, rose sharply.
Charles married only 8 years after Diana's death - a wedding with Camille Parker Bowl was not solemn, they registered their relations in the Municipal Department of Windsor.
The royal family gave their blessing, however, Elizabeth II was not present at the marriage.

Revenues and expenses of the British Crown

The local media calculated that in 2013/14 the fiscal year for the content of the monarchy, every British taxpayer allocated 56 pence.
More than a third of all expenses - 13.3 million pounds - went to the maintenance and repair of the royal palaces. It is almost 50% more than a year earlier. However, representatives of the royal family explained this fact to the completion of the "large number of long-term projects", as well as the "repayment of debt over the past years."
However, the main source of Queen's income is a fixed percentage of CROWN ESTATE company profits or the so-called sovereign grant. It was introduced in 2011 to replace the civilian sheet.
Until 1760, the monarchs received income from their property, but by the middle of the XVIII century these funds were disastrously lacked for the content of the royal family. The King of George III, who joined the throne in 1760, handed out all the property of the crown for the management of the government in exchange for maintenance on a civilian sheet, the size of which was determined by the Cabinet in coordination with the courtyard.
According to the law, all incomes of Crown Estate enter the state treasury, after which the British monarch receives 15% of his share. This is called a sovereign grant that goes to pay for ceremonial duties.
Crown Estate is an independent commercial enterprise with the largest real estate portfolio in Britain. The magnitude of the company's capital is estimated at 11.5 billion pounds.
Crown Estate owns real estate in London, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
Among the objects - the Big Windsorian Park and the Royal Hippodrome in Ascota, but the main part of the portfolio is residential and commercial real estate, including offices, shops and shopping centers, as well as part of buildings on Ridge-Street in London West End.
In June 2015, the FINANCIAL TIMES newspaper reported that Elizabeth II would receive a record income from transactions with the real estate owned by it, which drives Crown Estate.
In the first three months of this year, Crown Estate earned 285 million pounds sterling, from this amount of Elizabeth II will receive 43 million pounds.
Last year, the sovereign grant amounted to 37.9 million pounds, of which the queen spent 35.7 million pounds.
This money among other things went to pay for personnel, real estate service, trips, utilities.
Nevertheless, in 2015, Elizabeth II left the list of the richest inhabitants of Great Britain, which annually compiles the newspaper The Sunday Times. This year, the queen lost 17 positions and found itself at 302nd place.
The queen annually entered the list since 1989.
Independent experts assess the state of Elizabeth II in 110 million pounds. Over the past year, the income of the queen amounted to about 10 million pounds. When assessing the state of the queen, the cost of the collection of art objects was not taken into account, which includes the works of Rembrandt, Monet and other famous painters.

Photo: © AP Photo / Lefteris Pitarakis. Video: © YouTube / Theroyalchannel

What awaits the British monarchy

According to the act of the throne of 1701, the monarch's sons had an advantage over daughters, inheriting the throne on seniority.
Elizabeth became the queen just because her father had no sons. If she had a brother, for example, the younger, then it would be the crown.
Attempts to change the current laws were made several times since 1981, but every time they did not find support from the government of the country.
In 2011, the reform of the Law on the Preconsession was finally submitted to the discussion.
The fact that the current way is outdated and must be "upgraded," even Prime Minister David Cameron said.

In 2013, the Rules of the Prestiplock were changed. The law gave the descendants of the British crown of both sexes equal rights, now they will inherit the throne for seniority.
The heir of Elizabeth II is her eldest son Charles, Prince Wales.
In January 2006, Queen handed him a part of his authority. However, until she abandoned such duties as weekly meetings with the Prime Minister and participation in the official opening of the session of Parliament.
In February, the Times newspaper published fragments of the new informal biography of Prince Welsh. Publication of excerpts from the book caused an excitement in the local press. The text noted that the United Kingdom may not be ready for radical changes that the prince of Charles can bring with them in case of climbing the throne. And this fear expressed his mother, Queen Elizabeth II.
The author of the biography of Prince "Charles: the heart of the king" - the correspondent of The Times Catherine Mayer. According to her, Charles is inclined to a greater extent than his mother, to the autocratic style of the board, but some of the courtiers of the Buckingham Palace, "like the queen herself," it is believed that the country is not ready for the "shock of change".
Meyer claims, referring to his relatives to the Palace sources that the prince "never agrees to be a nominal figure."
"Talking about his role of the heir, the prince made it clear that he intends to revise the monarchy," the Mayer writes.
Critics of Prince Wales "headed by his father Prince Philip" believes that he "behaves selfish", preferring his "crazy ideas" by royal duties.
Prince's representatives noted in a conversation with journalists that the book was not authorized, as they did not receive any prerequisies and did not agree on the text.
The second in line at the British throne - born on June 21, 1982, the eldest Son of Prince Charles William, Duke Cambridge.

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She (Queen Elizabeth II) Professional, always thoroughly thinking every step and never takes hasty decisions.
(In an interview with "BBC" for the documentary film "Queen", The Queen, 2012)

Prince William, grandson Elizabeth II

William graduated from the Yaton College, and in 2006 he entered the Royal Military Academy in Sandherst. He received an officer title and joined the royal cavalry.
The Buckingham Palace does not hide that the grandson of Elizabeth II sees an example for imitation, a sample of a monarch. He stated that although he was ready to fulfill the difficult duty to be a king, but will take the throne only after his father. In 2011, the Duke of Cambridge acquired a family, which should determine the future of the British monarchy in the second half of the twentieth century.
With his future wife Catherine Middleton, he met while studying at St. Andrews University.
Catherine and William's engagement took place in October 2010 during a joint recreation in Kenya. By making an offer, William presented Catherine's wedding ring of his mother.
On April 29, 2011, a wedding "Team of the Future" was held in Westminster Abbey, as the young couple David Cameron called.

Queen of UK Elizabeth 2 in youth. Elizabeth II - biography, information, personal life. at the head of the British monarchy

and Queen Maria (1867-1953), Princess Teksk, - on Father,

Claude George Bose Lion (1855-1944), Count Strathmore and Cecilia Nina Bose-Lyon (1883-1961), - by Mother.

Early years Elizabeth second

1. Queen was born at 2:40 am on April 21, 1926 in the London district of Maifer in the residence of Count Strathmore on Breuton Street, house number 17.

2. She was the first child of the Duke and Duchess York, who later became King Georg VI and Queen Elizabeth.

3. At that time, she was the third in the line of inheritance of the throne after Edward, Prince of Wales (later King Eduard VIII), and her father, Duke York. But no one expected her father to become a king, and even more so she would become a queen.

4. Princess Elizavet was baptized by the names of Alexander and Maria in the chapel of the Buckingham Palace. She was named after the mother, and her two median names - in honor of the father's great-grandmother, Queen Alexandra, and grandmothers on the father's line, Queen Mary.

5. The early years of the princess passed on Piccadilly 145, the London house of her parents, where they moved shortly after her birth, and in the White House in Richmond Park.

6. When she was six years old, her parents received government positions in the Royal House in the Big Windsor Park.

7. Princess Elizabeth received a home education along with the princess Margaret, her younger sister.

8. The training of Elizabeth was personally involved in her father, King Georg, and classes with Henry Martin, Vice-Rector of ITON. The study of religion was engaged in the Archbishop of Canterbury.

9. Princess Elizabeth learned French from French and Belgian governess. This skill served the Queen of a good service, as she personally could take part in a conversation with ambassadors and heads of states from French-speaking countries, as well as when visiting French-speaking areas of Canada.

10. Princess Elizabeth became Skapt when she was eleven years old, and then became a naval ringer.

11. In 1940, in the midst of war, the young princesses were moved for their safety in the Windsor Castle, where they spent most of the war years.

Royal Roman

12. The Queen is the first British monarch who celebrated the diamond anniversary.

13. Princess Elizabeth and Prince Philip met at the wedding of Prince Philip's cousin, Princess Marina Greece and the Duke of Kent, who was Uncle Princess Elizabeth, in 1934.

15. Royal wedding rings decorated with platinum and inlated by diamonds Jeweler Philipp Antobus. He used in the decorations of diamonds from the diadems owned by the mother of Prince Philip.

16. Prince Philip had two bachers before the wedding: the first - official in Dorchester, which had invited guests from the press, and the second - with close friends in Belfrey Club.

17. The Queen and Duke Edinburgh married in Westminster Abbey on November 20, 1947 at 11:30 am. The celebration was attended by 2000 guest guests.

Video: "Wedding"

In the same style, bridesmaid dresses were performed. They were sewn from cheaper materials (also acquired by coupons), but at the expense of embroidery and interesting design looked adequately.

18. Elizabeth had eight bride girlfriends: her royal Highness Princess Margaret, Princess Alexander Kentskaya, Lady Carolina Montagus-Douglas Scott, Lady Mary Cambridge, Lady Elizabeth Lamember, Pamela Mountbatten, Margaret Elfinson, Diana Bowl Lyon.

19. Also at the wedding were present: his Royal Highness Prince William Gloucester (at the age of five) and his Royal Highness Prince Michael Kent (also at the age of five).

20. Queen's wedding dress sewed designer Sir Norman Hartnell.

Tiara Elizabeth "Look" from the mother. An hour before the celebration in the hands of the bride, Tiara broke down in half and had to wait for the jeweler, who urgently repaired it.

23. The grave of the unknown soldier in the abbey is the only stone that is not covered with a special cover. The day after the wedding of Princess Elizabeth, following the royal tradition, started her mother, sent a wedding bouquet back to the abbey, where the flowers laid on this grave.

24. The wedding ring of the bride was made from the Welly Golden nugget that was sent from the "Clogau St David" mine near the long.

25. About 10,000 congratulatory telegrams were received in the Buckingham Palace, also the royal couple received more than 2,500 wedding gifts from well-wishers around the world.

26. In addition to jewelry, from close relatives, the spouses received a lot of useful things for the kitchen and home, including the salt marsh from the Queen Mother's Bookcase, a bookcase from Queen Mary, and a picnic kit from the princess Margaret.

27. "Wedding Breakfast" (Lunch) was held after the marriage ceremony in Westminster Abbey in the Round Dining Room in the Buckingham Palace. The menu was fillet "de Sole Mountbatten", Pedro Casseroke, Ice Cream "Princess Elizabeth".

28. In his honeymoon, the couple went from Waterloo Station together with the dog Princess - Susan.

29. The newlyweds conducted a wedding night in Hampshire County, in the House of Uncle Prince Philip Count Mountbatten. The second part of the honeymoon was held in Birkholl, in the estate of Balmoral.

30. In early 1948, the pair rented its first family house, Windlun Shem Moore, in Surreye, near Windsor Castle, where they stayed until they moved to Clarence House on July 4, 1949.

31.After marriage to the Princess Elizabeth, Duke Edinburgh continued his maritime career, reaching the title of Lieutenant in the "HMS Magpie" frigate team.

34. Coronation took place in the Westystster Abbey on June 2, 1953. Harvesting the sacred ceremony headed Jeffrey Fisher, Archbishop Canterbury.

35. Coronation was broadcast in each part of London, on a fleet, in Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales.

36. Queen and Duke of Edinburgh Philip Four Children: Prince Charles, Prince Wales (born in 1948), Princess Anna, (born in 1950), Prince Andrew, Duke Yorksky (born in 1960) And Prince Edward, Count Wessex (born in 1964).

37. With the birth of Prince Andrew in 1960, the Queen became the first ruling monarch gave birth to a child, since Queen Victoria, whose younger child, Princess Beatrice, was born in 1857.

Prince Charles, Prince Wales (born in 1948)

Princess Anna, (born in 1950)

Prince Andrew, Duke Yorksky (born in 1960)

Prince Edward, Count Wessex (born in 1964)

38. Queen and Duke of Edinburgh Philip Eight Grandchildren -

Peter Phillips (born in 1977),

Zara Phillips (born in 1981),

prince William (born in 1982),

prince Harry (born in 1984),

princess Beatris (born in 1988),

princess Evgenia (born in 1990),

lady Louise Windsor (born in 2003)

and James, Viscount Sertrents (born in 2007),

there is a great-grandfather - Savannah (born in 2011) and great-grandfather Prince George Cambridge (2013)

Speech Queen of England

39. The Queen reports on television Christmas message every year, with the exception of 1969, when she decided that the members of the royal family were on television enough after an unprecedented documentary film about her family. Her greeting took the form of written circulation.

40. In 1991, in his message, the Queen denied rumors about renunciation, as she pledged to continue the service.

41. The Queen issued a prescription against the newspaper "The Sun" in 1992 after she published the full text of her speech two days before the broadcast. She later took apologies and 200 thousand pounds sterling donations for charitable goals.

42. Grandfather of Queen, King Georg V, the first of the royal family spoke for Christmas live on Radio from Sandringham in 1932.

43. Georg V was first against using wireless information transfer devices, but in the end agreed.

44. Christmas broadcast was not in 1936 and 1938.

45. In 2010, the Queen's speech was broadcast from the Hampton Court Palace - a historic building was used for the first time.

46. \u200b\u200bEach speech is written in person by the Queen, each has a strict religious framework, reflects current issues and is often based on its own experience.

Interests and Hobbies

48. Animal amateur since childhood, the queen shows a big and very informed interest in horses. As the owner and breeder of purebred horses, it often comes to watch races to evaluate what her horses in running, and also often visits equestrian competitions.

49. Elizabeth II participated in Derby, one of the classical races in the UK, and the summer race in Ascota, which became the royal since 1911.

50. Queen's horses won jumps on Royal Ascot several times. The double victory was noticed on June 18, 1954, when Landau won the Rous Memorial Stakes, and Herool's stallion won Hardwicke Stakes, and in 1957, the Queen had four winners during the rays.

51. Other interests include nature walks and countryside. Also, the Queen loves to walk with her Labradors who were specifically derived in Sandgrinryme.

52. Less than known Queen's interest to Scottish dance. Every year, during her stay in the castle, Balmoral, the Queen arranges dances, known as "Gillis Balls", for neighbors, property owners, castle employees and local community members.

53. The Queen is the only person in the UK, which can ride without a license or registration number on your car. And she does not have a passport.

54. The Queen is a patron of more than 600 charitable organizations.

55. To officially greet the Queen of Men must slightly incline head, while women make a small renewress. At the Queen's view, the formal appeal "Your Majesty" will correctly, and then "MEM".

Leisure Queen

56. Queen Elizabeth II is a fortieted English monarch, starting from Wilhelm the conqueror.

57. She visited Australia 15 times, in Canada - 23 times, on Jamaica - 6 times and New Zealand - 10 times.

58. Her Majesty sent about 100 thousand telegrams long-livers in the UK and the Commonwealth countries.

59. The queen lunch on 23 ships and communicated with five astronauts in the Buckingham Palace.

60. She made the first flight by plane in July 1945.

61. Her Majesty is the only British monarch in history that can change the spark plugs.

62. For the Victory Day, the Queen and her sister Princess Margaret slipped in the crowd during the celebration.