Japanese occupation in Korea. Territorial disputes between Japan and its neighbors The rise of Japanese power

In the second half of the 19th century, small Korea, which had previously been a frequent target of aggressive campaigns by neighboring China and Japan, became one of the main targets of Japanese colonial expansion. The Japanese power, which was gaining strength, considered Korea as its potential possession. Preparations for the colonization of Korea, however, faced certain problems, among which were the attempts of the Korean people to protect their independence, and the position of China and Russian Empire. However, after the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905, Japan was still able to establish a protectorate over Korea. On August 22, 1910, Korea was finally annexed to Japan and placed under the control of the Japanese governor-general.

Of course, such a situation could not please the advanced part of Korean society. Moreover, in the Japanese Empire, all non-Japanese peoples were treated as second-class people, and the Koreans were no exception. However, since Japan was still a more developed country not only militarily and economically, but also culturally, revolutionary ideas popular in Japan began to spread in Korea. So anarchism penetrated Korean soil - an ideology that at a certain moment became dominant in the East Asian revolutionary movement.

Unlike European countries and even Japan, in Korea at the beginning of the 20th century, anarchist ideas were firmly connected with the idea of ​​Korean nationalism, more precisely, liberation nationalism, focused on achieving national independence and liberation from Japanese imperialism. Therefore, both the theory and practice of the Korean anarchist movement during this period of the country had their own specifics, significantly different from European and even Japanese anarchist tendencies. However, the history of Korean anarchism in the first third of the 20th century is inextricably linked with the history of the anarchist movement in Japan and, to a lesser extent, in China. Korean anarchists of that time were influenced by their Japanese associates, from whom they borrowed many ideas and slogans. On the other hand, the roots of Korean anarchism were in the peasant national liberation movement. It was the peasantry, which at that time constituted the overwhelming majority of the population of Korea, that periodically rebelled against the Japanese colonialists, which allowed the anarchists to consider the peasant masses as not only potentially, but actually revolutionary.

Korea was greatly influenced by the revolutionary events in neighboring Russia. By 1918-1919. most of the Korean revolutionaries were in exile in neighboring China. Since China had its own scores with Japan, it was quite easy to grant political asylum to both Korean and Japanese revolutionaries. It was in exile in China, under the influence of Chinese and Japanese anarchists, that Korean revolutionaries began to accept anarchist ideas.

Xing Chaeho and comrades in Shanghai, 1919

One of the first Korean anarchists was Sin Chaeho (1880-1936), a descendant of the noble family of Sin, whose ancestor was among the developers of the Korean alphabet. Having received a good education at home, Shin Chaeho already showed great promise as a connoisseur of Confucian literature and traditional Korean and Chinese poetry at a young age. In 1898-1905. Shin Chaeho studied at Sungkyunkwan University. It was during this period that he began his acquaintance with European philosophical literature. Under the influence of the ideas of the philosophers of the Enlightenment, Xing Chaeho gradually began to move away from traditional Confucian philosophy. Having settled down after university in the newspaper Hwangson Sinmun, Sin Chaeho had already finally formed as a Korean nationalist, an opponent of the Japanese occupation. The greatest hatred of Sin Chaeho was caused not so much by the Japanese authorities as by representatives of the Korean aristocracy, who, forgetting about national dignity, fawned over the colonial officials. At the same time, while criticizing the Japanese colonial authorities, Xing Chaeho was very interested in the Japanese revolutionary movement, including the anarchists. Gradually, he became more and more convinced of the need to establish social and political justice in a revolutionary way.

Like many other politically active Koreans, Shin Chaeho chose the path of emigration for himself. In 1910 he left Korea and settled in Russian Vladivostok. Here he lived until 1913, contributing to one of the Korean nationalist newspapers. In 1913, Xing left for China, where he settled in Shanghai. At that time, Shanghai was one of the most important economic and cultural centers of China, so it was not surprising that the bulk of both Korean and Japanese political emigrants lived in Shanghai. Nevertheless, Xing, who was fluent in Chinese, moved to Beijing in 1915, where he got a job in the Chinese publications Beijing Ribao and Zhonghuabao. Xing Cheho lived in China for a very long time. In 1919, he was elected Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Korean Provisional Government-in-Exile, which was headquartered in Shanghai. But, speaking in favor of the revolutionary struggle against the Japanese colonialists, Sin criticized the President of the Provisional Government of Korea, Lee Syngman. Eventually, political differences with Lee Seung-man forced Xing Chae-ho to step down from his job in the Provisional Government and return from Shanghai to Beijing.

In 1920, Sin Chaeho began editing the Seogwang (Dawn) magazine, which was originally Marxist. But then Sin Chaeho became disillusioned with Marxist ideas. Most likely, the reason for this was the fear that the powerful Soviet Russia will be able to subordinate little Korea to his political influence. Anarchism for Shin Chaeho was, first and foremost, a political ideology not associated with any of the major states of the world. In 1921, Sin Chaeho founded the Korean anarchist magazine Cheongo (Heavenly Drum), in which he began to publish articles and materials of the world anarchist movement. The magazine, by the way, was published on Chinese, which opened access to it and the Chinese reader.

In the early 1920s among Korean revolutionaries, both anarchists and representatives of other political movements, the point of view on the need to launch an armed insurrectionary struggle against the Japanese colonialists is becoming more and more stronger. Thus, the Yyoldan society - the Union of Justice Enthusiasts, founded in 1920, set as its goal the conduct of armed operations against Japanese government agencies and officials in Korea and China. The Japanese authorities accused society activists of carrying out bomb attacks on police stations in Busan, Miryang and Seoul, shelling the Eastern Colonization Society and the Korean Industrial Bank. But these actions, despite the wide coverage in the press, did not have a significant impact on the situation in Korea. Convinced that the path of solitary sabotage could not lead to the liberation of Korea, the organizers of the society, to which Sin Chaeho joined, decided to move on to the formation of a mass anti-Japanese movement. First of all, they hoped to raise the working and peasant masses of Korea to fight against the colonialists, and after the people's liberation revolution it would be possible to resolve the issue of the future political and economic system of an independent Korea.

Back in 1919, the "Northern Military Administration" was established - a Korean anarchist rebel team operating in Manchuria. Its founder and leader was Kim Chwajin (1889-1930, pictured), a member of a noble Korean family who received a military education and later worked as a school teacher. In 1917, he joined the Korean Liberation Corps, a military-political organization that operated in Manchuria and Shanghai and, in addition to political activities, extorted money from the Korean bourgeoisie.

In the early 1920s, the strengthening of ties between Korean and Japanese anarchists continued. The union of the Korean anarchist Pak Yeol and the Japanese anarchist Kaneko Fumiko was very symbolic. Pak Yeol was born in 1902 in Mungyeong, Gyeongsangbuk-do Province. In 1919, due to suspicions of participation in the national liberation movement, he was forced to drop out of his studies at the Seoul high school. To continue his education, Pak Yeol went to Japan - to Tokyo, where he got a job as a paperboy. By this time, the young man was already sympathetic to anarchism, so he quickly met Tokyo like-minded people and created his own group with them - the Society of the Discontented (Futei-sha). This organization, like many other anarchist groups in Japan, China and Korea, set as its goal the implementation of "direct action" actions against government officials.

While living in Japan, Park Yeol (pictured) met his peer, Japanese Kaneko Fumiko. She was a little younger - she was born in 1903 in Kotobuki in Yokohama, in the family of police detective Fumikazu Saeki, who belonged to a samurai family, and a simple peasant woman, Kikuno Kaneko. By the time Kaneko Fumiko was a little older, her father had left the police force and began to abuse alcohol. In the end, he left his old wife. Mother Kaneko Fumiko also did not stay alone for a long time and soon got married. The girl stayed with her maternal grandparents. They decided to move to Korea.

From 1912 to 1919, Kaneko Fumiko lived in Korea at the home of her childless aunt. In fact, she was a housekeeper for her relatives, although she had the opportunity to attend school. In 1919, the sixteen-year-old Fumiko returned to Japan, to Yokohama, and in 1920 she moved to Tokyo. Here she got a job as a paperboy, got acquainted with the activists of the Christian mission of the Salvation Army, and then with the Japanese socialists. At the same time, she attended classes at an evening school, where she met Hatsuo Niyama, a Japanese girl who became her friend and mentor in anarchist ideology. At the same time, Kaneko Fumiko's fateful acquaintance with Pak Yeol took place. The young Korean immediately liked the girl and they became revolutionary comrades-in-arms, and then lovers.

Together with Pak Yeol, Kaneko Fumiko took part in the creation of the "Society of Discontented". It is likely that this small organization would have been able to function further if the famous “Great Kanto Earthquake” had not occurred on September 1, 1923. It brought Japan great loss of life and large-scale destruction. The authorities feared that leftist radical forces could take advantage of the consequences of the earthquake to organize an uprising. In addition, the country's leadership was also concerned about the possible prospect of an anti-Japanese uprising in Korea.

Repressions against activists of the revolutionary movement began throughout the country. First of all, the police arrested the Koreans and the Japanese who collaborated with them. Pak Yeol was also taken into custody. Kaneko Fumiko, as a girlfriend of a Korean revolutionary, was also arrested. After a brief investigation, Park and Fumiko were found guilty of treason. They were accused of allegedly preparing an assassination attempt on the Japanese emperor and for this purpose were going to acquire an explosive device. While imprisoned, Kaneko Fumiko wrote her autobiography, which today is considered one of the most reliable documentary sources on the history of Japanese and Korean anarchism in the early 1920s.

In the end, Park Yeol and Kaneko Fumiko were sentenced to death. Shortly before sentencing, they were given the opportunity to officially become husband and wife. It would seem that nothing could save the young anarchists from inevitable death. However, the Japanese Emperor ordered that both Pak Yeol and Kaneko Fumiko be pardoned. The death penalty was commuted to life imprisonment. But Kaneko Fumiko broke the sentence and demanded her execution. In 1926, she committed suicide in a prison cell. Pak Yol's nerves turned out to be stronger - he found the strength to survive a long prison sentence and spent twenty-two years behind bars. In October 1945, Pak Yeol was liberated by American troops. After his release, the 43-year-old anarchist, who spent 22 years in prison, returned to his homeland. During the Korean War, he moved to the DPRK, where he lived the second half of his life, dying in 1974 at the age of 72.

However, the sentence of Pak Yeol and Kaneko Fumiko did not affect the further development of the Korean anarchist movement. In 1928, Korean emigrants who were part of the Korean Anarchist Union of China founded the Eastern Anarchist Union, which included representatives from a number of East Asian countries and territories - China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan and Vietnam. The publication of the magazine "Dong-Bang" ("East") was started. Since the publication of the press required considerable funds, the activists of the organization began to falsify financial documents. For this, one of the veterans of the Korean movement, Sin Chaeho, was arrested. He was sentenced to ten years in prison. In 1936, he died in Yeosun Prison.

Korean Anarchist Federation, 1928

However, the Korean anarchist movement continued to exist, extending its activities to the interior of the country. Anarchist groups sprang up in Seoul and Pyongyang. In 1929, the Korean Federation of Anarchist Communists was established, the backbone of which was made up of activists from the Society of Black Comrades, which operated in Kwangso. In July 1929, the Union of Korean Anarchists of Manchuria was created, working in the city of Halim in Northern Manchuria. The South China Union of Korean Youth operated in Shanghai. At this time, the relations between the anarchists and the pro-Soviet elements in the Korean revolutionary movement became more complicated. So, in 1930, under unclear circumstances, Kim Chvajin, who was considered one of the leaders of the anarchists, was shot dead in Shanghai. But the most serious blow to the anarchist organizations of Korea was inflicted by the Japanese secret services in the 1930s, when, in connection with the outbreak of hostilities in China, the Japanese leadership was seriously concerned about the problem of neutralizing all the revolutionary and opposition organizations in the country. Many prominent anarchists ended up behind bars, from which they were able to get out only after the defeat of Japan in World War II.

You can hear about how many troubles Korea's annexation brought to Korea at any public holiday. But it is not customary to talk about the positive aspects, somehow. I have set myself the goal of correcting this omission in this article.

It's no secret that for 35 years (and de facto 40, since the victory of the Japanese Empire in the Russo-Japanese War) - the entire Korean Peninsula was under the rule of Japan. Modern Korean and Chinese media love to inflame the people with nationalist slogans, accusing modern Tokyo of almost all mortal sins. Until the very end of the 1980s, nationalist hysteria in Korea maintained a ban on the import and translation of all printed and film products from Japan. In the 90s, the Korean government decided to demolish the residence of the Governor-General of Japan in Chosen, which was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Then they went even further, and during the revision of historical documents, they deprived more than 100 owners of their land plots: those, allegedly, were received by the ancestors of the current owners from the despotic Japanese regime.
At the same time, the fact that the entire ruling elite itself came out of yesterday's policemen is successfully hushed up. For example, park chung hee , grandfather of the current president of Korea and former president himself - formerly known as Takaki Masao, alumnus Japan Higher Military Academy and senior lieutenant armies of manchukuo .

On the right - Park Chung-hee, on the left - he, in the form of the Japanese Imperial Army

You can hear about how much trouble Korea's annexation brought to Korea at any public holiday. But it is not customary to talk about the positive aspects, somehow. Let's fix this oversight! In my post, I will try to list the main known facts in favor of the fact that the occupation was more good for Korea than evil.

1. Lifespan
If at the beginning of the 9th century in Korea there was at least a semblance higher education, then students would die on the day they received their diploma. The average life expectancy of a Korean in 1905 was 22 years. Many did not live up to this. This was largely facilitated by the total unsanitary conditions on the Korean streets, the decline of the economy (Korean industry was a collection of foreign concessions, first Russian - then Japanese, and the mountainous terrain was not conducive to development Agriculture), complete absence social guarantees and labor legislation.
The effective management of the state apparatus by the Governor-General made it possible to bring this figure to 44 in 1941. Those. Korean life expectancy has increased twice .

2. Education

The literacy rate at the time of annexation was an all-time low of 2%. The vaunted Hangul, which is currently the only script on the entire Korean peninsula (what? Did someone say "hancha"? Have you seriously seen it somewhere other than an encyclopedia?), at that time was known to an extremely narrow circle of people. The elite of the population considered it "frivolous children's writing", preferring Chinese characters, and the remaining 98% happily shared this dismissive attitude towards Hangul, but did not consider it necessary to master at least one other method of writing the language. That's how it happened...

This first became a problem during an attempt to organize anti-Japanese protests in 1910. A group of students actively distributed leaflets and manifestos around Keijo (now Seoul), but most of the population simply could not understand what they wanted from them ... It is not surprising that the rallies ended in nothing .
However, the Governor-General regularly implemented the planned educational program. More than 3000 schools were built and even the first in the history of Korea - a university called " Keijo Imperial University". Now known as Seoul National University . In fact, an education system was built from scratch, which operates in Korea to this day. So, within the framework of the policy of enlightened government, since 1922, ethnic segregation was finally abolished, and the Koreans began to study with the Japanese in general schools.

3. Economy and Business
Business first. The modern economic model of South Korea is entirely built on the principles of Japan. So, in Korea, the main financial levers are concentrated in the hands of mega-corporations - Chaebols. Doesn't it remind you of anything? Yes, this is a Zaibatsu (Keiretsu) "with a Korean face"! All the same powerful financial conglomerate uniting gigantic enterprises in all sectors of the economy. All the same, the colossal political influence of their leaders ... All the same ideology of the "company-family", from year to year nurturing a galaxy of workaholics who consider it an honor to die in the workplace.
In fairness, I’ll say that here the Koreans have moved away from their usual practice of appropriating other people’s achievements, and nevertheless recognized that Chaebol and Zaibatsu are the same thing, different readings of one word.

The economy grew rapidly during the occupation. The Gross National Product increased by more than 2.77 times, domestic consumption - by 2.38 times, income level - by 1.67 times.
In the village, manual labor was replaced by mechanization, which was carried out at such a pace that even Soviet Union with my five year olds.
At the time of the annexation, there were 151 factories in Korea, and by the end of the colonial period - 7,142. In addition, the share of factories owned by Koreans increased from 25.8% in 1910 to 60.2% in 1940. The number of workers increased from 15,000 to 300,000.

4. Infrastructure
The Japanese Empire built the first railway entirely at your own expense. This line connected the capital of Keijo (now Seoul) with the North Korean border Singisyu (now Synuiju). In fact, the capital has turned from a "one-story large village" into a solid multi-story city with capital buildings.

5. Culture
Japan gave Korea such a miracle as broadcasting. About 22 radio stations were built at their own expense, and the percentage of listeners grew steadily (with the growth of the people's well-being): if in 1926 there were 1,829 radio listeners in Korea, then in 1942 - 277,281.
Contrary to popular misconceptions about media censorship at the time, the laws and regulations for Korean media were 100% identical to those for Japanese media. There was no fundamental difference between them.
During the period of annexation, modern Korean literature was born, and the ubiquity of Hangul finally made literary works Korean writers in Korean (before the annexation, most Korean literature was written in Chinese).
Lee Gwangsu, Ki Dong-in, Kim Yoojung, Lee Hyusuk, Yeom Sangseop- it's all from there, from "Japanese Korea".
At the end of the colonial period, many writers and poets, including Li Gwangsu, began to actively support the colonial administration and the expansion of the Japanese Empire in East Asia. Among them were those who had previously been critical of the Japanese authorities, for example, the leftist writer Khan Sorya, future chairman of the Union of Writers of the DPRK

The period of annexation also saw the release of the First Korean Film and the First Korean Drama (the birth of theater).

6. Relations between nations
As previously stated, the administration did not make any distinction between Koreans and Japanese, pursuing a policy of assimilation. Mixed marriages were commonplace. The fact that many Japanese employed Koreans as servants in their homes is easily explained by the fact that the Japanese immigrated to Chosen with capital already acquired. Naturally, the wages on the island of Honshu and in the province (Korea) were different, but every year this difference was shrinking and shrinking.
After all, if "colonial oppression" were as unbearable as modern Koreans are trying to present it, would hundreds of planes take off then, with kamikaze pilots of Korean origin? Would they die with the emperor's name on their lips? Navryatli.

Finally, I would like to say a seemingly banal thing: in the world there is no uniquely white and black, good and bad, good and evil. Therefore, one should not believe politicians who seek to realize their selfish interests at the expense of our conflicts. And be especially skeptical of peremptory statements, be they Korean, or Russian, or Equatorial Guinean.

In modern South Korean historiography, in relation to the period of Japanese colonial rule in Korea, the term "the period of forcible occupation by the Japanese Empire (or imperialism)" is used. This term is also used in North Korean historical science. I must say that the term itself speaks for itself. The fact is that the Koreans, in principle, did not recognize the legitimacy of the merger agreement with the Japanese Empire, concluded in August 1910. The treaty was signed amid blackmail and violence from the Japanese authorities. Let me remind you that in 1905 a protectorate treaty was concluded with Japan, and in 1907 the Korean army was disbanded. The Japanese authorities firmly controlled the press in Korea at that time, and by 1910 all conditions were created for the peaceful annexation of Korea, which, in fact, happened.

In modern historical science, in particular in the Republic of Korea, there is an ambiguous perception of this period; There are different points of view and approaches. In particular, several approaches can be distinguished. We will conditionally call one the "theory of colonial modernization", the other - the "theory of colonial exploitation", and the third point of view is something in between the first and second. According to the theory of colonial modernization, Korea developed during the years of the Japanese colonial regime, and the main task of historians and economists who wrote and write their works within the framework of this approach was to show that Korea did develop economically and culturally during the years of Japanese occupation. And the nature of Japanese colonization is not perceived by them as negatively as by representatives of the theory of colonial exploitation - the nationalist tradition in Korean historiography. Representatives of the theory of colonial modernization indicate that there really was growth. For example, the average growth rate of the Korean economy during the years of the colonies - from 1910 to 1945 - amounted to 3.7%, the growth rate of the coal mining industry, the electric power industry - 9%, and the service sector - 5%. Thus, despite the generally rather difficult living conditions of Koreans in the era of Japanese colonialism, there was growth, and it makes no sense to reject it, and it is important to emphasize that society developed during this period.

For representatives of this concept, it was important to show that, due to the fact that economic development happened, Japanese colonialism actually prepared the basis for further development Korean economy after liberation in 1945. At this point, they are very controversial on the part of historians who represent the theory of colonial exploitation. The fact is that the representatives of the theory of colonial exploitation clearly understand the nature of Japanese colonialism as exploitative. That is, the Japanese annexed Korea for their narrow purposes, firstly, in order to sell their products, that is, Korea was for them a market for monopoly products, a market for cheap work force and base for the invasion of the continent. In this sense, Korea was indeed an attractive part that needed to be colonized under the militarization of the Japanese regime. And there are indeed many grounds for this point of view, because, despite the different periods in the history of the Japanese occupation, by most indicators, Korea really remained the base for the exploitation of the Japanese regime.

For example, by the end of the 1920s, 90% of all investment in Korea was owned by Japanese enterprises; 3/5 of all industrial enterprises also belonged to Japanese owners. In this sense, despite some growth that is naturally observed in this period in the Korean economy, resources were unevenly distributed between Japanese and Korean owners. The same applies to the field of land use. We can observe the same trend in the training of technical personnel, because at the time of the liberation of Korea, most of the technical personnel were represented by Japanese specialists. And when Korea was liberated in August 1945, there was such a situation that in fact there was no one to manage the enterprises, since there were no specialists there.

Representatives of the theory of colonial exploitation do not associate Japanese colonialism with the further growth of the Korean economy in the 1960s and 1970s. They believe that during the Korean War, in fact, what was created by the Japanese during the colonial years was destroyed and that the economic base of South Korea was virtually restored from scratch, so there is no direct connection with the Japanese colonial period. It must be said that most representatives of modern historical science adhere to this point of view, that is, they proceed from the fact that the Japanese colonial regime was really exploitative and Korea did not gain anything from it, but lost more.

Another point of view is trying to smooth out the sharp corners of the two positions, to get rid of the politicization of the two approaches, ideological narrow-mindedness. Unlike representatives of the theory of colonial modernization, historians belonging to a moderate view say that in the history of Korea, the period of Japanese occupation is the period of the start of modernity, the development of capitalist relations and the development of national culture, but this is a new time that does not need to be understood with in terms of progress or regression. A new order is being established, a new society is emerging, and this new period must be treated politically neutrally. Thus, a balanced approach is being formed, which seems very interesting to me, because it allows us to analyze the historical past without politicizing it, and this politicization of views is very strong in the Korean historical tradition.

Who knows political science and history well? Need help...and got the best answer

Answer from Voldemaras Merenok-Rubinchik[guru]
In what period? The occupation of Korea by Japan is a period in Korean history in the early 20th century when Japan occupied the Korean peninsula. Japanese influence began to spread after the signing of the Ganghwa Peace Treaty with the Joseon Dynasty in 1876, greatly increased after the assassination of Empress Myeongseong in 1895 and the protectorate agreement in 1905. In 1910, Japan annexed Korea (see Treaty on the Annexation of Korea by Japan). The occupation period ended with Japan's surrender in World War II in 1945. In Korea, this period is called the Japanese Imperial Period (Ilje Side) or Japanese Armed Occupation Period (Ilje Kanjomgi). The period of occupation was characterized by the suppression of the national identity of the Koreans and numerous crimes against humanity. [edit] Early history
Archaeological finds say that people appeared on the territory of the Korean peninsula about 700 thousand years ago. In the provinces of Hamgyongbuk-do, Pyongannam-do, Gyeonggi-do and Chungcheong-buk-do, many stone tools dating back to the Paleolithic are found. People of those years lived in caves and built primitive houses.
The oldest Korean pottery item dates back to 8000 BC. e. Pottery items from 3500-2000 BC (Chilmun Pottery period) are found throughout the peninsula, as well as in the Primorsky Territory, Mongolia and Manchuria.
[edit] Gojoseon
Main article: Gojoseon
According to legend, the first Korean state was founded by the son of a bear woman and a celestial, Tangun, in 2333 BC. e. Historians call the most early stage Korean history during the Gojoseon (ancient Joseon) period. The territory of Gojoseon was in the region of the north of the Korean peninsula and Manchuria.
In 300 BC. e. Koreans participated in the conquest of Japan, and the creation of the Yayoi culture
In 108 B.C. e. Gojoseon was captured by the Chinese.
It is believed that at the dawn of its development, Gojoseon was a tribal union, consisting of separately administered city-states, and it became a centralized state around the 4th century BC. e. Around the same time, the state of Chin was formed in the south of the peninsula, which became the ancestor of the Samhan confederations.
[edit] Early states (108 BC - 3rd century)
Main article: Early Korean states
After the fall of Gojoseon, three tribal unions were formed on the territory of the peninsula: Mahan, Jinhan and Byeonghan (collectively called Samhan).
In the north, the state of Goguryeo emerged, proclaiming itself the heir to Buyeo. Also, several small states arose on the territory of the former Gojoseon, including Okjo and Dongye (eastern Ye).
[edit] Three kingdoms
Main article: Three Korean states
Tomb in GoguryeoAt the beginning of our era, three early feudal states emerged from the tribal unions left after the collapse of Gojoseon - Silla, Baekje and Goguryeo.
[edit] Balhae and United Silla
Main articles: Balhae, Unified Silla
BulguksaAfter the conquest of Goguryeo and Baekje in 676, the United Silla state arose, which was replaced by the state of Goryeo in 935.
At the same time, the state of Parhae (Chinese: Bohai) was developing in the north.
This period in the history of Korea was marked by the flourishing of Buddhism.
[edit] Later Three Kingdoms
Main article: Later Three Korean States
During the Late Three Kingdoms period (892-936), there were three states on the Korean peninsula: Silla, Hupaekje, ("Later Baekje"), and Taebong (or Hukoguryeo, "Later Goguryeo").
[edit] Koryo
Main article: Goryeo
Goryeo was founded in 918 and united the peninsula by 936. The word "Korye" became the prototype of the modern "Korea". The reign of the dynasty lasted until 1392. During this period, a detailed set of laws was developed. Buddhism spread throughout the peninsula.
In 1231, the Mongols began raiding Goryeo, and after 25 years of fighting, the Goryeo king was forced to become a Mongol tributary. Korea spent the next 80 years under Mongol yoke. P

Answer from Anhedonic[guru]
Write something like:
Fifty years after the end of the occupation, it can be stated that, thanks to the efforts of the world community, the countries are living relatively well. There are some small graters left, like the name of the Japanese (Korean) sea, but the peace between the countries is more and more obvious.

Answer from ulcer[expert]
made conclusions by chapters? You can really write about how they repented to each other, and they are trying to close the gaps in the past by hard work on themselves, and now they warmly coexist on the border territories, and sometimes, in memory of the past, "bite" each other out of boredom.