How to make a task for children to prepare. Developing tasks for children - preschoolers. Exercise "Important words"
We publish nine tasks with sheets for printing - to prepare for school from notebooks of the Japanese KUMON series, which are used by children in 46 countries of the world. Today we will teach the child numbers and shapes, add and subtract on simple examples. Easy and fun!
But first - advice for parents: how to teach your baby to hold a pen and pencil correctly.
How to hold a pen
There are several ways to teach your child how to hold a pen or pencil correctly. Here is one of them. It is difficult for a child whose fingers are not yet strong enough to hold a pencil correctly. Teach him this gradually so that he does not lose interest in writing.
1. Help the child place the index finger and thumb at a right angle, as shown in the figure. Place the pencil on top of the groove between these fingers and at the same time on the bent middle finger.
2. Now have the child squeeze the pencil between thumb and forefinger.
3. Compare with the drawing to see if your child is holding the pencil correctly.
Activities for preschoolers
1. Draw a line from 1 to 5 through all the numbers in order, calling them out loud.
2. Write the number 4 and say it.
3. Find and circle shapes that look like the pattern.
On this page, the child needs to find circles of different sizes among other shapes. If it is difficult for him to cope with the task, describe the circle to the child. Say, for example, that a circle is like a ball.
4. Write the missing numbers in the table, and then perform the addition.
5. Subtract. Solve each example!
6. Draw a line from the arrow (↓) to the asterisk (*) that will connect all the reels.
7. Color the mouthwash cup and toothpaste tube.
In this task, you need to color the mouthwash cup and the toothpaste tube. When the child finishes the work, say: “The boy is just great for brushing his teeth before going to bed! And you will brush your teeth today too.”
8. Do the addition.
Tasks for a child of 6-7 years old, aimed at express preparation for school: the study of a soft sign, types of lines and angles, the development of thinking and mental counting, the development of speech and attention.
Learning to read. Introduction to "b"
Target: the formation of reading skills, acquaintance with a new letter.
Material: worksheet. Card with b. Cards with the words - DUST and DUST, MOL and MOL.
In Russian there is a sign that denotes the softness of a consonant - a soft sign. A soft sign is not a sound.
The teacher shows a card with a soft sign.
- A soft sign is a special sign. A soft sign is just a signal to the mouth and tongue - to say SOUND differently.
- b almost always softens, like a pillow.
The teacher shows cards with the words:
Children circle the letter with a finger along the contour, "remember the letter."
What letter is written on the worksheets at the top left? (b).
- Write b with your finger in the air.
- Draw patterns on the letter b.
- Circle and complete your own b.
- What does b look like?
Learning to read. soft sign
Target: the formation of knowledge of the image of the letter.
Material: worksheet. Plasticine.
Let's make a soft plasticine sign.
Now listen to a poem about a soft sign:
Read the poem on your own. Learn it by heart at home.
Learning to read. Words with "b"
Target: the formation of reading skills.
Material: worksheet.
Read the words. Underline the b in the words.
Dictation. Offers
Target: the formation of writing skills, the development of coding ability.
Material: worksheet.
Write a sentence under dictation:
IN THE PARK ROS POPL.
Put stress on the words.
What is at the end of a sentence? Circle the dot.
Maths. Lace work. Repeating all kinds of lines and angles
Target: Consolidation of the concepts of "closed", "open", "straight", "curve" lines. Repetition of all types of angles (straight, acute, obtuse). Repetition of the days of the week. Fixing graphic images of numbers.
materials: each child - beads, a lace with a knot at one end. Three laces. Ball.
The teacher throws the ball to the children, asking questions and giving assignments:
- Count from 1 to 5.
- Count from 4 to 8.
- Count from 7 to 3.
- Name the neighbors of the number 5.
- Name the neighbors of the number 8.
- What are the lines? (Straight lines, curves, closed, open).
- What is a cut? (This is a piece of a line, part of a line).
- What are the corners? (Acute, straight, blunt).
- How many days are in one week? (Seven). Right! Now we will string beads on a string, like days for a week, and pronounce each day of the week in order.
The teacher distributes shoelaces (with a knot at one end) and beads to the children and suggests, putting the beads on the string, repeat the days of the week in order:
- Monday (children repeat "Monday" in chorus, putting the first bead on the string).
- Tuesday (they put on the second bead, repeating the second day of the week in unison).
- Wednesday... Etc.
- Well done! Samodelkin sent each of you three shoelaces and wrote tasks. I will read and you will do:
1. Turn the first lace into a straight line (put a lace on the tables in the form of a straight line), turn the second lace into a curved open line (lay), and turn the third lace into a curved closed line. (They put it.) An adult checks who did not cope - draws answers on the board, reminding what a closed and open line is.
2. Second task: turn the first lace into an acute angle, the second into a right angle, and the third into an obtuse angle. (Children do. Then the adult draws on the board - the children check themselves).
3. Fold the first lace into an oval, the second into a triangle, the third into a circle.
4. Last task: fold the first lace into the number "1", the second into the number "6", and the third into the number "3". What letter does the number "3" look like?
Development of thinking. Game "What is superfluous?"
Goals: development logical thinking, systematization of ideas about the world, the development of the ability to group objects according to a common feature.
materials: Ball.
Children stand in a circle. The teacher throws the ball to each child in turn, calling 4 words. The task of the child is to name an extra word and explain his choice.
Word groups:
Maths. Verbal counting
Target: Counting within 10.
materials: each child - cards with numbers.
Listen to how many times I clap my hands, and hold up a card with a number greater than two. (The teacher claps his hands 5 times, the children must raise the card with the number "7").
Listen to how many times I stomp my foot, and hold up a card with a number less than two units. (The teacher stomps 7 times, the children raise the card with the number "5"). You can ask one of the guys to comment on their answer, helping him if necessary. The child says: "You clapped your hands 7 times, and the number that is less than seven by two units is five").
Well done! Now listen to how many times I hit the pen on the table, and raise the number greater by 1 unit. (Knocks the pen on the table 9 times, the children raise the number "10").
To make it harder for you to ask... Listen to how many times I ring the bell, and show the number less than three units. (Rings the bell 9 times, children show a card with the number "6").
Tasks can be simpler: listen to the claps and show a number equal to their number or more / less by 1 unit.
Maths. Introduction to the concept of "Cylinder"
Target: Count within 10. Introduction to the concept of "Cylinder".
materials for each child: Cards with numbers. For each table: A rubber turnip or a heavy object, a set of unsharpened pencils. For the teacher: cylindrical objects: sausage, pencils, jars, glue stick, etc.
The teacher puts cylindrical objects on the table: a glass, a sausage, a cylinder hat, a cylindrical jar, an adhesive pencil, etc.
- Guys, what do all these items have in common? (All of these items have a similar shape.)
If children find it difficult to answer, you can ask leading questions:
- Maybe the objects are made of the same material? Maybe they are the same color? Size? Forms? When the children answer the question, the adult summarizes:
- This shape is called a cylinder, and objects of this shape are called cylindrical. The word "cylinder" ancient Greek meant a roller that can be rolled on the ground.
The teacher distributes cylinders to the children and offers to roll them on the table or on the floor. Children make sure that the cylinders roll.
- In the old days, when there were no cars and cranes, people moved heavy objects with the help of cylinders. So the grandfather and the woman, when they pulled out the turnip, realized that they themselves would not bring it home.
- We need cylinders! - said the grandfather.
- Where can we find them? Grandma was surprised.
- Let's cut down a few trees, take their trunks - and we get cylinders!
And so they did. They cut down several trees, cleared them of branches, and cylinders turned out. Imagine that pencils are peeled tree trunks. (Children receive a set of unsharpened round pencils ("tree trunks") and rubber turnips (or other "heavy" objects). Think about how you can use cylinders to move a Turnip or any other heavy load from one end of the table to the other?
Children express their suggestions, an adult helps to come to the conclusion that the Turnip is placed on top of the pencils, the pencils roll, moving a heavy object. The kids are trying it out.
Maths. Examples
Target: development of thinking operations.
Material: worksheet.
Fill in the missing characters to make the examples correct.
Development of attention Cups
Target: development of the properties of attention.
materials: worksheet, pencils.
Find all the cups in the picture.
How many cups did you find?
The development of speech. Writing options for the ending of a fairy tale
Target: development of thinking, speech, fantasy.
materials: No.
The teacher asks one of the children to tell the tale "Ryaba the Hen".
- Guys, are you sorry that the mouse broke the golden egg and upset the grandmother and grandfather? (Yes).(Answer options.) The teacher encourages children to fantasize with leading questions. If the children are silent, the adult himself begins to fantasize aloud, connecting the children to the discussion:
- Or maybe it could be different? The testicle might not have broken, do you think? (Could). Let's think of another ending for this tale - where the testicle did not break. How could this happen?
Options for continuing the story:
1. "... the mouse ran, waved its tail, the testicle fell, but did not break, because it had a strong shell and it fell on the straw. The grandfather and the woman realized that this testicle was not beating, went to the hen and said: take it , hen, my testicle back - we can’t do anything with it. The hen took her golden egg and brought out of it a chicken - not a simple one, but a golden one! The chicken grew by leaps and bounds, and soon became a golden cockerel that could grant wishes ... "
2. - And how else could this fairy tale end? "... The mouse ran, waved its tail, the egg fell and broke ... Then the hen laid them another golden egg. The old people took it, broke it, the grandmother kneaded the dough and baked Kolobok. And they sold the golden shells and bought a fur coat for the grandmother, and for the grandfather hat for the winter. Etc.
Then, summarizing:
- Guys, what ending did you like the most - the one that was or one of those that we came up with? Why?
Development of thinking. What is superfluous?
Target: development of mental actions of analysis-synthesis, generalization
1. Wolf, fox, bear, rabbit.
2. Lynx, wild boar, hare, elk.
3. Panther, leopard, tiger, bear.
4. Lion, buffalo, giraffe, donkey.
5. Wolf, hedgehog, eagle, fox.
Preparing the hand for writing. Cell copying. Dog
Target: development of grapho-motor functions.
Material: worksheet.
Copy the dog in the cells.
Drawing with paints. Bear
Target: development of graphics functions. Development of creative thinking, imagination, development of the basics of modeling, consolidation of ideas about geometric shapes(circle, oval, semicircle). Developing the ability to work with paints in the "sticking" technique.
materials: a sheet of paper, brown gouache paint, a brush, a glass of water, a napkin, a pencil, a finished sample.
- Let's draw a bear using only circles, ovals and semicircles in drawing.
- What should I draw on a bear? (Head, body, legs). Right, but how many paws does a bear have? (Four paws).
- Thanks. So, I draw on the board, and you draw on a piece of paper.
- First you need to draw a large vertical oval. It turned out the body of a bear.
- Then you need to paint a circle on top. The circle is his head.
- Then draw 4 ovals, which will be the paws of the bear.
- Now let's take care of the head. On top of the circle, draw two semicircles - it turned out ... (Ears!)
- Draw a horizontal oval inside the circle - the muzzle of the bear. Above the oval are three circles: the bear's nose and eyes. And in the oval itself we draw a semicircle - we get a clubfoot mouth.
Then draw the claws on the paws and take brown paint.
- To depict the fur of a bear, you need to put the paint with pokes.
- The drawing of the bear is ready!
The teacher asks homework children.
The unbreakable foundation of a successful future is good schooling. You need to prepare for secondary education with high quality, and start doing this already in the senior and preparatory group kindergarten. The best preparation for school - 6-7 years, aimed at the comprehensive expansion of the child's knowledge.
What should a child of 6-7 years old entering school know and be able to do?
Admission of preschoolers to the general education class is similar to a real exam. In the process of a short interview with a teacher-psychologist, the following are determined: the level of development of the child, the ability to retell the text, reading and writing skills, mathematical knowledge and the ability to think logically.
Preschool preparation for school
Development of attention and memory
By the age of seven, it is important for a child to form "arbitrary" attention. Its peculiarity is that a preschooler can concentrate on the object of action, not desire, and do what is needed, instead of what one wants.
To demonstrate readiness for school, the child must know:
- Own full name(with surname and patronymic), names of parents, place of residence (name of the country, city, street, house and apartment).
- Major domestic and wild animals, birds;
- Plants, holidays, common professions and sports;
- Shapes and colors;
- Differences in sizes (smaller and larger), sounds (vowel, consonant), sides (right and left).
The control tasks also include:
- "Find differences" (from 3 to 5);
- “Name it in one word” (banana, apple, pear - fruit);
- "Find an extra item" (potato, carrot, apple, cucumber).
- Tell what is the difference (spring from autumn).
- Name the current season and explain its features.
Important! The development of attention and memory is also tested on the child's ability to retell the material heard and restore events in the correct sequence.
Reading and literacy
Children of the elder preschool age must listen, understand and fulfill the requirements of the educator, know the letters and be able to compose them into syllables and short words, be able to perform stroke and hatching exercises, depict in full printed letters and some written elements.
Teaching a child to read
In kindergarten, kids are taught:
- Extract a specific sound from different words.
- Clap your hands when I call the sound "C": poppy, braid, house, juice. - Find the position of a sound in one word (is it at the beginning, middle or end).
Where is the "S" sound? Catfish (at the beginning). - Determine the sequence of sounds in a short word.
- What is the first sound in the word "juice" - "s". Name the second sound - "o". The third is "k". - Divide short words into syllables.
- Pa-pa, ma-ma, pa-ma. - Find differences between hard and soft sounds, deaf and voiced, consonants and vowels.
AT mother tongue preschoolers should be able to:
- Form the only and plural nouns;
- Use prepositions and possessive pronouns in the correct context;
- Form a diminutive form of nouns and a possessive form of adjectives;
- Match nouns and numbers correctly.
Verbal counting
The development of mathematical thinking in the future first-grader is also important. Back to top school education the child should be able to:
- Count within two tens;
- name the numbers in reverse order(from 10 to 1);
- Know the neighbors of the first ten numbers;
- Find the place of a certain number in a row;
- Keep count of objects, both by ear and by touch;
- unfold big numbers into two smaller ones, and, conversely, add one larger one from two smaller ones;
- Be able to add and subtract within the first ten, as well as cope with the simplest exercise based on these mathematical operations.
First grader at the blackboard
Important! Often, according to the results of an "interview" with a preschool child, the revealed level of development turns out to be much lower than it actually is. This may be due to anxiety in front of an unfamiliar adult, fear of repeating the question, or peculiarities nervous system and the child's psyche.
To prevent a similar situation with tasks for preschoolers, when preparing for school, the baby should be taught:
- communicate with adults, and not just with their peers;
- answer questions on various topics and also ask them;
- overcome shyness and timidity.
How much should a future first grader study
According to the time approved in the Federal State Educational Standards (FSES), in the preparatory group of the kindergarten, children do no more than 25-30 minutes for one “lesson”. At this time, the organizational moment (collection of children, acquaintance with the type of proposed activity) and summing up the results of the lesson are already included.
Group lesson in kindergarten
How to prepare for school - rules and requirements
In the concept of preparing a child for the first grade, there are 4 main criteria:
- Physical readiness. Studying at school is associated with a great load, both psychological and physical. If the physical abilities of a preschooler are not developed to the right extent, this can adversely affect the entire time of his education. As a rule, already when filling out the child's medical record, doctors study problems in the functioning of the body and give advice on special forms of education or visits to specialized schools.
- The development of intelligence. To school age It is not enough for children to be able to count and read. The readiness of the intellect for further learning is reflected in special skills and abilities (concentration, ability to generalize, good fine motor skills, attention), in developed logic. A future first grader needs to be able to answer questions in detail and ask them in response, retell the text in their own words and compose a story based on visual material. These skills indicate sufficient development of speech.
- Social adaptation. A child of the senior and preparatory group, after visiting the kindergarten, fully masters the laws of the groups, learns to play both the role of a leader and the role of a student, obeying and fulfilling the requirements of the elder.
- Psychological readiness. Often, children want to go to school as soon as possible in order to get a beautiful portfolio and “play” live at school. However, real readiness is reflected in the child's desire to develop his cognitive need, the still unconscious desire to take his place in society. Therefore, the main element of preparing for school for preschoolers is considered to be the formed ability to learn.
Preparing for school - developing reading tasks for children
A list of interesting tasks aimed at developing reading skills, retelling, the ability to generalize and highlight the main thing, as well as teaching a child to read and write:
| Name | Target | Description |
| Help the bunny get food | Learn to distinguish a sound from a number of words | Help the bunny get to the carrot. He can only go to those items that have the letter "L" in their name. |
| Reading without making a sound | The ability to match letters and numbers, the development of reading skills | An abbreviated Russian alphabet is presented, under each letter of which there is a number from the first ten. Short words are selected from this alphabet, for each letter of which the child must make a certain number of claps. |
| Tongue twisters and short tongue twisters | The development of speech, a clear and clear pronunciation of sounds | Clean tongues and tongue twisters are selected for any letter with various vowels / consonants. For example, to work out the sound “C”, syllables are used - SA, CO, SU, etc. Pure tongue - SA-SA-SA, an OSA sits on the leg. SU-SU-SU, I will find LiSU in the garden. |
Preparing for school - developing tasks for children in mathematics
Young mathematicians in developing tasks perform subtraction actions only within the first ten, and addition - within 20.
Note! Oral counting occurs both in the usual order and in reverse.
| Name | Target | Description |
| counting | Development of attention, counting within 20 | Count the number of dots on the cube and write down the answer. |
| Postman | Develop addition skills in a preschooler | Three numbers are written on the envelope, and one is missing. Together they add up to the number circled. Find the missing number. |
| Daisies | Finding the sum of a number, the method of substitution and estimation | The task presents a chamomile with six petals. It is necessary to color only 3 petals so that together they make up the number indicated in the center of the chamomile. |
| Umbrella | The ability to solve the simplest examples and match them with a specific color or shade | Solve small examples and color the umbrella with the color that matches the answer. |
| Castle | Develop sorting skills, streamline knowledge about various geometric shapes | How many triangles are in the castle? How many rectangles are in the castle? How many ovals are in the castle? And how many squares? |
Tasks for the development of mathematical skills in children
Preparing a hand for writing - recipes with riddles for schoolchildren
The most important role in teaching a preschooler belongs to the development of hands. At school, a lot of time is devoted to writing, with insufficiently formed fine motor skills, by the end of the school day, the child will feel tension in the hands. And this, in turn, will affect the formation of handwriting.
Note! The cycle of training for the senior and preparatory groups includes the use of various educational copybooks.
As a rule, as prescriptions for preparatory groups there are small sheets with exercises that require tracing or hatching. They can be found online or purchased in bookstores.
In order not to get lost in the variety of material presented on the network, not to buy and print low-quality work by unknown authors, a list of good copybooks was compiled to help prepare children for writing:
- ROSMEN, Complete preparation hands to the letter - copybooks in the amount of 8 pieces (from 400 rubles * for the entire set);
- Bortnikova's prescription for children from 6 years old (30 rubles *);
- ROSMEN “I write and draw by dots” - a lot of positive feedback (60 rubles *);
- ROSMEN “I draw lines and stroke” (60 rubles *);
- Complex prescriptions "Getting ready for the letter" (from 185 rubles *)
The sequence of classes to prepare the hand for writing should be as follows:
- Learning to draw various lines (ordinary - horizontal and vertical, oblique, wavy);
- Drawing shapes: circle and oval, square and rectangle, triangle and rhombus;
- Next, the elements of individual letters or numbers are studied;
Preparing a hand for writing
Remember that the main task of adults remains. Many parents think that a child counting up to 100 will not be interested in peers who have barely mastered the first two decades by that time. However, good preparation for school will help the child feel confident, which means that he will study with great interest and dedication.
*All prices are valid on 28.04.2019
Card file of exercises
to prepare children for school
Exercises to make writing easier.
For the development of fine motor skills and preparing the hand for writing, the technique developed by T.V. Fadeeva.
Exercise 1
The palms are on the desk. Children raise their fingers one at a time, first on one hand, then on the other. Repeat this exercise in reverse order.
Exercise 2
The palms are on the desk. Children alternately raise their fingers on both hands at once, starting with the little finger.
Exercise 3
Children pinch a pen or pencil with their middle and index fingers. Bend and unbend these fingers, making sure that the pen (or pencil) does not fall below the thumb.
Exercise 4
There are 10-15 pencils or counting sticks on the table. With one hand you need to collect them into a fist, taking one at a time, then also put one at a time on the table (perform without helping with the second hand).
Exercise 5
Students hold the pen with the second phalanges of the index and middle fingers and take “steps” along the surface of the table.
Exercise 6
One end of the handle is clamped with the middle and index fingers of the right hand. In this case, the other end is directed away from the chest. It is necessary, turning the pen over, put it in the left hand with the free end. Then, with the next coup, they put the pen in the right hand, etc.
Exercise 7
This exercise is similar to rolling a ball in your hands. Children, imagine that they have a ball in their palms, make movements that imitate the ball turning in different directions.
GAMES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ATTENTION
"Invisible hat"
Within 3 seconds, you need to remember all the items collected under the hat, and then list them.
"Word Row"
Give your child different words: table, bed, cup, pencil, bear, fork, etc. The kid listens attentively and claps his hands when he comes across a word denoting, for example, an animal. If the baby is confused, repeat the game from the beginning.
Another time, suggest that the child stand up every time they hear the word for a plant. Then combine the first and second tasks, i.e. the baby claps his hands when he hears words denoting animals, and stands up when pronouncing words denoting a plant. Such and similar exercises develop attentiveness, speed of distribution and switching of attention, and in addition, expand the horizons and cognitive activity of the child. It is good to hold such games with several children, desire, excitement and a prize for the winner will make them even more exciting.
"Sea waves"
Purpose: to teach children to switch attention from one type of activity to another, to help reduce muscle tension.
At the signal of the teacher "Calm", all the children in the class "freeze". At the signal "Waves", the children take turns standing at their desks. First, the students sitting at the first desks get up. After 2-3 seconds, those who sit at the second desks rise, etc. As soon as the turn reaches the inhabitants of the last desks, they stand up and all clap their hands together, after which the children who got up first (behind the first desks) sit down, etc. At the teacher's signal "Storm", the nature of the actions and the sequence of their implementation are repeated, with the only difference being that the children do not wait 2-3 seconds, but stand one after the other immediately. The game must end with the "Calm" command.
"Memorize Pictures"
"Finddifference"
Purpose: to develop the ability to pay attention to details.
The child draws any simple picture (cat, house, etc.) and passes it to an adult, while he turns away. An adult draws a few details and returns the picture. The child should notice what has changed in the drawing. Then the adult and the child can switch roles.
The game can also be played with a group of children. In this case, the children take turns drawing a drawing on the board and turn away (while the possibility of movement is not limited). An adult draws a few details. Children, looking at the picture, should say what changes have occurred.
"
Monkeys "(1.5-7 years)
Purpose of the game: development of attention, coordination of movements, memory.
Equipment: bricks of one or more colors (all children and the leader should have the same sets), or counting sticks, or a set for the game "Tangram", "Vietnamese game", etc.
Game progress: the host invites the children: "Let's turn into monkeys today. Monkeys are best at mimicking, repeating everything they see." The leader, in front of the children, puts together a construction of bricks (or from the material on which the game is played). The guys should copy as accurately as possible not only the design, but also all its movements.
Option: the construction built in front of the children is covered with a sheet of paper or a box and they are invited to fold it from memory (then the result is compared with the sample).
Game "Look closely"
Concentration of attention and a sufficiently long retention of concentration is achieved in competitive games. The goal is for students to carefully consider the proposed subjects. Within one or two minutes, several of them are shown (for example, pencils, cufflinks, pebbles, beads, pens, etc.). then they are closed and the children are offered to describe in detail each object, its size, color. The same game can be played with the participation of the guys themselves, i.e. look directly at your comrades and note what changes have occurred in their clothes, their disposition, etc. Another option is to offer to consider several objects, then, after the children close their eyes, remove some of them, swap them or, conversely, add them.
"Third wheel"
This game can be played after the child has mastered the classification of objects into groups and subgroups: animals (wild / domestic, sea / birds, etc.), vehicles (land, air, sea), furniture, kitchen utensils, toys , clothing, etc. The first (initial) option. An adult shows the child cards, each of which depicts three objects: two belong to the same group, and the third is superfluous. For example: tree-flower-house. The child must determine and explain that the house is an extra item, because. is not a plant.
There are board educational games with similar cards. If you don’t have such a game, then it’s easy to prepare the cards yourself: draw or cut and paste pictures. You can also draw or cut out pictures of objects separately and instead of a card, put three pictures in front of the child each time, two of which belong to the same group, and the third is superfluous.
The second (complicated) option. The same game - only by ear: an adult names three objects. The task of the child is to determine which of the named items is superfluous and why.
The child must explain why he considers the subject superfluous. At the request of the parents and the child, you can also alternate: let the child also ask you such riddles.
"What changed?" Put 3-7 toys in front of the children. Signal for them to close their eyes while removing one toy. Opening their eyes, the children must guess which toy is hidden.
"Find differences". Show the children two almost identical drawings and ask them to find how one drawing differs from the other.
"Find the same." In the picture, children must find two identical objects.
"Ear-nose". On the command “Ear”, the children should grab the ear, on the command “Nose”, the nose. You also perform actions with them on command, but after a while you start making mistakes.
"Dwarfs and Giants". Similar to the previous game: on the command "Dwarfs" the children squat, on the command "Giants" they stand up. The teacher performs the movements together with everyone. Teams are given in a breakdown and at a different pace.
Freeze. At the signal of the teacher, the children should freeze in the same position in which they were at the time of the signal. The one who moves loses, the dragon takes him to him or he is eliminated from the game.
"Repeat after me". Under any rhyme, you rhythmically perform simple movements, for example, clap your hands, knees, stamp your foot, nod your head. Children repeat the movements after you. Unexpectedly for them, you change the movement, and the one who did not notice this in time and did not change the movement is out of the game.
"Handkerchief". Children stand in a circle. The driver runs or walks behind the circle with a handkerchief in his hand and discreetly puts a handkerchief behind someone's back. Then he makes another round, and if during this time the new owner of the handkerchief does not appear, it is considered that he lost. Anyone who notices a handkerchief behind his back must catch up with the driver and taunt him. If this succeeds, the driver remains the same. If not, the second one leads.
"Edible - inedible." The driver throws the ball, naming any object. The ball should be caught only if the object is edible.
"The Flag Game" When you raise the red flag, the children should jump, the green one should clap their hands, the blue one should step in place.
GAMES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THINKING
Game "Exercises for the development of thinking No. 3"
Purpose: to choose a word that will be logically connected with the indicated one (as in the previous pair), and explain your choice in detail.
Example: arrow - clock, wheel - ? The arrow is part of the clock, so I will choose the word “car” for the word “wheel”, because the wheel is part of the car. Instead of a car, other words can be called: a wheelbarrow, a bicycle, a stroller. All of these items have a wheel.
Arrow - clock, wheel -
Wheel - circle, carpet -
Squirrel - hollow, bear -
Jacket - wool, fur coat -
Shop - seller, hospital -
Fish - river, bird -
Vase - glass, saucepan -
Milk - butter, meat -
Goat - cabbage, squirrel -
Horse - hay, cat -
Tea - cookies, soup -
Chair - back, ship -
Rocket - space, plane -
Day - lunch, evening -
Tool - work, doll -
Hunter - gun, fisherman -
Word - letter, house -
Nails - scissors, beard -
Rain - dampness, heat -
Forest - trees, field -
Fox - cunning, hare -
Finger - ring, ear -
Lemon - acid, candy -
School - student, hospital -
Volcano - eruption, river -
Problem - solution, question -
Writer - book, sculptor -
The sea is a drop, the crowd is
Car - road, train -
Train - station, plane -
Flower - bud, leaf -
Exercise "White - Black"
Choose the opposite of each word.
Cheerful - ... Wide - ...
Tall - ... Kind - ...
Loud - ... Cold - ...
Hard - ... Fast - ...
Old - … Light - …
Dark - ... Expensive - ...
Dry - ... Small - ...
Exercise "What do you think is different from each other"?
Puddle and stream Tree and log
Board and glass Girl and doll
Bird and plane cartoon from movie
Nest from burrow Day from night
Exercise "Find out by description"
Yellow, red, autumn (leaves)
Brown, clubfoot, clumsy ... (bear)
Green, oblong, juicy ... (cucumber)
White, fluffy, light ... (cloud)
Small, gray, shy ... (mouse)
Branchy, green, prickly ... (tree)
Old, brick, two-story ... (house)
Sweet, white, cold ... (ice cream)
Red, sweet, ripe ... (apple)
Sunny, warm, summer ... (weather)
New, beautiful, interesting ... (book)
Fluffy, mustachioed, striped ... (cat)
Dense, dark, pine ... (forest)
Exercise "Which word in each row is superfluous"?
Explain why.
Pike, crucian, perch, crayfish.
Chamomile, lily of the valley, lilac, bluebell.
Table, chair, TV, wardrobe.
Milk, cream, cheese, meat, sour cream.
Lynx, bear, tiger, cat, lion.
Misha, Olya, Seryozha, Vanya, Kolya.
Morning, afternoon, night, breakfast, evening.
Beetle, fish, ant, butterfly.
Goose, swan, peacock, chicken, rabbit.
Pear, strawberry, currant, blueberry, raspberry.
Exercise "Say one word"
Butterfly, mosquito, dragonfly - insects
Birch, oak, pine - ...
Table, wardrobe, sofa - ...
Boots, boots, sneakers - …
Cheese, sour cream, yogurt...
Raspberries, strawberries, currants - ...
Football, gymnastics, swimming - ...
Morning day Evening - …
Tuesday, Wednesday, Friday -…
September, May, July - …
Pushkin, Chukovsky, Marshak - ...
Masha, Petya, Vasya - ...
Carrot, tomato, cucumber...
Peach, orange, apple - ...
Pig, cow, dog - ...
Ball, doll, lotto - ...
Game "Continue the row"
Purpose: to continue a series of concepts corresponding to one generalization. Choose at least 3 words. In each case, name a general concept.
Table, chair, sofa...
Cottage cheese, cheese, butter…
Doctor, cook, pilot...
Juice, kefir, compote ...
Cone, acorn, nut ...
Ship, yacht, boat...
Steam locomotive, train, tram ...
Book, album, notepad...
Floor lamp, sconce, table lamp…
Sausages, sausage, meatballs…
Strawberries, cranberries, raspberries…
Russula, chanterelle, boletus ...
Pine, birch, linden...
Jasmine, rosehip, lilac...
Rain, wind, frost...
Game "Think of an alien"
Purpose: development of imagination, activation of attention, thinking and speech.
Equipment: paper and pencils for each child.
Game progress:- Guys, today you will draw an alien. In order to draw it interesting, first think about how it will be. What kind of head will he have, whether it will be one or several, what kind of arms and legs he will have, maybe something else will be instead of them. You need to fantasize.
Bottom line: - And now each of you will briefly tell us about your alien. Tell us what his name is, what planet he is from, what he eats, whether he is good or evil.
Game "Exercises for the development of thinking No. 2"
Purpose: to choose from 3 objects one extra, taking into account the selected feature, and explain your choice in detail.
Color: chicken, lemon, cornflower.
Cucumber, carrot, grass.
Doctor's coat, tomato, snow.
Shape: TV, book, wheel.
Kerchief, watermelon, tent.
Size: hippopotamus, ant, elephant.
House, pencil, spoon.
Material: jar, pan, glass.
Album, notebook, pen.
Taste: sweet, potato, jam.
Cake, herring, ice cream.
Weight: cotton wool, kettlebell, barbell.
Meat grinder, feather, dumbbells.
It happens - it doesn't happen
Number of players: any
Optional: ball
Name some situation and throw the ball to the child. The child must catch the ball in the event that the named situation happens, and if not, then the ball must be hit.
You can offer different situations: dad went to work; the train flies through the sky; the cat wants to eat; the postman brought a letter; salted apple; the house went for a walk; glass shoes, etc.
Who will be who
Number of players: any
Extras: no
The host shows or names objects and phenomena, and the player must answer the question of how they will change, who they will be. Who (what) will be: an egg, a chicken, an acorn, a seed, a caterpillar, an egg, flour, a wooden board, iron, bricks, fabric, leather, day, student, sick, weak, summer, etc.
There may be multiple answers to one question. It is necessary to encourage the child for several answers to the question.
Answer fast
Number of players: any
Optional: ball
An adult, throwing a ball to a child, names a color, a child, returning the ball, must quickly name an object of this color. You can name not only color, but any quality (taste, shape) of an object.
Do you believe me or not?
Number of players: any
Extras: no
The host calls the phrases, and the players must determine the erroneous ones among them. You can simply answer "I believe" or "I do not believe" (true - false). We can agree that if the phrase is correct, then the players jump, and if it is incorrect, then they squat.
The easiest option is just for knowledge:
This pen is blue
Humans have three eyes
The water is wet
Two plus two equals three
And now we try to turn on the logic:
All cubes are red
Some pencils are broken
All birds fly
It always snows in winter
Sometimes it rains in autumn
Tea is always hot
Some boys wear skirts
What in the world is prickly?
Number of players: any
Extras: no
Try to remember with your child what is prickly in the world? Spruce and hedgehog needles, sewing needles and pins, rose and wild rose thorns, dad's chin ....
Name a few prickly objects, maybe the kid will add others to them. For example, name a Christmas tree, a hedgehog, needles and pins. And when you walk in the park or in the forest, find thorny plants, show your child the thorns. Why do plants need them? Surely, the child will remember your game and add the find to the category of "prickly things" himself.
You can play with other properties as well. "What in the world is cold?", "What in the world is round?", "What in the world is sticky?". Just don't ask too many properties at once. One thing is better. The main thing is that the child remembers the principle and includes more and more new objects in the group, say, "thorny things".
Think of a name
Number of players: any
Extras: poetry books
Pick up a few small children's poems (you can from collections).
Read the poem to the child without naming the title and invite the child to come up with a name for each poem.
The game will teach the baby to generalize and highlight main idea in a poem.
Good bad
Number of players: any
Optional: ball
Children sit in a circle. The facilitator sets the topic for discussion. Children, passing the ball in a circle, tell what, in their opinion, is good or bad in natural phenomena.
Rain is good: it washes away dust from houses and trees, it is good for the earth and the future harvest, but it is bad - it wets us, it can be cold.
It's good that I live in the city: you can ride the subway, by bus, there are many good shops, but it's bad - you won't see a live cow, a rooster, it's stuffy, dusty.
Need - don't need
Number of players: any
Optional: subject pictures
The host says: "I want to plant a garden. Do you need cabbage?" Children answer: "Need." Listing vegetable plants, the presenter calls fruit plants. Which of the children made a mistake pays a fant.
Having "planted" the garden, the children continue the game - they begin to "plant" the garden. The leader, listing fruits, uses the names of vegetables.
The winner is the one who has never made a mistake.
Tasks for preparing for school include the best cognitive express methods. Teaching material is developed, depending on the individual characteristics of future students. According to the Federal State Educational Standard, preparing a child for school means the formation of a successful personality, independent and self-confident. Currently, there are many interactive, electronic methods with a description. Children can prepare for them at home under the strict guidance of their parents and completely free of charge.
How to prepare for school: rules and requirements
Preschool preparation is an important stage in the life of every child, but not all parents understand why this is necessary and where to start.
Classes are required so that the child is mentally, emotionally and psychologically adapted to a new stage in his life.
Tasks for preparatory groups will help to study successfully, develop the child's physical and intellectual skills, and help with admission to school at an interview with teachers.
There are certain requirements that a first grader should know and be able to:
- Full name (own and parents), address of residence, city;
- place of work of parents;
- holidays;
- professions;
- distinguish between vegetables and fruits, edible from inedible;
- seasons and the number of months in it, days of the week;
- famous poets and musicians;
- Traffic Laws;
- distinguish colors;
- letters, numbers;
- read syllables and complete sentences;
- write in a notebook;
- count from 0 to 10 and vice versa;
- recite verses with expression by heart;
- retell what they read and heard;
- solve riddles;
- invent and tell a story;
- write a story based on the given picture;
- answer questions clearly.
Even though first grade education includes a lot of things from the list, the entrance test/interview pays attention to these points.
Developing classes
There are currently many developing preparatory classes and courses. Each task is prepared individually, based on the abilities and skills of the preschooler. There are notes that indicate how best to present the material to the child. A variety of methods includes tasks for both kids who are not yet 4 years old, and for children from 6 years old. Classes allow the child to easily complete the first grade and successfully move to the 2nd. Preparatory courses include most school curriculum first-graders.
Grammar
Studying the Russian language, the child will learn how to correctly decline words, select prepositions for nouns. Learning to read and write will help you master your oral and written skills.
- Task with the letter K. Color in those pictures in the photo where there is a specified sound.
- Circle the pictures whose names begin with a vowel sound.
- Color the vowels in red, the consonants in black.
- Match objects with the sounds their names begin with.
- Suggest a word. Continue the expression: "Our Tanya is crying loudly, she dropped it into the river ... (ball)." “The hostess abandoned the bunny, remained in the rain ... (bunny).”
- Guess the item from the description. "Fluffy, cold, white, creaks underfoot in winter ... (snow)." “Yellow, shines brightly in the sky during the day ... (sun)”. "High, grows in the forest, it has a lot of branches ... (tree)."
- Name the first sound in the word, indicate whether it is a vowel or a consonant: k-potato, a-orange, s-table, t-phone, y-snail.
- Name the child any word and ask: what is the first sound, is it a vowel or a consonant, what letter does the word end with. Then the child himself continues to name words, the beginning of which will correspond to the last sound. Tree-Island-Bucket-Hoop-Kettle and so on.
- Connect objects with an identical number of sounds in a word with lines.
Writing skills
Mastering elementary graphic and technical skills.
Entertaining tasks at home:
- Outline the letters.
- Draw shapes like in the picture.
- Move the figure to a new location.
- Draw a house.
- Name the animals in the picture, color them in different colors.
- Copy drawing.
- Draw a boat.
- Circle the objects along the dotted lines.
Maths
Mathematical simulators teach logical thinking, form a quick reaction and cognitive interest, help to quickly prepare six-year-olds for grade 1.
Logic tasks
Classes will help the child learn to reason, build logical chains, sequence, develop curiosity and inquisitiveness of the mind.
- What happens if you put the numbers in order.
- Find and color identical chickens.
- Find a pattern and draw the shapes.
- Connect objects in pairs with lines.
- Color the same figures in the same color. Count how many of them.
- Puzzle.
- Find who is hiding in the picture.
- Find an extra item in the picture, tell why.
- From which fairy tales pictures, color the characters.
Speech development
By exercising regularly junior school student learns to convey thoughts and emotions. As a result, speech becomes richer, vocabulary increases.
- Describe any situation, talk about emotions, express feelings.
- Find similar or opposite words for any adjectives (cold - frosty, hot).
- Read the words aloud.
- Tell a story by looking at pictures from your favorite books.
For the development of correct diction, it is useful to regularly carry out gymnastics, including exercises:
- The child rests the tongue on the left, then the right cheek, while the mouth is closed.
- The baby's mouth is open, the tongue is arched and rests on the lower teeth.
- The child smiles with his mouth open, the tip of the tongue rests on the left and right side of the mouth alternately.
- Imagine that the tip of the tongue is a toothbrush, "brush" the teeth of the upper and mandible, the latter remains unchanged.
- The child smiles as widely as possible for 7-10 seconds, showing his teeth.
Reading
Reading develops interest in letters, signs, literacy, increases vocabulary.
- Find a familiar word in the text offered to the child in 2 minutes.
- Read by increasing/decreasing the volume of speech.
- Read the text "to yourself", tell what it is about.
- In one minute, the child is asked to write as many vowels/consonants as possible.
- Read the text and answer the prepared questions.
- Teach your child to read without paying attention to extraneous sounds, for example, you can turn on the TV.
- Read letters of different sizes.
- Reading short texts without opening your teeth. Retelling what has been read.
- Reading at speed.
- Daily review of reading.
Drawing
Drawing will help to satisfy creative curiosity, develop imagination.
The world
Classes develop sensory skills, introduce the baby to nature, help to study the environment.
Attention exercises
The development of attention contributes to the speed of reaction, concentration, perseverance, switchability.
On thinking and memory.
Classes develop perseverance, attention in the lesson, the ability to think logically, perceive and assimilate information.
For fine motor skills
The development of fine motor skills of the future first-grader is coordinated by the nervous, skeletal and muscular systems. As a result of classes, dexterity of movements, writing skills are acquired.
- An adult with his palms easily massages the child's fingers with the saying "Magpie-Crow".
- The game of "Okay".
- Turning the pages of a book or magazine.
- Finger picking beads.
- Folding towers from cubes, dominoes, cards.
- Drawing on the sand.
- The child is invited to take a pea out of a jar with an easy-to-open lid, then repeat the manipulations.
- Zip up and unzip clothing, lace up and unlace shoes.
- Modeling from plasticine, clay, dough.
- Cutting out pictures, cards from a magazine.
Graphic dictation - drawings by cells
An educational game that prepares the hands of a preschooler for writing, forms spatial thinking, teaches you to navigate according to the size of a sheet of paper. Often used on preparatory courses to elementary school.
There is no need to scold the child if the drawing does not immediately turn out, calmly suggest and continue on.
It is important to monitor the correct fit at the desk, sufficient lighting, the position of the hand, how the baby holds the pen.
Having received the result, rejoice with the child for his hard work. Graphic dictations are accompanied by tongue twisters, riddles, develop fine motor skills and thinking.
To complete the dictation, you need to have a notebook in a cage, a pencil and an eraser. The duration of the lesson for children under 5-6 years old should not be more than 15 minutes, from 7-8 years old up to 25 minutes. At the beginning, speak with the child the concepts of up / down, right / left.
Graphic dictation is performed in one of the following ways:
- The preschooler is invited to draw a geometric pattern in a notebook in a box.
- An adult pronounces a sequence of actions, indicates the direction (2 cells to the left, 4 up, 1 to the right, 2 down, and so on). The child perceives information by ear and draws. At the end of the dictation, the image in the manual is compared with what the child got.
- "Magic wand". magic wand called, for example, a felt-tip pen. Rubbing it on a woolen cloth or hair, show how static electricity works (bring it to a candy wrapper, a piece of paper, a stream of water). Let the child decide which magic words must be said for the "focus" to work.
- Cut out images of animals, stick them on a piece of paper and invite the child to draw what each of them eats. A hare is a carrot, a cow is hay, and so on.
- Talk to your child about who he sees while walking in the yard. Cut out familiar pictures from magazines of what reminds you of a walk (grandparents, swing, sandbox). Paste illustrations onto paper.
- Make a toy forest with your child. To do this, stock up on twigs, leaves, sawdust and paint.
- Teach polite words, greetings and goodbyes. Toys are suitable for this, let the child, playing a character in a suitable situation, say “good morning”, “good night”, “see you soon” and more.
- 2 - warm season, the sun is shining, the school is located in the center of the sheet, there are joyful people around, beautiful flowers, trees;
- 0 - the school is located closer to the edge, people are sad, it is dark, the cold season;
- 1 - the figure shows the elements of both characteristics;
- 2 - lines are even without breaks;
- 0 - fuzzy, weak, double, with breaks;
- 1 - elements of both characteristics;
- 2 - bright, light colors;
- 0 - gloomy colors;
- 1 - dark and light colors.
- 0-1 - the child is not ready for school, there will be obstacles in communicating with teachers, peers.
- 2-4 - the child does not quite clearly understand what a school is, fears may arise that interfere with learning. Parents need to talk to the baby, find out the reason for the fear and describe the learning in a positive way.
- 5-6 - the child is completely ready for school, do not worry about interacting with teachers and peers.
- less than 11 - low result:
- 12-17- development needs more attention;
- 18-33 - average score;
- 34 and above - excellent development, the result is excellent.
Through the game, the child learns to perceive the world, develops thinking, logic, memory, attention, the child's psyche is strengthened. It should be fun, relaxed, interesting. Currently, there are free educational online games that a child will play with interest.
At home, several options for learning programs can help you learn the basics by playing:
Psychological preparation: tests
In order to determine the level of psychological preparation for school, it is enough to perform special tests.
Test 1
Ask the child to draw on a sheet of paper the school in which he will study, as he sees it. To complete the task, you will need a sheet of paper and colored pencils. The drawing is evaluated by color, plot and lines, and points are given.
Results in points:
After adding up the points, they check whether the child is ready for school:
Test 2
The child is given 30 seconds to put dots in circles: 1 dot - 1 point. The more points, the higher the score (only those that are included in the circle are considered).
Result:
